Python Machine Learning Functions
From your question, I garner that you have a result and are trying to find the optimal algorithm to reach there. Unfortunately, as far as I'm aware, you have to compare the different algorithms in itself to understand which one has better performance. 
However if you only wish to obtain a suitable algorithm for your use-case but are unsure what broad classification to start looking for an algorithm in, then I'd suggest you read up on the different types of machine learning (classification/regression) and then establish relations between your use case and how the algorithm performs its tasks. With that as a fundamental, you can fine tune your search.
Is there functionality in Machine Learning (using Python) that I could use to feed it a group of inputs, tell it what the end product should be, then have the code figure out what function it should use in order to reach the end product? 
Thanks.