text: /*
   * Copyright (c) 2018-2020, Andreas Kling <kling@serenityos.org>
   * Copyright (c) 2019-2020, Shannon Booth <shannon.ml.booth@gmail.com>
   *
   * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
   */
  
  #include <AK/Assertions.h>
  #include <AK/Function.h>
  #include <AK/String.h>
  #include <Kernel/Arch/x86/IO.h>
  #include <LibCore/ArgsParser.h>
  #include <LibCore/Object.h>
  #include <LibTest/CrashTest.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <sys/mman.h>
  #include <sys/wait.h>
  #include <syscall.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  
  using Test::Crash;
  
  #ifdef __clang__
  #    pragma clang optimize off
  #else
  #    pragma GCC optimize("O0")
  #endif
  
  int main(int argc, char** argv)
  {
      bool do_all_crash_types = false;
      bool do_segmentation_violation = false;
      bool do_division_by_zero = false;
      bool do_illegal_instruction = false;
      bool do_abort = false;
      bool do_write_to_uninitialized_malloc_memory = false;
      bool do_write_to_freed_memory = false;
      bool do_write_to_read_only_memory = false;
      bool do_read_from_uninitialized_malloc_memory = false;
      bool do_read_from_freed_memory = false;
      bool do_invalid_stack_pointer_on_syscall = false;
      bool do_invalid_stack_pointer_on_page_fault = false;
      bool do_syscall_from_writeable_memory = false;
      bool do_legitimate_syscall = false;
      bool do_execute_non_executable_memory = false;
      bool do_trigger_user_mode_instruction_prevention = false;
      bool do_use_io_instruction = false;
      bool do_read_cpu_counter = false;
      bool do_pledge_violation = false;
      bool do_failing_assertion = false;
      bool do_deref_null_refptr = false;
  
      auto args_parser = Core::ArgsParser();
      args_parser.set_general_help(
          "Exercise error-handling paths of the execution environment "
          "(i.e., Kernel or UE) by crashing in many different ways.");
      args_parser.add_option(do_all_crash_types, "Test that all (except -U) of the following crash types crash as expected (default behavior)", nullptr, 'A');
      args_parser.add_option(do_segmentation_violation, "Perform a segmentation violation by dereferencing an invalid pointer", nullptr, 's');
      args_parser.add_option(do_division_by_zero, "Perform a division by zero", nullptr, 'd');
      args_parser.add_option(do_illegal_instruction, "Execute an illegal CPU instruction", nullptr, 'i');
      args_parser.add_option(do_abort, "Call `abort()`", nullptr, 'a');
      args_parser.add_option(do_read_from_uninitialized_malloc_memory, "Read a pointer from uninitialized malloc memory, then read from it", nullptr, 'm');
      args_parser.add_option(do_read_from_freed_memory, "Read a pointer from memory freed using `free()`, then read from it", nullptr, 'f');
      args_parser.add_option(do_write_to_uninitialized_malloc_memory, "Read a pointer from uninitialized malloc memory, then write to it", nullptr, 'M');
      args_parser.add_option(do_write_to_freed_memory, "Read a pointer from memory freed using `free()`, then write to it", nullptr, 'F');
      args_parser.add_option(do_write_to_read_only_memory, "Write to read-only memory", nullptr, 'r');
      args_parser.add_option(do_invalid_stack_pointer_on_syscall, "Make a syscall while using an invalid stack pointer", nullptr, 'T');
      args_parser.add_option(do_invalid_stack_pointer_on_page_fault, "Trigger a page fault while using an invalid stack pointer", nullptr, 't');
      args_parser.add_option(do_syscall_from_writeable_memory, "Make a syscall from writeable memory", nullptr, 'S');
      args_parser.add_option(do_legitimate_syscall, "Make a syscall from legitimate memory (but outside msyscall)", nullptr, 'y');
      args_parser.add_option(do_execute_non_executable_memory, "Attempt to execute non-executable memory (not mapped with PROT_EXEC)", nullptr, 'X');
      args_parser.add_option(do_trigger_user_mode_instruction_prevention, "Attempt to trigger an x86 User Mode Instruction Prevention fault. WARNING: This test runs only when invoked manually, see #10042.", nullptr, 'U');
      args_parser.add_option(do_use_io_instruction, "Use an x86 I/O instruction in userspace", nullptr, 'I');
      args_parser.add_option(do_read_cpu_counter, "Read the x86 TSC (Time Stamp Counter) directly", nullptr, 'c');
      args_parser.add_option(do_pledge_violation, "Violate pledge()'d promises", nullptr, 'p');
      args_parser.add_option(do_failing_assertion, "Perform a failing assertion", nullptr, 'n');
      args_parser.add_option(do_deref_null_refptr, "Dereference a null RefPtr", nullptr, 'R');
  
      if (argc == 1) {
          do_all_crash_types = true;
      } else if (argc != 2) {
          args_parser.print_usage(stderr, argv[0]);
          exit(1);
      }
  
      args_parser.parse(argc, argv);
  
      Crash::RunType run_type = do_all_crash_types ? Crash::RunType::UsingChildProcess
                                                   : Crash::RunType::UsingCurrentProcess;
      bool any_failures = false;
  
      if (do_segmentation_violation || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Segmentation violation", []() {
              volatile int* crashme = nullptr;
              *crashme = 0xbeef;
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_division_by_zero || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Division by zero", []() {
              volatile int lala = 10;
              volatile int zero = 0;
              [[maybe_unused]] volatile int test = lala / zero;
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_illegal_instruction || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Illegal instruction", []() {
              asm volatile("ud2");
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_abort || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Abort", []() {
              abort();
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_read_from_uninitialized_malloc_memory || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Read from uninitialized malloc memory", []() {
              auto* uninitialized_memory = (volatile u32**)malloc(1024);
              if (!uninitialized_memory)
                  return Crash::Failure::UnexpectedError;
  
              [[maybe_unused]] volatile auto x = uninitialized_memory[0][0];
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_read_from_freed_memory || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Read from freed memory", []() {
              auto* uninitialized_memory = (volatile u32**)malloc(1024);
              if (!uninitialized_memory)
                  return Crash::Failure::UnexpectedError;
  
              free(uninitialized_memory);
  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wuse-after-free"
              [[maybe_unused]] volatile auto x = uninitialized_memory[4][0];
  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_write_to_uninitialized_malloc_memory || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Write to uninitialized malloc memory", []() {
              auto* uninitialized_memory = (volatile u32**)malloc(1024);
              if (!uninitialized_memory)
                  return Crash::Failure::UnexpectedError;
  
              uninitialized_memory[4][0] = 1;
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_write_to_freed_memory || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Write to freed memory", []() {
              auto* uninitialized_memory = (volatile u32**)malloc(1024);
              if (!uninitialized_memory)
                  return Crash::Failure::UnexpectedError;
  
  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wuse-after-free"
              free(uninitialized_memory);
              uninitialized_memory[4][0] = 1;
  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_write_to_read_only_memory || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Write to read only memory", []() {
              auto* ptr = (u8*)mmap(nullptr, 4096, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, 0, 0);
              if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
                  return Crash::Failure::UnexpectedError;
  
              *ptr = 'x'; // This should work fine.
              int rc = mprotect(ptr, 4096, PROT_READ);
              if (rc != 0 || *ptr != 'x')
                  return Crash::Failure::UnexpectedError;
  
              *ptr = 'y'; // This should crash!
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_invalid_stack_pointer_on_syscall || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Invalid stack pointer on syscall", []() {
              u8* makeshift_stack = (u8*)mmap(nullptr, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_STACK, 0, 0);
              if (!makeshift_stack)
                  return Crash::Failure::UnexpectedError;
  
              u8* makeshift_esp = makeshift_stack + 2048;
              asm volatile("mov %%eax, %%esp" ::"a"(makeshift_esp));
              getuid();
              dbgln("Survived syscall with MAP_STACK stack");
  
              u8* bad_stack = (u8*)mmap(nullptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, 0, 0);
              if (!bad_stack)
                  return Crash::Failure::UnexpectedError;
  
              u8* bad_esp = bad_stack + 2048;
              asm volatile("mov %%eax, %%esp" ::"a"(bad_esp));
              getuid();
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_invalid_stack_pointer_on_page_fault || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Invalid stack pointer on page fault", []() {
              u8* bad_stack = (u8*)mmap(nullptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, 0, 0);
              if (!bad_stack)
                  return Crash::Failure::UnexpectedError;
  
              u8* bad_esp = bad_stack + 2048;
  #if ARCH(I386)
              asm volatile("mov %%eax, %%esp" ::"a"(bad_esp));
              asm volatile("pushl $0");
  #else
              asm volatile("movq %%rax, %%rsp" ::"a"(bad_esp));
              asm volatile("pushq $0");
  #endif
  
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_syscall_from_writeable_memory || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Syscall from writable memory", []() {
              u8 buffer[] = { 0xb8, Syscall::SC_getuid, 0, 0, 0, 0xcd, 0x82 };
              ((void (*)())buffer)();
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_legitimate_syscall || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Regular syscall from outside msyscall", []() {
              // Since 'crash' is dynamically linked, and DynamicLoader only allows LibSystem to make syscalls, this should kill us:
              Syscall::invoke(Syscall::SC_getuid);
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_execute_non_executable_memory || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Execute non executable memory", []() {
              auto* ptr = (u8*)mmap(nullptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, 0, 0);
              if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
                  return Crash::Failure::UnexpectedError;
  
              ptr[0] = 0xc3; // ret
              typedef void* (*CrashyFunctionPtr)();
              ((CrashyFunctionPtr)ptr)();
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_trigger_user_mode_instruction_prevention) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Trigger x86 User Mode Instruction Prevention", []() {
              asm volatile("str %eax");
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_use_io_instruction || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Attempt to use an I/O instruction", [] {
              u8 keyboard_status = IO::in8(0x64);
              outln("Keyboard status: {:#02x}", keyboard_status);
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_read_cpu_counter || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Read the CPU timestamp counter", [] {
              asm volatile("rdtsc");
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_pledge_violation || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Violate pledge()'d promises", [] {
              if (pledge("", nullptr) < 0) {
                  perror("pledge");
                  return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
              }
              outln("Didn't pledge 'stdio', this should fail!");
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_failing_assertion || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Perform a failing assertion", [] {
              VERIFY(1 == 2);
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      if (do_deref_null_refptr || do_all_crash_types) {
          any_failures |= !Crash("Dereference a null RefPtr", [] {
              RefPtr<Core::Object> p;
              *p;
              return Crash::Failure::DidNotCrash;
          }).run(run_type);
      }
  
      return any_failures;
  }
  