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10.1016/j.envint.2019.105283 | Exploring the regional pollution characteristics and meteorological formation mechanism of PM<inf>2.5</inf> in North China during 2013–2017 | In the last decade, North China (NC) has been one of the most populated and polluted regions in the world. The regional air pollution has had a serious impact on people's health; thus, all levels of government have implemented various pollution prevention measures since 2013. Based on multi-city in situ environmental and meteorological data, as well as the meteorological reanalysis dataset from 2013 to 2017, regional pollution characteristics and meteorological formation mechanisms were analyzed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of PM2. 5 in NC. The domain-averaged PM2. 5 was 79 ± 17 µg m−3 from 2013 to 2017, with a decreasing rate of 10 μg m−3 yr−1. Two automatic computer algorithms were established to identify 6 daily regional pollution types (DRPTs) and 48 persistent regional pollution events (PRPEs) over NC during 2014–2017. The average PM2. 5 concentration for the Large-Region-Pollution type (including the Large-Moderate-Region-Pollution and Large-Severe-Region-Pollution types) was 113 ± 40 µg m−3, and more than half of Large-Region-Pollution days and PRPEs occurred in winter. The PRPEs in NC mainly developed from the area south of Hebei. The number of Large-Region-Pollution days decreased notably from 2014 to 2017, the annual number of days varying between 194 and 97 days, whereas a slight decline was observed in winter. In addition, the averaged PM2. 5 concentrations and the numbers and durations of the PRPEs decreased. Lamb-Jenkinson weather typing was used to reveal the impact of synoptic circulations on PM2. 5 across NC. Generally, the contributions of the variations in circulation to the reduction in PM2. 5 levels over NC between 2013 and 2017 were 64% and 45% in summer and winter, respectively. The three most highly polluted weather types were types C, S and E, with an average PM2. 5 concentration of 137 ± 40 µg m−3 in winter. Furthermore, three typical circulation dynamics were categorized in the peak stage of the PRPEs, namely, the southerly airflow pattern, the northerly airflow pattern and anticyclone pattern; the averaged relative humidity, recirculation index, wind speed and boundary layer height were 63%, 0. 33, 2. 0 m s−1 and 493 m, respectively. Our results imply that additional emission reduction measures should be implemented under unfavorable meteorological situations to attain ambient air quality standards in the future. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W1553664811 | Design and analysis of full-state feedback controller for a tractor active suspension: implications for crop yield. | Vehicle suspension systems are needed in modern tractors to improve ride comfort by insulating driver’s cabin from road disturbances. Active suspension (AS) systems have the potential to improve both ride quality and handling vibration performance upon use of feedback to control its hydraulic actuator. This gives a capability to the vehicle to continuously adjust itself and response to the varying road conditions. The main objective of this study was to use a full-state feedback approach to design and analysis of AS control system for Kubota M110X tractor to eliminate the transmitted vibrations to the driver’s cabin caused by field roughness. The inputs of the system were determined as the control force generated from the hydraulic actuator of the AS and the road disturbances caused by holes and uneven surface. A simulation model was developed to analyze the behavior of the system to disturbances with 0.25 m amplitude. Results are included to show the dynamic performance and robustness of the proposed controller in dissipating the corresponding disturbance vibrations for a comfort ride with an instant overshoot of about 12% of the inputs disturbance and a settling time (ST) of 4.36 sec. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1242/dev.099085 | Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing with low off-target effects in zebrafish | Gene modifications in animal models have been greatly facilitated through the application of targeted genome editing tools. The prokaryotic CRISPR/Cas9 type II genome editing system has recently been applied in cell lines and vertebrates. However, we still have very limited information about the efficiency of mutagenesis, germline transmission rates and off-target effects in genomes of model organisms. We now demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in zebrafish is highly efficient, reaching up to 86. 0%, and is heritable. The efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system further facilitated the targeted knock-in of a protein tag provided by a donor oligonucleotide with knock-in efficiencies of 3. 5-15. 6%. Mutation rates at potential off-target sites are only 1. 1-2. 5%, demonstrating the specificity of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The ease and efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system with limited off-target effects make it a powerful genome engineering tool for in vivo studies. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
805031 | Engineering post-quantum cryptography | Our digital society critically relies on protection of data and communication against espionage and cyber crime. Underlying all protection mechanisms is cryptography, which we are using
daily to protect, for example, internet communication or e-banking. This protection is threatened by the dawn of universal quantum computers, which will break large parts of the
cryptography in use today. Transitioning current cryptographic algorithms to crypto that resist attacks by large quantum computers, so called ""post-quantum cryptography"", is possibly the
largest challenge applied cryptography is facing since becoming a domain of public research in the second half of the last century. Large standardization bodies, most prominently ETSI and
NIST, have started efforts to evaluate concrete proposals of post-quantum crypto for standardization and deployment. NIST's effort follows in the tradition of successful public ""crypto
competitions"" with strong involvement by the academic cryptographic community. It is expected to run through the next 5 years.
This project will tackle the engineering challenges of post-quantum cryptography following two main research directions. The first direction investigates implementation characteristics of
submissions to NIST for standardization. These include speed on various platforms, code size, and RAM usage. Furthermore we will study so-called side-channel attacks and propose suitable
countermeasures. Side-channel attacks use information such as timing or power consumption of cryptographic devices to obtain secret information. The second direction is about protocol
integration. We will examine how different real-world cryptographic protocols can accommodate the drastically different performance characteristics of post-quantum cryptography, explore
what algorithms suit best the requirements of common usage scenarios of these protocols, and investigate if changes to the high-level protocol layer are advisable to improve overall system
performance. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
interreg_1848 | IONian Integrated marine Observatory | The project aims at designing and implementing an Ionian Integrated Marine Observatory that will produce environmental information about the Southern and Northern Ionian Programme Area to support safer maritime traffic and the reduction of pollution hazard. In particular the partners will develop: • An information system (IS) for the observations and model analysis and forecasts to be accessed in real time with Web-based Portals containing discovery, visualization and downloading services (INSPIRE compliant) • The applications, in terms of Decision Support System-DSS, deriving from these products for Ship Routing and Safety (SRS), Search and Rescue (SAR), Pollution Hazard Management (PRM) for transport routes across the area • Test and evaluate the different DSS with regional stakeholders from the transport industry, coast guards, port authorities, environmental protection agencies and the civil protection. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1109/TSE.2010.39 | Loupe Verifying Publish Subscribe Architectures With A Magnifying Lens | The Publish-Subscribe (P/S) communication paradigm fosters high decoupling among distributed components. This facilitates the design of dynamic applications, but also impacts negatively on their verification, making it difficult to reason on the overall federation of components. In addition, existing P/S infrastructures offer radically different features to the applications, e. g. , in terms of message reliability. This further complicates the verification as its outcome depends on the specific guarantees provided by the underlying P/S system. Although model checking has been proposed as a tool for the verification of P/S architectures, existing solutions overlook many characteristics of the underlying communication infrastructure to avoid state explosion problems. To overcome these limitations, the Loupe domain-specific model checker adopts a different approach. The P/S infrastructure is not modeled on top of a general-purpose model checker. Instead, it is embedded within the checking engine, and the traditional P/S operations become part of the modeling language. In this paper, we describe Loupe's design and the dedicated state abstractions that enable accurate verification without incurring state explosion problems. We also illustrate our use of state-of-the-art software verification tools to assess some key functionality in Loupe's current implementation. A complete case study shows how Loupe eases the verification of P/S architectures. Finally, we quantitatively compare Loupe's performance against alternative approaches. The results indicate that Loupe is effective and efficient in enabling accurate verification of P/S architectures. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
216066 | Development of high-performance, hyperfluorescence oleds for use in display applications and solid state lighting | The overall goal of the HyperOLED project is to develop materials and matching device architectures for high-performance, hyperfluorescence organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for use in display applications and solid state lighting. The innovative OLEDs will be realised by combining thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecular hosts with novel shielded fluorescence emitters, targeting saturated blue emission of very high efficiency, especially at high-brightness levels. Further efficiency gains will be achieved through molecular alignment to enhance light outcoupling from the hyperfluorescence OLEDs. Using shielded emitters will enable simpler device structures to be used, keeping drive voltages low to be compatible with low voltage CMOS back plane electronics. This will enable demonstration of the concept’s feasibility for high-brightness, full-colour OLED microdisplays as one application example.
To develop the hyperfluorescence OLEDs, the following scientific and technical objectives will be targeted:
• Objective 1: Develop shielded emitters
• Objective 2: Develop TADF hosts
• Objective 3: Photo-physically characterise the shielded emitters and TADF hosts
• Objective 4: Anisotropic molecular orientation for enhanced performance
• Objective 5: Design and test prototype hyperfluorescence OLEDs
• Objective 6: Fabricate and evaluate demonstration hyperfluorescence microdisplays
To show the project’s overall goal has been achieved, multiple blue and white stack unit prototypes (2 x 2 mm² on 30x30mm glass substrates with ITO) will be integrated into a high-brightness microdisplay demonstrator (based on MICROOLED’s 0.38’’ WVGA CMOS backplane) and tested that demonstrate significant improvements in functionality, performance, manufacturability and reliability. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
227845 | MASC: Materials that Impose Architecture within Stem Cell Populations | This proposal aims to harness breakthroughs in polymer science, nanotechnology and materials processing to create new classes of materials that mimic the architecture of the human body. The materials will be exploited to tackle grand challenges in stem cell science and in the development of new biomaterials that promote regeneration. The human body uses materials to impose architecture on populations of cells within developing or regenerating tissues. Architectural components of these tissues include three-dimensional spatial and temporal patterns of growth factors, spatial arrangements of multiple cell types and modulation of local elasticity. Orchestration of these architectural features is essential in the precise control of stem cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis in vivo. This ERC Grant will create new classes of biomaterials that bridge the gap between the exquisite control of architecture in the developing human body and the crude structure imposed on cell populations in vitro during cell culture and biomaterials-assisted tissue repair. The research programme is organised into 2 major strands: TOOLS and DEMONSTRATORS. Within TOOLS, new materials and techniques will be invented that represent a step-change in our ability to impose architecture on stem cell populations in vitro. Within DEMONSTRATORS, 3 grand challenges in healthcare and stem cell science will be addressed through demonstrations that synthetic materials can be designed to match the architecture of our developing bodies. This interdisciplinary project will be undertaken by a team of interdisciplinary scientists within the Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM). To undertake this research project help from collaborators across Europe is required. Existing and new collaborations will ensure that the most advanced materials science and stem cell biology is exploited to create world leading tools that radically change regenerative medicine. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1002/adma.201300256 | Modifying native nanocellulose aerogels with carbon nanotubes for mechanoresponsive conductivity and pressure sensing | Mechanically excellent native cellulose nanofibers that are cleaved from plant cell walls have been modified by functionalized few-walled carbon nanotubes for hybrid nanofiber/nanotube aerogels. They show elastic mechanical behavior in combination with reversible electrical response under compression allowing responsive conductivity and pressure sensing. The concept combines wide availability of nanocellulosics and electrical functionality of carbon nanotubes synergistically. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1007/s00262-016-1818-5 | Anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies and adoptive T cell therapy: a perfect marriage? | CD137(4-1BB) costimulation and adoptive T cell therapy strongly synergize in terms of achieving maximal efficacy against experimental cancers. These costimulatory biological functions of CD137 have been exploited by means of introducing the CD137 signaling domain in clinically successful chimeric antigen receptors and to more efficiently expand T cells in culture. In addition, immunomagnetic sorting of CD137-positive T cells among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes selects for the fittest antitumor T lymphocytes for subsequent cultures. In mouse models, co-infusion of both agonist antibodies and T cells attains marked synergistic effects that result from more focused and intense cytolytic activity visualized under in vivo microscopy and from more efficient entrance of T cells into the tumor through the vasculature. These several levels of dynamic interaction between adoptive T cell therapy and CD137 offer much opportunity to raise the efficacy of current cancer immunotherapies. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1515/zkri-2016-1949 | High-quality structures at high pressure? Insights from inclusions in diamonds | We describe the experimental protocols necessary to measure the crystal structures of minerals trapped within diamonds by single-crystal X-ray diffraction to the same quality as obtained from minerals studied at ambient conditions. The results show that corrections for X-ray absorption in complex cases can be made with good precision. Comparison of the refined structure of a single-crystal olivine inclusion inside a diamond with the structure of a similar olivine held in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell shows that data resolution, not the correction for absorption effects, is the dominant factor in influencing the quality of structures determined at high pressures by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1083/jcb.201202012 | Localization of Usher 1 proteins to the photoreceptor calyceal processes, which are absent from mice | The mechanisms underlying retinal dystrophy in Usher syndrome type I (USH1) remain unknown because mutant mice lacking any of the USH1 proteins—myosin VIIa, harmonin, cadherin-23, protocadherin-15, sans—do not display retinal degeneration. We found here that, in macaque photoreceptor cells, all USH1 proteins colocalized at membrane interfaces (i) between the inner and outer segments in rods and (ii) between the microvillus-like calyceal processes and the outer segment basolateral region in rods and cones. This pattern, conserved in humans and frogs, was mediated by the formation of an USH1 protein network, which was associated with the calyceal processes from the early embryonic stages of outer segment growth onwards. By contrast, mouse photoreceptors lacked calyceal processes and had no USH1 proteins at the inner–outer segment interface. We suggest that USH1 proteins form an adhesion belt around the basolateral region of the photoreceptor outer segment in humans, and that defects in this structure cause the retinal degeneration in USH1 patients. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
267686 | Reliable Lifelong Navigation for Mobile Robots | Our goal is to develop the fundamental approaches required to design mobile robot systems that can reliably operate over extended periods of time in dynamically changing environments. To achieve this, robots need the ability to learn and update appropriate models of their environment including the dynamic aspects and to effectively incorporate all the information into their decision-making processes. The time is ripe for the next step in navigation: the algorithms for state estimation and navigation in static environments have reached a high level of sophistication and the underlying models and learning algorithms are well-understood. Our goal is to take these approaches further and to develop effective and object-oriented three-dimensional representations, that cover all aspects of the dynamic environment required for reliable and long-term mobile robot navigation. The outcome of this research will be relevant for all applications that are based on autonomous navigation in real-world scenarios including autonomous robots, mobile manipulation, transportation systems, or autonomous cars. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1130/g47320.1 | Efficient preservation of young terrestrial organic carbon in sandy turbidity-current deposits | Burial of terrestrial biospheric particulate organic carbon in marine sediments removes CO2 from the atmosphere, regulating climate over geologic time scales. Rivers deliver terrestrial organic carbon to the sea, while turbidity currents transport river sediment further offshore. Previous studies have suggested that most organic carbon resides in muddy marine sediment. However, turbidity currents can carry a significant component of coarser sediment, which is commonly assumed to be organic carbon poor. Here, using data from a Canadian fjord, we show that young woody debris can be rapidly buried in sandy layers of turbidity current deposits (turbidites). These layers have organic carbon contents 10× higher than the overlying mud layer, and overall, woody debris makes up >70% of the organic carbon preserved in the deposits. Burial of woody debris in sands overlain by mud caps reduces their exposure to oxygen, increasing organic carbon burial efficiency. Sandy turbidity current channels are common in fjords and the deep sea; hence we suggest that previous global organic carbon burial budgets may have been underestimated. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
307161 | Hunting for high performance energy storage in batteries | One of the great challenges of this century is unquestionably energy storage. Storage is essential to make more efficient use of renewable energy sources and to enable electrical mobility. Recent developments have raised both hopes and fundamental challenges in the next generation Li batteries (including Li-ion and Li-air/Li-sulphur). Despite large research efforts, the improvement of battery performance over the last decades has been relatively small because the full potential of the storage materials is not utilized. Most of the attention has been devoted to the development of new electrode materials; however, marginal understanding has been achieved of the functioning of these materials in electrodes. The key problem is that established micro and macroscopic methods are not sensitive to the relevant time and length scales under the required in-situ conditions. Moreover, up to date calculational models do not represent the full complexity of the electrode systems.
Using novel experimental and calculational approaches this project aims at fundamental understanding and improvement of Li electrodes. This requires a broad multidisciplinary approach, ranging from nuclear magnetic resonance probing nanoscopic charge transfer to in-situ neutron depth profiling exploring the mesoscopic charge transport. Calculations will combine the complex solid state diffusion in storage materials with the mesoscopic charge transport through the electrodes. By systematic variation of the electrode micro and nanostructure, this will lead to deep fundamental understanding. This project will be the first major systematic study on the fundamentals of complete electrodes. By bringing our current understanding from the level of the storage material towards complete electrodes, it will also pave the way to optimal high performance energy storage in batteries. The impact on society cannot be overstated as energy storage is a key enabler for the use of renewable energy and electrical transport. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2795067035 | Formation and evaluation of machinebuilding enterprises’ value added chain of production | Within the framework of the conducted study of the features of the creation and distribution of gross value added, a chain of creation of value added of the machine-building industry has been formed, which allowed to identify the composition and position in the chain of different participants. The study of interconnections in the chain of value added of the machine-building industry showed that metallurgical enterprises play a dominant role in it; therefore, one of the main factors, determining the profitability of a business, is the availability of raw materials for production. In order to increase the competitiveness of machine-building enterprises in the domestic and foreign markets in the context of trade with EU countries, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of the production chain of value added. When evaluating the management of value added chain, it is necessary to take into account that the structure of value added of enterprises may differ, even if the composition of the activities in the chain, range, production volume will not change. The methodical approach to the evaluation of the creation chain of value added of the machine-building industry is offered, which includes the following steps: the formation of a system of indicators for assessing the efficiency of the value chain, the calculation of integral indicators for each group, the definition of the achieved value by the enterprise and management of value added over the relevant period based on the value integral indicator. The proposed methodological approach on the basis of calculation of the integral index allows not only to carry out a generalized comparative assessment of the performance of an individual enterprise for the relevant period, but also provides the opportunity to conduct a multidimensional comparative analysis of the performance of several enterprises, operating in one industry. The use of this methodological approach will reveal the most productive links in the value added chain in the engineering industry, which will increase the efficiency of creating value added of machine building products and competitive advantages both on the domestic and foreign markets in terms of trade with EU countries. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2121697636 | Imaging recognition events between human IgG and rat anti-human IgG by atomic force microscopy | Chemically immobilized rat anti-human immunoglobulin (IgG) monolayers on thiols modified gold substrates were fabricated using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) method. The antibody monolayers were imaged before and after free human IgG treated, whilst recognition events between antigen and antibody were monitored by contact mode atomic force microscopy (CM-AFM) and tapping mode AFM (TM-AFM), with topographic and/or phase images being recorded. The obtained images with different surface compositions show distinct nanostructures, indicating occurrence of recognition and binding events of antigen-antibody. The size of the observed surface structures of the antibody monolayer, when tip broaden effect had been taken into account, was very close to the actual size of the antibody molecule. Thus, these results suggest CM-AFM is capable of, and proven satisfactory in detecting protein-protein interactions (PPIs), providing the sample was prepared appropriately and the scanning parameters were set adequately. Moreover, phase imaging can serve as a real time contrast enhancement technique to TM-AFM in terms of highlighting edges and clearly observing fine features. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms3295 | Cooling-by-measurement and mechanical state tomography via pulsed optomechanics | Observing a physical quantity without disturbing it is a key capability for the control of individual quantum systems. Such back-action-evading or quantum non-demolition measurements were first introduced in the 1970s for gravitational wave detection, and now such techniques are an indispensable tool throughout quantum science. Here we perform measurements of the position of a mechanical oscillator using pulses of light with a duration much shorter than a period of mechanical motion. Utilizing this back-action-evading interaction, we demonstrate state preparation and full state tomography of the mechanical motional state. We have reconstructed states with a position uncertainty reduced to 19 pm, limited by the quantum fluctuations of the optical pulse, and we have performed 'cooling-by-measurement' to reduce the mechanical mode temperature from an initial 1,100 to 16 K. Future improvements to this technique will allow for quantum squeezing of mechanical motion, even from room temperature, and reconstruction of non-classical states exhibiting negative phase-space quasi-probability. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1209/0295-5075/119/44001 | Effects Of Nanoparticles On The Dynamic Morphology Of Electrified Jets | We investigate the effects of nanoparticles on the onset of varicose and whipping instabilities in the dynamics of electrified jets. In particular, we show that the non-linear interplay between the mass of the nanoparticles and electrostatic instabilities, gives rise to qualitative changes of the dynamic morphology of the jet, which in turn, drastically affect the final deposition pattern in electrospinning experiments. It is also shown that even a tiny amount of excess mass, of the order of a few percent, may more than double the radius of the electrospun fiber, with substantial implications for the design of experiments involving electrified jets as well as spun organic fibers. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
323899 | Authoritarianism in a Global Age: Controlling Information and Communication, Association and People Movement | The overarching research question of this project is: how is authoritarian rule affected by and responding to globalisation of (a) information and communication, (b) association, and (c) people movement? The wholly unpredicted series of revolts that recently spread across the Arab world suggests that the nature and sustainability of contemporary authoritarian rule are not well-understood. Openness to global ICT and media, international NGOs, and inflow and outflow of people have thrown up new challenges for authoritarian rulers in terms of how to control citizens. This project investigates changes in both the nature and the sustainability of authoritarian rule in relation to the erosion of decision-making autonomy at the state level posited by globalisation theorists.
In four sub-projects, this project will investigate:
1. Whether, how and to what extent globalisation of information and communication, association, and people movement affect authoritarian persistence (longitudinal quantitative study, 1970-2011)
2. How, i.e. with what policy mechanisms, authoritarian states respond to globalisation of information and communication, association, and people movement (qualitative multi-sited studies relating to Belarus, China, Iran and Zimbabwe)
3. How to understand the phenomenon of subnational authoritarianism in its engagement with the democratic state and the wider world in relation to information and communication, association, and people movement (mixed method subnational studies of states within India and Mexico)
4. What authoritarianism is in a global age: reconsidering authoritarianism’s defining characteristics of low accountability and high coercion, and whether these still relate exclusively to statehood (theory study)
The project will transcend the theoretical and empirical separation between globalisation studies (which have neglected authoritarian contexts) and authoritarianism studies(which have taken relatively little notice of effects of globalisation) | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.027 | Multiscale Structuring of the E. coli Chromosome by Nucleoid-Associated and Condensin Proteins | As in eukaryotes, bacterial genomes are not randomly folded. Bacterial genetic information is generally carried on a circular chromosome with a single origin of replication from which two replication forks proceed bidirectionally toward the opposite terminus region. Here, we investigate the higher-order architecture of the Escherichia coli genome, showing its partition into two structurally distinct entities by a complex and intertwined network of contacts: the replication terminus (ter) region and the rest of the chromosome. Outside of ter, the condensin MukBEF and the ubiquitous nucleoid-associated protein (NAP) HU promote DNA contacts in the megabase range. Within ter, the MatP protein prevents MukBEF activity, and contacts are restricted to ∼280 kb, creating a domain with distinct structural properties. We also show how other NAPs contribute to nucleoid organization, such as H-NS, which restricts short-range interactions. Combined, these results reveal the contributions of major evolutionarily conserved proteins in a bacterial chromosome organization. Contacts within the E. coli chromosome effectively divide it into functionally distinct structural regions. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
682782 | From bond breaking to material failure in soft polymer networks | The microscopic mechanisms that lead to mechanical failure of soft polymer materials are still poorly understood. The main reason for this is a lack of experimental tools to prepare well-controlled model systems and to observe the failure process in real time at the microscopic scale. Here, I propose to fill this gap by taking a multidisciplinary approach that combines innovative chemical tools with state-of-the art physical experiments and modelling. Previous work in my group has led to the development of polymer networks with extremely well-controlled architecture and bond strength, and of various tools to study their structure and mechanics. Here, I will take advantage of this expertise to systematically unravel the microscopic physics of failure of polymer networks.
To visualize how the failure process proceeds, we will make use of recently developed mechanosensors, molecules that change colour in response to a force or that emit light when they break. These chemical tools will allow us to map in real time the spatial distribution of both strains and bond rupture events. Together with computer simulations carried out in parallel, this will give us unprecedented insight in the microscopic processes that occur during failure of the material, from the very first bonds that rupture, to the gradual accumulation of damage, all the way to macroscopic failure. We will use this to address the following unresolved questions about failure of polymer networks:
1. What is the microscopic mechanism that leads to delayed failure of polymer networks at subcritical loads?
2. How does the initiation of failure depend on the material's heterogeneity?
3. How does failure occur in a network with transient (viscoelastic) bonds?
The project will not only provide detailed insight in the physics of failure of polymer networks, but it will also shed light on fracture physics in general. Finally, it will help material scientists to design new materials with superior properties. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
interreg_1751 | INformation DEvelopment | The aim of the Information Development project (INDE) was to assist the candidate countries belonging to the CADSES area in developing instruments for transnational co-operation and in finding out solutions for the problems related to the enlargement process. Co-operation is the key factor for the development of the CADSES area and helps to balance economic and social disadvantages related to the enlargement process by creating new job opportunities. The main strategic objectives of the project were to identify the requirements and conditions to spread productive clusters and local systems of SMEs in the involved geographical area, to strengthen sustainable development, to co-operate between intermediary institutions, to create SMEs assistance centres through public-private partnerships with a strong territorial and/or sectoral scope providing basic and specialised services to business, and to develop methods of territorial and sectoral marketing for promoting access to knowledge and exchange of products to be supplied to the information society. The activities of the project were divided into five work packages: - The first work package contained all the actions concerning the macro-economic analysis of the CADSES area. - The second work package aimed at establishing a technological infrastructure in order to improve the collaboration and integration between different regions. One of the main actions of this work package was the creation of the www.cavirc.net platform. - The third work package contained actions related to the diffusion of e-networks in order to develop competition, e.g. with www.interegionet.net. - The fourth work package aimed at promoting the courses offered by the project partner 6, IAL, that organised traineeships and workshops and supported the participants with special technical assistance. - The final work package contained actions related to the dissemination of the information on the enlargement process. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1111/geb.12611 | Using n-dimensional hypervolumes for species distribution modelling: A response to Qiao et al. () | Hypervolume approaches are used to quantify functional diversity and quantify environmental niches for species distribution modelling. Recently, Qiao et al. () criticized our geometrical kernel density estimation (KDE) method for measuring hypervolumes. They used a simulation analysis to argue that the method yields high error rates and makes biased estimates of fundamental niches. Here, we show that (a) KDE output depends in useful ways on dataset size and bias, (b) other species distribution modelling methods make equally stringent but different assumptions about dataset bias, (c) simulation results presented by Qiao et al. () were incorrect, with revised analyses showing performance comparable to other methods, and (d) hypervolume methods are more general than KDE and have other benefits for niche modelling. As a result, our KDE method remains a promising tool for species distribution modelling. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1093/molbev/msw210 | Reconstruction of haplotype-blocks selected during experimental evolution | The genetic analysis of experimentally evolving populations typically relies on short reads from pooled individuals (PoolSeq). While this method provides reliable allele frequency estimates, the underlying haplotype structure remains poorly characterized. With small population sizes and adaptive variants that start from low frequencies, the interpretation of selection signatures in most Evolve and Resequencing studies remains challenging. To facilitate the characterization of selection targets, we propose a new approach that reconstructs selected haplotypes from replicated time series, using Pool-Seq data. We identify selected haplotypes through the correlated frequencies of alleles carried by them. Computer simulations indicate that selected haplotype-blocks of several Mb can be reconstructed with high confidence and low error rates, even when allele frequencies change only by 20% across three replicates. Applying this method to real data from D. melanogaster populations adapting to a hot environment, we identify a selected haplotype-block of 6. 93Mb. We confirm the presence of this haplotype-block in evolved populations by experimental haplotyping, demonstrating the power and accuracy of our haplotype reconstruction from Pool-Seq data. We propose that the combination of allele frequency estimates with haplotype information will provide the key to understanding the dynamics of adaptive alleles. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2481580260 | Design of a new rotary molecular machine based on nitrogen inversion: a DFT investigation | Ab initio calculations are employed to investigate nitrogen inversion as a configuration change that can supply an extremely useful switchable control mechanism for some complex systems. In this paper, the design of a new artificial rotary molecular machine based on nitrogen inversion is discussed. The introduced design of a molecular rotator is based on the reciprocating motion of a substituent due to the inversion phenomenon, leading to the rotary motion in the molecule. Since simple secondary amines easily face the inversion process at room temperature, aziridine is selected as the initial driver for the molecular motion. The most obvious finding from this study is that, following the displacement of the substituent attached to the aziridine nitrogen atom, two rotary motions occurr in the molecule, one clockwise and another counterclockwise with a 39.52° to 150.09° angle domain. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W1864872593 | Endoprothetischer Ersatz des radialen Pfeilers nach Trauma | Non-displaced fractures of the radius head are in most cases treated conservatively. Open reduction and anatomical internal fixation of displaced radius head fractures is the method of choice. In comminuted fractures of the radius head (Mason type III and type IV) replacement with a radius head prosthesis achieves joint stability and prevents secondary complications, such as valgus elbow deformity and proximal radial migration. Modern anatomically formed prostheses show promising results in the medium-term view. Typical complications after radius head replacement are limited range of motion in the elbow joint, arthritis of the capitulum and heterotopic ossifications. In cases of capitulum arthritis, capitulum prostheses were developed to resurface the lateral compartment of the elbow joint. Short-term results are encouraging with improvements in pain and range of movement. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.3390/cells7090114 | Impact of Biomaterials on Differentiation and Reprogramming Approaches for the Generation of Functional Cardiomyocytes | The irreversible loss of functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) after myocardial infarction (MI) represents one major barrier to heart regeneration and functional recovery. The combination of different cell sources and different biomaterials have been investigated to generate CMs by differentiation or reprogramming approaches although at low efficiency. This critical review article discusses the role of biomaterial platforms integrating biochemical instructive cues as a tool for the effective generation of functional CMs. The report firstly introduces MI and the main cardiac regenerative medicine strategies under investigation. Then, it describes the main stem cell populations and indirect and direct reprogramming approaches for cardiac regenerative medicine. A third section discusses the main techniques for the characterization of stem cell differentiation and fibroblast reprogramming into CMs. Another section describes the main biomaterials investigated for stem cell differentiation and fibroblast reprogramming into CMs. Finally, a critical analysis of the scientific literature is presented for an efficient generation of functional CMs. The authors underline the need for biomimetic, reproducible and scalable biomaterial platforms and their integration with external physical stimuli in controlled culture microenvironments for the generation of functional CMs. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Materials Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
242934 | The role of heterochromatin enzymes on the biology of their targets | The control of DNA based processes in biology is crucial for an organism s life, development, reproduction and evolution. In fact, deregulation of gene expression, of the replication program, of DNA repair or recombination has often disastrous consequences. The eukaryotic genome is structurally and functionally organized into chromatin by a highly complex mixture of proteins that control access to the DNA. In particular, heterochromatin proteins play a prominent role in this control. Genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology identified many players involved in eukaryotic DNA biology and provided everything we currently know about it. However the full composition of a given locus remains largely obscure and just like any object under scientific study, knowing the composition is an absolute pre-requisite for a full understanding of its features. Consequently, the nature of the interactions between chromatin structural components and DNA machineries is poorly understood and the elaboration of models from rather incompletely characterized systems can be misleading. During my post-doctorate, I have developed an unbiased approach for the in vivo purification of chromatin proteins in a locus specific manner, and I intend to apply this new technology in combination with a genetic approach. Monitoring the consequence of heterochromatin protein loss on the full composition of regulated loci will allow a deeper understanding of the role these proteins in the regulation of eukaryotic genome biology. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
interreg_972 | Digital Ecosystems - Learning Applications Network | This Project supports the INTERREG IVC Programme’s profoundly-important objective of improving the effectiveness of regional development policies for the advancement of the knowledge economy. It will result in enhanced policies for increased regional competitiveness, job creation and growth - both at project partner level and across all EU regions – via the development, deployment and exploitation of emerging, innovative information and communication technologies (ICTs) and eBusiness models such as Digital Business Ecosystems, Living Labs and Digitally-Networked Businesses (hereafter referred to collectively as “digital ecosystems” or “DEs”). This will be achieved by (a) identifying and disseminating both established and newly-emerging good practices and successful initiatives in these fields, and (b) providing an interregional Learning Applications Network which will involve key stakeholders and policy-makers and enable them to exchange experiences, knowledge and good practices.
Although the DE concept is fairly new, each of the 9 Partners involved directly in the project has specific experience of, or expertise in, different aspects of DE development and deployment. The partners, who represent a carefully-selected mix of geographical coverage, experience and networking skills, will analyse good practices both within their region and in other regions where DEs have been developed successfully, and also across a range of chosen sectors/themes, and exchange information and experiences via a planned programme of Interregional Workshops, Peer Review Visits and staff exchanges. All partners will be involved in the preparation and exchange of detailed reports, concluding with a final report summarising the way forward for each region. The Project will also include 8 regional pilot actions to assess the likely benefits of innovative ICTs and new eBusiness approaches, and to evaluate the potential for transferring good practices between sectors/regions.
| [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2052594624 | Association between Voluntary/Involuntary Job Loss and the Development of Stroke or Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Study of Middle-Aged to Older Workers in a Rapidly Developing Asian Country | The aim of this research was to investigate the association between job loss and the development of stroke or cardiovascular disease among middle-aged to older individuals in Korea. We also examined how this relationship was modified by gender and the nature of the job loss.This study used samples from the first- to fourth-wave datasets from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), which were collected in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012. The study collected data from a total of 10,254 subjects aged ≥ 45 years at baseline. After applying exclusion criteria, the final sample size for analysis consisted of 4,000 individuals. Information about employment status, development of stroke or cardiovascular disease, and covariates (age, income level, and behavioral factors) was obtained. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between voluntary/involuntary job loss and the development of stroke or cardiovascular disease. We performed these analyses separately according to disease, gender, and the nature of the job loss.Involuntary job loss significantly increased the risk of stroke or cardiovascular disease among males (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 3.560, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.055-6.168). Voluntary retirement also increased the risk of cardiovascular disease or stroke among males (adjusted HR = 2.879, 95% CI = 1.533-5.409). Job loss was more closely associated with stroke than with cardiovascular disease (stroke, adjusted HR = 6.208, 95% CI = 2.417-15.943; cardiovascular disease, adjusted HR = 2.768, 95% CI = 1.402-5.465).Our findings suggest that both voluntary retirement and involuntary job loss increase the risk for stroke or cardiovascular disease in middle-aged to older individuals, especially males. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1111/dom.12488 | Acute but not chronic activation of brain glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice | Aim: To investigate the role of brain glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in pancreatic β-cell function. Methods: To determine the role of brain GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) on β-cell function, we administered intracerebroventricular (i. c. v. ) infusions of GLP-1 or the specific GLP-1 antagonist exendin-9 (Ex-9), in both an acute and a chronic setting. Results: We observed that acute i. c. v. GLP-1 infusion potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and improves glucose tolerance, whereas central GLP-1R blockade with Ex-9 impaired glucose excursion after a glucose load. Sustained activation of central nervous system GLP-1R, however, did not produce any effect on either GSIS or glucose tolerance. Similarly, ex vivo GSIS performed in islets from mice chronically infused with i. c. v. GLP-1 resulted in no differences compared with controls. In addition, in mice fed a high-fat diet we observed that acute i. c. v. GLP-1 infusion improved glucose tolerance without changes in GSIS, while chronic GLP-1R activation had no effect on glucose homeostasis. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, under non-clamped conditions, brain GLP-1 plays a functional neuroendocrine role in the acute regulation of glucose homeostasis in both lean and obese rodents. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1039/c5cp01981h | Controlling pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen in multi-wall carbon nanotubes using precursors with different N/C ratios in aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition | The change in the N/C ratio in feedstock allows controlling nitrogen species incorporation into multi-wall carbon nanotubes during CCVD. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
893643 | Raising knowledge and developing technology for the design and deployment of high-performance power transformers immersed in biodegradable fluids “biotrafo” | The BIOTRAFO project will analyze the effect of temperature on the designs of power transformers that use biodegradable esters as coolant, the environmental and fire performance of these liquids will be also evaluated.
These machines are very common in our power distribution systems. Since electricity is generated until it reaches households, it passes through an average of four transformers. Currently the liquid used in most of these machines is a petroleum derivative, since its good performance is well known. However, the environmental awareness of many companies is demanding new transformers that are cooled by esters of natural origin. In this framework, BIOTRAFO proposes a study that allows to know the temperature in the windings of the transformer when using biodegradable liquids, which by their nature are more viscous. This temperature is a critical factor for the useful life of the transformer, due to the aging of dielectric solid materials. The aging of these materials when immersed in these liquids will also be analyzed. Not only the question will be observed from a theoretical perspective, industrial platforms will also be used to test the generated models.
The results of the research will be disseminated among specialized and non-specialized audiences, considering the commercial exploitation of the results obtained. The project will also carry out tasks of knowledge transfer generated for this purpose, the training aspects of the research personnel involved in the project will be taken care of.Finally, the management and coordination of the project will be efficiently organized.
To carry out this task, a consortium of thirteen partners has been formed, six of which do not belong to the EU. All of them have knowledge and proven experience in the field of study. Ten of the partners belong to the academic sector and three are companies. Two are manufacturers of power transformers, while the other performs diagnostic work on transformers that are in operation | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.coviro.2018.08.009 | Recent advances in computational phylodynamics | Time-stamped, trait-annotated phylogenetic trees built from virus genome data are increasingly used for outbreak investigation and monitoring ongoing epidemics. This routinely involves reconstructing the spatial and demographic processes from large data sets to help unveil the patterns and drivers of virus spread. Such phylodynamic inferences can however become quite time-consuming as the dimensions of the data increase, which has led to a myriad of approaches that aim to tackle this complexity. To elucidate the current state of the art in the field of phylodynamics, we discuss recent developments in Bayesian inference and accompanying software, highlight methods for improving computational efficiency and relevant visualisation tools. As an alternative to fully Bayesian approaches, we touch upon conditional software pipelines that compromise between statistical coherence and turn-around-time, and we highlight the available software packages. Finally, we outline future directions that may facilitate the large-scale tracking of epidemics in near real time. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W3024673636 | Cultural Tourism Routes as Incubators for Innovation and Economic Diversification: A Potential Analysis in the Framework of the New Silk Road Initiative in Azerbaijan | Abstract Cultural routes are today a widespread phenomenon throughout the Industrialized Countries (IC) and have become more and more prominent as a tool for tourism development in recent years (Flognfeldt, 2005:37; Meyer, 2004:5). For countries in the Southern Caucasus, who profit from their bridging position between Europe and Asia, the planned revival of the Ancient Silk Road (ASR) in form of the New Silk Road (NSR) offers substantial potentials for economic diversification by means of tourism as a catalyzing industry. On the case of Azerbaijan, this study analyzes the potential to trigger regional economic diversification within the existing national destination-system in a framework of route development. To this end, the methodological approach builds upon a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to diagnose the current degree of cluster maturity in the system, following the question of how Azerbaijan as a system of regional destination can access the transnational route system of the NSR. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1080/02723638.2017.1349987 | Assessing Green Gentrification In Historically Disenfranchised Neighborhoods A Longitudinal And Spatial Analysis Of Barcelona | To date, little is known about the extent to which the creation of municipal green spaces over an entire city addresses social or racial inequalities in the distribution of environmental amenities . . . | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W2167564335 | Investigation of increased listeriosis revealed two fishery production plants with persistent<i>Listeria</i>contamination in Finland in 2010 | SUMMARY In 2010, a marked increase in listeriosis incidence was observed in Finland. Listeria monocytogenes PFGE profile 96 was responsible for one-fifth of the reported cases and a cluster of PFGE profile 62 was also detected. Investigations revealed two fishery production plants with persistent Listeria contamination. It appears likely that the plants were at least partly responsible for the increase of listeriosis. Epidemiological investigation revealed that 57% (31/54) of cases with underlying immunosuppressive condition or medication reported eating gravad or cold-smoked fish. Two public notices were issued by THL and Evira informing which groups were most at risk from the effects of listeriosis and should therefore be cautious in consuming certain products. Systematic sampling of foods and adequate epidemiological investigation methods are required to identify the sources of Listeria infections. Continuous control measures at fishery production plants producing risk products are essential. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.3390/ijerph16193533 | The psychophysiological implications of soundscape: A systematic review of empirical literature and a research agenda | The soundscape is defined by the International Standard Organization (ISO) 12913-1 as the human’s perception of the acoustic environment, in context, accompanying physiological and psychological responses. Previous research is synthesized with studies designed to investigate soundscape at the ‘unconscious’ level in an effort to more specifically conceptualize biomarkers of the soundscape. This review aims firstly, to investigate the consistency of methodologies applied for the investigation of physiological aspects of soundscape; secondly, to underline the feasibility of physiological markers as biomarkers of soundscape; and finally, to explore the association between the physiological responses and the well-founded psychological components of the soundscape which are continually advancing. For this review,Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English with combinations of the keywords ‘soundscape’, ‘environmental noise/sound’, ‘physiology/physiological’, ‘psychology/psychological’, and ‘perceptual attributes/affective/subjective assessment/appraisals’. Previous research suggests that Electrocardiography (ECG) and Vectorcardiography (VCG) biometrics quantifying Heart Rate (HR), stimulus-locked experimental design, and passive listening with homogeneous populations are predominantly applied to characterize the psychophysiology underlying the soundscape. Pleasantness and arousal are the most frequent psychological descriptors for soundscape subjective appraisals. Likewise, acoustic environments are reported to inconsistently evoke physiological responses with great variability among studies. The link between the perceptual attributes and physiological responses of soundscape vary within and among existing literature. While a few studies detected a link between physiological manifestations of soundscape and the perceptual attributes, the others failed to validate this link. Additionally, the majority of the study findings were limited to one or two physiological responses. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1002/mrm.27531 | On the sensitivity of quantitative susceptibility mapping for measuring trabecular bone density | Purpose: To develop a methodological framework to simultaneously measure R2* and magnetic susceptibility in trabecularized yellow bone marrow and to investigate the sensitivity of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) for measuring trabecular bone density using a non-UTE multi-gradient echo sequence. Methods: The ankle of 16 healthy volunteers and two patients was scanned using a time-interleaved multi-gradient-echo (TIMGRE) sequence. After field mapping based on water–fat separation methods and background field removal based on the Laplacian boundary value method, three different QSM dipole inversion schemes were implemented. Mean susceptibility values in regions of different trabecular bone density in the calcaneus were compared to the corresponding values in the R2* maps, bone volume to total volume ratios (BV/TV) estimated from high resolution imaging (in 14 subjects), and CT attenuation (in two subjects). In addition, numerical simulations were performed in a simplified trabecular bone model of randomly positioned spherical bone inclusions to verify and compare the scaling of R2* and susceptibility with BV/TV. Results: Differences in calcaneus trabecularization were well depicted in susceptibility maps, in good agreement with high-resolution MR and CT images. Simulations and in vivo scans showed a linear relationship of measured susceptibility with BV/TV and R2*. The ankle in vivo results showed a strong linear correlation between susceptibility and R2* (R2 = 0. 88, p < 0. 001) with a slope and intercept of −0. 004 and 0. 2 ppm, respectively. Conclusions: A method for multi-paramteric mapping, including R2* -mapping and QSM was developed for measuring trabecularized yellow bone marrow, showing good sensitivity of QSM for measuring trabecular bone density. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1017/s0003055418000746 | Enhancing Electoral Equality: Can Education Compensate for Family Background Differences in Voting Participation? | It is well documented that voter turnout is lower among persons who grow up in families from a low socioeconomic status compared with persons from high-status families. This paper examines whether reforms in education can help reduce this gap. We establish causality by exploiting a pilot scheme preceding a large reform of Swedish upper secondary education in the early 1990s, which gave rise to exogenous variation in educational attainment between individuals living in different municipalities or born in different years. Similar to recent studies employing credible identification strategies, we fail to find a statistically significant average effect of education on political participation. We move past previous studies, however, and show that the reform nevertheless contributed to narrowing the voting gap between individuals of different social backgrounds by raising turnout among those from low socioeconomic status households. The results thus square well with other recent studies arguing that education is particularly important for uplifting politically marginalized groups. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1242/jcs.137281 | An RNAi screen identifies KIF15 as a novel regulator of the endocytic trafficking of integrin | α2β1 integrin is one of the most important collagen-binding receptors, and it has been implicated in numerous thrombotic and immune diseases. α2β1 integrin is a potent tumour suppressor, and its downregulation is associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Currently, very little is known about the mechanism that regulates the cell-surface expression and trafficking of α2β1 integrin. Here, using a quantitative fluorescence-microscopybased RNAi assay, we investigated the impact of 386 cytoskeletonassociated or-regulatory genes on α2 integrin endocytosis and found that 122 of these affected the intracellular accumulation of α2 integrin. Of these, 83 were found to be putative regulators of α2 integrin trafficking and/or expression, with no observed effect on the internalization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transferrin. Further interrogation and validation of the siRNA screen revealed a role for KIF15, a microtubule-based molecular motor, as a significant inhibitor of the endocytic trafficking of α2 integrin. Our data suggest a novel role for KIF15 in mediating plasma membrane localization of the alternative clathrin adaptor Dab2, thus impinging on pathways that regulate α2 integrin internalization. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1002/1873-3468.12372 | Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development How Divergent Are The Roads Taken | The development of the hematopoietic system during early embryonic stages occurs in spatially and temporally distinct waves. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), the most potent and self-renewing cells of this system, are produced in the final ‘definitive’ wave of hematopoietic cell generation. In contrast to HSCs in the adult, which differentiate via intermediate progenitor populations to produce functional blood cells, the generation of hematopoietic cells in the embryo prior to HSC generation occurs in the early waves by producing blood cells without intermediate progenitors (such as the ‘primitive’ hematopoietic cells). The lineage relationship between the early hematopoietic cells and the cells giving rise to HSCs, the genetic networks controlling their emergence, and the precise temporal determination of HSC fate remain topics of intense research and debate. This Review article discusses the current knowledge on the step-wise embryonic establishment of the adult hematopoietic system, examines the roles of pivotal intrinsic regulators in this process, and raises questions concerning the temporal onset of HSC fate determination. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gku212 | Large-scale analysis of tandem repeat variability in the human genome | Tandem repeats are short DNA sequences that are repeated head-to-tail with a propensity to be variable. They constitute a significant proportion of the human genome, also occurring within coding and regulatory regions. Variation in these repeats can alter the function and/or expression of genes allowing organisms to swiftly adapt to novel environments. Importantly, some repeat expansions have also been linked to certain neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, accurate sequencing of tandem repeats could contribute to our understanding of common phenotypic variability and might uncover missing genetic factors in idiopathic clinical conditions. However, despite long-standing evidence for the functional role of repeats, they are largely ignored because of technical limitations in sequencing, mapping and typing. Here, we report on a novel capture technique and data filtering protocol that allowed simultaneous sequencing of thousands of tandem repeats in the human genomes of a three generation family using GS-FLX-plus Titanium technology. Our results demonstrated that up to 7. 6% of tandem repeats in this family (4% in coding sequences) differ from the reference sequence, and identified a de novo variation in the family tree. The method opens new routes to look at this underappreciated type of genetic variability, including the identification of novel disease-related repeats. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.15252/embj.201796958 | Structural insights into transcription initiation by yeast RNA polymerase I | In eukaryotic cells, RNA polymerase I (Pol I) synthesizes precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) that is subsequently processed into mature rRNA. To initiate transcription, Pol I requires the assembly of a multi-subunit pre-initiation complex (PIC) at the ribosomal RNA promoter. In yeast, the minimal PIC includes Pol I, the transcription factor Rrn3, and Core Factor (CF) composed of subunits Rrn6, Rrn7, and Rrn11. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the 18-subunit yeast Pol I PIC bound to a transcription scaffold. The cryo-EM map reveals an unexpected arrangement of the DNA and CF subunits relative to Pol I. The upstream DNA is positioned differently than in any previous structures of the Pol II PIC. Furthermore, the TFIIB-related subunit Rrn7 also occupies a different location compared to the Pol II PIC although it uses similar interfaces as TFIIB to contact DNA. Our results show that although general features of eukaryotic transcription initiation are conserved, Pol I and Pol II use them differently in their respective transcription initiation complexes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1080/00268976.2015.1051151 | Direct Calculation Of Distortion Energies In Colloidal Liquid Crystals From Single Particle Data | We report a method to calculate distortion energies of a colloidal liquid crystal from single-particle data via a triangulation of the particle positions followed by a linear interpolation of the particle orientations. Our method provides local information on the strength and type of distortions present in a liquid crystal. We validate our method by applying it to artificially generated data and show that the results are in good agreement with exact calculations of the distortion energy. We further illustrate our method by using it on laser scanning confocal microscopy images of the nematic phase of fd-virus particles in wedge-shaped microfluidics channels. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
615458 | Highly Multiplexed Affinity Proteomics for Point of Care Diagnostics | The main objective is the development of highly multiplexed affinity proteomics tools for point of care diagnostics. Enabled by the world's largest resource of antibodies to human protein targets generated within the framework of the Human Protein Atlas program, the aim of this application is to develop new concepts in translational medical research to allow dramatic improvement in performance and accessibility of point of care tests in both high and low resource clinical settings in infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions and several cancers. To achieve the goal, developments will be made in 1) detection principles and sample preparation, 2) rapid and low cost protein microarrays assays and 3) novel amplification strategies. Strategies will be developed to for the first time enable highly multiplexed sandwich detection across the analytical range of the plasma proteome. Four different novel microarray formats amenable for point of care are presented that each will allow dramatically improved multiplexity and high performance. Different types of new multifunctional silica/gold nanoparticles exhibiting combinations of magnetic, fluorescent, electro-active, enzymatic and optical qualities that will allow deterministic actuation and multimodal detection options will be synthesized and applied for exquisite sensitivity and rapid detection. Following the technology development, developed assay systems will be implemented for full plasma proteome analysis and in the three clinical areas: infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions and cancers. Collaborations with clinical researchers in all the relevant fields have already been established. In theses clinical fields, a body of previous research efforts has shown that highly multiplexed plasma analysis may dramatically improve diagnostic accuracy, and it is here that the novel comprehensive point of care systems presented in this proposal may conceivably create the largest impact for patients and health care systems. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/522/1/012042 | Quantitative Electron Tomography Of Rubber Composites | Rubber composite materials have many applications, one example being tyre manufacture. The presence of a filler material in the composite (such as carbon black or silica) causes its mechanical properties to differ in several ways when compared to pure rubber such as viscoelastic behaviour (the Payne effect), increased tensile strength and improved wear resistance. To fully understand these properties, it is necessary to characterise how the filler material is organised on the nanoscale. Using composite materials representative of those found in tyres, this work illustrates the use of electron tomography and machine learning methods as tools to describe the percolation behaviour of the filler; in this case, we focus on the largest proportion of particles absorbed into one single object as a function of particle spacing. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2137123222 | PERFORMANCE OF MULITPLE LINEAR REGRESSION AND NONLINEAR NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC TECHNIQUES IN MODELLING HOUSE PRICES | House price prediction continues to be important fo r government agencies insurance companies and real estate industry. This study investigates the perfor mance of house sales price models based on linear a nd non-linear approaches to study the effects of selec ted variables. Linear stepwise Multivariate Regress ion (MR) and nonlinear models of Neural Network (NN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy (ANFIS) are developed and compared. The GIS methods are used to integrate the data for the study area (Bathurst, Australia). While it was expected that the nonlinear methods wo uld be much better the analysis shows NN and ANFIS are only slightly better than MR suggesting q uestions about high R 2 often found in the literature. While structural data and macro-finance variables m ay contribute to higher R 2 performance comparison was the goal of this study and besides the Australi an data lacked structural elements. The results sho w that MR model could be improved. Also, the land value and location explained at best about 45% of the sale price variation. The analysis of price forecasts ( within the 10% range of the actual prediction) on average revealed that the non-linear models perform ed slightly better (29%) than the linear (26%). Th e inclusion of social data improves the MR prediction in most of the suburbs. The suburbs analysis shows the importance of socially based locations and also variance due to types of housing dominant. In general terms of R 2 , the NN model (0.45) performed only slightly bette r than ANFIS 0.39) and better than MR (0.37); but the linear MRsoc performed bett er (0.42). In suburb level, the NN model (7/15) performed better than ANFIS (3/15) but the linear M R (5/15) was better than ANFIS. The improved linear MR (6/15) performed nearly as well as the no n-linear NN. Linear methods appear to just as precise as the the more time consuming non linear methods in most cases for accounting for the differences and variation. However, when a much more in depth analysis is required non linear methods may prove to be more valuable. More research is nee ded in the area of house price modelling including more structural elements, modern buyer beliefs and the nature and type of risks noted in modern times. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1145/2911996.2912073 | Semi Supervised Identification Of Rarely Appearing Persons In Video By Correcting Weak Labels | Some recent approaches for character identification in movies and TV broadcasts are realized in a semi-supervised manner by assigning transcripts and/or subtitles to the speakers. However, the labels obtained in this way achieve only an accuracy of $80\% - 90\%$ and the number of training examples for the different actors is unevenly distributed. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for person identification in video by correcting and extending the training data with reliable predictions to reduce the number of annotation errors. Furthermore, the intra-class diversity of rarely speaking characters is enhanced. To address the imbalance of training data per person, we suggest two complementary prediction scores. These scores are also used to recognize whether or not a face track belongs to a (supporting) character whose identity does not appear in the transcript etc. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, outperforming the current state of the art. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0216705 | Ciliacarta: An integrated and validated compendium of ciliary genes | The cilium is an essential organelle at the surface of mammalian cells whose dysfunction causes a wide range of genetic diseases collectively called ciliopathies. The current rate at which new ciliopathy genes are identified suggests that many ciliary components remain undiscovered. We generated and rigorously analyzed genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic and evolutionary data and systematically integrated these using Bayesian statistics into a predictive score for ciliary function. This resulted in 285 candidate ciliary genes. We generated independent experimental evidence of ciliary associations for 24 out of 36 analyzed candidate proteins using multiple cell and animal model systems (mouse, zebrafish and nematode) and techniques. For example, we show that OSCP1, which has previously been implicated in two distinct non-ciliary processes, causes ciliogenic and ciliopathy-associated tissue phenotypes when depleted in zebrafish. The candidate list forms the basis of CiliaCarta, a comprehensive ciliary compendium covering 956 genes. The resource can be used to objectively prioritize candidate genes in whole exome or genome sequencing of ciliopathy patients and can be accessed at http://bioinformatics. bio. uu. nl/john/syscilia/ciliacarta/. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
176718 | Active surface processes on mars: a laboratory, field and remote sensing study | This study will identify and analyse ongoing geological activity across the whole of Mars in the form of the changing morphology of kilometre-scale “classical gullies” (Fig. 1). From this, we aim to determine whether these changes are caused by the action of liquid water, or dry frost (water or carbon dioxide). Such a study addresses key questions of ongoing martian habitability, planetary protection (i.e. limiting access for future missions to possible ‘wet’ environments) and current climate. Jan Raack, the Experienced Researcher (ER), has just published a study of one such gully: this can be used as a methodological template for a more ambitious project.
The core of the project is a global search for change in martian gullies using 25cm/pixel HiRISE images. Thermal and spectral data will be used to determine the types of volatiles that are present as changes occur, thus constraining the triggering mechanism for flow. The core task is supported by Earth-based field work and laboratory experiments using a Mars simulation chamber. This multidisciplinary approach, combining remote sensing, field, and laboratory work is a powerful methodology, and also provides great skills development for the ER.
Significant outreach and communication activities are a vital part of the project. We will use a variety of media (blogs, Twitter, conference presentations, press-releases of papers etc.), and also apply to the UK Royal Society to be part of the annual Summer Science Exhibition. Preparing for the proposal and the exhibition will provide a key learning experience for the ER, and develop proposal writing, public communication and project management skills.
The three key outcomes of the project will be two peer-reviewed papers describing the distribution and triggering mechanism of martian gullies based on a synthesis of field, remote sensing and laboratory studies, and the Exhibition at the Royal Society, where the project results will be communicated to thousands people. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1111/jnc.14601 | Epigenetic cues modulating the generation of cell-type diversity in the cerebral cortex | The cerebral cortex is composed of a large variety of distinct cell-types including projection neurons, interneurons, and glial cells which emerge from distinct neural stem cell lineages. The vast majority of cortical projection neurons and certain classes of glial cells are generated by radial glial progenitor cells in a highly orchestrated manner. Recent studies employing single cell analysis and clonal lineage tracing suggest that neural stem cell and radial glial progenitor lineage progression are regulated in a profound deterministic manner. In this review we focus on recent advances based mainly on correlative phenotypic data emerging from functional genetic studies in mice. We establish hypotheses to test in future research and outline a conceptual framework how epigenetic cues modulate the generation of cell-type diversity during cortical development. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1109/TTHZ.2017.2760105 | Gain And Noise In Thz Mgb2 Hot Electron Bolometer Mixers With A 30 K Critical Temperature | In this paper, we study variation of the MgB2 hot-electron bolometer mixer characteristics such as noise temperature, gain, output noise, and local oscillator (LO) power at 5-, 15-, and 20-K bath temperatures, and at 0. 69- and 1. 63-THz LO frequencies. The main reason for the noise temperature rising at higher temperatures is a reduction of the mixer gain, which occurs proportionally to the LO power reduction. Contrary to this, the output noise remains constant (for the same bias point). | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/acs.joc.7b00934 | Perfluoroalkylation of Aryl-N,N-dimethyl Hydrazones Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents or Perfluoroalkyl Iodides | Radical trifluoromethylation of aryl N,N-dimethyl hydrazones using TBAI as an initiator and Togni's reagent as a trifluoromethyl radical source is described. Cascades proceed via electron-catalysis; this approach is generally more applicable to hydrazone perfluoroalkylation using perfluoroalkyl iodides as the radical precursors in combination with a base under visible-light initiation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1109/LCOMM.2013.030413.122841 | Baseband Radio Over Fiber Aided Millimeter Wave Distributed Antenna For Optical Wireless Integration | A Baseband Radio Over Fiber (BROF) architecture is proposed, where upto four Radio Frequency (RF) carriers can be generated, while using the heterodyne photo-detection of only two optical signals. This proposed BROF architecture has a star-like structure and it is composed of six Radio Access Units (RAUs), where data is transmitted from the Central Unit (CU) to the Base Station (BS) and from the BS to the RAU over a distance of 20 Km and 0. 3 Km, respectively, at a rate of 768 Mbps. The performance of the system supporting four carrier frequencies drops by at most 1dB, at a BER of 10-9, compared to conventional heterodyne photo-detection. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1073/PNAS.1809378115 | Nanomagnetic Properties Of The Meteorite Cloudy Zone | Meteorites contain a record of their thermal and magnetic history, written in the intergrowths of iron-rich and nickel-rich phases that formed during slow cooling. Of intense interest from a magnetic perspective is the “cloudy zone,” a nanoscale intergrowth containing tetrataenite—a naturally occurring hard ferromagnetic mineral that has potential applications as a sustainable alternative to rare-earth permanent magnets. Here we use a combination of high-resolution electron diffraction, electron tomography, atom probe tomography (APT), and micromagnetic simulations to reveal the 3D architecture of the cloudy zone with subnanometer spatial resolution and model the mechanism of remanence acquisition during slow cooling on the meteorite parent body. Isolated islands of tetrataenite are embedded in a matrix of an ordered superstructure. The islands are arranged in clusters of three crystallographic variants, which control how magnetic information is encoded into the nanostructure. The cloudy zone acquires paleomagnetic remanence via a sequence of magnetic domain state transformations (vortex to two domain to single domain), driven by Fe–Ni ordering at 320 ○C. Rather than remanence being recorded at different times at different positions throughout the cloudy zone, each subregion of the cloudy zone records a coherent snapshot of the magnetic field that was present at 320 ○C. Only the coarse and intermediate regions of the cloudy zone are found to be suitable for paleomagnetic applications. The fine regions, on the other hand, have properties similar to those of rare-earth permanent magnets, providing potential routes to synthetic tetrataenite-based magnetic materials. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1017/prm.2019.21 | Fullness of crossed products of factors by discrete groups | AbstractLet M be an arbitrary factor and $\sigma : \Gamma \curvearrowright M$ an action of a discrete group. In this paper, we study the fullness of the crossed product $M \rtimes _\sigma \Gamma $. When Γ is amenable, we obtain a complete characterization: the crossed product factor $M \rtimes _\sigma \Gamma $ is full if and only if M is full and the quotient map $\overline {\sigma } : \Gamma \rightarrow {\rm out}(M)$ has finite kernel and discrete image. This answers the question of Jones from [11]. When M is full and Γ is arbitrary, we give a sufficient condition for $M \rtimes _\sigma \Gamma $ to be full which generalizes both Jones' criterion and Choda's criterion. In particular, we show that if M is any full factor (possibly of type III) and Γ is a non-inner amenable group, then the crossed product $M \rtimes _\sigma \Gamma $ is full. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.shpsa.2015.07.003 | Expertise revisited, Part II: Contributory expertise | In Part I of this two part paper we tried to elicit the 'essence' of the notion of interactional expertise by looking at its origins. In Part II we will look at the notion of contributory expertise. The exercise has been triggered by recent discussion of these concepts in this journal by Plaisance and Kennedy and by Goddiksen. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
817762 | Foundations for Higher and Curved Noncommutative Algebraic Geometry | With this research programme, inspired by open problems within noncommutative algebraic geometry (NCAG) as well as by actual developments in algebraic topology, it is our aim to lay out new foundations for NCAG. On the one hand, the categorical approach to geometry put forth in NCAG has seen a wide range of applications both in mathematics and in theoretical physics. On the other hand, algebraic topology has received a vast impetus from the development of higher topos theory by Lurie and others. The current project is aimed at cross-fertilisation between the two subjects, in particular through the development of “higher linear topos theory”. We will approach the higher structure on Hochschild type complexes from two angles. Firstly, focusing on intrinsic incarnations of spaces as large categories, we will use the tensor products developed jointly with Ramos González and Shoikhet to obtain a “large version” of the Deligne conjecture. Secondly, focusing on concrete representations, we will develop new operadic techniques in order to endow complexes like the Gerstenhaber-Schack complex for prestacks (due to Dinh Van-Lowen) and the deformation complexes for monoidal categories and pasting diagrams (due to Shrestha and Yetter) with new combinatorial structure. In another direction, we will move from Hochschild cohomology of abelian categories (in the sense of Lowen-Van den Bergh) to Mac Lane cohomology for exact categories (in the sense of Kaledin-Lowen), extending the scope of NCAG to “non-linear deformations”. One of the mysteries in algebraic deformation theory is the curvature problem: in the process of deformation we are brought to the boundaries of NCAG territory through the introduction of a curvature component which disables the standard approaches to cohomology. Eventually, it is our goal to set up a new framework for NCAG which incorporates curved objects, drawing inspiration from the realm of higher categories. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1109/TCOMM.2013.053013.120427 | From Nominal To True A Posteriori Probabilities An Exact Bayesian Theorem Based Probabilistic Data Association Approach For Iterative Mimo Detection And Decoding | It was conventionally regarded that the approximate Bayesian theorem based existing probabilistic data association (PDA) algorithms output the estimated symbol-wise a posteriori probabilities (APPs) as soft information. In our recent work, however, we demonstrated that these probabilities are not the true APPs in the rigorous mathematical sense, but a type of nominal APPs, which are unsuitable for the classic architecture of iterative detection and decoding (IDD) aided receivers. To circumvent this predicament, in this paper we propose an exact Bayesian theorem based logarithmic domain PDA (EB-Log-PDA) method, whose output has similar characteristics to the true APPs, and hence it is readily applicable to the classic IDD architecture of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems using the general M-ary modulation. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the EB-Log-PDA algorithm's inner iteration on the design of EB-Log-PDA aided IDD receiver. We demonstrate that introducing inner iterations into EB-Log-PDA, which is common practice in conventional-PDA aided uncoded MIMO systems, would actually degrade the IDD receiver's performance, despite significantly increasing the overall computational complexity of the IDD receiver. Finally, we investigate the relationship between the extrinsic log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of the proposed EB-Log-PDA and of the approximate Bayesian theorem based logarithmic domain PDA (AB-Log-PDA) reported in our previous work. Despite their difference in extrinsic LLRs, we also show that the IDD schemes employing the EB-Log-PDA and the AB-Log-PDA without incorporating any inner PDA iterations have a similar achievable performance close to that of the optimal maximum a posteriori (MAP) detector based IDD receiver, while imposing a significantly lower computational complexity in the scenarios considered. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W3214372761 | Global Energetics of Solar Flares. XII. Energy Scaling Laws | In this study we test 30 variants of 5 physical scaling laws that describe different aspects of solar flares. We express scaling laws in terms of the magnetic potential field energy $E_p$, the mean potential field strength $B_p$, the free energy $E_{free}$, the dissipated magnetic flare energy $E_{diss}$, the mean loop length scale $L$, the mean helically twisted flux tube radius $R$, the sunspot radius $r$, the emission measure-weighted flare temperature $T_w$, the electron density $n_e$, and the total emission measure $EM$, measured from a data set of $\lapprox 400$ GOES M- and X-class flare events. The 5 categories of physical scaling laws include (i) a scaling law of the potential-field energy, (ii) a scaling law for helical twisting, (iii) a scaling law for Petschek-type magnetic reconnection, (iv) the Rosner-Tucker-Vaiana scaling law, and (v) the Shibata-Yokoyama scaling law. We test the self-consistency of these theoretical scaling laws with observed parameters by requiring two conditions: a cross-corrleation coefficient of CCC$>$0.5 between the observed and theoretically predicted scaling laws, and a linear regression fit with a slope of $\alpha \approx 1$. With these two criteria we find that 10 out of the 30 tested scaling law variants are consistent with the observed data, which strongly corroborates the existence and validity of the tested flare scaling laws. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/gt.2009.56 | Ad5/3-9HIF-Δ24-VEGFR-1-Ig, an infectivity enhanced, dual-targeted and antiangiogenic oncolytic adenovirus for kidney cancer treatment | Despite good safety data in clinical trials, oncolytic adenoviruses have not been efficient enough to make them a viable treatment alternative for cancers. As more potent viruses are being made, transcriptional and transductional targeting to tumor tissues becomes increasingly appealing. To improve antitumor efficacy, oncolytic adenoviruses can be armed with therapeutic transgenes, such as the antiangiogenic soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1-Ig fusion protein. We hypothesized that an infectivity enhanced, targeted, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1-Ig armed oncolytic adenovirus would exhibit improved specificity and antitumor effect in murine kidney cancer models. Two hypoxia inducible factor-sensitive promoters were evaluated for renal cancer specificity using a novel in vivo dual luciferase-imaging system. Earlier data had shown usefulness of the 5/ 3-serotype chimera capsid modification for kidney cancer. Therefore, we constructed Ad5/3-9HIF-Δ24-VEGFR-1-Ig, which showed good specificity and oncolytic effect on renal cancer cells in vitro and resulted in antitumor efficacy in a subcutaneous in vivo model, in which vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1-Ig expression and a concurrent antiangiogenic effect were confirmed. In an intraperitoneally disseminated kidney cancer model, significantly enhanced survival was observed when compared with control viruses. These results suggest that a targeted, antiangiogenic, oncolytic adenovirus might be a valuable agent for testing in kidney cancer patients. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1109/CSF.2017.15 | Sat Equiv An Efficient Tool For Equivalence Properties | Automatic tools based on symbolic models have been successful in analyzing security protocols. Such tools are particularly adapted for trace properties (e. g. secrecy or authentication), while they often fail to analyse equivalence properties. Equivalence properties can express a variety of security properties, including in particular privacy properties (vote privacy, anonymity, untraceability). Several decision procedures have already been proposed but the resulting tools are rather inefficient. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, based on graph planning and SAT-solving, which significantly improves the efficiency of the analysis of equivalence properties. The resulting implementation, SAT-Equiv, can analyze several sessions where most tools have to stop after one or two sessions. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1111/1365-2656.12752 | Interacting Effects Of Unobserved Heterogeneity And Individual Stochasticity In The Life History Of The Southern Fulmar | Individuals are heterogeneous in many ways. Some of these differences are incorporated as individual states (e. g. age, size, breeding status) in population models. However, substantial amounts of heterogeneity may remain unaccounted for, due to unmeasurable genetic, maternal or environmental factors. Such unobserved heterogeneity (UH) affects the behaviour of heterogeneous cohorts via intra-cohort selection and contributes to inter-individual variance in demographic outcomes such as longevity and lifetime reproduction. Variance is also produced by individual stochasticity, due to random events in the life cycle of wild organisms, yet no study thus far has attempted to decompose the variance in demographic outcomes into contributions from UH and individual stochasticity for an animal population in the wild. We developed a stage-classified matrix population model for the southern fulmar breeding on Ile des Petrels, Antarctica. We applied multievent, multistate mark-recapture methods to estimate a finite mixture model accounting for UH in all vital rates and Markov chain methods to calculate demographic outcomes. Finally, we partitioned the variance in demographic outcomes into contributions from UH and individual stochasticity. We identify three UH groups, differing substantially in longevity, lifetime reproductive output, age at first reproduction and in the proportion of the life spent in each reproductive state. -14% of individuals at fledging have a delayed but high probability of recruitment and extended reproductive life span. -67% of individuals are less likely to reach adulthood, recruit late and skip breeding often but have the highest adult survival rate. -19% of individuals recruit early and attempt to breed often. They are likely to raise their offspring successfully, but experience a relatively short life span. Unobserved heterogeneity only explains a small fraction of the variances in longevity (5. 9%), age at first reproduction (3. 7%) and lifetime reproduction (22%). UH can affect the entire life cycle, including survival, development and reproductive rates, with consequences over the lifetime of individuals and impacts on cohort dynamics. The respective role of UH vs. individual stochasticity varies greatly among demographic outcomes. We discuss the implication of our finding for the gradient of life-history strategies observed among species and argue that individual differences should be accounted for in demographic studies of wild populations. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1561151928 | Prevalence of dyspepsia and its correlation with demographic factors and lifestyle in shiraz, southern iran. | BACKGROUND Dyspepsia is a common disorder that can present many clinical dilemmas in patient management. Although not life-threatening, the symptoms are long-lasting, interfere with daily activities and have a significant impact upon quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of dyspepsia and its relationship with demographic and socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle in an apparently healthy population in Shiraz, southern Iran. METHODS In a population-based study, 1978 subjects aged 35 years or older were interviewed from April to September 2004. A questionnaire consisting of demographic factors, lifestyle data and gastrointestinal symptoms was completed for each participant. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined. RESULTS The prevalence of dyspepsia was 29.9%. The dyspeptic patients were classified as having ulcer-like (27.9%), dysmotility-like (26.2%) or unspecified dyspepsia (45.9%). The prevalence was higher in females, water-pipe smokers, NSAIDs users, and in those with psychological distress, recurrent headache, anxiety, nightmares and past history of gastrointestinal disease. Dyspepsia had an inverse relationship with consumption of pickles, fruits and vegetables, and with duration of meal ingestion. Subjects with dyspepsia symptoms were more likely to restrict their diet, take herbal medicine, use over-the-counter drugs, consult with physicians and consume medication advised by their friends. CONCLUSION This study reveals that dyspepsia has a high prevalence in Shiraz, southern Iran and is associated with several demographic factors, lifestyle and health-seeking behavior. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
185705 | Modelling of generic extreme mass-ratio inspirals | Inspiralling binaries of compact objects are a promising source of gravitational waves (GWs) in the upcoming era of GW astronomy. The MoGEs project proposes to take the next step in modelling the evolution of compact binaries using the gravitational self-force (GSF) formalism. Until now, the linear-in-mass-ratio GSF has only been calculated under the simplifying assumptions of non-spinning, circular, and/or equatorial binaries. MoGEs will, for the first time, calculate linear-in-mass-ratio GSF including all effects of spin, eccentricity and inclination.
This is achieved by reconstructing the local metric perturbation produced by a particle from solutions of the Teukolsky equation, which in turn are obtained using the semi-analytical MST formalism. The regular correction to the motion of the particle is then extracted using a mode-sum regularization scheme. The applicant has previously proven this combination of methods effective in the simpler case of equatorial orbits.
Knowledge of the GSF will allow the modelling of the evolution of extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) and the GWs that they generate. Accurate modelling of the latter is essential if they are to be observed by future GW observatories such as eLISA. Observation of GWs from an EMRI would yield a wealth of physical information, from precise measurements of physical characteristics of the observed system (including mass, angular momentum, and redshift) to fundamental tests of general relativity by providing an accurate map of the spacetime geometry generated by the system.
More immediately, MoGEs will capitalize on the new GSF data by combining the expertise of the applicant and the hosts at the Albert Einstein Institute (AEI) to improve the effectiveness of effective-one-body (EOB) models for eccentric spinning binaries. Any such improvements can directly be deployed in the ongoing GW searches at LIGO and Virgo, that already use EOB models in their detection pipelines. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.3390/catal9090755 | Catalyst Stability Assessment in a Lab-Scale Liquid-Solid (LS)² Plug-Flow Reactor | A packed-bed plug-flow reactor, denoted as the lab-scale liquid-solid (LS)² reactor, has been developed for the assessment of heterogeneous catalyst deactivation in liquid-phase reactions. The possibility to measure intrinsic kinetics was first verified with the model transesterification of ethyl acetate with methanol, catalyzed by the stable commercial resin Lewatit K2629, for which a turnover frequency (TOF) of 6. 2 ± 0. 4 × 10−3 s−1 was obtained. The absence of temperature and concentration gradients was verified with correlations and experimental tests. The potential for assessing the deactivation of a catalyst was demonstrated by a second intrinsic kinetics evaluation where a methylaminopropyl (MAP)-functionalized mesoporous silica catalyst was used for the aldol reaction of acetone with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in different solvents. The cooperative MAP catalyst deactivated as a function of time on stream when using hexane as solvent. Yet, the monofunctional MAP catalyst exhibited stable activity for at least 4 h on stream, which resulted in a TOF of 1. 2 ± 0. 1 × 10−3 s−1. It did, however, deactivate with dry acetone or DMSO as solvent due to the formation of site-blocking species. This deactivation was mitigated by co-feeding 2 wt % of water to DMSO, resulting in stable catalyst activity. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1111/nph.13243 | Ecology and evolution of floral volatile-mediated information transfer in plants | 571 I. 571 II. 572 III. 575 IV. 575 V. 575 576 References 576 Summary: Floral volatiles are complex, multi-functional signals that are often used by pollinators in combination with other signals, such as color. Floral visitors use floral scent to estimate the amount of reward present in flowers, to facilitate the identification of a specific host flower or as signals that chemically resemble those important for pollinator insects in other ecological contexts. There is good evidence that floral scent evolves under selection imposed by both mutualists and antagonists. Antagonists may often limit the amount of scent emitted by flowers, thus contributing to spatial population variation, and select for phenotypic plasticity after enemy attack. Floral scent is also an important component of pollinator-mediated reproductive isolation, as it often co-varies with color and morphology in sister species with different pollination systems. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1080/02639904.2018.1507294 | Literary Salons And The Periodical Press In Nineteenth Century Spain Exploring The Cronicas De Salon | This article probes the emergence of the salon chronicle, a vibrant journalistic genre, which flourished in Spain during the second half of the 19th century. In the light of new information on the connections that were developed between salon life and the periodical field, this study undertakes an exploration of women’s participation in both the private sphere of the salons and in the public sphere of the press. Theoretical considerations concerning women’s position in contemporary debate will be articulated alongside three case studies: Emilia Pardo Bazan, Emilia Serrano de Wilson, and Joaquina Garcia Balmaseda. A comparative study of their salon chronicles will help bring to light the editorial strategies that they followed and the collaborations that they established throughout their careers. These historiographically underexplored strategies will enhance our understanding of women’s contribution to the field of cultural production and will offer an insight into the increasingly globalized future of the press. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP10(2017)024 | On Non Abelian T Duality And Deformations Of Supercoset String Sigma Models | We elaborate on the class of deformed T-dual (DTD) models obtained by first adding a topological term to the action of a supercoset sigma model and then performing (non-abelian) T-duality on a subalgebra (g) over tilde of the superisometry algebra. These models inherit the classical integrability of the parent one, and they include as special cases the socalled homogeneous Yang-Baxter sigma models as well as their non-abelian T-duals. Many properties of DTD models have simple algebraic interpretations. For example we show that their (non-abelian) T-duals - including certain deformations - are again in the same class, where (g) over tilde gets enlarged or shrinks by adding or removing generators corresponding to the dualised isometries. Moreover, we show that Weyl invariance of these models is equivalent to (g) over tilde being unimodular; when this property is not satisfied one can always remove one generator to obtain a unimodular (g) over tilde, which is equivalent to (formal) T-duality. We also work out the target space super fields and, as a by-product, we prove the conjectured transformation law for Ramond-Ramond (RR) fields under bosonic non-abelian T-duality of supercosets, generalising it to cases involving also fermionic T-dualities. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.stem.2018.04.004 | Human Adult Neurogenesis: Evidence and Remaining Questions | Renewed discussion about whether or not adult neurogenesis exists in the human hippocampus, and the nature and strength of the supporting evidence, has been reignited by two prominently published reports with opposite conclusions. Here, we summarize the state of the field and argue that there is currently no reason to abandon the idea that adult-generated neurons make important functional contributions to neural plasticity and cognition across the human lifespan. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms11416 | Trapping mammalian protein complexes in viral particles | Abstract
Cell lysis is an inevitable step in classical mass spectrometry–based strategies to analyse protein complexes. Complementary lysis conditions, in situ cross-linking strategies and proximal labelling techniques are currently used to reduce lysis effects on the protein complex. We have developed Virotrap, a viral particle sorting approach that obviates the need for cell homogenization and preserves the protein complexes during purification. By fusing a bait protein to the HIV-1 GAG protein, we show that interaction partners become trapped within virus-like particles (VLPs) that bud from mammalian cells. Using an efficient VLP enrichment protocol, Virotrap allows the detection of known binary interactions and MS-based identification of novel protein partners as well. In addition, we show the identification of stimulus-dependent interactions and demonstrate trapping of protein partners for small molecules. Virotrap constitutes an elegant complementary approach to the arsenal of methods to study protein complexes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1257/aer.20151714 | Information Spillovers in Asset Markets with Correlated Values | We study information spillovers in a dynamic setting with correlated assets owned by privately informed sellers. In the model, a trade of one asset can provide information about the value of other assets. Importantly, the information content of trading behavior is endogenously determined. We show that this endogeneity leads to multiple equilibria when assets are sufficiently correlated. The equilibria are ranked in terms of both trade volume and efficiency. The model has implications for policies targeting post-trade transparency. We show that introducing post-trade transparency can increase or decrease welfare and trading volume depending on the asset correlation, equilibrium being played, and the composition of market participants. (JEL D82, D83, G14, G18) | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1145/3009837.3009868 | Beginner S Luck A Language For Property Based Generators | Property-based random testing a la QuickCheck requires building efficient generators for well-distributed random data satisfying complex logical predicates, but writing these generators can be difficult and error prone. We propose a domain-specific language in which generators are conveniently expressed by decorating predicates with lightweight annotations to control both the distribution of generated values and the amount of constraint solving that happens before each variable is instantiated. This language, called Luck, makes generators easier to write, read, and maintain. We give Luck a formal semantics and prove several fundamental properties, including the soundness and completeness of random generation with respect to a standard predicate semantics. We evaluate Luck on common examples from the property-based testing literature and on two significant case studies, showing that it can be used in complex domains with comparable bug-finding effectiveness and a significant reduction in testing code size compared to handwritten generators. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1088/0004-6256/149/3/91 | The Hubble Space Telescope Uv Legacy Survey Of Galactic Globular Clusters I Overview Of The Project And Detection Of Multiple Stellar Populations | In this paper we describe a new UV-initiative HST project (GO-13297) that will complement the existing F606W and F814W database of the ACS Globular Cluster (GC) Treasury by imaging most of its clusters through UV/blue WFC3/UVIS filters F275W, F336W and F438W. This "magic trio" of filters has shown an uncanny ability to disentangle and characterize multiple-population (MP) patterns in GCs in a way that is exquisitely sensitive to C, N, and O abundance variations. Combination of these passbands with those in the optical also gives the best leverage for measuring helium enrichment. The dozen clusters that had previously been observed in these bands exhibit a bewildering variety of MP patterns, and the new survey will map the full variance of the phenomenon. The ubiquity of multiple stellar generations in GCs has made the formation of these cornerstone objects more intriguing than ever; GC formation and the origin of their MPs have now become one and the same problem. In the present paper we will describe the data base and our data reduction strategy, as well as the uses we intend to make of the final photometry, astrometry, and proper motions. We will also present preliminary color-magnitude diagrams from the data so far collected. These diagrams also draw on data from GO-12605 and GO-12311, which served as a pilot project for the present GO-13297. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.5194/acp-19-10537-2019 | New particle formation, growth and apparent shrinkage at a rural background site in western Saudi Arabia | Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols have significant effects on human
health and the climate. A large fraction of these aerosols originates from
secondary new particle formation (NPF), where atmospheric vapors form small
particles that subsequently grow into larger sizes. In this study, we
characterize NPF events observed at a rural background site of Hada Al Sham
(21. 802∘ N, 39. 729∘ E), located in western Saudi Arabia,
during the years 2013–2015. Our analysis shows that NPF events occur very
frequently at the site, as 73 % of all the 454 classified days were NPF
days. The high NPF frequency is likely explained by the typically prevailing
conditions of clear skies and high solar radiation, in combination with
sufficient amounts of precursor vapors for particle formation and growth. Several factors suggest that in Hada Al Sham these precursor vapors are
related to the transport of anthropogenic emissions from the coastal urban
and industrial areas. The median particle formation and growth rates for the
NPF days were 8. 7 cm−3 s−1 (J7 nm) and 7. 4 nm h−1
(GR7−12 nm), respectively, both showing highest values during late summer. Interestingly, the formation and growth rates increase as a function of the
condensation sink, likely reflecting the common anthropogenic sources of NPF
precursor vapors and primary particles affecting the condensation sink. A total of 76 % of the NPF days showed an unusual progression, where the observed
diameter of the newly formed particle mode started to decrease after the
growth phase. In comparison to most long-term measurements, the NPF events
in Hada Al Sham are exceptionally frequent and strong both in terms of
formation and growth rates. In addition, the frequency of the decreasing
mode diameter events is higher than anywhere else in the world. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2019161497 | Combined effect of genetic and environmental factors on the accumulation of proteins in the wheat grain and their relationship to bread-making quality | Bread-making quality of wheat flour is largely determined by the accumulation, concentration and composition of the proteins in the grain, which are influenced by genetic (G) and environment (E) variation and their interactions. We have therefore evaluated the importance of G and E factors and their interactions in determining the accumulation and composition of the proteins in the wheat grain. The cultivar determined development time (CDDT), together with the amount and timing of N application, played a significant role in determining the accumulation and final composition of the wheat grain proteins, explaining 21–59% of the variation. At low temperature, N application both at spike formation and at anthesis explained the highest proportion of variation (36%) in the percentage of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) unextractable polymers in the total amount of polymers (% UPP), while at high temperature CDDT contributed most to the variation in % UPP (20%). The largest contributor to variation in the amount of total SDS extractable proteins (TOTE) was N application at anthesis, both at low and high temperatures (12% and 36%, respectively). Thus, the climate should be considered in recommendations for improving the protein quality and thereby the bread-making quality of wheat. ► Growing temperature is important in choosing strategies to produce bread wheat. ► N application timings were important for protein accumulation at low temperature. ► At high temperature, CDDT increased significantly for protein accumulation. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W1498910817 | Effect of monensin and vitamin E on milk production and composition of lactating dairy cows | Feeding unsaturated oils to lactating dairy cows impair ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) of unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) and increase ruminal outflow of BH intermediates such as trans-10, cis-12 CLA that are considered to be potent inhibitors of milk fat synthesis. Supplementing lactating dairy cow's rations containing plant origin oils with monensin and/or vitamin E may minimise the formation of trans-10 isomers in the rumen, thereby preventing milk fat depression. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of monensin and vitamin E supplementation in the diets of lactating dairy cows containing whole cottonseed, as the main source of FA on feed intake, milk production and composition, milk fatty acid profile, efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilisation, efficiency of net energy (NE) utilisation and nutrients digestibilities. Four multiparous Holstein lactating dairy cows (86±41 days in milk) were assigned to a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 21 days with a 14 days of treatment adaptation and a 7 days of data collection. The control diet was a total mixed ration (TMR) consisted of 430 g/kg forage and 570 g/kg of a concentrate mixture on dry matter (DM) basis. Cows were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments including control diet (C), control diet supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin E/kg of DM (E), control diet supplemented with 24 mg of monensin/kg of DM (M) and control diet supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin E and 24 mg of monensin/kg of DM (EM). Dry matter intake (DMI) ranged from 19.1 to 19.5 kg/d and was similar among the dietary treatments. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E or monensin had no effect on milk production, milk fat, protein and lactose concentrations, efficiency of utilisation of nitrogen and net energy for lactation (NEL ). Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) was not affected by the dietary treatments. Digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was higher in cows fed with the M and EM diets in relation to those fed the C and E diets. The concentrations of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, trans-10-16:1, cis-9-16:1, 17:0, 18:0, trans-11-18:1, cis-9-18:1, cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), trans-10, cis-12 CLA, and 18:3n-3 FA in milk fat were not affected by the dietary supplementations. While feeding the M diet tended to decrease milk fat concentration of C16:0, the milk fat concentration of C18:2n-6 FA tended to be increased. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E or monensin had no effect on milk fat concentrations of saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, short chain and long chain FA, but feeding the M diet numerically decreased milk fat concentration of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA). The results showed that vitamin E and/or monensin supplementations did not improve milk fat content and did not minimise the formation of trans-10 FA isomers in the rumen when whole cottonseed was included in the diet as the main source of fatty acids. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1093/brain/awx275 | Synaptic phosphorylated α-synuclein in dementia with Lewy bodies | Dementia with Lewy bodies is characterized by the accumulation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in the CNS, both of which are composed mainly of aggregated α-synuclein phosphorylated at Ser129. Although phosphorylated α-synuclein is believed to exert toxic effects at the synapse in dementia with Lewy bodies and other α-synucleinopathies, direct evidence for the precise synaptic localization has been difficult to achieve due to the lack of adequate optical microscopic resolution to study human synapses. In the present study we applied array tomography, a microscopy technique that combines ultrathin sectioning of tissue with immunofluorescence allowing precise identification of small structures, to quantitatively investigate the synaptic phosphorylated α-synuclein pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies. We performed array tomography on human brain samples from five patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, five patients with Alzheimer's disease and five healthy control subjects to analyse the presence of phosphorylated α-synuclein immunoreactivity at the synapse and their relationship with synapse size. Main analyses were performed in blocks from cingulate cortex and confirmed in blocks from the striatum of cases with dementia with Lewy bodies. A total of 1 318 700 single pre-or postsynaptic terminals were analysed. We found that phosphorylated α-synuclein is present exclusively in dementia with Lewy bodies cases, where it can be identified in the form of Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites and small aggregates (<0. 16 μm3). Between 19% and 25% of phosphorylated α-synuclein deposits were found in presynaptic terminals mainly in the form of small aggregates. Synaptic terminals that co-localized with small aggregates of phosphorylated α-synuclein were significantly larger than those that did not. Finally, a gradient of phosphorylated α-synuclein aggregation in synapses (pre>pre + post>postsynaptic) was observed. These results indicate that phosphorylated α-synuclein is found at the presynaptic terminals of dementia with Lewy bodies cases mainly in the form of small phosphorylated α-synuclein aggregates that are associated with changes in synaptic morphology. Overall, our data support the notion that pathological phosphorylated α-synuclein may disrupt the structure and function of the synapse in dementia with Lewy bodies. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W4213362480 | Influence de la paramétrisation du «slab‐ocean» dans le modèle climatique régional RegCM4 en Afrique centrale | L’étudevise à évaluer la réponse locale de la version 4.6 du modèle climatique régional (RegCM4.6) au couplage de l'interaction océan-atmosphère en Afrique Centrale. L'habileté du modèle est évaluée sur une période de six ans (du 1er janvier 2001 au 31 décembre 2006) en effectuant deux différentes expériences avec le schéma convectif Grell. Les expériences sont réalisées sur une échéance mensuelle avec une résolution spatiale de 40 km. Le modèle a été forcé par les réanalyses ERA-Interim et validé par les données d'observation GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project), les réanalyses ERA 5 et ERA-Interim. Pour évaluer l'influence du «slab-ocean», nous avons réalisé deux expériences différentes: la première expérience est conçue pour produire la climatologie et forcer les limites de surface de RegCM avec la température de surface de la mer. La deuxième expérience est conçue pour coupler RegCM avec le «slab-ocean» qui fournit une interaction mutuelle entre l'océan et l'atmosphère. Nous avons évalué à partir des outils statistiques l'habileté du modèle à simuler les précipitations, la température en surface et le vent. Les deux expériences reproduisent raisonnablement les grandes caractéristiques du régime pluviométrique, de la température et du vent. Une analyse comparative des différentes expériences révèle que les performances des expériences sont semblables en Afrique Centrale et dans les différentes sous-zones homogènes en ce qui concerne les pluies, mais elles présentent des différences subtiles. L'amélioration du «slab-ocean» varie d'une saison à l'autre et d'une sous-zone à l'autre. Toutefois, nous notons une amélioration significative de la température et des pluies au-dessus de l'océan Indien. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W4312718951 | « C’est l’État qui nous a tués ! » | À la suite du décès par Ebola d’un parent, une famille accuse l’État guinéen d’être responsable de sa mort. Qu’est-ce qui a conduit à porter une telle accusation? À partir d’une enquête ethnographique en République de Guinée, cet article montre de quelle manière l’histoire politique guinéenne a influencé le déroulement de l’épidémie d’Ebola de 2014 à 2016 dans les pays du fleuve Mano. Pour comprendre comment les crises politiques du passé façonnent le rapport des Guinéens à la crise sanitaire provoquée par Ebola, je procéderai en trois temps. D’abord, je reviendrai sur les violences d’État qui ont jalonné l’histoire politique de la Guinée depuis son indépendance en 1958. Une des conséquences de ces violences se manifeste par un manque de confiance systémique vis-à-vis des élites et des actions gouvernementales. Puis, je montrerai comment les camps d’internement militaires de Sékou Touré réactivent un rapport à l’enfermement induisant des rumeurs et des comportements de peur face aux Centres de traitement d’Ebola (CTE). Enfin, pour me déprendre des approches fondées sur les « réticences » de la population guinéenne aux dispositifs sanitaires de lutte contre l’épidémie, j’analyserai des formes de résistance s’inscrivant plus largement dans l’histoire des contestations politiques en Guinée. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201526455 | The Vimos Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey Vipers On The Recovery Of The Count In Cell Probability Distribution Function | We compare three methods to measure the count-in-cell probability density function of galaxies in a spectroscopic redshift survey. From this comparison we found that when the sampling is low (the average number of object per cell is around unity) it is necessary to use a parametric method to model the galaxy distribution. We used a set of mock catalogues of VIPERS, in order to verify if we were able to reconstruct the cell-count probability distribution once the observational strategy is applied. We find that in the simulated catalogues, the probability distribution of galaxies is better represented by a Gamma expansion than a Skewed Log-Normal. Finally, we correct the cell-count probability distribution function from the angular selection effect of the VIMOS instrument and study the redshift and absolute magnitude dependency of the underlying galaxy density function in VIPERS from redshift $0. 5$ to $1. 1$. We found very weak evolution of the probability density distribution function and that it is well approximated, independently from the chosen tracers, by a Gamma distribution. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1088/1748-0221/14/10/P10003 | PymePix: A python library for SPIDR readout of Timepix3 | PymePix is a new Python 3 library that provides control and acquisition for the Timepix3-SPIDR hardware. The rich set of data-structures and intuitive routines reduces time and coding effort to quickly configure, acquire, and visualize data from Timepix3. The highly extensible high-performance data-pipeline allows for alteration of the Timepix3 datastream into a form that is convinient for the user. This library is intended to be easily inserted into a standard scientific software stack as well as to allow for more direct interaction of Timepix3 with interactive flavors of Python. Included with the library are two example programs using PymePix: pymepix-acq is a command line control and acquisition program that can capture UDP packets and decode them into pixels and triggers. The second is pymepixviewer, an online control and data-acquisition program for general use, but with features geared toward mass-spectroscopy and ion imaging. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1182/blood.2020005627 | miR-29 modulates CD40 signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by targeting TRAF4: an axis affected by BCR inhibitors | B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and T-cell interactions play a pivotal role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) pathogenesis and disease aggressiveness. CLL cells can use microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets to modulate microenvironmental interactions in the lymph node niches. To identify miRNA expression changes in the CLL microenvironment, we performed complex profiling of short noncoding RNAs in this context by comparing CXCR4/CD5 intraclonal cell subpopulations (CXCR4dimCD5bright vs CXCR4brightCD5dim cells). This identified dozens of differentially expressed miRNAs, including several that have previously been shown to modulate BCR signaling (miR-155, miR-150, and miR-22) but also other candidates for a role in microenvironmental interactions. Notably, all 3 miR-29 family members (miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c) were consistently down-modulated in the immune niches, and lower miR-29(a/b/c) levels associated with an increased relative responsiveness of CLL cells to BCR ligation and significantly shorter overall survival of CLL patients. We identified tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 4 (TRAF4) as a novel direct target of miR-29s and revealed that higher TRAF4 levels increase CLL responsiveness to CD40 activation and downstream nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. In CLL, BCR represses miR-29 expression via MYC, allowing for concurrent TRAF4 upregulation and stronger CD40–NF-κB signaling. This regulatory loop is disrupted by BCR inhibitors (bruton tyrosine kinase [BTK] inhibitor ibrutinib or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K] inhibitor idelalisib). In summary, we showed for the first time that a miRNA-dependent mechanism acts to activate CD40 signaling/T-cell interactions in a CLL microenvironment and described a novel miR-29–TRAF4–CD40 signaling axis modulated by BCR activity. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1109/TVT.2014.2370737 | Distributed Irregular Codes Relying On Decode And Forward Relays As Code Components | A near-capacity distributed coding scheme is conceived by incorporating multiple relay nodes (RNs) for constructing a virtual irregular convolutional code (IRCC). We first compute the relay channel's capacity and then design IRCCs for the source and relay nodes. Extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts are utilized to design the codes for approaching the achievable capacity of the relay channels. Additionally, we improve the transmit power efficiency of the overall system by invoking both power allocation and relay selection. We found that even a low-complexity repetition code or a unit-memory convolutional code is capable of forming a near-capacity virtual IRCC. The performance of the proposed distributed IRCC (DIRCC) scheme is shown to be perfectly consistent with that predicted from the EXIT chart. More specifically, the DIRCC scheme is capable of operating within 0. 68 dB from the corresponding lower bound of the relay channel capacity, despite the fact that each RN is exposed to realistic decoding errors due to communicating over imperfect source–relay channels. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
891301 | Promoting social interaction through emotional body odours | The way chemistry influences human communication is one of the most intriguing and debated topics. More specifically, the nature of chemosignals and their sphere of influence on social interaction is a very important key to understanding human behaviour. POTION proposes a novel technological paradigm to delve deeper into understanding meaningful social interaction, combining new knowledge about the chemical composition of human social chemosignals together with a novel olfactory-based technology designed to drive social behaviour. A first challenging analysis on human chemosignals to delineate the chemical underpinnings of the emotions of happiness and fear will be carried out since they are the representative emotions that drive approach and avoidance behaviour, i.e., the fundamental building blocks of social interaction between individuals of the same species. Results of this analysis will be used to artificially synthetize the chemosignals of these two emotions, which will provide the basis of an innovative computer-controlled odour delivery system able to drive the approach-avoidance social strategy. This breakthrough device will be controlled in a closed loop by the social-emotional state of the subjects evaluated through a novel computational neural model. The POTION system will be applied and tested in both social and clinical scenarios. In the social scenarios, we venture to reveal how olfaction clues work in managing the feelings of trust, presence and inclusion, in both virtual, real, and social media contexts. In the clinical scenario, POTION will propose a new human chemosignal-based diagnosis and treatment for social anxiety, phobias and depression, which are known to all share impaired social functioning. POTION will provide further insight to the fundamental underpinnings of human behaviour with the goal to help establish healthy social relationships through trust, leading to an overall improvement in wellbeing. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1063/1.3603024 | The Bain Path Of Paramagnetic Fe Cr Based Alloys | Employing the first-principles exact muffin-tin orbital method in combination with the coherent potential approximation, we calculated the total energy and local magnetic moments of paramagnetic Fe . . . | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
US 2011/0051619 W | DYNAMIC NATIVE BINDING FOR MANAGED ASSEMBLIES | A method, apparatus, system, article of manufacture, and computer readable storage medium provides the ability to dynamically bind a native assembly from a managed assembly. A managed assembly (e.g., a dynamically linked library (DLL)) is obtained. In the managed assembly, native application program interface entry points are identified. For each of the entry points, intended platform(s) and associated correct native assembly(ies) are specified in the managed assembly. The managed assembly is deployed onto a computer. For example, the single collection of managed and native assemblies can be deployed to all targeted computers, which consist of varying platform environments. During runtime execution, the executing platform of the application is determined. Based on the executing platform, an intended platform is selected and the entry points are bound to the correct native assembly. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-017-11188-y | Increased 15-PGDH expression leads to dysregulated resolution responses in stromal cells from patients with chronic tendinopathy | The mechanisms underpinning the failure of inflammation to resolve in diseased musculoskeletal soft tissues are unknown. Herein, we studied bioactive lipid mediator (LM) profiles of tendon-derived stromal cells isolated from healthy donors and patients with chronic tendinopathy. Interleukin(IL)-1β treatment markedly induced prostaglandin biosynthesis in diseased compared to healthy tendon cells, and up regulated the formation of several pro-resolving mediators including 15-epi-LXA4 and MaR1. Incubation of IL-1β stimulated healthy tendon cells with 15-epi-LXA4 or MaR1 down-regulated PGE2 and PGD2 production. When these mediators were incubated with diseased cells, we only found a modest down regulation in prostanoid concentrations, whereas it led to significant decreases in IL-6 and Podoplanin expression. In diseased tendon cells, we also found increased 15-Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) expression as well as increased concentrations of both 15-epi-LXA4 and MaR1 further metabolites, 15-oxo-LXA4 and 14-oxo-MaR1. Inhibition of 15-PGDH using either indomethacin or SW033291 significantly reduced the further conversion of 15-epi-LXA4 and MaR1 and regulated expression of IL-6, PDPN and STAT-1. Taken together these results suggest that chronic inflammation in musculoskeletal soft tissues may result from dysregulated LM-SPM production, and that inhibition of 15-PGDH activity together with promoting resolution using SPM represents a novel therapeutic strategy to resolve chronic tendon inflammation. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
interreg_1381 | Building Regional Resilience to Industrial Structural Change | Across Europe, public bodies are pressed by an increasing need to provide preparatory support to the economic ecosystem in advance of the closure of anchor firms in their region which act as significant employers. The impacts of a closure of course go beyond direct employees and ripple, wave like throughout the regional services sector and economy. Management of such anticipated structural change requires proactive renewal of business approaches and policy supports. Regions are encouraged to introduce pilot projects based on their own strengths and to provide appropriate business supports for the re-alignment of the regional industrial base. This proactive approach by regional stakeholders is critical to building the resilience of these regions and enabling them to adapt to change.
The importance of SMEs and start-ups to the regional economy is widely recognised in terms of the provision of employment, contribution to GDP, driving innovation and supporting regional resilience. It is imperative that the relevant regional stakeholders keep informed, inspired and equipped to provide the appropriate SME and start-up supports, particularly in regions anticipating structural change.
The development of this collaborative Interreg Europe project linking partners across borders will seek to develop a Framework and Roadmap for Anticipated Structural Change under Priority Axis 2. It is imperative that industry players, business support organisations and policy makers understand how their ecosystems work and when faced with shocks (firm closures) to collaboratively develop alternative growth and employment through supportive policies and programmes to boost SME competitiveness. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
803992 | Epigenetic fine-tuning of T cells for improved adoptive cell therapy | Adoptive T cell therapy is a promising approach in various clinical settings, from target-specific immune reconstitution fighting cancer and chronic infections to combating undesired immune reactivity during auto-immunity and after organ transplantation.
However, its clinical application is currently hampered by: 1) the acquisition of senescence during the required in vitro expansion phase of T cells which limits their survival and fitness after infusion into the patient, and 2) the functional plasticity of T cells, which is sensitive to the inflammatory environment they encounter after transfusion and which might result in a functional switch from the desired effect (e.g. immunosuppressive) to the opposite one (pro-inflammatory).
I want to tackle these obstacles from a new molecular angle, utilizing the profound impact of epigenetic mechanisms on the senescence process as well as on the functional imprinting of T lymphocytes. Epigenetic players such as DNA methylation essentially contribute to T cell differentiation and harbor the unique prospect to imprint a stable developmental and functional state in the genomic structure of a cell, as we could recently show in our basic immune-epigenetic studies. Therefore, I here propose to equip T lymphocytes with the required properties for their successful and safe therapeutic application, including their functional fine-tuning according to the clinical need by directed modifications of the epigenome
('Epi-tuning').
To reach these goals I want: 1) to reveal strategies for the directed manipulation of the epigenetically-driven mechanism of cellular senescence and 2) to apply state-of-the-art CRISPR/Cas9-mediated epigenetic editing approaches for the imprinting of a desired functional state of therapeutic T cell products. These innovative epigenetic ""one-shot"" manipulations during the in vitro expansion phase should advance T cell therapy towards improved efficiency, stability as well as safety. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
GB 4862073 A | MINE ROOF SUPPORT | 1487553 Advancing mine roof supports DOWTY MINING EQUIPMENT Ltd 20 Sept 1974 [18 Oct 1973 20 July 1974] 48620/73 and 32251/74 Heading E1P In a mine roof support having an advancing jack 18 connectible to an anchorage such as a conveyor by a relay bar 13, the jack is arranged to exert on the support a force having one component parallel to the direction of advance and another component which lifts the support from the floor. The thrust exerted by jack 18 acts in a straight line between pivot joints 19, 21 as shown, a slot 35 providing a lost motion connection between the jack and the bar 13. The jack is enclosed by a pair of telescopic tubes 27, 28 loaded by a spring-actuated plunger 38. In a modification, see Figs. 4..7 (not shown), the forward end of the jack is pivoted to a bridge member [119] extending between the front edges of the floor beams of the support and the plunger of the jack is pivotally. connected to the end of the relay bar. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.3390/ijms14034670 | Regulation of translation initiation under biotic and abiotic stresses | Plants have developed versatile strategies to deal with the great variety of challenging conditions they are exposed to. Among them, the regulation of translation is a common target to finely modulate gene expression both under biotic and abiotic stress situations. Upon environmental challenges, translation is regulated to reduce the consumption of energy and to selectively synthesize proteins involved in the proper establishment of the tolerance response. In the case of viral infections, the situation is more complex, as viruses have evolved unconventional mechanisms to regulate translation in order to ensure the production of the viral encoded proteins using the plant machinery. Although the final purpose is different, in some cases, both plants and viruses share common mechanisms to modulate translation. In others, the mechanisms leading to the control of translation are viral or stress-specific. In this paper, we review the different mechanisms involved in the regulation of translation initiation under virus infection and under environmental stress in plants. In addition, we describe the main features within the viral RNAs and the cellular mRNAs that promote their selective translation in plants undergoing biotic and abiotic stress situations. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2124649153 | Assigning Web News to Clusters | The Web is overcrowded with news articles, an overwhelming information source both with its amount and diversity. Assigning news articles to similar groups, on the other hand, provides a very powerful data mining and manipulation technique for topic discovery from text documents. In this paper, we are investigating the application of a great spectrum of clustering algorithms, as well as similarity measures, to news articles that originate from the Web and compare their efficiency for use in an online Web news service application. We also examine the effect of preprocessing on clustering. Our experimentation showed that k-means, despite its simplicity, accompanied with preliminary steps for data cleaning and normalizing, gives better aggregate results when it comes to efficiency. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
174702 | Microbial life in oil | Microbial biodegradation is a key factor influencing the quality of oil and, according to current concepts, takes place mostly at the continuous oil-water transition zone in oil reservoirs.
I recently discovered microorganisms in minuscule water droplets (1-3 µl) entrapped in oil from a natural oil seep. In EcOILogy, I propose that biodegradation of oil resources takes place in such minuscule water droplets dispersed in the oil phase which is a shift of paradigm and a new conceptional view for environmental science, -life in oil-. EcOILogy aims to explore this new world investigating the generic principles of life in oil. I will study if such droplets are a common phenomenon in degraded oil resources and how significant the respective degradation activities are. To this end, I will develop reverse stable isotope labelling as a novel method for quantifying minute microbial activities (WP 1). The droplets provide a unique test system of micro-ecosystem, all experiencing identical boundary conditions in the oil with no dispersion of microorganisms between the isolated droplets. I will study how microbial communities for oil degradation assemble in the droplets allowing for unprecedented testing of ecological theory including a new bimodal hypothesis of community assembly. To tackle the big challenge of metabolic traits in systems ecology, I will make use of metagenomics, single cell sequencing, and high resolution metabolomics to assess the functions in single water droplets (WP 2). Finally, I will study how microorganisms adapt to this extreme environment under saturated hydrocarbon concentrations by isolation and comparative genome analysis of strains and study the role of different organisms in the droplets by Raman-CLSM (WP 3).
Thus, EcOilogy opens new horizons for microbial degradation of our most important energy resources with far-reaching implications for fundamental, interdisciplinary understanding of ecological processes, bioremediation, and oil exploratio | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.synthmet.2015.12.004 | Effect of a high boiling point additive on the morphology of solution-processed P3HT-fullerene blends | The use of high boiling point additives in solution processing has been widely employed to control the active layer morphology in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. The morphology of the heterojunction is crucial in controlling charge separation and extraction by the electrodes, and therefore the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device. This paper presents a study of time-resolved fluorescence quenching in blends of P3HT containing varying concentrations of the fullerenes PC61BM or PC71BM. The relationship between the fluorescence quenching rate and fullerene concentration indicates that the fullerene molecules are dispersed within the P3HT film for up to 5% by mass of fullerene. For higher fullerene concentrations, the additional fullerene molecules aggregate and form fullerene domains. The high degree of phase segregation observed in these blends is beneficial for solar cell performance because the segregated fullerene phase provides electron percolation pathways through the blend. The addition of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) to the solutions for spin coating into films changes the scale of fullerene segregation when the ratio by mass of fullerene exceeds 20%. At high fullerene concentrations the rate of fluorescence quenching decreases in P3HT:PC61BM blends when prepared with DIO indicating a larger scale phase separation. The effect of DIO on the morphology of P3HT:PC71BM blends is the opposite in that it causes faster quenching in the blends. Overall the results show that DIO can be used to control the morphology of photovoltaic blends of P3HT with fullerenes. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2750932593 | The use and understanding of dental notation systems in UK and Irish dental hospitals | Aim To identify the types of dental notation systems used in dental hospitals, and their perceived advantages and disadvantages. In addition, to record the dental notation used in patient referral letters.Method A self-completed questionnaire survey asking about the use of dental notation systems was distributed to 16 dental hospitals in the UK and Ireland in the summer of 2016. In addition, dentist referrals to the Restorative Dentistry department of the University Dental Hospital of Manchester were sequentially assessed for the dental notation used.Results Twelve hospitals replied. In order of frequency, the notation systems in use were the Alphanumeric, the Palmer, and the Federation Dentaire Internationale system. No hospital used the Universal system. Perceived advantages and disadvantages of each of the different systems were volunteered. One hundred and twenty-four referral letters were assessed and 100 were identified where dental notation was used. The majority used Alphanumeric notation.Conclusion A variety of dental notation systems remain in use in dental hospitals. The move to electronic recording and communication of information regarding teeth is encouraging the use of the Alphanumeric system. General dental practitioners are predominantly using the Alphanumeric system as their notation of choice in referral letters to the Restorative Dentistry department in Manchester. | [
"Other"
]
|
W2105729265 | To Have Life, and Have It Abundantly! Health and Well-Being in Biblical Perspective | Epidemiological studies researching the impact of participation in religious activities on the overall health and well-being of individuals suggest that having faith and practicing religion is good since they represent expense free, non-medical coping mechanisms accessible to everyone. Faith and religion, thus, can serve for a large number of people as potential reservoirs for cultivating well-being and maintaining health, thereby cutting health-care costs significantly. This begs the question if such pragmatic instrumentalization does do justice to faith and religion in the first place. The article investigates this question taking the Christian biblical tradition as an example by, first, identifying texts speaking of 'health' across different Bible versions (I), second, by sketching related concepts of 'health' (II) and, finally, by assessing the actual extent to which biblical tradition supports the quest for health and well-being (III). | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
interreg_45 | Alps in Movement, Movement in the Alps. Piuro 1618-2018 | The project will increase the attractiveness of the Bregaglia-Valchiavenna-Moesa-Ticino territory by promoting an innovative strategy to make use of its natural and cultural resources. Acting in a common historical-landscape context, the project will carry out a geo-cultural path, pivoting on the new “Valchiavenna Grandi Frane Alpine Cross-border Center”. The route, which will receive impetus from the 400th anniversary of the mega-landslide that struck Piuro with its 1200 inhabitants in 1618, will link various points of interest (including Cengalo, Cauco, Biasca, Chironico, Anzonico, Airolo Sasso rosso, Peccia, Campo Valle Maggia) equipped with specific installations and it will offer the reconstruction of calamities of exceptional interest for alpine tourism, to which it will address exploiting the potential offered by social networks. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
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