text: import hmac
  import hashlib
  import datetime
  
  try:
      # python 2
      from urllib import quote
      from urlparse import urlparse
  except ImportError:
      # python 3
      from urllib.parse import quote, urlparse
      
  try:
      # python 2
      basestring
  except NameError:
      # python 3
      basestring = str
  
  import requests
  
  
  def sign(key, msg):
      """
      Copied from https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/sigv4-signed-request-examples.html
      """
      return hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), hashlib.sha256).digest()
  
  
  def getSignatureKey(key, dateStamp, regionName, serviceName):
      """
      Copied from https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/sigv4-signed-request-examples.html
      """
      kDate = sign(('AWS4' + key).encode('utf-8'), dateStamp)
      kRegion = sign(kDate, regionName)
      kService = sign(kRegion, serviceName)
      kSigning = sign(kService, 'aws4_request')
      return kSigning
  
  
  class AWSRequestsAuth(requests.auth.AuthBase):
      """
      Auth class that allows us to connect to AWS services
      via Amazon's signature version 4 signing process
  
      Adapted from https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/sigv4-signed-request-examples.html
      """
  
      def __init__(self,
                   aws_access_key,
                   aws_secret_access_key,
                   aws_host,
                   aws_region,
                   aws_service,
                   aws_token=None):
          """
          Example usage for talking to an AWS Elasticsearch Service:
  
          AWSRequestsAuth(aws_access_key='YOURKEY',
                          aws_secret_access_key='YOURSECRET',
                          aws_host='search-service-foobar.us-east-1.es.amazonaws.com',
                          aws_region='us-east-1',
                          aws_service='es',
                          aws_token='...')
  
          The aws_token is optional and is used only if you are using STS
          temporary credentials.
          """
          self.aws_access_key = aws_access_key
          self.aws_secret_access_key = aws_secret_access_key
          self.aws_host = aws_host
          self.aws_region = aws_region
          self.service = aws_service
          self.aws_token = aws_token
  
      def __call__(self, r):
          """
          Adds the authorization headers required by Amazon's signature
          version 4 signing process to the request.
  
          Adapted from https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/sigv4-signed-request-examples.html
          """
          aws_headers = self.get_aws_request_headers_handler(r)
          r.headers.update(aws_headers)
          return r
  
      def get_aws_request_headers_handler(self, r):
          """
          Override get_aws_request_headers_handler() if you have a
          subclass that needs to call get_aws_request_headers() with
          an arbitrary set of AWS credentials. The default implementation
          calls get_aws_request_headers() with self.aws_access_key,
          self.aws_secret_access_key, and self.aws_token
          """
          return self.get_aws_request_headers(r=r,
                                              aws_access_key=self.aws_access_key,
                                              aws_secret_access_key=self.aws_secret_access_key,
                                              aws_token=self.aws_token)
  
      def get_aws_request_headers(self, r, aws_access_key, aws_secret_access_key, aws_token):
          """
          Returns a dictionary containing the necessary headers for Amazon's
          signature version 4 signing process. An example return value might
          look like
  
              {
                  'Authorization': 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=YOURKEY/20160618/us-east-1/es/aws4_request, '
                                   'SignedHeaders=host;x-amz-date, '
                                   'Signature=ca0a856286efce2a4bd96a978ca6c8966057e53184776c0685169d08abd74739',
                  'x-amz-date': '20160618T220405Z',
              }
          """
          # Create a date for headers and the credential string
          t = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
          amzdate = t.strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ')
          datestamp = t.strftime('%Y%m%d')  # Date w/o time for credential_scope
  
          canonical_uri = AWSRequestsAuth.get_canonical_path(r)
  
          canonical_querystring = AWSRequestsAuth.get_canonical_querystring(r)
  
          # Create the canonical headers and signed headers. Header names
          # and value must be trimmed and lowercase, and sorted in ASCII order.
          # Note that there is a trailing \n.
          canonical_headers = ('host:' + self.aws_host + '\n' +
                               'x-amz-date:' + amzdate + '\n')
          if aws_token:
              canonical_headers += 'x-amz-security-token:' + aws_token + '\n'
  
          # Create the list of signed headers. This lists the headers
          # in the canonical_headers list, delimited with ";" and in alpha order.
          # Note: The request can include any headers; canonical_headers and
          # signed_headers lists those that you want to be included in the
          # hash of the request. "Host" and "x-amz-date" are always required.
          signed_headers = 'host;x-amz-date'
          if aws_token:
              signed_headers += ';x-amz-security-token'
  
          # Create payload hash (hash of the request body content). For GET
          # requests, the payload is an empty string ('').
          if hasattr(r, "body"):
              body = r.body if r.body else bytes()
          else:
              body = r.stream.body if r.stream and r.stream.body else bytes()
  
          try:
              body = body.encode('utf-8')
          except (AttributeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
              # On py2, if unicode characters in present in `body`,
              # encode() throws UnicodeDecodeError, but we can safely
              # pass unencoded `body` to execute hexdigest().
              #
              # For py3, encode() will execute successfully regardless
              # of the presence of unicode data
              body = body
  
          payload_hash = hashlib.sha256(body).hexdigest()
  
          # Combine elements to create create canonical request
          canonical_request = (r.method + '\n' + canonical_uri + '\n' +
                               canonical_querystring + '\n' + canonical_headers +
                               '\n' + signed_headers + '\n' + payload_hash)
  
          # Match the algorithm to the hashing algorithm you use, either SHA-1 or
          # SHA-256 (recommended)
          algorithm = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256'
          credential_scope = (datestamp + '/' + self.aws_region + '/' +
                              self.service + '/' + 'aws4_request')
          string_to_sign = (algorithm + '\n' + amzdate + '\n' + credential_scope +
                            '\n' + hashlib.sha256(canonical_request.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest())
  
          # Create the signing key using the function defined above.
          signing_key = getSignatureKey(aws_secret_access_key,
                                        datestamp,
                                        self.aws_region,
                                        self.service)
  
          # Sign the string_to_sign using the signing_key
          string_to_sign_utf8 = string_to_sign.encode('utf-8')
          signature = hmac.new(signing_key,
                               string_to_sign_utf8,
                               hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()
  
          # The signing information can be either in a query string value or in
          # a header named Authorization. This code shows how to use a header.
          # Create authorization header and add to request headers
          authorization_header = (algorithm + ' ' + 'Credential=' + aws_access_key +
                                  '/' + credential_scope + ', ' + 'SignedHeaders=' +
                                  signed_headers + ', ' + 'Signature=' + signature)
  
          headers = {
              'Authorization': authorization_header,
              'x-amz-date': amzdate,
              'x-amz-content-sha256': payload_hash
          }
          if aws_token:
              headers['X-Amz-Security-Token'] = aws_token
          return headers
  
      @classmethod
      def get_canonical_path(cls, r):
          """
          Create canonical URI--the part of the URI from domain to query
          string (use '/' if no path)
          """
          if isinstance(r.url, basestring):
              parsedurl = urlparse(r.url)
          else:
              parsedurl = r.url
  
          # safe chars adapted from boto's use of urllib.parse.quote
          # https://github.com/boto/boto/blob/d9e5cfe900e1a58717e393c76a6e3580305f217a/boto/auth.py#L393
          return quote(parsedurl.path if parsedurl.path else '/', safe='/-_.~')
  
      @classmethod
      def get_canonical_querystring(cls, r):
          """
          Create the canonical query string. According to AWS, by the
          end of this function our query string values must
          be URL-encoded (space=%20) and the parameters must be sorted
          by name.
  
          This method assumes that the query params in `r` are *already*
          url encoded.  If they are not url encoded by the time they make
          it to this function, AWS may complain that the signature for your
          request is incorrect.
  
          It appears elasticsearc-py url encodes query paramaters on its own:
              https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch-py/blob/5dfd6985e5d32ea353d2b37d01c2521b2089ac2b/elasticsearch/connection/http_requests.py#L64
  
          If you are using a different client than elasticsearch-py, it
          will be your responsibility to urleconde your query params before
          this method is called.
          """
          canonical_querystring = ''
  
          if isinstance(r.url, basestring):
              parsedurl = urlparse(r.url)
          else:
              parsedurl = r.url
          querystring_sorted = '&'.join(sorted(parsedurl.query.split('&')))
  
          for query_param in querystring_sorted.split('&'):
              key_val_split = query_param.split('=', 1)
  
              key = key_val_split[0]
              if len(key_val_split) > 1:
                  val = key_val_split[1]
              else:
                  val = ''
  
              if key:
                  if canonical_querystring:
                      canonical_querystring += "&"
                  canonical_querystring += u'='.join([key, val])
  
          return canonical_querystring
  