text: from random import shuffle
  
  # returns edges in tuple, and edge counts for each tuple of edges
  def randEdges(d, e):
      edges = [(k,k) for k in range(d)] # self identifying edges(used in pagerank function)
      for _ in range(e):
          l = list(range(d))
          shuffle(l)
          edges.append(tuple(l[:2]))
      return tuple(edges), {e: edges.count(e) for e in set(edges)}
  