text: In foreign affairs , after he had crushed the Duke of Milan 's army at Marignano and formed a showy alliance with Henry VIII of England , Francois I 's European ambitions were halted by the German Emperor Charles V. Francois even suffered the indignity of a year 's imprisonment in Madrid , following a resounding defeat at Pavia in 1525 .
  
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  His military quickly reformed and defeated England .