What techniques can be used to train a dog without causing physical or psychological harm, so that the dog can become a loyal and obedient companion?
user
There are several techniques that can be used to train a dog without causing physical or psychological harm, so that it becomes a loyal and obedient companion. 
Firstly, positive reinforcement should be used when training the dog, as this encourages the desired behaviour while maintaining the animal's trust. Secondly, it is important not to shout or yell at the dog in an authoritative manner as this may lead to anxiety or fear-based behaviours. Instead reassure your pet with soothing voice cues and firm body language. Thirdly, mental stimulation is essential in order for a pet to remain happy, relaxed and well-behaved. This includes providing educational materials such as books and interactive puzzles that help the pup understand basic commands without becoming overwhelmed or stressed by enforced activities such as physical exercise or intense formal training sessions.
assistant
What techniques can be used to train a dog without causing physical or psychological harm, so that the dog can become a loyal and obedient companion?
user
Positive reinforcement, reward-based training and clicker training are all techniques that can be used to train a dog without causing any physical or psychological harm, so that the dog can become a loyal and obedient companion. Positive reinforcement rewards desired behaviors with treats and favorite activities. Reward-based training teaches using food rewards, toys, or simple praise as positive reinforcement for behaving in the desired way. Clicker training uses a clicked sound as an acknowledgment followed by a treat; this allows the trainer to precisely determine which behavior is being clicked for.
assistant
What techniques can be used to train a dog without causing physical or psychological harm, so that the dog can become a loyal and obedient companion?