text: /*
   * This file contains code from "C++ Primer, Fifth Edition", by Stanley B.
   * Lippman, Josee Lajoie, and Barbara E. Moo, and is covered under the
   * copyright and warranty notices given in that book:
   * 
   * "Copyright (c) 2013 by Objectwrite, Inc., Josee Lajoie, and Barbara E. Moo."
   * 
   * 
   * "The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book,
   * but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no
   * responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for
   * incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the
   * use of the information or programs contained herein."
   * 
   * Permission is granted for this code to be used for educational purposes in
   * association with the book, given proper citation if and when posted or
   * reproduced.Any commercial use of this code requires the explicit written
   * permission of the publisher, Addison-Wesley Professional, a division of
   * Pearson Education, Inc. Send your request for permission, stating clearly
   * what code you would like to use, and in what specific way, to the following
   * address: 
   * 
   * 	Pearson Education, Inc.
   * 	Rights and Permissions Department
   * 	One Lake Street
   * 	Upper Saddle River, NJ  07458
   * 	Fax: (201) 236-3290
  */ 
  
  #include <iostream>
  using std::cout; using std::endl;
  
  #include <vector>
  using std::vector;
  
  // function to return minimum element in an vector of ints
  int min_element(vector<int>::iterator, 
                  vector<int>::iterator);
  
  // pointer to function, initialized to point to min_element
  int (*pf)(vector<int>::iterator, vector<int>::iterator) 
          = min_element;
  
  int main() 
  {
      vector<int> ivec;
      // give ivec some values
      cout << "Direct call: "   
           << min_element(ivec.begin(), ivec.end()) << endl;
  
      cout << "Indirect call: " 
           << pf(ivec.begin(), ivec.end()) << endl;
  
  	cout << "equivalent indirect call: "
  	     << (*pf)(ivec.begin(), ivec.end()) << endl;
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  // returns minimum element in an vector of ints
  int min_element(vector<int>::iterator beg, 
                  vector<int>::iterator end) {
      int minVal = 0;
      while (beg != end) {
          if (minVal > *beg)
              minVal = *beg;
          ++beg;
      }
      return minVal;
  }
  
  