text: """
  Unit tests for reverse URL lookups.
  """
  from __future__ import unicode_literals
  
  import unittest
  
  from django.contrib.auth.models import User
  from django.conf import settings
  from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured, ViewDoesNotExist
  from django.core.urlresolvers import (reverse, reverse_lazy, resolve, get_callable,
      get_resolver, NoReverseMatch, Resolver404, ResolverMatch, RegexURLResolver,
      RegexURLPattern)
  from django.http import HttpRequest, HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponsePermanentRedirect
  from django.shortcuts import redirect
  from django.test import TestCase, override_settings
  from django.utils import six
  
  from admin_scripts.tests import AdminScriptTestCase
  
  from . import urlconf_outer, middleware, views
  from .views import empty_view
  
  
  resolve_test_data = (
      # These entries are in the format: (path, url_name, app_name, namespace, view_func, args, kwargs)
      # Simple case
      ('/normal/42/37/', 'normal-view', None, '', views.empty_view, tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
      ('/view_class/42/37/', 'view-class', None, '', views.view_class_instance, tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
      ('/included/normal/42/37/', 'inc-normal-view', None, '', views.empty_view, tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
      ('/included/view_class/42/37/', 'inc-view-class', None, '', views.view_class_instance, tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
  
      # Unnamed args are dropped if you have *any* kwargs in a pattern
      ('/mixed_args/42/37/', 'mixed-args', None, '', views.empty_view, tuple(), {'arg2': '37'}),
      ('/included/mixed_args/42/37/', 'inc-mixed-args', None, '', views.empty_view, tuple(), {'arg2': '37'}),
  
      # Unnamed views will be resolved to the function/class name
      ('/unnamed/normal/42/37/', 'urlpatterns_reverse.views.empty_view', None, '', views.empty_view, tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
      ('/unnamed/view_class/42/37/', 'urlpatterns_reverse.views.ViewClass', None, '', views.view_class_instance, tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
  
      # If you have no kwargs, you get an args list.
      ('/no_kwargs/42/37/', 'no-kwargs', None, '', views.empty_view, ('42', '37'), {}),
      ('/included/no_kwargs/42/37/', 'inc-no-kwargs', None, '', views.empty_view, ('42', '37'), {}),
  
      # Namespaces
      ('/test1/inner/42/37/', 'urlobject-view', 'testapp', 'test-ns1', 'empty_view', tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
      ('/included/test3/inner/42/37/', 'urlobject-view', 'testapp', 'test-ns3', 'empty_view', tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
      ('/ns-included1/normal/42/37/', 'inc-normal-view', None, 'inc-ns1', views.empty_view, tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
      ('/included/test3/inner/42/37/', 'urlobject-view', 'testapp', 'test-ns3', 'empty_view', tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
      ('/default/inner/42/37/', 'urlobject-view', 'testapp', 'testapp', 'empty_view', tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
      ('/other2/inner/42/37/', 'urlobject-view', 'nodefault', 'other-ns2', 'empty_view', tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
      ('/other1/inner/42/37/', 'urlobject-view', 'nodefault', 'other-ns1', 'empty_view', tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
  
      # Nested namespaces
      ('/ns-included1/test3/inner/42/37/', 'urlobject-view', 'testapp', 'inc-ns1:test-ns3', 'empty_view', tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
      ('/ns-included1/ns-included4/ns-included2/test3/inner/42/37/', 'urlobject-view', 'testapp', 'inc-ns1:inc-ns4:inc-ns2:test-ns3', 'empty_view', tuple(), {'arg1': '42', 'arg2': '37'}),
  
      # Namespaces capturing variables
      ('/inc70/', 'inner-nothing', None, 'inc-ns5', views.empty_view, tuple(), {'outer': '70'}),
      ('/inc78/extra/foobar/', 'inner-extra', None, 'inc-ns5', views.empty_view, tuple(), {'outer': '78', 'extra': 'foobar'}),
  )
  
  test_data = (
      ('places', '/places/3/', [3], {}),
      ('places', '/places/3/', ['3'], {}),
      ('places', NoReverseMatch, ['a'], {}),
      ('places', NoReverseMatch, [], {}),
      ('places?', '/place/', [], {}),
      ('places+', '/places/', [], {}),
      ('places*', '/place/', [], {}),
      ('places2?', '/', [], {}),
      ('places2+', '/places/', [], {}),
      ('places2*', '/', [], {}),
      ('places3', '/places/4/', [4], {}),
      ('places3', '/places/harlem/', ['harlem'], {}),
      ('places3', NoReverseMatch, ['harlem64'], {}),
      ('places4', '/places/3/', [], {'id': 3}),
      ('people', NoReverseMatch, [], {}),
      ('people', '/people/adrian/', ['adrian'], {}),
      ('people', '/people/adrian/', [], {'name': 'adrian'}),
      ('people', NoReverseMatch, ['name with spaces'], {}),
      ('people', NoReverseMatch, [], {'name': 'name with spaces'}),
      ('people2', '/people/name/', [], {}),
      ('people2a', '/people/name/fred/', ['fred'], {}),
      ('people_backref', '/people/nate-nate/', ['nate'], {}),
      ('people_backref', '/people/nate-nate/', [], {'name': 'nate'}),
      ('optional', '/optional/fred/', [], {'name': 'fred'}),
      ('optional', '/optional/fred/', ['fred'], {}),
      ('hardcoded', '/hardcoded/', [], {}),
      ('hardcoded2', '/hardcoded/doc.pdf', [], {}),
      ('people3', '/people/il/adrian/', [], {'state': 'il', 'name': 'adrian'}),
      ('people3', NoReverseMatch, [], {'state': 'il'}),
      ('people3', NoReverseMatch, [], {'name': 'adrian'}),
      ('people4', NoReverseMatch, [], {'state': 'il', 'name': 'adrian'}),
      ('people6', '/people/il/test/adrian/', ['il/test', 'adrian'], {}),
      ('people6', '/people//adrian/', ['adrian'], {}),
      ('range', '/character_set/a/', [], {}),
      ('range2', '/character_set/x/', [], {}),
      ('price', '/price/$10/', ['10'], {}),
      ('price2', '/price/$10/', ['10'], {}),
      ('price3', '/price/$10/', ['10'], {}),
      ('product', '/product/chocolate+($2.00)/', [], {'price': '2.00', 'product': 'chocolate'}),
      ('headlines', '/headlines/2007.5.21/', [], dict(year=2007, month=5, day=21)),
      ('windows', r'/windows_path/C:%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cspam/', [], dict(drive_name='C', path=r'Documents and Settings\spam')),
      ('special', r'/special_chars/%2B%5C%24%2A/', [r'+\$*'], {}),
      ('special', r'/special_chars/some%20resource/', [r'some resource'], {}),
      ('special', r'/special_chars/10%25%20complete/', [r'10% complete'], {}),
      ('special', r'/special_chars/some%20resource/', [], {'chars': r'some resource'}),
      ('special', r'/special_chars/10%25%20complete/', [], {'chars': r'10% complete'}),
      ('special', NoReverseMatch, [''], {}),
      ('mixed', '/john/0/', [], {'name': 'john'}),
      ('repeats', '/repeats/a/', [], {}),
      ('repeats2', '/repeats/aa/', [], {}),
      ('repeats3', '/repeats/aa/', [], {}),
      ('insensitive', '/CaseInsensitive/fred', ['fred'], {}),
      ('test', '/test/1', [], {}),
      ('test2', '/test/2', [], {}),
      ('inner-nothing', '/outer/42/', [], {'outer': '42'}),
      ('inner-nothing', '/outer/42/', ['42'], {}),
      ('inner-nothing', NoReverseMatch, ['foo'], {}),
      ('inner-extra', '/outer/42/extra/inner/', [], {'extra': 'inner', 'outer': '42'}),
      ('inner-extra', '/outer/42/extra/inner/', ['42', 'inner'], {}),
      ('inner-extra', NoReverseMatch, ['fred', 'inner'], {}),
      ('inner-no-kwargs', '/outer-no-kwargs/42/inner-no-kwargs/1/', ['42', '1'], {}),
      ('disjunction', NoReverseMatch, ['foo'], {}),
      ('inner-disjunction', NoReverseMatch, ['10', '11'], {}),
      ('extra-places', '/e-places/10/', ['10'], {}),
      ('extra-people', '/e-people/fred/', ['fred'], {}),
      ('extra-people', '/e-people/fred/', [], {'name': 'fred'}),
      ('part', '/part/one/', [], {'value': 'one'}),
      ('part', '/prefix/xx/part/one/', [], {'value': 'one', 'prefix': 'xx'}),
      ('part2', '/part2/one/', [], {'value': 'one'}),
      ('part2', '/part2/', [], {}),
      ('part2', '/prefix/xx/part2/one/', [], {'value': 'one', 'prefix': 'xx'}),
      ('part2', '/prefix/xx/part2/', [], {'prefix': 'xx'}),
  
      # Regression for #9038
      # These views are resolved by method name. Each method is deployed twice -
      # once with an explicit argument, and once using the default value on
      # the method. This is potentially ambiguous, as you have to pick the
      # correct view for the arguments provided.
      ('kwargs_view', '/arg_view/', [], {}),
      ('kwargs_view', '/arg_view/10/', [], {'arg1': 10}),
      ('urlpatterns_reverse.views.absolute_kwargs_view', '/absolute_arg_view/', [], {}),
      ('urlpatterns_reverse.views.absolute_kwargs_view', '/absolute_arg_view/10/', [], {'arg1': 10}),
      ('non_path_include', '/includes/non_path_include/', [], {}),
  
      # Tests for #13154
      ('defaults', '/defaults_view1/3/', [], {'arg1': 3, 'arg2': 1}),
      ('defaults', '/defaults_view2/3/', [], {'arg1': 3, 'arg2': 2}),
      ('defaults', NoReverseMatch, [], {'arg1': 3, 'arg2': 3}),
      ('defaults', NoReverseMatch, [], {'arg2': 1}),
  )
  
  
  @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='urlpatterns_reverse.no_urls')
  class NoURLPatternsTests(TestCase):
  
      def test_no_urls_exception(self):
          """
          RegexURLResolver should raise an exception when no urlpatterns exist.
          """
          resolver = RegexURLResolver(r'^$', settings.ROOT_URLCONF)
  
          self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured,
              "The included urlconf 'urlpatterns_reverse.no_urls' does not "
              "appear to have any patterns in it. If you see valid patterns in "
              "the file then the issue is probably caused by a circular import.",
              getattr, resolver, 'url_patterns')
  
  
  @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='urlpatterns_reverse.urls')
  class URLPatternReverse(TestCase):
  
      def test_urlpattern_reverse(self):
          for name, expected, args, kwargs in test_data:
              try:
                  got = reverse(name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
              except NoReverseMatch:
                  self.assertEqual(expected, NoReverseMatch)
              else:
                  self.assertEqual(got, expected)
  
      def test_reverse_none(self):
          # Reversing None should raise an error, not return the last un-named view.
          self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch, reverse, None)
  
      def test_prefix_braces(self):
          self.assertEqual('/%7B%7Binvalid%7D%7D/includes/non_path_include/',
                 reverse('non_path_include', prefix='/{{invalid}}/'))
  
      def test_prefix_parenthesis(self):
          self.assertEqual('/bogus%29/includes/non_path_include/',
                 reverse('non_path_include', prefix='/bogus)/'))
  
      def test_prefix_format_char(self):
          self.assertEqual('/bump%2520map/includes/non_path_include/',
                 reverse('non_path_include', prefix='/bump%20map/'))
  
      def test_non_urlsafe_prefix_with_args(self):
          # Regression for #20022
          self.assertEqual('/%7Eme/places/1/',
                  reverse('places', args=[1], prefix='/~me/'))
  
      def test_patterns_reported(self):
          # Regression for #17076
          try:
              # this url exists, but requires an argument
              reverse("people", args=[])
          except NoReverseMatch as e:
              pattern_description = r"1 pattern(s) tried: ['people/(?P<name>\\w+)/$']"
              self.assertIn(pattern_description, str(e))
          else:
              # we can't use .assertRaises, since we want to inspect the
              # exception
              self.fail("Expected a NoReverseMatch, but none occurred.")
  
  
  class ResolverTests(unittest.TestCase):
      def test_resolver_repr(self):
          """
          Test repr of RegexURLResolver, especially when urlconf_name is a list
          (#17892).
          """
          # Pick a resolver from a namespaced urlconf
          resolver = get_resolver('urlpatterns_reverse.namespace_urls')
          sub_resolver = resolver.namespace_dict['test-ns1'][1]
          self.assertIn('<RegexURLPattern list>', repr(sub_resolver))
  
      def test_reverse_lazy_object_coercion_by_resolve(self):
          """
          Verifies lazy object returned by reverse_lazy is coerced to
          text by resolve(). Previous to #21043, this would raise a TypeError.
          """
          urls = 'urlpatterns_reverse.named_urls'
          proxy_url = reverse_lazy('named-url1', urlconf=urls)
          resolver = get_resolver(urls)
          try:
              resolver.resolve(proxy_url)
          except TypeError:
              self.fail('Failed to coerce lazy object to text')
  
      def test_non_regex(self):
          """
          Verifies that we raise a Resolver404 if what we are resolving doesn't
          meet the basic requirements of a path to match - i.e., at the very
          least, it matches the root pattern '^/'. We must never return None
          from resolve, or we will get a TypeError further down the line.
  
          Regression for #10834.
          """
          self.assertRaises(Resolver404, resolve, '')
          self.assertRaises(Resolver404, resolve, 'a')
          self.assertRaises(Resolver404, resolve, '\\')
          self.assertRaises(Resolver404, resolve, '.')
  
      def test_404_tried_urls_have_names(self):
          """
          Verifies that the list of URLs that come back from a Resolver404
          exception contains a list in the right format for printing out in
          the DEBUG 404 page with both the patterns and URL names, if available.
          """
          urls = 'urlpatterns_reverse.named_urls'
          # this list matches the expected URL types and names returned when
          # you try to resolve a non-existent URL in the first level of included
          # URLs in named_urls.py (e.g., '/included/non-existent-url')
          url_types_names = [
              [{'type': RegexURLPattern, 'name': 'named-url1'}],
              [{'type': RegexURLPattern, 'name': 'named-url2'}],
              [{'type': RegexURLPattern, 'name': None}],
              [{'type': RegexURLResolver}, {'type': RegexURLPattern, 'name': 'named-url3'}],
              [{'type': RegexURLResolver}, {'type': RegexURLPattern, 'name': 'named-url4'}],
              [{'type': RegexURLResolver}, {'type': RegexURLPattern, 'name': None}],
              [{'type': RegexURLResolver}, {'type': RegexURLResolver}],
          ]
          try:
              resolve('/included/non-existent-url', urlconf=urls)
              self.fail('resolve did not raise a 404')
          except Resolver404 as e:
              # make sure we at least matched the root ('/') url resolver:
              self.assertTrue('tried' in e.args[0])
              tried = e.args[0]['tried']
              self.assertEqual(len(e.args[0]['tried']), len(url_types_names), 'Wrong number of tried URLs returned.  Expected %s, got %s.' % (len(url_types_names), len(e.args[0]['tried'])))
              for tried, expected in zip(e.args[0]['tried'], url_types_names):
                  for t, e in zip(tried, expected):
                      self.assertIsInstance(t, e['type']), str('%s is not an instance of %s') % (t, e['type'])
                      if 'name' in e:
                          if not e['name']:
                              self.assertTrue(t.name is None, 'Expected no URL name but found %s.' % t.name)
                          else:
                              self.assertEqual(t.name, e['name'], 'Wrong URL name.  Expected "%s", got "%s".' % (e['name'], t.name))
  
  
  @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='urlpatterns_reverse.reverse_lazy_urls')
  class ReverseLazyTest(TestCase):
  
      def test_redirect_with_lazy_reverse(self):
          response = self.client.get('/redirect/')
          self.assertRedirects(response, "/redirected_to/", status_code=301)
  
      def test_user_permission_with_lazy_reverse(self):
          User.objects.create_user('alfred', 'alfred@example.com', password='testpw')
          response = self.client.get('/login_required_view/')
          self.assertRedirects(response, "/login/?next=/login_required_view/", status_code=302)
          self.client.login(username='alfred', password='testpw')
          response = self.client.get('/login_required_view/')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
  
  
  class ReverseLazySettingsTest(AdminScriptTestCase):
      """
      Test that reverse_lazy can be used in settings without causing a circular
      import error.
      """
      def setUp(self):
          self.write_settings('settings.py', extra="""
  from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse_lazy
  LOGIN_URL = reverse_lazy('login')""")
  
      def tearDown(self):
          self.remove_settings('settings.py')
  
      def test_lazy_in_settings(self):
          out, err = self.run_manage(['sqlall', 'auth'])
          self.assertNoOutput(err)
  
  
  @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='urlpatterns_reverse.urls')
  class ReverseShortcutTests(TestCase):
  
      def test_redirect_to_object(self):
          # We don't really need a model; just something with a get_absolute_url
          class FakeObj(object):
              def get_absolute_url(self):
                  return "/hi-there/"
  
          res = redirect(FakeObj())
          self.assertIsInstance(res, HttpResponseRedirect)
          self.assertEqual(res.url, '/hi-there/')
  
          res = redirect(FakeObj(), permanent=True)
          self.assertIsInstance(res, HttpResponsePermanentRedirect)
          self.assertEqual(res.url, '/hi-there/')
  
      def test_redirect_to_view_name(self):
          res = redirect('hardcoded2')
          self.assertEqual(res.url, '/hardcoded/doc.pdf')
          res = redirect('places', 1)
          self.assertEqual(res.url, '/places/1/')
          res = redirect('headlines', year='2008', month='02', day='17')
          self.assertEqual(res.url, '/headlines/2008.02.17/')
          self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch, redirect, 'not-a-view')
  
      def test_redirect_to_url(self):
          res = redirect('/foo/')
          self.assertEqual(res.url, '/foo/')
          res = redirect('http://example.com/')
          self.assertEqual(res.url, 'http://example.com/')
  
      def test_redirect_view_object(self):
          from .views import absolute_kwargs_view
          res = redirect(absolute_kwargs_view)
          self.assertEqual(res.url, '/absolute_arg_view/')
          self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch, redirect, absolute_kwargs_view, wrong_argument=None)
  
  
  @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='urlpatterns_reverse.namespace_urls')
  class NamespaceTests(TestCase):
  
      def test_ambiguous_object(self):
          "Names deployed via dynamic URL objects that require namespaces can't be resolved"
          self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch, reverse, 'urlobject-view')
          self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch, reverse, 'urlobject-view', args=[37, 42])
          self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch, reverse, 'urlobject-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37})
  
      def test_ambiguous_urlpattern(self):
          "Names deployed via dynamic URL objects that require namespaces can't be resolved"
          self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch, reverse, 'inner-nothing')
          self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch, reverse, 'inner-nothing', args=[37, 42])
          self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch, reverse, 'inner-nothing', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37})
  
      def test_non_existent_namespace(self):
          "Non-existent namespaces raise errors"
          self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch, reverse, 'blahblah:urlobject-view')
          self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch, reverse, 'test-ns1:blahblah:urlobject-view')
  
      def test_normal_name(self):
          "Normal lookups work as expected"
          self.assertEqual('/normal/', reverse('normal-view'))
          self.assertEqual('/normal/37/42/', reverse('normal-view', args=[37, 42]))
          self.assertEqual('/normal/42/37/', reverse('normal-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37}))
          self.assertEqual('/+%5C$*/', reverse('special-view'))
  
      def test_simple_included_name(self):
          "Normal lookups work on names included from other patterns"
          self.assertEqual('/included/normal/', reverse('inc-normal-view'))
          self.assertEqual('/included/normal/37/42/', reverse('inc-normal-view', args=[37, 42]))
          self.assertEqual('/included/normal/42/37/', reverse('inc-normal-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37}))
          self.assertEqual('/included/+%5C$*/', reverse('inc-special-view'))
  
      def test_namespace_object(self):
          "Dynamic URL objects can be found using a namespace"
          self.assertEqual('/test1/inner/', reverse('test-ns1:urlobject-view'))
          self.assertEqual('/test1/inner/37/42/', reverse('test-ns1:urlobject-view', args=[37, 42]))
          self.assertEqual('/test1/inner/42/37/', reverse('test-ns1:urlobject-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37}))
          self.assertEqual('/test1/inner/+%5C$*/', reverse('test-ns1:urlobject-special-view'))
  
      def test_embedded_namespace_object(self):
          "Namespaces can be installed anywhere in the URL pattern tree"
          self.assertEqual('/included/test3/inner/', reverse('test-ns3:urlobject-view'))
          self.assertEqual('/included/test3/inner/37/42/', reverse('test-ns3:urlobject-view', args=[37, 42]))
          self.assertEqual('/included/test3/inner/42/37/', reverse('test-ns3:urlobject-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37}))
          self.assertEqual('/included/test3/inner/+%5C$*/', reverse('test-ns3:urlobject-special-view'))
  
      def test_namespace_pattern(self):
          "Namespaces can be applied to include()'d urlpatterns"
          self.assertEqual('/ns-included1/normal/', reverse('inc-ns1:inc-normal-view'))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-included1/normal/37/42/', reverse('inc-ns1:inc-normal-view', args=[37, 42]))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-included1/normal/42/37/', reverse('inc-ns1:inc-normal-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37}))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-included1/+%5C$*/', reverse('inc-ns1:inc-special-view'))
  
      def test_namespace_pattern_with_variable_prefix(self):
          "When using a include with namespaces when there is a regex variable in front of it"
          self.assertEqual('/ns-outer/42/normal/', reverse('inc-outer:inc-normal-view', kwargs={'outer': 42}))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-outer/42/normal/', reverse('inc-outer:inc-normal-view', args=[42]))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-outer/42/normal/37/4/', reverse('inc-outer:inc-normal-view', kwargs={'outer': 42, 'arg1': 37, 'arg2': 4}))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-outer/42/normal/37/4/', reverse('inc-outer:inc-normal-view', args=[42, 37, 4]))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-outer/42/+%5C$*/', reverse('inc-outer:inc-special-view', kwargs={'outer': 42}))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-outer/42/+%5C$*/', reverse('inc-outer:inc-special-view', args=[42]))
  
      def test_multiple_namespace_pattern(self):
          "Namespaces can be embedded"
          self.assertEqual('/ns-included1/test3/inner/', reverse('inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view'))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-included1/test3/inner/37/42/', reverse('inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view', args=[37, 42]))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-included1/test3/inner/42/37/', reverse('inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37}))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-included1/test3/inner/+%5C$*/', reverse('inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-special-view'))
  
      def test_nested_namespace_pattern(self):
          "Namespaces can be nested"
          self.assertEqual('/ns-included1/ns-included4/ns-included1/test3/inner/', reverse('inc-ns1:inc-ns4:inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view'))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-included1/ns-included4/ns-included1/test3/inner/37/42/', reverse('inc-ns1:inc-ns4:inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view', args=[37, 42]))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-included1/ns-included4/ns-included1/test3/inner/42/37/', reverse('inc-ns1:inc-ns4:inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37}))
          self.assertEqual('/ns-included1/ns-included4/ns-included1/test3/inner/+%5C$*/', reverse('inc-ns1:inc-ns4:inc-ns1:test-ns3:urlobject-special-view'))
  
      def test_app_lookup_object(self):
          "A default application namespace can be used for lookup"
          self.assertEqual('/default/inner/', reverse('testapp:urlobject-view'))
          self.assertEqual('/default/inner/37/42/', reverse('testapp:urlobject-view', args=[37, 42]))
          self.assertEqual('/default/inner/42/37/', reverse('testapp:urlobject-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37}))
          self.assertEqual('/default/inner/+%5C$*/', reverse('testapp:urlobject-special-view'))
  
      def test_app_lookup_object_with_default(self):
          "A default application namespace is sensitive to the 'current' app can be used for lookup"
          self.assertEqual('/included/test3/inner/', reverse('testapp:urlobject-view', current_app='test-ns3'))
          self.assertEqual('/included/test3/inner/37/42/', reverse('testapp:urlobject-view', args=[37, 42], current_app='test-ns3'))
          self.assertEqual('/included/test3/inner/42/37/', reverse('testapp:urlobject-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37}, current_app='test-ns3'))
          self.assertEqual('/included/test3/inner/+%5C$*/', reverse('testapp:urlobject-special-view', current_app='test-ns3'))
  
      def test_app_lookup_object_without_default(self):
          "An application namespace without a default is sensitive to the 'current' app can be used for lookup"
          self.assertEqual('/other2/inner/', reverse('nodefault:urlobject-view'))
          self.assertEqual('/other2/inner/37/42/', reverse('nodefault:urlobject-view', args=[37, 42]))
          self.assertEqual('/other2/inner/42/37/', reverse('nodefault:urlobject-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37}))
          self.assertEqual('/other2/inner/+%5C$*/', reverse('nodefault:urlobject-special-view'))
  
          self.assertEqual('/other1/inner/', reverse('nodefault:urlobject-view', current_app='other-ns1'))
          self.assertEqual('/other1/inner/37/42/', reverse('nodefault:urlobject-view', args=[37, 42], current_app='other-ns1'))
          self.assertEqual('/other1/inner/42/37/', reverse('nodefault:urlobject-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37}, current_app='other-ns1'))
          self.assertEqual('/other1/inner/+%5C$*/', reverse('nodefault:urlobject-special-view', current_app='other-ns1'))
  
      def test_special_chars_namespace(self):
          self.assertEqual('/+%5C$*/included/normal/', reverse('special:inc-normal-view'))
          self.assertEqual('/+%5C$*/included/normal/37/42/', reverse('special:inc-normal-view', args=[37, 42]))
          self.assertEqual('/+%5C$*/included/normal/42/37/', reverse('special:inc-normal-view', kwargs={'arg1': 42, 'arg2': 37}))
          self.assertEqual('/+%5C$*/included/+%5C$*/', reverse('special:inc-special-view'))
  
      def test_namespaces_with_variables(self):
          "Namespace prefixes can capture variables: see #15900"
          self.assertEqual('/inc70/', reverse('inc-ns5:inner-nothing', kwargs={'outer': '70'}))
          self.assertEqual('/inc78/extra/foobar/', reverse('inc-ns5:inner-extra', kwargs={'outer': '78', 'extra': 'foobar'}))
          self.assertEqual('/inc70/', reverse('inc-ns5:inner-nothing', args=['70']))
          self.assertEqual('/inc78/extra/foobar/', reverse('inc-ns5:inner-extra', args=['78', 'foobar']))
  
  
  @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF=urlconf_outer.__name__)
  class RequestURLconfTests(TestCase):
      def test_urlconf(self):
          response = self.client.get('/test/me/')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'outer:/test/me/,'
                                             b'inner:/inner_urlconf/second_test/')
          response = self.client.get('/inner_urlconf/second_test/')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
          response = self.client.get('/second_test/')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
  
      @override_settings(
          MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES=(
              '%s.ChangeURLconfMiddleware' % middleware.__name__,
          )
      )
      def test_urlconf_overridden(self):
          response = self.client.get('/test/me/')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
          response = self.client.get('/inner_urlconf/second_test/')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
          response = self.client.get('/second_test/')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'outer:,inner:/second_test/')
  
      @override_settings(
          MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES=(
              '%s.NullChangeURLconfMiddleware' % middleware.__name__,
          )
      )
      def test_urlconf_overridden_with_null(self):
          self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured, self.client.get, '/test/me/')
  
      @override_settings(
          MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES=(
              '%s.ChangeURLconfMiddleware' % middleware.__name__,
              '%s.ReverseInnerInResponseMiddleware' % middleware.__name__,
          )
      )
      def test_reverse_inner_in_response_middleware(self):
          """
          Test reversing an URL from the *overridden* URLconf from inside
          a response middleware.
          """
          response = self.client.get('/second_test/')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
          self.assertEqual(response.content, b'/second_test/')
  
      @override_settings(
          MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES=(
              '%s.ChangeURLconfMiddleware' % middleware.__name__,
              '%s.ReverseOuterInResponseMiddleware' % middleware.__name__,
          )
      )
      def test_reverse_outer_in_response_middleware(self):
          """
          Test reversing an URL from the *default* URLconf from inside
          a response middleware.
          """
          message = "Reverse for 'outer' with arguments '()' and keyword arguments '{}' not found."
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(NoReverseMatch, message):
              self.client.get('/second_test/')
  
      @override_settings(
          MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES=(
              '%s.ChangeURLconfMiddleware' % middleware.__name__,
              '%s.ReverseInnerInStreaming' % middleware.__name__,
          )
      )
      def test_reverse_inner_in_streaming(self):
          """
          Test reversing an URL from the *overridden* URLconf from inside
          a streaming response.
          """
          response = self.client.get('/second_test/')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
          self.assertEqual(b''.join(response), b'/second_test/')
  
      @override_settings(
          MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES=(
              '%s.ChangeURLconfMiddleware' % middleware.__name__,
              '%s.ReverseOuterInStreaming' % middleware.__name__,
          )
      )
      def test_reverse_outer_in_streaming(self):
          """
          Test reversing an URL from the *default* URLconf from inside
          a streaming response.
          """
          message = "Reverse for 'outer' with arguments '()' and keyword arguments '{}' not found."
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(NoReverseMatch, message):
              self.client.get('/second_test/')
              b''.join(self.client.get('/second_test/'))
  
  
  class ErrorHandlerResolutionTests(TestCase):
      """Tests for handler400, handler404 and handler500"""
  
      def setUp(self):
          from django.core.urlresolvers import RegexURLResolver
          urlconf = 'urlpatterns_reverse.urls_error_handlers'
          urlconf_callables = 'urlpatterns_reverse.urls_error_handlers_callables'
          self.resolver = RegexURLResolver(r'^$', urlconf)
          self.callable_resolver = RegexURLResolver(r'^$', urlconf_callables)
  
      def test_named_handlers(self):
          handler = (empty_view, {})
          self.assertEqual(self.resolver.resolve400(), handler)
          self.assertEqual(self.resolver.resolve404(), handler)
          self.assertEqual(self.resolver.resolve500(), handler)
  
      def test_callable_handers(self):
          handler = (empty_view, {})
          self.assertEqual(self.callable_resolver.resolve400(), handler)
          self.assertEqual(self.callable_resolver.resolve404(), handler)
          self.assertEqual(self.callable_resolver.resolve500(), handler)
  
  
  @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='urlpatterns_reverse.urls_without_full_import')
  class DefaultErrorHandlerTests(TestCase):
  
      def test_default_handler(self):
          "If the urls.py doesn't specify handlers, the defaults are used"
          try:
              response = self.client.get('/test/')
              self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
          except AttributeError:
              self.fail("Shouldn't get an AttributeError due to undefined 404 handler")
  
          try:
              self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.client.get, '/bad_view/')
          except AttributeError:
              self.fail("Shouldn't get an AttributeError due to undefined 500 handler")
  
  
  @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF=None)
  class NoRootUrlConfTests(TestCase):
      """Tests for handler404 and handler500 if urlconf is None"""
  
      def test_no_handler_exception(self):
          self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured, self.client.get, '/test/me/')
  
  
  @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='urlpatterns_reverse.namespace_urls')
  class ResolverMatchTests(TestCase):
  
      def test_urlpattern_resolve(self):
          for path, name, app_name, namespace, func, args, kwargs in resolve_test_data:
              # Test legacy support for extracting "function, args, kwargs"
              match_func, match_args, match_kwargs = resolve(path)
              self.assertEqual(match_func, func)
              self.assertEqual(match_args, args)
              self.assertEqual(match_kwargs, kwargs)
  
              # Test ResolverMatch capabilities.
              match = resolve(path)
              self.assertEqual(match.__class__, ResolverMatch)
              self.assertEqual(match.url_name, name)
              self.assertEqual(match.args, args)
              self.assertEqual(match.kwargs, kwargs)
              self.assertEqual(match.app_name, app_name)
              self.assertEqual(match.namespace, namespace)
              self.assertEqual(match.func, func)
  
              # ... and for legacy purposes:
              self.assertEqual(match[0], func)
              self.assertEqual(match[1], args)
              self.assertEqual(match[2], kwargs)
  
      def test_resolver_match_on_request(self):
          response = self.client.get('/resolver_match/')
          resolver_match = response.resolver_match
          self.assertEqual(resolver_match.url_name, 'test-resolver-match')
  
      def test_resolver_match_on_request_before_resolution(self):
          request = HttpRequest()
          self.assertIsNone(request.resolver_match)
  
  
  @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='urlpatterns_reverse.erroneous_urls')
  class ErroneousViewTests(TestCase):
  
      def test_erroneous_resolve(self):
          self.assertRaises(ImportError, self.client.get, '/erroneous_inner/')
          self.assertRaises(ImportError, self.client.get, '/erroneous_outer/')
          self.assertRaises(ViewDoesNotExist, self.client.get, '/missing_inner/')
          self.assertRaises(ViewDoesNotExist, self.client.get, '/missing_outer/')
          self.assertRaises(ViewDoesNotExist, self.client.get, '/uncallable/')
  
      def test_erroneous_reverse(self):
          """
          Ensure that a useful exception is raised when a regex is invalid in the
          URLConf.
          Refs #6170.
          """
          # The regex error will be hit before NoReverseMatch can be raised
          self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured, reverse, 'whatever blah blah')
  
  
  class ViewLoadingTests(TestCase):
      def test_view_loading(self):
          self.assertEqual(get_callable('urlpatterns_reverse.views.empty_view'),
                           empty_view)
  
          # passing a callable should return the callable
          self.assertEqual(get_callable(empty_view), empty_view)
  
      def test_exceptions(self):
          # A missing view (identified by an AttributeError) should raise
          # ViewDoesNotExist, ...
          six.assertRaisesRegex(self, ViewDoesNotExist,
                                ".*View does not exist in.*",
                                get_callable,
                                'urlpatterns_reverse.views.i_should_not_exist')
          # ... but if the AttributeError is caused by something else don't
          # swallow it.
          self.assertRaises(AttributeError, get_callable,
                            'urlpatterns_reverse.views_broken.i_am_broken')
  