text: #ifndef OSMIUM_OSM_TYPES_FROM_STRING_HPP
  #define OSMIUM_OSM_TYPES_FROM_STRING_HPP
  
  /*
  
  This file is part of Osmium (http://osmcode.org/libosmium).
  
  Copyright 2013-2017 Jochen Topf <jochen@topf.org> and others (see README).
  
  Boost Software License - Version 1.0 - August 17th, 2003
  
  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
  obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
  this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,
  execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
  Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
  do so, all subject to the following:
  
  The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
  the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
  must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
  all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
  works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
  a source language processor.
  
  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
  SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
  FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
  ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
  DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  
  */
  
  #include <cassert>
  #include <cctype>
  #include <cstdlib>
  #include <limits>
  #include <stdexcept>
  #include <string>
  #include <utility>
  
  #include <osmium/osm/entity_bits.hpp>
  #include <osmium/osm/item_type.hpp>
  #include <osmium/osm/types.hpp>
  #include <osmium/util/cast.hpp>
  
  namespace osmium {
  
      /**
       * Convert string with object id to object_id_type.
       *
       * @pre @code input != nullptr @endcode
       *
       * @param input Input string.
       *
       * @throws std::range_error if the value is out of range.
       */
      inline object_id_type string_to_object_id(const char* input) {
          assert(input);
          if (*input != '\0' && !std::isspace(*input)) {
              char* end;
              auto id = std::strtoll(input, &end, 10);
              if (id != std::numeric_limits<long long>::min() && id != std::numeric_limits<long long>::max() && *end == '\0') {
                  return id;
              }
          }
          throw std::range_error(std::string("illegal id: '") + input + "'");
      }
  
      /**
       * Parse string with object type identifier followed by object id. This
       * reads strings like "n1234" and "w10". If there is no type prefix,
       * the default_type is returned.
       *
       * @pre @code input != nullptr @endcode
       * @pre @code types != osmium::osm_entity_bits::nothing @endcode
       *
       * @param input Input string.
       * @param types Allowed types. Must not be osmium::osm_entity_bits::nothing.
       * @param default_type Type used when there is no type prefix.
       *
       * @returns std::pair of type and id.
       *
       * @throws std::range_error if the value is out of range.
       */
      inline std::pair<osmium::item_type, osmium::object_id_type>
      string_to_object_id(const char* input,
                          osmium::osm_entity_bits::type types,
                          osmium::item_type default_type = osmium::item_type::undefined) {
          assert(input);
          assert(types != osmium::osm_entity_bits::nothing);
          if (*input != '\0') {
              if (std::isdigit(*input)) {
                  return std::make_pair(default_type, string_to_object_id(input));
              }
              osmium::item_type t = osmium::char_to_item_type(*input);
              if (osmium::osm_entity_bits::from_item_type(t) & types) {
                  return std::make_pair(t, string_to_object_id(input + 1));
              }
          }
          throw std::range_error(std::string("not a valid id: '") + input + "'");
      }
  
      namespace detail {
  
          inline unsigned long string_to_ulong(const char* input, const char* name) {
              if (*input != '\0' && *input != '-' && !std::isspace(*input)) {
                  char* end;
                  auto value = std::strtoul(input, &end, 10);
                  if (value != std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max() && *end == '\0') {
                      return value;
                  }
              }
              throw std::range_error(std::string("illegal ") + name + ": '" + input + "'");
          }
  
      } // namespace detail
  
      /**
       * Convert string with object version to object_version_type.
       *
       * @pre input must not be nullptr.
       *
       * @param input Input string.
       *
       * @throws std::range_error if the value is out of range.
       */
      inline object_version_type string_to_object_version(const char* input) {
          assert(input);
          return static_cast_with_assert<object_version_type>(detail::string_to_ulong(input, "version"));
      }
  
      /**
       * Convert string with changeset id to changeset_id_type.
       *
       * @pre input must not be nullptr.
       *
       * @param input Input string.
       *
       * @throws std::range_error if the value is out of range.
       */
      inline changeset_id_type string_to_changeset_id(const char* input) {
          assert(input);
          return static_cast_with_assert<changeset_id_type>(detail::string_to_ulong(input, "changeset"));
      }
  
      /**
       * Convert string with user id to signed_user_id_type.
       *
       * @pre input must not be nullptr.
       *
       * @param input Input string.
       *
       * @throws std::range_error if the value is out of range.
       */
      inline signed_user_id_type string_to_user_id(const char* input) {
          assert(input);
          if (input[0] == '-' && input[1] == '1' && input[2] == '\0') {
              return -1;
          }
          return static_cast_with_assert<signed_user_id_type>(detail::string_to_ulong(input, "user id"));
      }
  
      /**
       * Convert string with number of changes to num_changes_type.
       *
       * @pre input must not be nullptr.
       *
       * @param input Input string.
       *
       * @throws std::range_error if the value is out of range.
       */
      inline num_changes_type string_to_num_changes(const char* input) {
          assert(input);
          return static_cast_with_assert<num_changes_type>(detail::string_to_ulong(input, "value for num changes"));
      }
  
      /**
       * Convert string with number of comments to num_comments_type.
       *
       * @pre input must not be nullptr.
       *
       * @param input Input string.
       *
       * @throws std::range_error if the value is out of range.
       */
      inline num_comments_type string_to_num_comments(const char* input) {
          assert(input);
          return static_cast_with_assert<num_comments_type>(detail::string_to_ulong(input, "value for num comments"));
      }
  
  } // namespace osmium
  
  #endif // OSMIUM_OSM_TYPES_FROM_STRING_HPP
  