How do satellites communicate with earth?
user
Satellites are modulated radio transmissions that are relayed back to Earth by ground-based antennas and processing stations.  This relayed signal is used for both relaying information for military, surveillance, and scientific purposes as well as carrying voice communications and television broadcasts.  

The wireless transmissions from a satellite are problematic in terms of maintaining communication, especially over long distances.  Satellite signals are susceptible to interference and must be transmitted with high power, which can interfere with other terrestrial communications.  For these reasons, satellite connections are only practical over short to medium range distances.  

Another major challenge in communication is ensuring reliable signal transmission from the satellite to the earth-based stations.  Satellites are not always properly oriented towards the earth, requiring complex and technologically challenging means of controlling and steering their orientation as they orbit the earth.   Moreover, mobile communication facilities such as cars and ships must be able to communicate with the satellite without being fixed in one location.  Therefore, communication facilities on Earth have to be highly mobile with the ability to track and communicate with multiple satellites simultaneously.  

For these reasons, satellite-based communication  is most commonly used for military, scientific, and broadcasting purposes rather than for everyday consumer communications.
assistant
How do satellites communicate with earth?
user
Satellites are modulated radio transmissions that are relayed back to Earth by ground-based antennas and processing stations.  This relayed signal is used for both relaying information for military, surveillance, and scientific purposes as well as carrying voice communications and television broadcasts.  

The wireless transmissions from a satellite are problematic in terms of maintaining communication, especially over long distances.  Satellite signals are susceptible to interference and must be transmitted with high power, which can interfere with other terrestrial communications.  For these reasons, satellite connections are only practical over short to medium range distances.  

Another major challenge in communication is ensuring reliable signal transmission from the satellite to the earth-based stations.  Satellites are not always properly oriented towards the earth, requiring complex and technologically challenging means of controlling and steering their orientation as they orbit the earth.   Moreover, mobile communication facilities such as cars and ships must be able to communicate with the satellite without being fixed in one location.  Therefore, communication facilities on Earth have to be highly mobile with the ability to track and communicate with multiple satellites simultaneously.  

For these reasons, satellite-based communication  is most commonly used for military, scientific, and broadcasting purposes rather than for everyday consumer communications.
assistant
How do satellites communicate with earth?