text: /****************************************************************************
   *
   *   Copyright (c) 2013-2014 PX4 Development Team. All rights reserved.
   *
   * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   * are met:
   *
   * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
   *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
   *    distribution.
   * 3. Neither the name PX4 nor the names of its contributors may be
   *    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   *    without specific prior written permission.
   *
   * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
   * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
   * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
   * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
   * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
   * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
   * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
   * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
   * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
   * ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
   * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
   *
   ****************************************************************************/
  
  /**
   * @file mtd.c
   *
   * mtd service and utility app.
   *
   * @author Lorenz Meier <lm@inf.ethz.ch>
   */
  
  #include <px4_config.h>
  #include <px4_log.h>
  #include <px4_module.h>
  
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <stdbool.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <sys/mount.h>
  #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  #include <sys/stat.h>
  
  #include <nuttx/spi/spi.h>
  #include <nuttx/mtd/mtd.h>
  #include <nuttx/fs/nxffs.h>
  #include <nuttx/fs/ioctl.h>
  #include <nuttx/drivers/drivers.h>
  
  #include <arch/board/board.h>
  
  #include "systemlib/px4_macros.h"
  #include <parameters/param.h>
  
  #include <board_config.h>
  
  __EXPORT int mtd_main(int argc, char *argv[]);
  
  #ifndef CONFIG_MTD
  
  /* create a fake command with decent warning to not confuse users */
  int mtd_main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
  	PX4_WARN("MTD not enabled, skipping.");
  	return 1;
  }
  
  #else
  
  #  if defined(BOARD_HAS_MTD_PARTITION_OVERRIDE)
  #    define MTD_PARTITION_TABLE  BOARD_HAS_MTD_PARTITION_OVERRIDE
  #  else
  #   define MTD_PARTITION_TABLE  {"/fs/mtd_params", "/fs/mtd_waypoints"}
  #  endif
  
  
  #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_RAMTRON
  static int	ramtron_attach(void);
  #else
  
  #ifndef PX4_I2C_BUS_MTD
  #  ifdef PX4_I2C_BUS_ONBOARD
  #    define PX4_I2C_BUS_MTD PX4_I2C_BUS_ONBOARD
  #  else
  #    error PX4_I2C_BUS_MTD and PX4_I2C_BUS_ONBOARD not defined, cannot locate onboard EEPROM
  #  endif
  #endif
  
  
  static int	at24xxx_attach(void);
  #endif
  static int	mtd_start(char *partition_names[], unsigned n_partitions);
  static int	mtd_erase(char *partition_names[], unsigned n_partitions);
  static int	mtd_readtest(char *partition_names[], unsigned n_partitions);
  static int	mtd_rwtest(char *partition_names[], unsigned n_partitions);
  static int	mtd_print_info(void);
  static int	mtd_get_geometry(unsigned long *blocksize, unsigned long *erasesize, unsigned long *neraseblocks,
  				 unsigned *blkpererase, unsigned *nblocks, unsigned *partsize, unsigned n_partitions);
  
  static bool attached = false;
  static bool started = false;
  static struct mtd_dev_s *mtd_dev;
  static unsigned n_partitions_current = 0;
  
  /* note, these will be equally sized */
  static char *partition_names_default[] = MTD_PARTITION_TABLE;
  static const int n_partitions_default = arraySize(partition_names_default);
  
  static int
  mtd_status(void)
  {
  	if (!attached) {
  		PX4_ERR("MTD driver not started");
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	return mtd_print_info();
  }
  
  static void	print_usage(void)
  {
  	PRINT_MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Utility to mount and test partitions (based on FRAM/EEPROM storage as defined by the board)");
  
  	PRINT_MODULE_USAGE_NAME("mtd", "command");
  	PRINT_MODULE_USAGE_COMMAND_DESCR("status", "Print status information");
  
  	PRINT_MODULE_USAGE_COMMAND_DESCR("start", "Mount partitions");
  	PRINT_MODULE_USAGE_COMMAND_DESCR("readtest", "Perform read test");
  	PRINT_MODULE_USAGE_COMMAND_DESCR("rwtest", "Perform read-write test");
  	PRINT_MODULE_USAGE_COMMAND_DESCR("erase", "Erase partition(s)");
  
  	PRINT_MODULE_USAGE_PARAM_COMMENT("The commands 'start', 'readtest', 'rwtest' and 'erase' have an optional parameter:");
  	PRINT_MODULE_USAGE_ARG("<partition_name1> [<partition_name2> ...]",
  			       "Partition names (eg. /fs/mtd_params), use system default if not provided", true);
  }
  
  int mtd_main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
  	if (argc >= 2) {
  		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "start")) {
  
  			/* start mapping according to user request */
  			if (argc >= 3) {
  				return mtd_start(argv + 2, argc - 2);
  
  			} else {
  				return mtd_start(partition_names_default, n_partitions_default);
  			}
  		}
  
  		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "readtest")) {
  			if (argc >= 3) {
  				return mtd_readtest(argv + 2, argc - 2);
  
  			} else {
  				return mtd_readtest(partition_names_default, n_partitions_default);
  			}
  		}
  
  		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "rwtest")) {
  			if (argc >= 3) {
  				return mtd_rwtest(argv + 2, argc - 2);
  
  			} else {
  				return mtd_rwtest(partition_names_default, n_partitions_default);
  			}
  		}
  
  		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "status")) {
  			return mtd_status();
  		}
  
  		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "erase")) {
  			if (argc >= 3) {
  				return mtd_erase(argv + 2, argc - 2);
  
  			} else {
  				return mtd_erase(partition_names_default, n_partitions_default);
  			}
  		}
  	}
  
  	print_usage();
  	return 1;
  }
  
  struct mtd_dev_s *ramtron_initialize(FAR struct spi_dev_s *dev);
  struct mtd_dev_s *mtd_partition(FAR struct mtd_dev_s *mtd,
  				off_t firstblock, off_t nblocks);
  
  #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_RAMTRON
  static int
  ramtron_attach(void)
  {
  	/* initialize the right spi */
  	struct spi_dev_s *spi = px4_spibus_initialize(PX4_SPI_BUS_RAMTRON);
  
  	if (spi == NULL) {
  		PX4_ERR("failed to locate spi bus");
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	/* this resets the spi bus, set correct bus speed again */
  	SPI_SETFREQUENCY(spi, 10 * 1000 * 1000);
  	SPI_SETBITS(spi, 8);
  	SPI_SETMODE(spi, SPIDEV_MODE3);
  	SPI_SELECT(spi, SPIDEV_FLASH(0), false);
  
  	/* start the RAMTRON driver, attempt 5 times */
  
  	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  		mtd_dev = ramtron_initialize(spi);
  
  		if (mtd_dev) {
  			/* abort on first valid result */
  			if (i > 0) {
  				PX4_WARN("mtd needed %d attempts to attach", i + 1);
  			}
  
  			break;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* if last attempt is still unsuccessful, abort */
  	if (mtd_dev == NULL) {
  		PX4_ERR("failed to initialize mtd driver");
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	int ret = mtd_dev->ioctl(mtd_dev, MTDIOC_SETSPEED, (unsigned long)10 * 1000 * 1000);
  
  	if (ret != OK) {
  		// FIXME: From the previous warning call, it looked like this should have been fatal error instead. Tried
  		// that but setting the bus speed does fail all the time. Which was then exiting and the board would
  		// not run correctly. So changed to PX4_WARN.
  		PX4_WARN("failed to set bus speed");
  	}
  
  	attached = true;
  	return 0;
  }
  #else
  
  static int
  at24xxx_attach(void)
  {
  	/* find the right I2C */
  	struct i2c_master_s *i2c = px4_i2cbus_initialize(PX4_I2C_BUS_MTD);
  
  	if (i2c == NULL) {
  		PX4_ERR("failed to locate I2C bus");
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	/* start the MTD driver, attempt 5 times */
  	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  		mtd_dev = at24c_initialize(i2c);
  
  		if (mtd_dev) {
  			/* abort on first valid result */
  			if (i > 0) {
  				PX4_WARN("EEPROM needed %d attempts to attach", i + 1);
  			}
  
  			break;
  		}
  	}
  
  	/* if last attempt is still unsuccessful, abort */
  	if (mtd_dev == NULL) {
  		PX4_ERR("failed to initialize EEPROM driver");
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	attached = true;
  	return 0;
  }
  #endif
  
  static int
  mtd_start(char *partition_names[], unsigned n_partitions)
  {
  	int ret;
  
  	if (started) {
  		PX4_ERR("mtd already mounted");
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	if (!attached) {
  #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_RAMTRON
  		ret = ramtron_attach();
  #else
  		ret = at24xxx_attach();
  #endif
  
  		if (ret != 0) {
  			return ret;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (!mtd_dev) {
  		PX4_ERR("Failed to create RAMTRON FRAM MTD instance");
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	unsigned long blocksize, erasesize, neraseblocks;
  	unsigned blkpererase, nblocks, partsize;
  
  	ret = mtd_get_geometry(&blocksize, &erasesize, &neraseblocks, &blkpererase, &nblocks, &partsize, n_partitions);
  
  	if (ret) {
  		return ret;
  	}
  
  	/* Now create MTD FLASH partitions */
  
  	FAR struct mtd_dev_s *part[n_partitions];
  	char blockname[32];
  
  	unsigned offset;
  	unsigned i;
  
  	for (offset = 0, i = 0; i < n_partitions; offset += nblocks, i++) {
  
  		/* Create the partition */
  
  		part[i] = mtd_partition(mtd_dev, offset, nblocks);
  
  		if (!part[i]) {
  			PX4_ERR("mtd_partition failed. offset=%lu nblocks=%lu",
  				(unsigned long)offset, (unsigned long)nblocks);
  			return 1;
  		}
  
  		/* Initialize to provide an FTL block driver on the MTD FLASH interface */
  
  		snprintf(blockname, sizeof(blockname), "/dev/mtdblock%d", i);
  
  		ret = ftl_initialize(i, part[i]);
  
  		if (ret < 0) {
  			PX4_ERR("ftl_initialize %s failed: %d", blockname, ret);
  			return 1;
  		}
  
  		/* Now create a character device on the block device */
  
  		ret = bchdev_register(blockname, partition_names[i], false);
  
  		if (ret < 0) {
  			PX4_ERR("bchdev_register %s failed: %d", partition_names[i], ret);
  			return 1;
  		}
  	}
  
  	n_partitions_current = n_partitions;
  
  	started = true;
  	return 0;
  }
  
  int mtd_get_geometry(unsigned long *blocksize, unsigned long *erasesize, unsigned long *neraseblocks,
  		     unsigned *blkpererase, unsigned *nblocks, unsigned *partsize, unsigned n_partitions)
  {
  	/* Get the geometry of the FLASH device */
  
  	FAR struct mtd_geometry_s geo;
  
  	int ret = mtd_dev->ioctl(mtd_dev, MTDIOC_GEOMETRY, (unsigned long)((uintptr_t)&geo));
  
  	if (ret < 0) {
  		PX4_ERR("mtd->ioctl failed: %d", ret);
  		return ret;
  	}
  
  	*blocksize = geo.blocksize;
  	*erasesize = geo.erasesize;
  	*neraseblocks = geo.neraseblocks;
  
  	/* Determine the size of each partition.  Make each partition an even
  	 * multiple of the erase block size (perhaps not using some space at the
  	 * end of the FLASH).
  	 */
  
  	*blkpererase = geo.erasesize / geo.blocksize;
  	*nblocks     = (geo.neraseblocks / n_partitions) * *blkpererase;
  	*partsize    = *nblocks * geo.blocksize;
  
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /*
    get partition size in bytes
   */
  static ssize_t mtd_get_partition_size(void)
  {
  	unsigned long blocksize, erasesize, neraseblocks;
  	unsigned blkpererase, nblocks, partsize = 0;
  
  	int ret = mtd_get_geometry(&blocksize, &erasesize, &neraseblocks, &blkpererase, &nblocks, &partsize,
  				   n_partitions_current);
  
  	if (ret != OK) {
  		PX4_ERR("Failed to get geometry");
  		return 0;
  	}
  
  	return partsize;
  }
  
  int mtd_print_info(void)
  {
  	if (!attached) {
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	unsigned long blocksize, erasesize, neraseblocks;
  	unsigned blkpererase, nblocks, partsize;
  
  	int ret = mtd_get_geometry(&blocksize, &erasesize, &neraseblocks, &blkpererase, &nblocks, &partsize,
  				   n_partitions_current);
  
  	if (ret) {
  		return ret;
  	}
  
  	PX4_INFO("Flash Geometry:");
  
  	printf("  blocksize:      %lu\n", blocksize);
  	printf("  erasesize:      %lu\n", erasesize);
  	printf("  neraseblocks:   %lu\n", neraseblocks);
  	printf("  No. partitions: %u\n", n_partitions_current);
  	printf("  Partition size: %u Blocks (%u bytes)\n", nblocks, partsize);
  	printf("  TOTAL SIZE: %u KiB\n", neraseblocks * erasesize / 1024);
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  int
  mtd_erase(char *partition_names[], unsigned n_partitions)
  {
  	uint8_t v[64];
  	memset(v, 0xFF, sizeof(v));
  
  	for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_partitions; i++) {
  		uint32_t count = 0;
  		printf("Erasing %s\n", partition_names[i]);
  		int fd = open(partition_names[i], O_WRONLY);
  
  		if (fd == -1) {
  			PX4_ERR("Failed to open partition");
  			return 1;
  		}
  
  		while (write(fd, v, sizeof(v)) == sizeof(v)) {
  			count += sizeof(v);
  		}
  
  		printf("Erased %lu bytes\n", (unsigned long)count);
  		close(fd);
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /*
    readtest is useful during startup to validate the device is
    responding on the bus. It relies on the driver returning an error on
    bad reads (the ramtron driver does return an error)
   */
  int
  mtd_readtest(char *partition_names[], unsigned n_partitions)
  {
  	ssize_t expected_size = mtd_get_partition_size();
  
  	if (expected_size == 0) {
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	uint8_t v[128];
  
  	for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_partitions; i++) {
  		ssize_t count = 0;
  		printf("reading %s expecting %u bytes\n", partition_names[i], expected_size);
  		int fd = open(partition_names[i], O_RDONLY);
  
  		if (fd == -1) {
  			PX4_ERR("Failed to open partition");
  			return 1;
  		}
  
  		while (read(fd, v, sizeof(v)) == sizeof(v)) {
  			count += sizeof(v);
  		}
  
  		if (count != expected_size) {
  			PX4_ERR("Failed to read partition - got %u/%u bytes", count, expected_size);
  			return 1;
  		}
  
  		close(fd);
  	}
  
  	printf("readtest OK\n");
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /*
    rwtest is useful during startup to validate the device is
    responding on the bus for both reads and writes. It reads data in
    blocks and writes the data back, then reads it again, failing if the
    data isn't the same
   */
  int
  mtd_rwtest(char *partition_names[], unsigned n_partitions)
  {
  	ssize_t expected_size = mtd_get_partition_size();
  
  	if (expected_size == 0) {
  		return 1;
  	}
  
  	uint8_t v[128], v2[128];
  
  	for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_partitions; i++) {
  		ssize_t count = 0;
  		off_t offset = 0;
  		printf("rwtest %s testing %u bytes\n", partition_names[i], expected_size);
  		int fd = open(partition_names[i], O_RDWR);
  
  		if (fd == -1) {
  			PX4_ERR("Failed to open partition");
  			return 1;
  		}
  
  		while (read(fd, v, sizeof(v)) == sizeof(v)) {
  			count += sizeof(v);
  
  			if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) != offset) {
  				PX4_ERR("seek failed");
  				return 1;
  			}
  
  			if (write(fd, v, sizeof(v)) != sizeof(v)) {
  				PX4_ERR("write failed");
  				return 1;
  			}
  
  			if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) != offset) {
  				PX4_ERR("seek failed");
  				return 1;
  			}
  
  			if (read(fd, v2, sizeof(v2)) != sizeof(v2)) {
  				PX4_ERR("read failed");
  				return 1;
  			}
  
  			if (memcmp(v, v2, sizeof(v2)) != 0) {
  				PX4_ERR("memcmp failed");
  				return 1;
  			}
  
  			offset += sizeof(v);
  		}
  
  		if (count != expected_size) {
  			PX4_ERR("Failed to read partition - got %u/%u bytes", count, expected_size);
  			return 1;
  		}
  
  		close(fd);
  	}
  
  	printf("rwtest OK\n");
  	return 0;
  }
  
  #endif
  