text: import sys, itertools, unittest
  from test import test_support
  import ast
  
  def to_tuple(t):
      if t is None or isinstance(t, (basestring, int, long, complex)):
          return t
      elif isinstance(t, list):
          return [to_tuple(e) for e in t]
      result = [t.__class__.__name__]
      if hasattr(t, 'lineno') and hasattr(t, 'col_offset'):
          result.append((t.lineno, t.col_offset))
      if t._fields is None:
          return tuple(result)
      for f in t._fields:
          result.append(to_tuple(getattr(t, f)))
      return tuple(result)
  
  
  # These tests are compiled through "exec"
  # There should be atleast one test per statement
  exec_tests = [
      # FunctionDef
      "def f(): pass",
      # ClassDef
      "class C:pass",
      # Return
      "def f():return 1",
      # Delete
      "del v",
      # Assign
      "v = 1",
      # AugAssign
      "v += 1",
      # Print
      "print >>f, 1, ",
      # For
      "for v in v:pass",
      # While
      "while v:pass",
      # If
      "if v:pass",
      # Raise
      "raise Exception, 'string'",
      # TryExcept
      "try:\n  pass\nexcept Exception:\n  pass",
      # TryFinally
      "try:\n  pass\nfinally:\n  pass",
      # Assert
      "assert v",
      # Import
      "import sys",
      # ImportFrom
      "from sys import v",
      # Exec
      "exec 'v'",
      # Global
      "global v",
      # Expr
      "1",
      # Pass,
      "pass",
      # Break
      "break",
      # Continue
      "continue",
      # for statements with naked tuples (see http://bugs.python.org/issue6704)
      "for a,b in c: pass",
      "[(a,b) for a,b in c]",
      "((a,b) for a,b in c)",
  ]
  
  # These are compiled through "single"
  # because of overlap with "eval", it just tests what
  # can't be tested with "eval"
  single_tests = [
      "1+2"
  ]
  
  # These are compiled through "eval"
  # It should test all expressions
  eval_tests = [
    # BoolOp
    "a and b",
    # BinOp
    "a + b",
    # UnaryOp
    "not v",
    # Lambda
    "lambda:None",
    # Dict
    "{ 1:2 }",
    # ListComp
    "[a for b in c if d]",
    # GeneratorExp
    "(a for b in c if d)",
    # Yield - yield expressions can't work outside a function
    #
    # Compare
    "1 < 2 < 3",
    # Call
    "f(1,2,c=3,*d,**e)",
    # Repr
    "`v`",
    # Num
    "10L",
    # Str
    "'string'",
    # Attribute
    "a.b",
    # Subscript
    "a[b:c]",
    # Name
    "v",
    # List
    "[1,2,3]",
    # Tuple
    "1,2,3",
    # Combination
    "a.b.c.d(a.b[1:2])",
  
  ]
  
  # TODO: expr_context, slice, boolop, operator, unaryop, cmpop, comprehension
  # excepthandler, arguments, keywords, alias
  
  class AST_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
  
      def _assertTrueorder(self, ast_node, parent_pos):
          if not isinstance(ast_node, ast.AST) or ast_node._fields is None:
              return
          if isinstance(ast_node, (ast.expr, ast.stmt, ast.excepthandler)):
              node_pos = (ast_node.lineno, ast_node.col_offset)
              self.assertTrue(node_pos >= parent_pos)
              parent_pos = (ast_node.lineno, ast_node.col_offset)
          for name in ast_node._fields:
              value = getattr(ast_node, name)
              if isinstance(value, list):
                  for child in value:
                      self._assertTrueorder(child, parent_pos)
              elif value is not None:
                  self._assertTrueorder(value, parent_pos)
  
      def test_snippets(self):
          for input, output, kind in ((exec_tests, exec_results, "exec"),
                                      (single_tests, single_results, "single"),
                                      (eval_tests, eval_results, "eval")):
              for i, o in itertools.izip(input, output):
                  ast_tree = compile(i, "?", kind, ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST)
                  self.assertEquals(to_tuple(ast_tree), o)
                  self._assertTrueorder(ast_tree, (0, 0))
  
      def test_slice(self):
          slc = ast.parse("x[::]").body[0].value.slice
          self.assertIsNone(slc.upper)
          self.assertIsNone(slc.lower)
          self.assertIsInstance(slc.step, ast.Name)
          self.assertEqual(slc.step.id, "None")
  
      def test_from_import(self):
          im = ast.parse("from . import y").body[0]
          self.assertIsNone(im.module)
  
      def test_base_classes(self):
          self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.For, ast.stmt))
          self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.Name, ast.expr))
          self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.stmt, ast.AST))
          self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.expr, ast.AST))
          self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.comprehension, ast.AST))
          self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.Gt, ast.AST))
  
      def test_nodeclasses(self):
          x = ast.BinOp(1, 2, 3, lineno=0)
          self.assertEquals(x.left, 1)
          self.assertEquals(x.op, 2)
          self.assertEquals(x.right, 3)
          self.assertEquals(x.lineno, 0)
  
          # node raises exception when not given enough arguments
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.BinOp, 1, 2)
  
          # can set attributes through kwargs too
          x = ast.BinOp(left=1, op=2, right=3, lineno=0)
          self.assertEquals(x.left, 1)
          self.assertEquals(x.op, 2)
          self.assertEquals(x.right, 3)
          self.assertEquals(x.lineno, 0)
  
          # this used to fail because Sub._fields was None
          x = ast.Sub()
  
      def test_pickling(self):
          import pickle
          mods = [pickle]
          try:
              import cPickle
              mods.append(cPickle)
          except ImportError:
              pass
          protocols = [0, 1, 2]
          for mod in mods:
              for protocol in protocols:
                  for ast in (compile(i, "?", "exec", 0x400) for i in exec_tests):
                      ast2 = mod.loads(mod.dumps(ast, protocol))
                      self.assertEquals(to_tuple(ast2), to_tuple(ast))
  
  
  class ASTHelpers_Test(unittest.TestCase):
  
      def test_parse(self):
          a = ast.parse('foo(1 + 1)')
          b = compile('foo(1 + 1)', '<unknown>', 'exec', ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST)
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(a), ast.dump(b))
  
      def test_dump(self):
          node = ast.parse('spam(eggs, "and cheese")')
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node),
              "Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='spam', ctx=Load()), "
              "args=[Name(id='eggs', ctx=Load()), Str(s='and cheese')], "
              "keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None))])"
          )
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, annotate_fields=False),
              "Module([Expr(Call(Name('spam', Load()), [Name('eggs', Load()), "
              "Str('and cheese')], [], None, None))])"
          )
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, include_attributes=True),
              "Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='spam', ctx=Load(), "
              "lineno=1, col_offset=0), args=[Name(id='eggs', ctx=Load(), "
              "lineno=1, col_offset=5), Str(s='and cheese', lineno=1, "
              "col_offset=11)], keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None, "
              "lineno=1, col_offset=0), lineno=1, col_offset=0)])"
          )
  
      def test_copy_location(self):
          src = ast.parse('1 + 1', mode='eval')
          src.body.right = ast.copy_location(ast.Num(2), src.body.right)
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(src, include_attributes=True),
              'Expression(body=BinOp(left=Num(n=1, lineno=1, col_offset=0), '
              'op=Add(), right=Num(n=2, lineno=1, col_offset=4), lineno=1, '
              'col_offset=0))'
          )
  
      def test_fix_missing_locations(self):
          src = ast.parse('write("spam")')
          src.body.append(ast.Expr(ast.Call(ast.Name('spam', ast.Load()),
                                            [ast.Str('eggs')], [], None, None)))
          self.assertEqual(src, ast.fix_missing_locations(src))
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(src, include_attributes=True),
              "Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='write', ctx=Load(), "
              "lineno=1, col_offset=0), args=[Str(s='spam', lineno=1, "
              "col_offset=6)], keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None, "
              "lineno=1, col_offset=0), lineno=1, col_offset=0), "
              "Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='spam', ctx=Load(), lineno=1, "
              "col_offset=0), args=[Str(s='eggs', lineno=1, col_offset=0)], "
              "keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None, lineno=1, "
              "col_offset=0), lineno=1, col_offset=0)])"
          )
  
      def test_increment_lineno(self):
          src = ast.parse('1 + 1', mode='eval')
          self.assertEqual(ast.increment_lineno(src, n=3), src)
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(src, include_attributes=True),
              'Expression(body=BinOp(left=Num(n=1, lineno=4, col_offset=0), '
              'op=Add(), right=Num(n=1, lineno=4, col_offset=4), lineno=4, '
              'col_offset=0))'
          )
  
      def test_iter_fields(self):
          node = ast.parse('foo()', mode='eval')
          d = dict(ast.iter_fields(node.body))
          self.assertEqual(d.pop('func').id, 'foo')
          self.assertEqual(d, {'keywords': [], 'kwargs': None,
                               'args': [], 'starargs': None})
  
      def test_iter_child_nodes(self):
          node = ast.parse("spam(23, 42, eggs='leek')", mode='eval')
          self.assertEqual(len(list(ast.iter_child_nodes(node.body))), 4)
          iterator = ast.iter_child_nodes(node.body)
          self.assertEqual(next(iterator).id, 'spam')
          self.assertEqual(next(iterator).n, 23)
          self.assertEqual(next(iterator).n, 42)
          self.assertEqual(ast.dump(next(iterator)),
              "keyword(arg='eggs', value=Str(s='leek'))"
          )
  
      def test_get_docstring(self):
          node = ast.parse('def foo():\n  """line one\n  line two"""')
          self.assertEqual(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]),
                           'line one\nline two')
  
      def test_literal_eval(self):
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('[1, 2, 3]'), [1, 2, 3])
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('{"foo": 42}'), {"foo": 42})
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('(True, False, None)'), (True, False, None))
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, 'foo()')
  
      def test_literal_eval_issue4907(self):
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('2j'), 2j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('10 + 2j'), 10 + 2j)
          self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('1.5 - 2j'), 1.5 - 2j)
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, '2 + (3 + 4j)')
  
  
  def test_main():
      with test_support.check_py3k_warnings(("backquote not supported",
                                               SyntaxWarning)):
          test_support.run_unittest(AST_Tests, ASTHelpers_Test)
  
  def main():
      if __name__ != '__main__':
          return
      if sys.argv[1:] == ['-g']:
          for statements, kind in ((exec_tests, "exec"), (single_tests, "single"),
                                   (eval_tests, "eval")):
              print kind+"_results = ["
              for s in statements:
                  print repr(to_tuple(compile(s, "?", kind, 0x400)))+","
              print "]"
          print "main()"
          raise SystemExit
      test_main()
  
  #### EVERYTHING BELOW IS GENERATED #####
  exec_results = [
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], None, None, []), [('Pass', (1, 9))], [])]),
  ('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0), 'C', [], [('Pass', (1, 8))], [])]),
  ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], None, None, []), [('Return', (1, 8), ('Num', (1, 15), 1))], [])]),
  ('Module', [('Delete', (1, 0), [('Name', (1, 4), 'v', ('Del',))])]),
  ('Module', [('Assign', (1, 0), [('Name', (1, 0), 'v', ('Store',))], ('Num', (1, 4), 1))]),
  ('Module', [('AugAssign', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'v', ('Store',)), ('Add',), ('Num', (1, 5), 1))]),
  ('Module', [('Print', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 8), 'f', ('Load',)), [('Num', (1, 11), 1)], False)]),
  ('Module', [('For', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 4), 'v', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 9), 'v', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 11))], [])]),
  ('Module', [('While', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 6), 'v', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 8))], [])]),
  ('Module', [('If', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 3), 'v', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 5))], [])]),
  ('Module', [('Raise', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 6), 'Exception', ('Load',)), ('Str', (1, 17), 'string'), None)]),
  ('Module', [('TryExcept', (1, 0), [('Pass', (2, 2))], [('ExceptHandler', (3, 0), ('Name', (3, 7), 'Exception', ('Load',)), None, [('Pass', (4, 2))])], [])]),
  ('Module', [('TryFinally', (1, 0), [('Pass', (2, 2))], [('Pass', (4, 2))])]),
  ('Module', [('Assert', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 7), 'v', ('Load',)), None)]),
  ('Module', [('Import', (1, 0), [('alias', 'sys', None)])]),
  ('Module', [('ImportFrom', (1, 0), 'sys', [('alias', 'v', None)], 0)]),
  ('Module', [('Exec', (1, 0), ('Str', (1, 5), 'v'), None, None)]),
  ('Module', [('Global', (1, 0), ['v'])]),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('Num', (1, 0), 1))]),
  ('Module', [('Pass', (1, 0))]),
  ('Module', [('Break', (1, 0))]),
  ('Module', [('Continue', (1, 0))]),
  ('Module', [('For', (1, 0), ('Tuple', (1, 4), [('Name', (1, 4), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 6), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 11), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 14))], [])]),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('ListComp', (1, 1), ('Tuple', (1, 2), [('Name', (1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11), [('Name', (1, 11), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18), 'c', ('Load',)), [])]))]),
  ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('GeneratorExp', (1, 1), ('Tuple', (1, 2), [('Name', (1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11), [('Name', (1, 11), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18), 'c', ('Load',)), [])]))]),
  ]
  single_results = [
  ('Interactive', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('BinOp', (1, 0), ('Num', (1, 0), 1), ('Add',), ('Num', (1, 2), 2)))]),
  ]
  eval_results = [
  ('Expression', ('BoolOp', (1, 0), ('And',), [('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 6), 'b', ('Load',))])),
  ('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Add',), ('Name', (1, 4), 'b', ('Load',)))),
  ('Expression', ('UnaryOp', (1, 0), ('Not',), ('Name', (1, 4), 'v', ('Load',)))),
  ('Expression', ('Lambda', (1, 0), ('arguments', [], None, None, []), ('Name', (1, 7), 'None', ('Load',)))),
  ('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0), [('Num', (1, 2), 1)], [('Num', (1, 4), 2)])),
  ('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 1), ('Name', (1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17), 'd', ('Load',))])])),
  ('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 1), ('Name', (1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17), 'd', ('Load',))])])),
  ('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0), ('Num', (1, 0), 1), [('Lt',), ('Lt',)], [('Num', (1, 4), 2), ('Num', (1, 8), 3)])),
  ('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'f', ('Load',)), [('Num', (1, 2), 1), ('Num', (1, 4), 2)], [('keyword', 'c', ('Num', (1, 8), 3))], ('Name', (1, 11), 'd', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 15), 'e', ('Load',)))),
  ('Expression', ('Repr', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 1), 'v', ('Load',)))),
  ('Expression', ('Num', (1, 0), 10L)),
  ('Expression', ('Str', (1, 0), 'string')),
  ('Expression', ('Attribute', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('Subscript', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Slice', ('Name', (1, 2), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4), 'c', ('Load',)), None), ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('Name', (1, 0), 'v', ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('List', (1, 0), [('Num', (1, 1), 1), ('Num', (1, 3), 2), ('Num', (1, 5), 3)], ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0), [('Num', (1, 0), 1), ('Num', (1, 2), 2), ('Num', (1, 4), 3)], ('Load',))),
  ('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0), ('Attribute', (1, 0), ('Attribute', (1, 0), ('Attribute', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), 'c', ('Load',)), 'd', ('Load',)), [('Subscript', (1, 8), ('Attribute', (1, 8), ('Name', (1, 8), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Slice', ('Num', (1, 12), 1), ('Num', (1, 14), 2), None), ('Load',))], [], None, None)),
  ]
  main()
  