text: //
  // Windows-specific code for the Fast Light Tool Kit (FLTK).
  //
  // Copyright 1998-2018 by Bill Spitzak and others.
  //
  // This library is free software. Distribution and use rights are outlined in
  // the file "COPYING" which should have been included with this file.  If this
  // file is missing or damaged, see the license at:
  //
  //     https://www.fltk.org/COPYING.php
  //
  // Please see the following page on how to report bugs and issues:
  //
  //     https://www.fltk.org/bugs.php
  //
  
  // This file contains Windows-specific code for FLTK which is always linked
  // in.  Search other files for "_WIN32" or filenames ending in _win32.cxx
  // for other system-specific code.
  
  #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(FL_DOXYGEN)
  
  /* We require Windows 2000 features (e.g. VK definitions) */
  # if !defined(WINVER) || (WINVER < 0x0500)
  #  ifdef WINVER
  #   undef WINVER
  #  endif
  #  define WINVER 0x0500
  # endif
  # if !defined(_WIN32_WINNT) || (_WIN32_WINNT < 0x0500)
  #  ifdef _WIN32_WINNT
  #   undef _WIN32_WINNT
  #  endif
  #  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500
  # endif
  
  // recent versions of MinGW warn: "Please include winsock2.h before windows.h",
  #if !defined(__CYGWIN__)
  #  include <winsock2.h>
  #endif
  #include <windows.h>
  #include <ole2.h>
  #include <shellapi.h>
  // Some versions of MinGW now require us to explicitly include winerror to get S_OK defined
  #include <winerror.h>
  #include <math.h> // for ceil()
  
  void fl_free_fonts(void);
  void fl_release_dc(HWND, HDC);
  void fl_cleanup_dc_list(void);
  
  #include "config_lib.h"
  #include <FL/Fl.H>
  #include <FL/platform.H>
  #include "Fl_Window_Driver.H"
  #include "Fl_Screen_Driver.H"
  #include <FL/Fl_Graphics_Driver.H> // for fl_graphics_driver
  #include "drivers/WinAPI/Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver.H"
  #include "drivers/WinAPI/Fl_WinAPI_System_Driver.H"
  #include "drivers/WinAPI/Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver.H"
  #include "drivers/GDI/Fl_GDI_Graphics_Driver.H"
  #include <FL/fl_utf8.h>
  #include <FL/Fl_Window.H>
  #include <FL/fl_draw.H>
  #include <FL/Enumerations.H>
  #include <FL/Fl_Tooltip.H>
  #include <FL/Fl_Paged_Device.H>
  #include <FL/Fl_Image_Surface.H>
  #include "flstring.h"
  #include "drivers/GDI/Fl_Font.H"
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <sys/types.h>
  #include <time.h>
  #include <signal.h>
  #ifdef __CYGWIN__
  #  include <sys/time.h>
  #  include <unistd.h>
  #endif
  
  #if !defined(NO_TRACK_MOUSE)
  #  include <commctrl.h> // TrackMouseEvent
  #endif
  
  #if defined(__GNUC__)
  # include <wchar.h>
  #endif
  
  static bool is_dpi_aware = false;
  
  extern bool fl_clipboard_notify_empty(void);
  extern void fl_trigger_clipboard_notify(int source);
  extern HBRUSH fl_brush_action(int action);
  extern void fl_cleanup_pens(void);
  
  
  //
  // USE_ASYNC_SELECT - define it if you have WSAAsyncSelect()...
  // USE_ASYNC_SELECT is OBSOLETED in 1.3 for the following reasons:
  /*
    This feature was supposed to provide an efficient alternative to the current
    polling method, but as it has been discussed (Thanks Albrecht!) :
    - the async mode would imply to change the socket to non blocking mode.
      This can have unexpected side effects for 3rd party apps, especially
      if it is set on-the-fly when socket service is really needed, as it is
      done today and on purpose, but still the 3rd party developer wouldn't easily
      control the sequencing of socket operations.
    - Finer granularity of events furthered by the async select is a plus only
      for socket 3rd party impl., it is simply not needed for the 'light' fltk
      use we make of wsock, so here it would also be a bad point, because of all
      the logic add-ons necessary for using this functionality, without a clear
      benefit.
  
    So async mode select would not add benefits to fltk, worse, it can slowdown
    fltk because of this finer granularity and instrumentation code to be added
    for async mode proper operation, not mentioning the side effects...
  */
  
  // Internal functions
  static void fl_clipboard_notify_target(HWND wnd);
  static void fl_clipboard_notify_untarget(HWND wnd);
  
  // Internal variables
  static HWND clipboard_wnd = 0;
  static HWND next_clipboard_wnd = 0;
  
  static bool initial_clipboard = true;
  
  // dynamic wsock dll handling api:
  #if defined(__CYGWIN__) && !defined(SOCKET)
  # define SOCKET int
  #endif
  
  // Disable dynamic linking/loading of Winsock DLL (STR #3454)
  // *FIXME* The old code should be entirely removed when the issue
  // is finally resolved.
  
  #if (0) // *FIXME* dynamic loading of Winsock DLL (ws2_32.dll)
  
  // note: winsock2.h has been #include'd in Fl.cxx
  #define WSCK_DLL_NAME "WS2_32.DLL"
  
  typedef int(WINAPI *fl_wsk_select_f)(int, fd_set *, fd_set *, fd_set *, const struct timeval *);
  typedef int(WINAPI *fl_wsk_fd_is_set_f)(SOCKET, fd_set *);
  
  static HMODULE s_wsock_mod = 0;
  static fl_wsk_select_f s_wsock_select = 0;
  static fl_wsk_fd_is_set_f fl_wsk_fd_is_set = 0;
  
  static HMODULE get_wsock_mod() {
    if (!s_wsock_mod) {
      s_wsock_mod = LoadLibrary(WSCK_DLL_NAME);
      if (s_wsock_mod == NULL)
        Fl::fatal("FLTK Lib Error: %s file not found! Please check your winsock dll accessibility.\n", WSCK_DLL_NAME);
      s_wsock_select = (fl_wsk_select_f)GetProcAddress(s_wsock_mod, "select");
      fl_wsk_fd_is_set = (fl_wsk_fd_is_set_f)GetProcAddress(s_wsock_mod, "__WSAFDIsSet");
    }
    return s_wsock_mod;
  }
  
  #else // static linking of ws2_32.dll
  
  // *FIXME* These defines and the dummy function get_wsock_mod() must be
  // *removed* when the issue (STR #3454) is finally resolved. The code that
  // uses these defines and get_wsock_mod() must be modified to use the
  // official socket interface (select() and FL_ISSET).
  
  #define fl_wsk_fd_is_set FD_ISSET
  #define s_wsock_select select
  static int get_wsock_mod() {
    return 1;
  }
  
  #endif // dynamic/static linking of ws2_32.dll (see above and STR #3454)
  
  /*
   Dynamic linking of imm32.dll
   This library is only needed for a hand full (four ATM) functions relating to
   international text rendering and locales. Dynamically loading reduces initial
   size and link dependencies.
   */
  static HMODULE s_imm_module = 0;
  typedef BOOL(WINAPI *flTypeImmAssociateContextEx)(HWND, HIMC, DWORD);
  flTypeImmAssociateContextEx flImmAssociateContextEx = 0;
  typedef HIMC(WINAPI *flTypeImmGetContext)(HWND);
  flTypeImmGetContext flImmGetContext = 0;
  typedef BOOL(WINAPI *flTypeImmSetCompositionWindow)(HIMC, LPCOMPOSITIONFORM);
  flTypeImmSetCompositionWindow flImmSetCompositionWindow = 0;
  typedef BOOL(WINAPI *flTypeImmReleaseContext)(HWND, HIMC);
  flTypeImmReleaseContext flImmReleaseContext = 0;
  
  static void get_imm_module() {
    s_imm_module = LoadLibrary("IMM32.DLL");
    if (!s_imm_module)
      Fl::fatal("FLTK Lib Error: IMM32.DLL file not found!\n\n"
                "Please check your input method manager library accessibility.");
    flImmAssociateContextEx = (flTypeImmAssociateContextEx)GetProcAddress(s_imm_module, "ImmAssociateContextEx");
    flImmGetContext = (flTypeImmGetContext)GetProcAddress(s_imm_module, "ImmGetContext");
    flImmSetCompositionWindow = (flTypeImmSetCompositionWindow)GetProcAddress(s_imm_module, "ImmSetCompositionWindow");
    flImmReleaseContext = (flTypeImmReleaseContext)GetProcAddress(s_imm_module, "ImmReleaseContext");
  }
  
  // USE_TRACK_MOUSE - define NO_TRACK_MOUSE if you don't have
  // TrackMouseEvent()...
  //
  // Now (Dec. 2008) we can assume that current Cygwin/MinGW versions
  // support the TrackMouseEvent() function, but WinCE obviously doesn't
  // support it (STR 2095). Therefore, USE_TRACK_MOUSE is enabled by
  // default, but you can disable it by defining NO_TRACK_MOUSE.
  //
  // TrackMouseEvent is only used to support window leave notifications
  // under Windows. It can be used to get FL_LEAVE events, when the
  // mouse leaves the _main_ application window (FLTK detects subwindow
  // leave events by using normal move events).
  //
  // Implementation note: If the mouse cursor leaves one subwindow and
  // enters another window, then Windows sends a WM_MOUSEMOVE message to
  // the new window before it sends a WM_MOUSELEAVE message to the old
  // (just left) window. We save the current mouse window in a static variable,
  // and if we get a WM_MOUSELEAVE event for the current mouse window, this
  // means that the top level window has been left (otherwise we would have
  // got another WM_MOUSEMOVE message before).
  
  // #define NO_TRACK_MOUSE
  
  #if !defined(NO_TRACK_MOUSE)
  # define USE_TRACK_MOUSE
  #endif // NO_TRACK_MOUSE
  
  static Fl_Window *track_mouse_win = 0; // current TrackMouseEvent() window
  
  // USE_CAPTURE_MOUSE_WIN - this must be defined for TrackMouseEvent to work
  // correctly with subwindows - otherwise a single mouse click and release
  // (without a move) would generate phantom leave events.
  // This defines, if the current mouse window (maybe a subwindow) or the
  // main window should get mouse events after pushing (and holding) a mouse
  // button, i.e. when dragging the mouse. This is done by calling SetCapture
  // (see below).
  
  #ifdef USE_TRACK_MOUSE
  #define USE_CAPTURE_MOUSE_WIN
  #endif // USE_TRACK_MOUSE
  
  //
  // WM_SYNCPAINT is an "undocumented" message, which is finally defined in
  // VC++ 6.0.
  //
  
  #ifndef WM_SYNCPAINT
  #  define WM_SYNCPAINT 0x0088
  #endif
  
  #ifndef WM_MOUSELEAVE
  #  define WM_MOUSELEAVE 0x02a3
  #endif
  
  #ifndef WM_MOUSEWHEEL
  #  define WM_MOUSEWHEEL 0x020a
  #endif
  
  #ifndef WHEEL_DELTA
  #  define WHEEL_DELTA 120       // according to MSDN.
  #endif
  
  // This is only defined on Vista and upwards...
  #ifndef WM_MOUSEHWHEEL
  #  define WM_MOUSEHWHEEL 0x020E
  #endif
  
  #ifndef SM_CXPADDEDBORDER
  #  define SM_CXPADDEDBORDER (92) // STR #3061
  #endif
  
  // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn312083(v=vs.85).aspx
  #ifndef WM_DPICHANGED
  #  define WM_DPICHANGED 0x02E0
  #endif
  
  //
  // WM_FLSELECT is the user-defined message that we get when one of
  // the sockets has pending data, etc.
  //
  
  #define WM_FLSELECT (WM_APP + 1) // WM_APP is used for hide-window
  
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // interface to poll/select call:
  
  // fd's are only implemented for sockets.  Microsoft Windows does not
  // have a unified IO system, so it doesn't support select() on files,
  // devices, or pipes...
  //
  // Microsoft provides the Berkeley select() call and an asynchronous
  // select function that sends a Windows message when the select condition
  // exists. However, we don't try to use the asynchronous WSAAsyncSelect()
  // any more for good reasons (see above).
  //
  // A.S. Dec 2009: We got reports that current winsock2.h files define
  // POLLIN, POLLOUT, and POLLERR with conflicting values WRT what we
  // used before (STR #2301).  Therefore we must not use these values
  // for our internal purposes, but use FL_READ, FL_WRITE, and
  // FL_EXCEPT, as defined for use in Fl::add_fd().
  //
  static int maxfd = 0;
  static fd_set fdsets[3];
  
  extern IDropTarget *flIDropTarget;
  
  static int nfds = 0;
  static int fd_array_size = 0;
  static struct FD {
    int fd;
    short events;
    void (*cb)(FL_SOCKET, void *); // keep socket api opaque at this level to reduce multiplatform deps headaches
    void *arg;
  } *fd = 0;
  
  extern unsigned int fl_codepage;
  
  void fl_set_status(int x, int y, int w, int h) {}
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_System_Driver::add_fd(int n, int events, void (*cb)(FL_SOCKET, void *), void *v) {
    remove_fd(n, events);
    int i = nfds++;
    if (i >= fd_array_size) {
      fd_array_size = 2 * fd_array_size + 1;
      fd = (FD *)realloc(fd, fd_array_size * sizeof(FD));
    }
    fd[i].fd = n;
    fd[i].events = (short)events;
    fd[i].cb = cb;
    fd[i].arg = v;
  
    if (events & FL_READ)
      FD_SET((unsigned)n, &fdsets[0]);
    if (events & FL_WRITE)
      FD_SET((unsigned)n, &fdsets[1]);
    if (events & FL_EXCEPT)
      FD_SET((unsigned)n, &fdsets[2]);
    if (n > maxfd)
      maxfd = n;
  }
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_System_Driver::add_fd(int fd, void (*cb)(FL_SOCKET, void *), void *v) {
    add_fd(fd, FL_READ, cb, v);
  }
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_System_Driver::remove_fd(int n, int events) {
    int i, j;
    for (i = j = 0; i < nfds; i++) {
      if (fd[i].fd == n) {
        short e = fd[i].events & ~events;
        if (!e)
          continue; // if no events left, delete this fd
        fd[i].events = e;
      }
      // move it down in the array if necessary:
      if (j < i) {
        fd[j] = fd[i];
      }
      j++;
    }
    nfds = j;
  
    if (events & FL_READ)
      FD_CLR(unsigned(n), &fdsets[0]);
    if (events & FL_WRITE)
      FD_CLR(unsigned(n), &fdsets[1]);
    if (events & FL_EXCEPT)
      FD_CLR(unsigned(n), &fdsets[2]);
  }
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_System_Driver::remove_fd(int n) {
    remove_fd(n, -1);
  }
  
  // these pointers are set by the Fl::lock() function:
  static void nothing() {}
  void (*fl_lock_function)() = nothing;
  void (*fl_unlock_function)() = nothing;
  
  static void *thread_message_;
  void *Fl_WinAPI_System_Driver::thread_message() {
    void *r = thread_message_;
    thread_message_ = 0;
    return r;
  }
  
  extern int fl_send_system_handlers(void *e);
  
  MSG fl_msg;
  
  // A local helper function to flush any pending callback requests
  // from the awake ring-buffer
  static void process_awake_handler_requests(void) {
    Fl_Awake_Handler func;
    void *data;
    while (Fl::get_awake_handler_(func, data) == 0) {
      func(data);
    }
  }
  
  // This is never called with time_to_wait < 0.0.
  // It *should* return negative on error, 0 if nothing happens before
  // timeout, and >0 if any callbacks were done.  This version
  // always returns 1.
  double Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver::wait(double time_to_wait) {
  
    int have_message = 0;
  
    Fl::run_checks();
  
    // idle processing
    static char in_idle;
    if (Fl::idle && !in_idle) {
      in_idle = 1;
      Fl::idle();
      in_idle = 0;
    }
  
    if (nfds) {
      // For Windows we need to poll for socket input FIRST, since
      // the event queue is not something we can select() on...
      timeval t;
      t.tv_sec = 0;
      t.tv_usec = 0;
  
      fd_set fdt[3];
      memcpy(fdt, fdsets, sizeof fdt); // one shot faster fdt init
      if (get_wsock_mod() && s_wsock_select(maxfd + 1, &fdt[0], &fdt[1], &fdt[2], &t)) {
        // We got something - do the callback!
        for (int i = 0; i < nfds; i++) {
          SOCKET f = fd[i].fd;
          short revents = 0;
          if (fl_wsk_fd_is_set(f, &fdt[0]))
            revents |= FL_READ;
          if (fl_wsk_fd_is_set(f, &fdt[1]))
            revents |= FL_WRITE;
          if (fl_wsk_fd_is_set(f, &fdt[2]))
            revents |= FL_EXCEPT;
          if (fd[i].events & revents)
            fd[i].cb(f, fd[i].arg);
        }
        time_to_wait = 0.0; // just peek for any messages
      } else {
        // we need to check them periodically, so set a short timeout:
        if (time_to_wait > .001)
          time_to_wait = .001;
      }
    }
  
    if (Fl::idle || Fl::damage())
      time_to_wait = 0.0;
  
    // if there are no more windows and this timer is set
    // to FOREVER, continue through or look up indefinitely
    if (!Fl::first_window() && time_to_wait == 1e20)
      time_to_wait = 0.0;
  
    fl_unlock_function();
  
    time_to_wait = (time_to_wait > 10000 ? 10000 : time_to_wait);
    int t_msec = (int)(time_to_wait * 1000.0 + 0.5);
    MsgWaitForMultipleObjects(0, NULL, FALSE, t_msec, QS_ALLINPUT);
  
    fl_lock_function();
  
    // Execute the message we got, and all other pending messages:
    // have_message = PeekMessage(&fl_msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE);
    while ((have_message = PeekMessageW(&fl_msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) > 0) {
      if (fl_send_system_handlers(&fl_msg))
        continue;
  
      // Let applications treat WM_QUIT identical to SIGTERM on *nix
      if (fl_msg.message == WM_QUIT)
        raise(SIGTERM);
  
      if (fl_msg.message == fl_wake_msg) {
        // Used for awaking wait() from another thread
        thread_message_ = (void *)fl_msg.wParam;
        process_awake_handler_requests();
      }
  
      TranslateMessage(&fl_msg);
      DispatchMessageW(&fl_msg);
    }
  
    // The following conditional test:
    //    (Fl::awake_ring_head_ != Fl::awake_ring_tail_)
    // is a workaround / fix for STR #3143. This works, but a better solution
    // would be to understand why the PostThreadMessage() messages are not
    // seen by the main window if it is being dragged/ resized at the time.
    // If a worker thread posts an awake callback to the ring buffer
    // whilst the main window is unresponsive (if a drag or resize operation
    // is in progress) we may miss the PostThreadMessage(). So here, we check if
    // there is anything pending in the awake ring buffer and if so process
    // it. This is not strictly thread safe (for speed it compares the head
    // and tail indices without first locking the ring buffer) but is intended
    // only as a fall-back recovery mechanism if the awake processing stalls.
    // If the test erroneously returns true (may happen if we test the indices
    // whilst they are being modified) we will call process_awake_handler_requests()
    // unnecessarily, but this has no harmful consequences so is safe to do.
    // Note also that if we miss the PostThreadMessage(), then thread_message_
    // will not be updated, so this is not a perfect solution, but it does
    // recover and process any pending awake callbacks.
    // Normally the ring buffer head and tail indices will match and this
    // comparison will do nothing. Addresses STR #3143
    if (Fl::awake_ring_head_ != Fl::awake_ring_tail_) {
      process_awake_handler_requests();
    }
  
    Fl::flush();
  
    // This should return 0 if only timer events were handled:
    return 1;
  }
  
  // just like Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver::wait(0.0) except no callbacks are done:
  int Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver::ready() {
    if (PeekMessage(&fl_msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_NOREMOVE))
      return 1;
    if (!nfds)
      return 0;
    timeval t;
    t.tv_sec = 0;
    t.tv_usec = 0;
    fd_set fdt[3];
    memcpy(fdt, fdsets, sizeof fdt);
    return get_wsock_mod() ? s_wsock_select(0, &fdt[0], &fdt[1], &fdt[2], &t) : 0;
  }
  
  //FILE *LOG=fopen("log.log","w");
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver::open_display_platform() {
    static char beenHereDoneThat = 0;
  
    if (beenHereDoneThat)
      return;
  
    beenHereDoneThat = 1;
    typedef void *fl_DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT;
    typedef BOOL(WINAPI * SetProcessDpiAwarenessContext_type)(fl_DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT);
    SetProcessDpiAwarenessContext_type fl_SetProcessDpiAwarenessContext =
        (SetProcessDpiAwarenessContext_type)GetProcAddress(LoadLibrary("User32.DLL"), "SetProcessDpiAwarenessContext");
    if (fl_SetProcessDpiAwarenessContext) {
      const fl_DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT fl_DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT_PER_MONITOR_AWARE_V2 = (fl_DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT)(-4);
      is_dpi_aware = fl_SetProcessDpiAwarenessContext(fl_DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT_PER_MONITOR_AWARE_V2);
    }
    if (!is_dpi_aware) {
      typedef HRESULT(WINAPI * SetProcessDpiAwareness_type)(int);
      SetProcessDpiAwareness_type fl_SetProcessDpiAwareness =
          (SetProcessDpiAwareness_type)GetProcAddress(LoadLibrary("Shcore.DLL"), "SetProcessDpiAwareness");
      if (fl_SetProcessDpiAwareness) {
        const int fl_PROCESS_PER_MONITOR_DPI_AWARE = 2;
        if (fl_SetProcessDpiAwareness(fl_PROCESS_PER_MONITOR_DPI_AWARE) == S_OK) is_dpi_aware = true;
      }
    }
    OleInitialize(0L);
  
    get_imm_module();
  }
  
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver::desktop_scale_factor() {
    typedef HRESULT(WINAPI * GetDpiForMonitor_type)(HMONITOR, int, UINT *, UINT *);
    GetDpiForMonitor_type fl_GetDpiForMonitor = NULL;
    if (is_dpi_aware)
      fl_GetDpiForMonitor = (GetDpiForMonitor_type)GetProcAddress(LoadLibrary("Shcore.DLL"), "GetDpiForMonitor");
    for (int ns = 0; ns < screen_count(); ns++) {
      HMONITOR hm = MonitorFromRect(&screens[ns], MONITOR_DEFAULTTONEAREST);
      UINT dpiX, dpiY;
      HRESULT r =  fl_GetDpiForMonitor ? fl_GetDpiForMonitor(hm, 0, &dpiX, &dpiY) : !S_OK;
      if (r != S_OK) { dpiX = dpiY = 96; }
      dpi[ns][0] = dpiX;
      dpi[ns][1] = dpiY;
      scale(ns, dpiX / 96.);
    //fprintf(LOG, "desktop_scale_factor ns=%d factor=%.2f dpi=%.1f\n", ns, scale(ns), dpi[ns][0]);
    }
  }
  
  
  class Fl_Win32_At_Exit {
  public:
    Fl_Win32_At_Exit() {}
    ~Fl_Win32_At_Exit() {
      fl_free_fonts(); // do some Windows cleanup
      fl_cleanup_pens();
      OleUninitialize();
      if (fl_graphics_driver) fl_brush_action(1);
      fl_cleanup_dc_list();
      // This is actually too late in the cleanup process to remove the
      // clipboard notifications, but we have no earlier hook so we try
      // to work around it anyway.
      if (clipboard_wnd != NULL)
        fl_clipboard_notify_untarget(clipboard_wnd);
    }
  };
  static Fl_Win32_At_Exit win32_at_exit;
  
  static char im_enabled = 1;
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver::enable_im() {
    open_display();
  
    Fl_X *i = Fl_X::first;
    while (i) {
      flImmAssociateContextEx(i->xid, 0, IACE_DEFAULT);
      i = i->next;
    }
  
    im_enabled = 1;
  }
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver::disable_im() {
    open_display();
  
    Fl_X *i = Fl_X::first;
    while (i) {
      flImmAssociateContextEx(i->xid, 0, 0);
      i = i->next;
    }
  
    im_enabled = 0;
  }
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  
  int Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver::get_mouse_unscaled(int &mx, int &my) {
    POINT p;
    GetCursorPos(&p);
    mx = p.x;
    my = p.y;
    int screen = screen_num_unscaled(mx, my);
    return screen >= 0 ? screen : 0;
  }
  
  int Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver::get_mouse(int &x, int &y) {
    int n = get_mouse_unscaled(x, y);
    float s = scale(n);
    x = x / s;
    y = y / s;
    return n;
  }
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // code used for selections:
  
  char *fl_selection_buffer[2];
  int fl_selection_length[2];
  int fl_selection_buffer_length[2];
  char fl_i_own_selection[2];
  
  UINT fl_get_lcid_codepage(LCID id) {
    char buf[8];
    buf[GetLocaleInfo(id, LOCALE_IDEFAULTANSICODEPAGE, buf, 8)] = 0;
    return atol(buf);
  }
  
  // Convert \n -> \r\n
  class Lf2CrlfConvert {
    char *out;
    int outlen;
  
  public:
    Lf2CrlfConvert(const char *in, int inlen) {
      outlen = 0;
      const char *i;
      char *o;
      int lencount;
      // Predict size of \r\n conversion buffer
      for (i = in, lencount = inlen; lencount > 0; lencount--) {
        if (*i == '\r' && *(i + 1) == '\n' && lencount >= 2) { // leave \r\n untranslated
          i += 2;
          outlen += 2;
          lencount--;
        } else if (*i == '\n') { // \n by itself? leave room to insert \r
          i++;
          outlen += 2;
        } else {
          ++i;
          ++outlen;
        }
      }
      // Alloc conversion buffer + NULL
      out = new char[outlen + 1];
      // Handle \n -> \r\n conversion
      for (i = in, o = out, lencount = inlen; lencount > 0; lencount--) {
        if (*i == '\r' && *(i + 1) == '\n' && lencount >= 2) { // leave \r\n untranslated
          *o++ = *i++;
          *o++ = *i++;
          lencount--;
        } else if (*i == '\n') { // \n by itself? insert \r
          *o++ = '\r';
          *o++ = *i++;
        } else {
          *o++ = *i++;
        }
      }
      *o++ = 0;
    }
    ~Lf2CrlfConvert() {
      delete[] out;
    }
    int GetLength() const { return (outlen); }
    const char *GetValue() const { return (out); }
  };
  
  void fl_update_clipboard(void) {
    Fl_Window *w1 = Fl::first_window();
    if (!w1)
      return;
  
    HWND hwnd = fl_xid(w1);
  
    if (!OpenClipboard(hwnd))
      return;
  
    EmptyClipboard();
  
    int utf16_len = fl_utf8toUtf16(fl_selection_buffer[1], fl_selection_length[1], 0, 0);
  
    HGLOBAL hMem = GlobalAlloc(GHND, utf16_len * 2 + 2); // moveable and zero'ed mem alloc.
    LPVOID memLock = GlobalLock(hMem);
  
    fl_utf8toUtf16(fl_selection_buffer[1], fl_selection_length[1], (unsigned short *)memLock, utf16_len + 1);
  
    GlobalUnlock(hMem);
    SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, hMem);
  
    CloseClipboard();
  
    // In case Windows managed to lob of a WM_DESTROYCLIPBOARD during
    // the above.
    fl_i_own_selection[1] = 1;
  }
  
  // call this when you create a selection:
  void Fl_WinAPI_System_Driver::copy(const char *stuff, int len, int clipboard, const char *type) {
    if (!stuff || len < 0)
      return;
    if (clipboard >= 2)
      clipboard = 1; // Only on X11 do multiple clipboards make sense.
  
    // Convert \n -> \r\n (for old apps like Notepad, DOS)
    Lf2CrlfConvert buf(stuff, len);
    len = buf.GetLength();
    stuff = buf.GetValue();
  
    if (len + 1 > fl_selection_buffer_length[clipboard]) {
      delete[] fl_selection_buffer[clipboard];
      fl_selection_buffer[clipboard] = new char[len + 100];
      fl_selection_buffer_length[clipboard] = len + 100;
    }
    memcpy(fl_selection_buffer[clipboard], stuff, len);
    fl_selection_buffer[clipboard][len] = 0; // needed for direct paste
    fl_selection_length[clipboard] = len;
    fl_i_own_selection[clipboard] = 1;
    if (clipboard)
      fl_update_clipboard();
  }
  
  // Call this when a "paste" operation happens:
  void Fl_WinAPI_System_Driver::paste(Fl_Widget &receiver, int clipboard, const char *type) {
    if (!clipboard || (fl_i_own_selection[clipboard] && strcmp(type, Fl::clipboard_plain_text) == 0)) {
      // We already have it, do it quickly without window server.
      // Notice that the text is clobbered if set_selection is
      // called in response to FL_PASTE!
      char *i = fl_selection_buffer[clipboard];
      if (i == 0L) {
        Fl::e_text = 0;
        return;
      }
      char *clip_text = new char[fl_selection_length[clipboard] + 1];
      char *o = clip_text;
      while (*i) { // Convert \r\n -> \n
        if (*i == '\r' && *(i + 1) == '\n')
          i++;
        else
          *o++ = *i++;
      }
      *o = 0;
      Fl::e_text = clip_text;
      Fl::e_length = (int)(o - Fl::e_text);
      Fl::e_clipboard_type = Fl::clipboard_plain_text;
      receiver.handle(FL_PASTE); // this may change Fl::e_text
      delete[] clip_text;
      Fl::e_text = 0;
    } else if (clipboard) {
      HANDLE h;
      if (!OpenClipboard(NULL))
        return;
      if (strcmp(type, Fl::clipboard_plain_text) == 0) { // we want plain text from clipboard
        if ((h = GetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT))) {    // there's text in the clipboard
          wchar_t *memLock = (wchar_t *)GlobalLock(h);
          size_t utf16_len = wcslen(memLock);
          char *clip_text = new char[utf16_len * 4 + 1];
          unsigned utf8_len = fl_utf8fromwc(clip_text, (unsigned)(utf16_len * 4), memLock, (unsigned)utf16_len);
          *(clip_text + utf8_len) = 0;
          GlobalUnlock(h);
          LPSTR a, b;
          a = b = clip_text;
          while (*a) { // strip the CRLF pairs ($%$#@^)
            if (*a == '\r' && a[1] == '\n')
              a++;
            else
              *b++ = *a++;
          }
          *b = 0;
          Fl::e_text = clip_text;
          Fl::e_length = (int)(b - Fl::e_text);
          Fl::e_clipboard_type = Fl::clipboard_plain_text; // indicates that the paste event is for plain UTF8 text
          receiver.handle(FL_PASTE);                       // send the FL_PASTE event to the widget. May change Fl::e_text
          delete[] clip_text;
          Fl::e_text = 0;
        }
      } else if (strcmp(type, Fl::clipboard_image) == 0) { // we want an image from clipboard
        uchar *rgb = NULL;
        Fl_RGB_Image *image = NULL;
        int width = 0, height = 0, depth = 0;
        if ((h = GetClipboardData(CF_DIB))) { // if there's a DIB in clipboard
          LPBITMAPINFO lpBI = (LPBITMAPINFO)GlobalLock(h);
          width = lpBI->bmiHeader.biWidth; // bitmap width & height
          height = lpBI->bmiHeader.biHeight; // is < 0 for top-down DIB
          if ((lpBI->bmiHeader.biBitCount == 24 || lpBI->bmiHeader.biBitCount == 32) &&
              lpBI->bmiHeader.biCompression == BI_RGB &&
              lpBI->bmiHeader.biClrUsed == 0) {      // direct use of the DIB data if it's RGB or RGBA
            int linewidth;                           // row length
            depth = lpBI->bmiHeader.biBitCount / 8;  // 3 or 4
            if (depth == 3)
              linewidth = 4 * ((3 * width + 3) / 4); // row length: series of groups of 3 bytes, rounded to multiple of 4 bytes
            else
              linewidth = 4 * width;
            rgb = new uchar[width * abs(height) * depth]; // will hold the image data
            uchar *p = rgb, *r, rr, gg, bb;
            int step = (height > 0 ? -1 : +1);
            int from = (height > 0 ? height-1 : 0);
            int to = (height > 0 ? 0 : -height-1);
            for (int i = from; (height > 0 ? i>=to : i <=to); i += step) {// for each row, from last to first
              r = (uchar *)(lpBI->bmiColors) + i * linewidth; // beginning of pixel data for the ith row
              for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {               // for each pixel in a row
                bb = *r++;                                    // BGR is in DIB
                gg = *r++;
                rr = *r++;
                *p++ = rr; // we want RGB
                *p++ = gg;
                *p++ = bb;
                if (depth == 4)
                  *p++ = *r++; // copy alpha if present
              }
            }
          } else { // the system will decode a complex DIB
            void *pDIBBits = (void *)(lpBI->bmiColors + 256);
            if (lpBI->bmiHeader.biCompression == BI_BITFIELDS)
              pDIBBits = (void *)(lpBI->bmiColors + 3);
            else if (lpBI->bmiHeader.biClrUsed > 0)
              pDIBBits = (void *)(lpBI->bmiColors + lpBI->bmiHeader.biClrUsed);
            Fl_Image_Surface *surf = new Fl_Image_Surface(width, abs(height));
            Fl_Surface_Device::push_current(surf);
            SetDIBitsToDevice((HDC)fl_graphics_driver->gc(), 0, 0, width, abs(height), 0, 0, 0, abs(height), pDIBBits, lpBI, DIB_RGB_COLORS);
            rgb = fl_read_image(NULL, 0, 0, width, abs(height));
            depth = 3;
            Fl_Surface_Device::pop_current();
            delete surf;
          }
          GlobalUnlock(h);
        } else if ((h = GetClipboardData(CF_ENHMETAFILE))) { // if there's an enhanced metafile in clipboard
          ENHMETAHEADER header;
          GetEnhMetaFileHeader((HENHMETAFILE)h, sizeof(header), &header); // get structure containing metafile dimensions
          width = (header.rclFrame.right - header.rclFrame.left + 1);     // in .01 mm units
          height = (header.rclFrame.bottom - header.rclFrame.top + 1);
          HDC hdc = GetDC(NULL); // get unit correspondance between .01 mm and screen pixels
          int hmm = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, HORZSIZE);
          int hdots = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, HORZRES);
          ReleaseDC(NULL, hdc);
          float factor = (100.f * hmm) / hdots;
          float scaling = Fl::screen_driver()->scale(Fl_Window_Driver::driver(receiver.top_window())->screen_num());
          if (!Fl_Window::current()) {
            Fl_GDI_Graphics_Driver *d = (Fl_GDI_Graphics_Driver*)&Fl_Graphics_Driver::default_driver();
            d->scale(scaling);// may run early at app startup before Fl_Window::make_current() scales d
          }
          width = int(width / (scaling * factor)); // convert to screen pixel unit
          height = int(height / (scaling * factor));
          RECT rect = {0, 0, width, height};
          Fl_Image_Surface *surf = new Fl_Image_Surface(width, height, 1);
          Fl_Surface_Device::push_current(surf);
          fl_color(FL_WHITE);             // draw white background
          fl_rectf(0, 0, width, height);
          rect.right *= scaling;          // apply scaling to the metafile draw operation
          rect.bottom *= scaling;
          PlayEnhMetaFile((HDC)fl_graphics_driver->gc(), (HENHMETAFILE)h, &rect); // draw metafile to offscreen buffer
          image = surf->image();
          Fl_Surface_Device::pop_current();
          delete surf;
        }
        if (rgb || image) {
          if (!image) {
            image = new Fl_RGB_Image(rgb, width, abs(height), depth); // create new image from pixel data
            image->alloc_array = 1;
          }
          Fl::e_clipboard_data = image;
          Fl::e_clipboard_type = Fl::clipboard_image; // indicates that the paste event is for image data
          int done = receiver.handle(FL_PASTE);       // send FL_PASTE event to widget
          Fl::e_clipboard_type = "";
          if (done == 0) { // if widget did not handle the event, delete the image
            Fl::e_clipboard_data = NULL;
            delete image;
          }
        }
      }
      CloseClipboard();
    }
  }
  
  int Fl_WinAPI_System_Driver::clipboard_contains(const char *type) {
    int retval = 0;
    if (!OpenClipboard(NULL))
      return 0;
    if (strcmp(type, Fl::clipboard_plain_text) == 0 || type[0] == 0) {
      retval = IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_UNICODETEXT);
    } else if (strcmp(type, Fl::clipboard_image) == 0) {
      retval = IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_DIB) || IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_ENHMETAFILE);
    }
    CloseClipboard();
    return retval;
  }
  
  static void fl_clipboard_notify_target(HWND wnd) {
    if (clipboard_wnd)
      return;
  
    // We get one fake WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD immediately, which we therefore
    // need to ignore.
    initial_clipboard = true;
  
    clipboard_wnd = wnd;
    next_clipboard_wnd = SetClipboardViewer(wnd);
  }
  
  static void fl_clipboard_notify_untarget(HWND wnd) {
    if (wnd != clipboard_wnd)
      return;
  
    // We might be called late in the cleanup where Windows has already
    // implicitly destroyed our clipboard window. At that point we need
    // to do some extra work to manually repair the clipboard chain.
    if (IsWindow(wnd))
      ChangeClipboardChain(wnd, next_clipboard_wnd);
    else {
      HWND tmp, head;
  
      tmp = CreateWindow("STATIC", "Temporary FLTK Clipboard Window", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, HWND_MESSAGE, NULL, NULL, NULL);
      if (tmp == NULL)
        return;
  
      head = SetClipboardViewer(tmp);
      if (head == NULL)
        ChangeClipboardChain(tmp, next_clipboard_wnd);
      else {
        SendMessage(head, WM_CHANGECBCHAIN, (WPARAM)wnd, (LPARAM)next_clipboard_wnd);
        ChangeClipboardChain(tmp, head);
      }
  
      DestroyWindow(tmp);
    }
  
    clipboard_wnd = next_clipboard_wnd = 0;
  }
  
  void fl_clipboard_notify_retarget(HWND wnd) {
    // The given window is getting destroyed. If it's part of the
    // clipboard chain then we need to unregister it and find a
    // replacement window.
    if (wnd != clipboard_wnd)
      return;
  
    fl_clipboard_notify_untarget(wnd);
  
    if (Fl::first_window())
      fl_clipboard_notify_target(fl_xid(Fl::first_window()));
  }
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_System_Driver::clipboard_notify_change() {
    // untarget clipboard monitor if no handlers are registered
    if (clipboard_wnd != NULL && fl_clipboard_notify_empty()) {
      fl_clipboard_notify_untarget(clipboard_wnd);
      return;
    }
  
    // if there are clipboard notify handlers but no window targeted
    // target first window if available
    if (clipboard_wnd == NULL && Fl::first_window())
      fl_clipboard_notify_target(fl_xid(Fl::first_window()));
  }
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  void fl_get_codepage() {
    HKL hkl = GetKeyboardLayout(0);
    TCHAR ld[8];
  
    GetLocaleInfo(LOWORD(hkl), LOCALE_IDEFAULTANSICODEPAGE, ld, 6);
    DWORD ccp = atol(ld);
    fl_codepage = ccp;
  }
  
  HWND fl_capture;
  
  static int mouse_event(Fl_Window *window, int what, int button,
                         WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    static int px, py, pmx, pmy;
    POINT pt;
    float scale = Fl_Graphics_Driver::default_driver().scale();
    Fl::e_x = pt.x = (signed short)LOWORD(lParam);
    Fl::e_y = pt.y = (signed short)HIWORD(lParam);
    Fl::e_x /= scale;
    Fl::e_y /= scale;
    ClientToScreen(fl_xid(window), &pt);
    Fl::e_x_root = pt.x / scale;
    Fl::e_y_root = pt.y / scale;
  #ifdef USE_CAPTURE_MOUSE_WIN
    Fl_Window *mouse_window = window; // save "mouse window"
  #endif
    while (window->parent()) {
      Fl::e_x += window->x();
      Fl::e_y += window->y();
      window = window->window();
    }
  
    ulong state = Fl::e_state & 0xff0000; // keep shift key states
  #if 0
    // mouse event reports some shift flags, perhaps save them?
    if (wParam & MK_SHIFT) state |= FL_SHIFT;
    if (wParam & MK_CONTROL) state |= FL_CTRL;
  #endif
    if (wParam & MK_LBUTTON) state |= FL_BUTTON1;
    if (wParam & MK_MBUTTON) state |= FL_BUTTON2;
    if (wParam & MK_RBUTTON) state |= FL_BUTTON3;
    Fl::e_state = state;
  
    switch (what) {
      case 1: // double-click
        if (Fl::e_is_click) {
          Fl::e_clicks++;
          goto J1;
        }
      case 0: // single-click
        Fl::e_clicks = 0;
      J1:
  #ifdef USE_CAPTURE_MOUSE_WIN
        if (!fl_capture)
          SetCapture(fl_xid(mouse_window)); // use mouse window
  #else
        if (!fl_capture)
          SetCapture(fl_xid(window)); // use main window
  #endif
        Fl::e_keysym = FL_Button + button;
        Fl::e_is_click = 1;
        px = pmx = Fl::e_x_root;
        py = pmy = Fl::e_y_root;
        return Fl::handle(FL_PUSH, window);
  
      case 2: // release:
        if (!fl_capture)
          ReleaseCapture();
        Fl::e_keysym = FL_Button + button;
        return Fl::handle(FL_RELEASE, window);
  
      case 3:  // move:
      default: // avoid compiler warning
        // Windows produces extra events even if the mouse does not move, ignore em:
        if (Fl::e_x_root == pmx && Fl::e_y_root == pmy)
          return 1;
        pmx = Fl::e_x_root;
        pmy = Fl::e_y_root;
        if (abs(Fl::e_x_root - px) > 5 || abs(Fl::e_y_root - py) > 5)
          Fl::e_is_click = 0;
        return Fl::handle(FL_MOVE, window);
    }
  }
  
  // Convert a Windows VK_x to an FLTK (X) Keysym:
  // See also the inverse converter in Fl_get_key_win32.cxx
  // This table is in numeric order by VK:
  static const struct {
    unsigned short vk, fltk, extended;
  } vktab[] = {
    {VK_BACK,     FL_BackSpace},
    {VK_TAB,      FL_Tab},
    {VK_CLEAR,    FL_KP+'5',      0xff0b/*XK_Clear*/},
    {VK_RETURN,   FL_Enter,       FL_KP_Enter},
    {VK_SHIFT,    FL_Shift_L,     FL_Shift_R},
    {VK_CONTROL,  FL_Control_L,   FL_Control_R},
    {VK_MENU,     FL_Alt_L,       FL_Alt_R},
    {VK_PAUSE,    FL_Pause},
    {VK_CAPITAL,  FL_Caps_Lock},
    {VK_ESCAPE,   FL_Escape},
    {VK_SPACE,    ' '},
    {VK_PRIOR,    FL_KP+'9',      FL_Page_Up},
    {VK_NEXT,     FL_KP+'3',      FL_Page_Down},
    {VK_END,      FL_KP+'1',      FL_End},
    {VK_HOME,     FL_KP+'7',      FL_Home},
    {VK_LEFT,     FL_KP+'4',      FL_Left},
    {VK_UP,       FL_KP+'8',      FL_Up},
    {VK_RIGHT,    FL_KP+'6',      FL_Right},
    {VK_DOWN,     FL_KP+'2',      FL_Down},
    {VK_SNAPSHOT, FL_Print},      // does not work on NT
    {VK_INSERT,   FL_KP+'0',      FL_Insert},
    {VK_DELETE,   FL_KP+'.',      FL_Delete},
    {VK_LWIN,     FL_Meta_L},
    {VK_RWIN,     FL_Meta_R},
    {VK_APPS,     FL_Menu},
    {VK_SLEEP, FL_Sleep},
    {VK_MULTIPLY, FL_KP+'*'},
    {VK_ADD,      FL_KP+'+'},
    {VK_SUBTRACT, FL_KP+'-'},
    {VK_DECIMAL,  FL_KP+'.'},
    {VK_DIVIDE,   FL_KP+'/'},
    {VK_NUMLOCK,  FL_Num_Lock},
    {VK_SCROLL,   FL_Scroll_Lock},
  #if defined(_WIN32_WINNT) && (_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0500)
    {VK_BROWSER_BACK,     FL_Back},
    {VK_BROWSER_FORWARD,  FL_Forward},
    {VK_BROWSER_REFRESH,  FL_Refresh},
    {VK_BROWSER_STOP,     FL_Stop},
    {VK_BROWSER_SEARCH,   FL_Search},
    {VK_BROWSER_FAVORITES, FL_Favorites},
    {VK_BROWSER_HOME,     FL_Home_Page},
    {VK_VOLUME_MUTE,      FL_Volume_Mute},
    {VK_VOLUME_DOWN,      FL_Volume_Down},
    {VK_VOLUME_UP,        FL_Volume_Up},
    {VK_MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK, FL_Media_Next},
    {VK_MEDIA_PREV_TRACK, FL_Media_Prev},
    {VK_MEDIA_STOP,       FL_Media_Stop},
    {VK_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE, FL_Media_Play},
    {VK_LAUNCH_MAIL,      FL_Mail},
  #endif
    {0xba,        ';'},
    {0xbb,        '='},
    {0xbc,        ','},
    {0xbd,        '-'},
    {0xbe,        '.'},
    {0xbf,        '/'},
    {0xc0,        '`'},
    {0xdb,        '['},
    {0xdc,        '\\'},
    {0xdd,        ']'},
    {0xde,        '\''},
    {VK_OEM_102,  FL_Iso_Key}
  };
  static int ms2fltk(WPARAM vk, int extended) {
    static unsigned short vklut[256];
    static unsigned short extendedlut[256];
    if (!vklut[1]) { // init the table
      unsigned int i;
      for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
        vklut[i] = tolower(i);
      for (i = VK_F1; i <= VK_F16; i++)
        vklut[i] = i + (FL_F - (VK_F1 - 1));
      for (i = VK_NUMPAD0; i <= VK_NUMPAD9; i++)
        vklut[i] = i + (FL_KP + '0' - VK_NUMPAD0);
      for (i = 0; i < sizeof(vktab) / sizeof(*vktab); i++) {
        vklut[vktab[i].vk] = vktab[i].fltk;
        extendedlut[vktab[i].vk] = vktab[i].extended;
      }
      for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
        if (!extendedlut[i])
          extendedlut[i] = vklut[i];
    }
    return extended ? extendedlut[vk] : vklut[vk];
  }
  
  #if USE_COLORMAP
  extern HPALETTE fl_select_palette(void); // in fl_color_win32.cxx
  #endif
  
  
  static Fl_Window *resize_bug_fix;
  
  extern void fl_save_pen(void);
  extern void fl_restore_pen(void);
  
  static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
  
    // Copy the message to fl_msg so add_handler code can see it.
    // It is already there if this is called by DispatchMessage,
    // but not if Windows calls this directly.
  
    fl_msg.hwnd = hWnd;
    fl_msg.message = uMsg;
    fl_msg.wParam = wParam;
    fl_msg.lParam = lParam;
    // fl_msg.time = ???
    // fl_msg.pt = ???
    // fl_msg.lPrivate = ???
  
    Fl_Window *window = fl_find(hWnd);
    float scale = (window ? Fl::screen_driver()->scale(Fl_Window_Driver::driver(window)->screen_num()) : 1);
  
    if (window) {
      switch (uMsg) {
  
        case WM_DPICHANGED: { // 0x02E0
          if (is_dpi_aware && !Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::data_for_resize_window_between_screens_.busy) {
            RECT r;
            Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver *sd = (Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver*)Fl::screen_driver();
            int ns = Fl_Window_Driver::driver(window)->screen_num();
            sd->dpi[ns][0] = sd->dpi[ns][1] = HIWORD(wParam);
            float f = HIWORD(wParam) / 96.;
            GetClientRect(hWnd, &r);
            float old_f = float(r.right) / window->w();
            Fl::screen_driver()->scale(ns, f);
            Fl_Window_Driver::driver(window)->resize_after_scale_change(ns, old_f, f);
          }
          return 0;
        }
  
        case WM_QUIT: // this should not happen?
          Fl::fatal("WM_QUIT message");
  
        case WM_CLOSE: // user clicked close box
          Fl::handle(FL_CLOSE, window);
          return 0;
  
        case WM_SYNCPAINT:
        case WM_NCPAINT:
        case WM_ERASEBKGND:
          // Andreas Weitl - WM_SYNCPAINT needs to be passed to DefWindowProc
          // so that Windows can generate the proper paint messages...
          // Similarly, WM_NCPAINT and WM_ERASEBKGND need this, too...
          break;
  
        case WM_PAINT: {
          Fl_Region R, R2;
          Fl_X *i = Fl_X::i(window);
          Fl_Window_Driver::driver(window)->wait_for_expose_value = 0;
          char redraw_whole_window = false;
          if (!i->region && window->damage()) {
            // Redraw the whole window...
            i->region = CreateRectRgn(0, 0, window->w(), window->h());
            redraw_whole_window = true;
          }
  
          // We need to merge Windows' damage into FLTK's damage.
          R = CreateRectRgn(0, 0, 0, 0);
          int r = GetUpdateRgn(hWnd, R, 0);
          if (r == NULLREGION && !redraw_whole_window) {
            DeleteObject(R);
            break;
          }
  
          // convert i->region in FLTK units to R2 in drawing units
          R2 = Fl_GDI_Graphics_Driver::scale_region(i->region, scale, NULL);
  
          if (R2) {
            // Also tell Windows that we are drawing someplace else as well...
            CombineRgn(R2, R2, R, RGN_OR);
            DeleteObject(R);
          } else {
            R2 = R;
          }
          if (window->type() == FL_DOUBLE_WINDOW)
            ValidateRgn(hWnd, 0);
          else {
            ValidateRgn(hWnd, R2);
          }
  
          // convert R2 in drawing units to i->region in FLTK units
          i->region = Fl_GDI_Graphics_Driver::scale_region(R2, 1 / scale, NULL);
  
          window->clear_damage((uchar)(window->damage() | FL_DAMAGE_EXPOSE));
          // These next two statements should not be here, so that all update
          // is deferred until Fl::flush() is called during idle.  However Windows
          // apparently is very unhappy if we don't obey it and draw right now.
          // Very annoying!
          fl_GetDC(hWnd); // Make sure we have a DC for this window...
          fl_save_pen();
          Fl_Window_Driver::driver(window)->flush();
          fl_restore_pen();
          window->clear_damage();
          return 0;
        } // case WM_PAINT
  
        case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
          mouse_event(window, 0, 1, wParam, lParam);
          return 0;
        case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:
          mouse_event(window, 1, 1, wParam, lParam);
          return 0;
        case WM_LBUTTONUP:
          mouse_event(window, 2, 1, wParam, lParam);
          return 0;
        case WM_MBUTTONDOWN:
          mouse_event(window, 0, 2, wParam, lParam);
          return 0;
        case WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK:
          mouse_event(window, 1, 2, wParam, lParam);
          return 0;
        case WM_MBUTTONUP:
          mouse_event(window, 2, 2, wParam, lParam);
          return 0;
        case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
          mouse_event(window, 0, 3, wParam, lParam);
          return 0;
        case WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK:
          mouse_event(window, 1, 3, wParam, lParam);
          return 0;
        case WM_RBUTTONUP:
          mouse_event(window, 2, 3, wParam, lParam);
          return 0;
  
        case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
  #ifdef USE_TRACK_MOUSE
          if (track_mouse_win != window) {
            TRACKMOUSEEVENT tme;
            tme.cbSize    = sizeof(TRACKMOUSEEVENT);
            tme.dwFlags   = TME_LEAVE;
            tme.hwndTrack = hWnd;
            _TrackMouseEvent(&tme);
            track_mouse_win = window;
          }
  #endif  // USE_TRACK_MOUSE
          mouse_event(window, 3, 0, wParam, lParam);
          return 0;
  
        case WM_MOUSELEAVE:
          if (track_mouse_win == window) { // we left the top level window !
            Fl_Window *tw = window;
            while (tw->parent()) // find top level window
              tw = tw->window();
            Fl::belowmouse(0);
            Fl::handle(FL_LEAVE, tw);
          }
          track_mouse_win = 0; // force TrackMouseEvent() restart
          break;
  
        case WM_SETFOCUS:
          if ((Fl::modal_) && (Fl::modal_ != window)) {
            SetFocus(fl_xid(Fl::modal_));
            return 0;
          }
          Fl::handle(FL_FOCUS, window);
          break;
  
        case WM_KILLFOCUS:
          Fl::handle(FL_UNFOCUS, window);
          Fl::flush(); // it never returns to main loop when deactivated...
          break;
  
        case WM_SHOWWINDOW:
          if (!window->parent()) {
            Fl::handle(wParam ? FL_SHOW : FL_HIDE, window);
          }
          break;
  
        case WM_ACTIVATEAPP:
          // From eric@vfx.sel.sony.com, we should process WM_ACTIVATEAPP
          // messages to restore the correct state of the shift/ctrl/alt/lock
          // keys...  Added control, shift, alt, and meta keys, and changed
          // to use GetAsyncKeyState and do it when wParam is 1
          // (that means we have focus...)
          if (wParam) {
            ulong state = 0;
            if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_CAPITAL))
              state |= FL_CAPS_LOCK;
            if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_NUMLOCK))
              state |= FL_NUM_LOCK;
            if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SCROLL))
              state |= FL_SCROLL_LOCK;
            if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_CONTROL) & ~1)
              state |= FL_CTRL;
            if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SHIFT) & ~1)
              state |= FL_SHIFT;
            if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_MENU))
              state |= FL_ALT;
            if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LWIN) | GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RWIN)) & ~1)
              state |= FL_META;
            Fl::e_state = state;
            return 0;
          }
          break;
  
        case WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE:
          fl_get_codepage();
          break;
        case WM_IME_COMPOSITION:
          // if (!fl_is_nt4() && lParam & GCS_RESULTCLAUSE) {
          //   HIMC himc = ImmGetContext(hWnd);
          //     wlen = ImmGetCompositionStringW(himc, GCS_RESULTSTR,
          //                                     wbuf, sizeof(wbuf)) / sizeof(short);
          //     if (wlen < 0) wlen = 0;
          //       wbuf[wlen] = 0;
          //       ImmReleaseContext(hWnd, himc);
          //     }
          break;
  
        case WM_KEYDOWN:
        case WM_SYSKEYDOWN:
        case WM_KEYUP:
        case WM_SYSKEYUP:
          // save the keysym until we figure out the characters:
          Fl::e_keysym = Fl::e_original_keysym = ms2fltk(wParam, lParam & (1 << 24));
          // See if TranslateMessage turned it into a WM_*CHAR message:
          if (PeekMessageW(&fl_msg, hWnd, WM_CHAR, WM_SYSDEADCHAR, PM_REMOVE)) {
            uMsg = fl_msg.message;
            wParam = fl_msg.wParam;
            lParam = fl_msg.lParam;
          }
          // FALLTHROUGH ...
  
        case WM_DEADCHAR:
        case WM_SYSDEADCHAR:
        case WM_CHAR:
        case WM_SYSCHAR: {
          ulong state = Fl::e_state & 0xff000000; // keep the mouse button state
          // if GetKeyState is expensive we might want to comment some of these out:
          if (GetKeyState(VK_SHIFT) & ~1)
            state |= FL_SHIFT;
          if (GetKeyState(VK_CAPITAL))
            state |= FL_CAPS_LOCK;
          if (GetKeyState(VK_CONTROL) & ~1)
            state |= FL_CTRL;
          // Alt gets reported for the Alt-GR switch on non-English keyboards.
          // so we need to check the event as well to get it right:
          if ((lParam & (1 << 29)) // same as GetKeyState(VK_MENU)
              && uMsg != WM_CHAR)
            state |= FL_ALT;
          if (GetKeyState(VK_NUMLOCK))
            state |= FL_NUM_LOCK;
          if ((GetKeyState(VK_LWIN) | GetKeyState(VK_RWIN)) & ~1) {
            // Windows bug?  GetKeyState returns garbage if the user hit the
            // meta key to pop up start menu.  Sigh.
            if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LWIN) | GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RWIN)) & ~1)
              state |= FL_META;
          }
          if (GetKeyState(VK_SCROLL))
            state |= FL_SCROLL_LOCK;
          Fl::e_state = state;
          static char buffer[1024];
          if (uMsg == WM_CHAR || uMsg == WM_SYSCHAR) {
            wchar_t u = (wchar_t)wParam;
            Fl::e_length = fl_utf8fromwc(buffer, 1024, &u, 1);
            buffer[Fl::e_length] = 0;
          } else if (Fl::e_keysym >= FL_KP && Fl::e_keysym <= FL_KP_Last) {
            if (state & FL_NUM_LOCK) {
              // Convert to regular keypress...
              buffer[0] = Fl::e_keysym - FL_KP;
              Fl::e_length = 1;
            } else {
              // Convert to special keypress...
              buffer[0] = 0;
              Fl::e_length = 0;
              switch (Fl::e_keysym) {
                case FL_KP + '0':
                  Fl::e_keysym = FL_Insert;
                  break;
                case FL_KP + '1':
                  Fl::e_keysym = FL_End;
                  break;
                case FL_KP + '2':
                  Fl::e_keysym = FL_Down;
                  break;
                case FL_KP + '3':
                  Fl::e_keysym = FL_Page_Down;
                  break;
                case FL_KP + '4':
                  Fl::e_keysym = FL_Left;
                  break;
                case FL_KP + '6':
                  Fl::e_keysym = FL_Right;
                  break;
                case FL_KP + '7':
                  Fl::e_keysym = FL_Home;
                  break;
                case FL_KP + '8':
                  Fl::e_keysym = FL_Up;
                  break;
                case FL_KP + '9':
                  Fl::e_keysym = FL_Page_Up;
                  break;
                case FL_KP + '.':
                  Fl::e_keysym = FL_Delete;
                  break;
                case FL_KP + '/':
                case FL_KP + '*':
                case FL_KP + '-':
                case FL_KP + '+':
                  buffer[0] = Fl::e_keysym - FL_KP;
                  Fl::e_length = 1;
                  break;
              }
            }
          } else if ((lParam & (1 << 31)) == 0) {
  #ifdef FLTK_PREVIEW_DEAD_KEYS
            if ((lParam & (1 << 24)) == 0) { // clear if dead key (always?)
              wchar_t u = (wchar_t)wParam;
              Fl::e_length = fl_utf8fromwc(buffer, 1024, &u, 1);
              buffer[Fl::e_length] = 0;
            } else { // set if "extended key" (never printable?)
              buffer[0] = 0;
              Fl::e_length = 0;
            }
  #else
            buffer[0] = 0;
            Fl::e_length = 0;
  #endif
          }
          Fl::e_text = buffer;
          if (lParam & (1 << 31)) { // key up events.
            if (Fl::handle(FL_KEYUP, window))
              return 0;
            break;
          }
          while (window->parent())
            window = window->window();
          if (Fl::handle(FL_KEYBOARD, window)) {
            if (uMsg == WM_DEADCHAR || uMsg == WM_SYSDEADCHAR)
              Fl::compose_state = 1;
            return 0;
          }
          break; // WM_KEYDOWN ... WM_SYSKEYUP, WM_DEADCHAR ... WM_SYSCHAR
        } // case WM_DEADCHAR ... WM_SYSCHAR
  
        case WM_MOUSEWHEEL: {
          static int delta = 0; // running total of all motion
          delta += (SHORT)(HIWORD(wParam));
          Fl::e_dx = 0;
          Fl::e_dy = -delta / WHEEL_DELTA;
          delta += Fl::e_dy * WHEEL_DELTA;
          if (Fl::e_dy)
            Fl::handle(FL_MOUSEWHEEL, window);
          return 0;
        }
  
        case WM_MOUSEHWHEEL: {
          static int delta = 0; // running total of all motion
          delta += (SHORT)(HIWORD(wParam));
          Fl::e_dy = 0;
          Fl::e_dx = delta / WHEEL_DELTA;
          delta -= Fl::e_dx * WHEEL_DELTA;
          if (Fl::e_dx)
            Fl::handle(FL_MOUSEWHEEL, window);
          return 0;
        }
  
        case WM_GETMINMAXINFO:
          Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::driver(window)->set_minmax((LPMINMAXINFO)lParam);
          break;
  
        case WM_SIZE:
          if (!window->parent()) {
            if (wParam == SIZE_MINIMIZED || wParam == SIZE_MAXHIDE) {
              Fl::handle(FL_HIDE, window);
            } else {
              Fl::handle(FL_SHOW, window);
              resize_bug_fix = window;
              window->size(ceil(LOWORD(lParam) / scale), ceil(HIWORD(lParam) / scale));
              // fprintf(LOG,"WM_SIZE size(%.0f,%.0f) graph(%d,%d) s=%.2f\n",
              //         ceil(LOWORD(lParam)/scale),ceil(HIWORD(lParam)/scale),
              //         LOWORD(lParam),HIWORD(lParam),scale);
            }
          }
          break;
  
        case WM_MOVE: {
          if (IsIconic(hWnd)) {
            break;
          }
          resize_bug_fix = window;
          int nx = LOWORD(lParam);
          int ny = HIWORD(lParam);
          if (nx & 0x8000) nx -= 65536;
          if (ny & 0x8000) ny -= 65536;
          // fprintf(LOG,"WM_MOVE position(%d,%d) s=%.2f\n",int(nx/scale),int(ny/scale),scale);
          // detect when window centre changes screen
          Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver *sd = (Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver *)Fl::screen_driver();
          Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver *wd = Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::driver(window);
          int olds = wd->screen_num();
          int news = sd->screen_num_unscaled(nx + window->w() * scale / 2, ny + window->h() * scale / 2);
          if (news == -1)
            news = olds;
          float s = sd->scale(news);
          // fprintf(LOG,"WM_MOVE olds=%d(%.2f) news=%d(%.2f) busy=%d\n",olds,
          //             sd->scale(olds),news, s,
          //             Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::data_for_resize_window_between_screens_.busy);
          // fflush(LOG);
          if (olds != news) {
            if (s != sd->scale(olds) &&
                !Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::data_for_resize_window_between_screens_.busy &&
                window->user_data() != &Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver::transient_scale_display) {
              Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::data_for_resize_window_between_screens_.busy = true;
              Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::data_for_resize_window_between_screens_.screen = news;
              Fl::add_timeout(1, Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::resize_after_screen_change, window);
            }
            else if (!Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::data_for_resize_window_between_screens_.busy)
              wd->screen_num(news);
          }
          window->position(nx / scale, ny / scale);
          break;
        } // case WM_MOVE
  
        case WM_SETCURSOR:
          if (LOWORD(lParam) == HTCLIENT) {
            while (window->parent())
              window = window->window();
            SetCursor(Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::driver(window)->cursor);
            return 0;
          }
          break;
  
  #if USE_COLORMAP
        case WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE:
          fl_GetDC(hWnd);
          if (fl_select_palette())
            InvalidateRect(hWnd, NULL, FALSE);
          break;
  
        case WM_PALETTECHANGED:
          if ((HWND)wParam != hWnd && fl_select_palette())
            UpdateColors(fl_GetDC(hWnd));
          break;
  
        case WM_CREATE:
          fl_GetDC(hWnd);
          fl_select_palette();
          break;
  #endif
  
        case WM_DESTROYCLIPBOARD:
          fl_i_own_selection[1] = 0;
          return 1;
  
        case WM_DISPLAYCHANGE: {// occurs when screen configuration (number, size, position) changes
          Fl::call_screen_init();
          Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver *sd = (Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver*)Fl::screen_driver();
          for (int ns = 0; ns < sd->screen_count(); ns++) {
            sd->rescale_all_windows_from_screen(ns, sd->dpi[ns][0]/96);
          }
          Fl::handle(FL_SCREEN_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED, NULL);
          return 0;
        }
        case WM_CHANGECBCHAIN:
          if ((hWnd == clipboard_wnd) && (next_clipboard_wnd == (HWND)wParam))
            next_clipboard_wnd = (HWND)lParam;
          else
            SendMessage(next_clipboard_wnd, WM_CHANGECBCHAIN, wParam, lParam);
          return 0;
  
        case WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD:
          // When the clipboard moves between two FLTK windows,
          // fl_i_own_selection will temporarily be false as we are
          // processing this message. Hence the need to use fl_find().
          if (!initial_clipboard && !fl_find(GetClipboardOwner()))
            fl_trigger_clipboard_notify(1);
          initial_clipboard = false;
  
          if (next_clipboard_wnd)
            SendMessage(next_clipboard_wnd, WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD, wParam, lParam);
  
          return 0;
  
        default:
          if (Fl::handle(0, 0))
            return 0;
          break;
      } // switch (uMsg)
    } // if (window)
    return DefWindowProcW(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
  }
  
  /* Implementation note about the API to get the dimensions of the top/left borders and the title bar
  
   Function fake_X_wm_style() below is used before calling CreateWindowExW() to create
   a window and before calling SetWindowPos(). Both of these Windows functions need the window size
   including borders and title bar. Function fake_X_wm_style() uses AdjustWindowRectExForDpi() or
   AdjustWindowRectEx() to get the sizes of borders and title bar. The gotten values don't always match
   what is seen on the display, but they are the **required** values so the subsequent calls to
   CreateWindowExW() or SetWindowPos() correctly size the window.
   The Windows doc of AdjustWindowRectExForDpi/AdjustWindowRectEx makes this very clear:
      Calculates the required size of the window rectangle, based on the desired size of the client
      rectangle [and the provided DPI]. This window rectangle can then be passed to the CreateWindowEx
      function to create a window with a client area of the desired size.
  
   Conversely, Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::border_width_title_bar_height() is used to get
   the true sizes of borders and title bar of a mapped window. The correct API for that is
   DwmGetWindowAttribute().
   */
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // This function gets the dimensions of the top/left borders and
  // the title bar, if there is one, based on the FL_BORDER, FL_MODAL
  // and FL_NONMODAL flags, and on the window's size range.
  // It returns the following values:
  //
  // value | border | title bar
  //   0   |  none  |   no
  //   1   |  fix   |   yes
  //   2   |  size  |   yes
  
  static int fake_X_wm_style(const Fl_Window *w, int &X, int &Y, int &bt, int &bx, int &by, DWORD style, DWORD styleEx,
                             int w_maxw, int w_minw, int w_maxh, int w_minh, uchar w_size_range_set) {
    int W = 0, H = 0, xoff = 0, yoff = 0, dx = 0, dy = 0;
    int ret = bx = by = bt = 0;
  
    int fallback = 1;
    float s = Fl::screen_driver()->scale(Fl_Window_Driver::driver(w)->screen_num());
    if (!w->parent()) {
      if (fl_xid(w) || style) {
        // The block below calculates the window borders by requesting the
        // required decorated window rectangle for a desired client rectangle.
        // If any part of the function above fails, we will drop to a
        // fallback to get the best guess which is always available.
  
        if (!style) {
          HWND hwnd = fl_xid(w);
          // request the style flags of this window, as Windows sees them
          style = GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_STYLE);
          styleEx = GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_EXSTYLE);
        }
  
        RECT r;
        r.left = w->x() * s;
        r.top = w->y() * s;
        r.right = (w->x() + w->w()) * s;
        r.bottom = (w->y() + w->h()) * s;
        // get the decoration rectangle for the desired client rectangle
  
        typedef BOOL(WINAPI* AdjustWindowRectExForDpi_type)(LPRECT, DWORD, BOOL, DWORD, UINT);
        static AdjustWindowRectExForDpi_type fl_AdjustWindowRectExForDpi =
          (AdjustWindowRectExForDpi_type)GetProcAddress(LoadLibrary("User32.DLL"), "AdjustWindowRectExForDpi");
        BOOL ok;
        if ( fl_AdjustWindowRectExForDpi) {
          Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver *sd = (Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver*)Fl::screen_driver();
          UINT dpi = sd->dpi[Fl_Window_Driver::driver(w)->screen_num()][0];
          ok = fl_AdjustWindowRectExForDpi(&r, style, FALSE, styleEx, dpi);
        } else
          ok = AdjustWindowRectEx(&r, style, FALSE, styleEx);
        if (ok) {
          X = r.left;
          Y = r.top;
          W = r.right - r.left;
          H = r.bottom - r.top;
          bx = w->x() * s - r.left;
          by = r.bottom - (w->y() + w->h()) * s; // height of the bottom frame
          bt = w->y() * s - r.top - by;          // height of top caption bar
          xoff = bx;
          yoff = by + bt;
          dx = W - w->w() * s;
          dy = H - w->h() * s;
          if (w_size_range_set && (w_maxw != w_minw || w_maxh != w_minh))
            ret = 2;
          else
            ret = 1;
          fallback = 0;
        }
      }
    }
    // This is the original (pre 1.1.7) routine to calculate window border sizes.
    if (fallback) {
      if (w->border() && !w->parent()) {
        if (w_size_range_set && (w_maxw != w_minw || w_maxh != w_minh)) {
          ret = 2;
          bx = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSIZEFRAME);
          by = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSIZEFRAME);
        } else {
          ret = 1;
          int padding = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXPADDEDBORDER);
          NONCLIENTMETRICS ncm;
          ncm.cbSize = sizeof(NONCLIENTMETRICS);
          SystemParametersInfo(SPI_GETNONCLIENTMETRICS, 0, &ncm, 0);
          bx = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXFIXEDFRAME) + (padding ? padding + ncm.iBorderWidth : 0);
          by = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYFIXEDFRAME) + (padding ? padding + ncm.iBorderWidth : 0);
        }
        bt = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYCAPTION);
      }
      // The coordinates of the whole window, including non-client area
      xoff = bx;
      yoff = by + bt;
      dx = 2 * bx;
      dy = 2 * by + bt;
      X = w->x() - xoff;
      Y = w->y() - yoff;
      W = w->w() + dx;
      H = w->h() + dy;
    }
  
    // Proceed to positioning the window fully inside the screen, if possible
    // Find screen that contains most of the window
    // FIXME: this ought to be the "work area" instead of the entire screen !
    int scr_x = 0, scr_y = 0, scr_w = 0, scr_h = 0;
    Fl::screen_xywh(scr_x, scr_y, scr_w, scr_h, X / s, Y / s, W / s, H / s);
    scr_x *= s;
    scr_y *= s;
    scr_w *= s;
    scr_h *= s;
    // Make border's lower right corner visible
    if (scr_x + scr_w < X + W)
      X = scr_x + scr_w - W;
    if (scr_y + scr_h < Y + H)
      Y = scr_y + scr_h - H;
    // Make border's upper left corner visible
    if (X < scr_x)
      X = scr_x;
    if (Y < scr_y)
      Y = scr_y;
    // Make client area's lower right corner visible
    if (scr_x + scr_w < X + dx + w->w())
      X = scr_x + scr_w - w->w() * s - dx;
    if (scr_y + scr_h < Y + dy + w->h())
      Y = scr_y + scr_h - w->h() * s - dy;
    // Make client area's upper left corner visible
    if (X + xoff < scr_x)
      X = scr_x - xoff;
    if (Y + yoff < scr_y)
      Y = scr_y - yoff;
    // Return the client area's top left corner in (X,Y)
    X += xoff;
    Y += yoff;
  
    if (w->fullscreen_active()) {
      bx = by = bt = 0;
    }
  
    return ret;
  }
  
  int Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::fake_X_wm(int &X, int &Y, int &bt, int &bx, int &by) {
    return fake_X_wm_style(pWindow, X, Y, bt, bx, by, 0, 0, maxw(), minw(), maxh(), minh(), size_range_set());
  }
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::resize(int X, int Y, int W, int H) {
  //fprintf(stderr, "resize w()=%d W=%d h()=%d H=%d\n",pWindow->w(), W,pWindow->h(), H);
    UINT flags = SWP_NOSENDCHANGING | SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOACTIVATE | SWP_NOOWNERZORDER;
    int is_a_resize = (W != w() || H != h() || Fl_Window::is_a_rescale());
    int resize_from_program = (pWindow != resize_bug_fix);
    if (!resize_from_program)
      resize_bug_fix = 0;
    if (X != x() || Y != y() || Fl_Window::is_a_rescale()) {
      force_position(1);
    } else {
      if (!is_a_resize)
        return;
      flags |= SWP_NOMOVE;
    }
    if (is_a_resize) {
      if (resize_from_program && shown()) {
        // don't obey "resize from program" when window is maximized
        WINDOWPLACEMENT wplace;
        wplace.length = sizeof(WINDOWPLACEMENT);
        BOOL ok = GetWindowPlacement(fl_xid(pWindow), &wplace);
        if (ok && wplace.showCmd == SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED) return;
      }
      pWindow->Fl_Group::resize(X, Y, W, H);
      if (visible_r()) {
        pWindow->redraw();
        // only wait for exposure if this window has a size - a window
        // with no width or height will never get an exposure event
        Fl_X *i = Fl_X::i(pWindow);
        if (i && W > 0 && H > 0)
          wait_for_expose_value = 1;
      }
    } else {
      x(X);
      y(Y);
      flags |= SWP_NOSIZE;
    }
    if (!border())
      flags |= SWP_NOACTIVATE;
    if (resize_from_program && shown()) {
      if (!pWindow->resizable())
        pWindow->size_range(w(), h(), w(), h());
      int dummy_x, dummy_y, bt, bx, by;
      // compute window position and size in scaled units
      float s = Fl::screen_driver()->scale(screen_num());
      int scaledX = int(X * s), scaledY = int(Y * s), scaledW = int(W * s), scaledH = int(H * s);
      // Ignore window managing when resizing, so that windows (and more
      // specifically menus) can be moved offscreen.
      if (fake_X_wm(dummy_x, dummy_y, bt, bx, by)) {
        scaledX -= bx;
        scaledY -= by + bt;
        scaledW += 2 * bx;
        scaledH += 2 * by + bt;
      }
      // avoid zero size windows. A zero sized window on Win32
      // will cause continouly  new redraw events.
      if (scaledW <= 0)
        scaledW = 1;
      if (scaledH <= 0)
        scaledH = 1;
      SetWindowPos(fl_xid(pWindow), 0, scaledX, scaledY, scaledW, scaledH, flags);
    }
  }
  
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  
  /*
   This silly little class remembers the name of all window classes
   we register to avoid double registration. It has the added bonus
   of freeing everything on application close as well.
   */
  class NameList {
  public:
    NameList() {
      name = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char **));
      NName = 1;
      nName = 0;
    }
    ~NameList() {
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < nName; i++)
        free(name[i]);
      if (name)
        free(name);
    }
    void add_name(const char *n) {
      if (NName == nName) {
        NName += 5;
        name = (char **)realloc(name, NName * sizeof(char *));
      }
      name[nName++] = strdup(n);
    }
    char has_name(const char *n) {
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < nName; i++) {
        if (strcmp(name[i], n) == 0)
          return 1;
      }
      return 0;
    }
  
  private:
    char **name;
    int nName, NName;
  };
  
  void fl_fix_focus(); // in Fl.cxx
  
  // int fl_background_pixel = -1; // color to use for background
  UINT fl_wake_msg = 0;
  int fl_disable_transient_for; // secret method of removing TRANSIENT_FOR
  
  Fl_X *Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::makeWindow() {
    Fl_Group::current(0); // get rid of very common user bug: forgot end()
  
    fl_open_display();
  
    // if the window is a subwindow and our parent is not mapped yet, we
    // mark this window visible, so that mapping the parent at a later
    // point in time will call this function again to finally map the subwindow.
    Fl_Window *w = pWindow;
    if (w->parent() && !Fl_X::i(w->window())) {
      w->set_visible();
      return 0L;
    }
  
    static NameList class_name_list;
    static const char *first_class_name = 0L;
    const char *class_name = w->xclass();
    if (!class_name)
      class_name = first_class_name; // reuse first class name used
    if (!class_name)
      class_name = "FLTK"; // default to create a "FLTK" WNDCLASS
    if (!first_class_name) {
      first_class_name = class_name;
    }
  
    wchar_t class_namew[100]; // (limited) buffer for Windows class name
  
    // convert UTF-8 class_name to wchar_t for RegisterClassExW and CreateWindowExW
  
    fl_utf8toUtf16(class_name,
                   (unsigned)strlen(class_name),                     // in
                   (unsigned short *)class_namew,                    // out
                   (unsigned)sizeof(class_namew) / sizeof(wchar_t)); // max. size
  
    if (!class_name_list.has_name(class_name)) {
      WNDCLASSEXW wcw;
      memset(&wcw, 0, sizeof(wcw));
      wcw.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEXW);
  
      // Documentation states a device context consumes about 800 bytes
      // of memory... so who cares? If 800 bytes per window is what it
      // takes to speed things up, I'm game.
      wcw.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC | CS_DBLCLKS;
      wcw.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;
      wcw.cbClsExtra = wcw.cbWndExtra = 0;
      wcw.hInstance = fl_display;
      if (!w->icon() && !icon_->count)
        w->icon((void *)LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION));
      wcw.hIcon = wcw.hIconSm = (HICON)w->icon();
      wcw.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
      wcw.hbrBackground = NULL;
      wcw.lpszMenuName = NULL;
      wcw.lpszClassName = class_namew;
      RegisterClassExW(&wcw);
      class_name_list.add_name(class_name);
    }
  
    const wchar_t *message_namew = L"FLTK::ThreadWakeup";
    if (!fl_wake_msg)
      fl_wake_msg = RegisterWindowMessageW(message_namew);
  
    HWND parent;
    DWORD style = WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS;
    DWORD styleEx = WS_EX_LEFT;
  
    // compute adequate screen where to put the window
    int nscreen = 0;
    if (w->parent()) {
      nscreen = Fl_Window_Driver::driver(w->top_window())->screen_num();
    } else if (Fl_Window_Driver::driver(w)->force_position() && Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::driver(w)->screen_num_ >= 0) {
      nscreen = Fl_Window_Driver::driver(w)->screen_num();
    } else {
      Fl_Window *hint = Fl::first_window();
      if (hint) {
        nscreen = Fl_Window_Driver::driver(hint->top_window())->screen_num();
      } else {
        int mx, my;
        nscreen = Fl::screen_driver()->get_mouse(mx, my);
      }
    }
    Fl_Window_Driver::driver(w)->screen_num(nscreen);
    float s = Fl::screen_driver()->scale(nscreen);
    int xp = w->x() * s; // these are in graphical units
    int yp = w->y() * s;
    int wp = w->w() * s;
    int hp = w->h() * s;
  
    int showit = 1;
  
    if (w->parent()) {
      style |= WS_CHILD;
      styleEx |= WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE | WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT;
      parent = fl_xid(w->window());
    } else {
      if (!size_range_set()) {
        if (w->resizable()) {
          Fl_Widget *o = w->resizable();
          int minw = o->w();
          if (minw > 100)
            minw = 100;
          int minh = o->h();
          if (minh > 100)
            minh = 100;
          w->size_range(w->w() - o->w() + minw, w->h() - o->h() + minh, 0, 0);
        } else {
          w->size_range(w->w(), w->h(), w->w(), w->h());
        }
      }
      styleEx |= WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE | WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT;
  
      int wintype = 0;
      if (w->border() && !w->parent()) {
        if (size_range_set() && (maxw() != minw() || maxh() != minh()))
          wintype = 2;
        else
          wintype = 1;
      }
  
      switch (wintype) {
        // No border (used for menus)
        case 0:
          style |= WS_POPUP;
          styleEx |= WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW;
          break;
  
        // Thin border and title bar
        case 1:
          style |= WS_DLGFRAME | WS_CAPTION;
          if (!w->modal())
            style |= WS_SYSMENU | WS_MINIMIZEBOX;
          break;
  
        // Thick, resizable border and title bar, with maximize button
        case 2:
          style |= WS_THICKFRAME | WS_SYSMENU | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX | WS_CAPTION;
          if (!w->modal())
            style |= WS_MINIMIZEBOX;
          break;
      }
  
      int xwm = xp, ywm = yp, bt, bx, by; // these are in graphical units
      fake_X_wm_style(w, xwm, ywm, bt, bx, by, style, styleEx, maxw(), minw(), maxh(), minh(), size_range_set());
      if (by + bt) {
        wp += 2 * bx;
        hp += 2 * by + bt;
      }
      if (!force_position()) {
        xp = yp = CW_USEDEFAULT;
      } else {
        if (!Fl::grab()) {
          xp = xwm;
          yp = ywm;
          x(xp / s);
          y(yp / s);
        }
        xp -= bx;
        yp -= by + bt;
      }
  
      parent = 0;
      if (w->non_modal() && Fl_X::first && !fl_disable_transient_for) {
        // find some other window to be "transient for":
        Fl_Window *w = Fl_X::first->w;
        while (w->parent())
          w = w->window();
        parent = fl_xid(w);
        if (!w->visible())
          showit = 0;
      } else if (Fl::grab())
        parent = fl_xid(Fl::grab());
    }
  
    Fl_X *x = new Fl_X;
    other_xid = 0;
    x->w = w;
    i(x);
    x->region = 0;
    Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::driver(w)->private_dc = 0;
    cursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    custom_cursor = 0;
    if (!fl_codepage)
      fl_get_codepage();
  
    WCHAR *lab = NULL;
    if (w->label()) {
      size_t l = strlen(w->label());
      unsigned wlen = fl_utf8toUtf16(w->label(), (unsigned)l, NULL, 0); // Pass NULL to query length
      wlen++;
      lab = (WCHAR *)malloc(sizeof(WCHAR) * wlen);
      wlen = fl_utf8toUtf16(w->label(), (unsigned)l, (unsigned short *)lab, wlen);
      lab[wlen] = 0;
    }
    x->xid = CreateWindowExW(styleEx,
                             class_namew, lab, style,
                             xp, yp, wp, hp,
                             parent,
                             NULL, // menu
                             fl_display,
                             NULL // creation parameters
                            );
    if (lab)
      free(lab);
  
    x->next = Fl_X::first;
    Fl_X::first = x;
  
    set_icons();
  
    if (w->fullscreen_active()) {
      /* We need to make sure that the fullscreen is created on the
         default monitor, ie the desktop where the shortcut is located
         etc. This requires that CreateWindow is called with CW_USEDEFAULT
         for x and y. We can then use GetWindowRect to determine which
         monitor the window was placed on. */
      RECT rect;
      GetWindowRect(x->xid, &rect);
      make_fullscreen(rect.left, rect.top, rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top);
    }
  
    // Setup clipboard monitor target if there are registered handlers and
    // no window is targeted.
    if (!fl_clipboard_notify_empty() && clipboard_wnd == NULL)
      fl_clipboard_notify_target(x->xid);
  
    wait_for_expose_value = 1;
    if (show_iconic()) {
      showit = 0;
      show_iconic(0);
    }
    if (showit) {
      w->set_visible();
      int old_event = Fl::e_number;
      w->handle(Fl::e_number = FL_SHOW); // get child windows to appear
      Fl::e_number = old_event;
      w->redraw(); // force draw to happen
    }
  
    // Needs to be done before ShowWindow() to get the correct behaviour
    // when we get WM_SETFOCUS.
    if (w->modal()) {
      Fl::modal_ = w;
      fl_fix_focus();
    }
  
    // If we've captured the mouse, we dont want to activate any
    // other windows from the code, or we lose the capture.
    ShowWindow(x->xid, !showit ? SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE :
               (Fl::grab() || (styleEx & WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW)) ? SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE : SW_SHOWNORMAL);
  
    // Register all windows for potential drag'n'drop operations
    RegisterDragDrop(x->xid, flIDropTarget);
  
    if (!im_enabled)
      flImmAssociateContextEx(x->xid, 0, 0);
  
    return x;
  }
  
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  
  HINSTANCE fl_display = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::set_minmax(LPMINMAXINFO minmax) {
    int td, wd, hd, dummy_x, dummy_y;
  
    fake_X_wm(dummy_x, dummy_y, td, wd, hd);
    wd *= 2;
    hd *= 2;
    hd += td;
  
    float s = Fl::screen_driver()->scale(screen_num());
    minmax->ptMinTrackSize.x = s * minw() + wd;
    minmax->ptMinTrackSize.y = s * minh() + hd;
    if (maxw()) {
      minmax->ptMaxTrackSize.x = s * maxw() + wd;
      minmax->ptMaxSize.x = s * maxw() + wd;
    }
    if (maxh()) {
      minmax->ptMaxTrackSize.y = s * maxh() + hd;
      minmax->ptMaxSize.y = s * maxh() + hd;
    }
  }
  
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  
  // returns pointer to the filename, or null if name ends with '/'
  const char *Fl_WinAPI_System_Driver::filename_name(const char *name) {
    const char *p, *q;
    if (!name)
      return (0);
    q = name;
    if (q[0] && q[1] == ':')
      q += 2; // skip leading drive letter
    for (p = q; *p; p++) {
      if (*p == '/' || *p == '\\')
        q = p + 1;
    }
    return q;
  }
  
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  
  static HICON image_to_icon(const Fl_RGB_Image *image, bool is_icon, int hotx, int hoty) {
    BITMAPV5HEADER bi;
    HBITMAP bitmap, mask;
    DWORD *bits;
    HICON icon;
  
    if (!is_icon) {
      if ((hotx < 0) || (hotx >= image->w()))
        return NULL;
      if ((hoty < 0) || (hoty >= image->h()))
        return NULL;
    }
  
    memset(&bi, 0, sizeof(BITMAPV5HEADER));
  
    bi.bV5Size        = sizeof(BITMAPV5HEADER);
    bi.bV5Width       = image->w();
    bi.bV5Height      = -image->h(); // Negative for top-down
    bi.bV5Planes      = 1;
    bi.bV5BitCount    = 32;
    bi.bV5Compression = BI_BITFIELDS;
    bi.bV5RedMask     = 0x00FF0000;
    bi.bV5GreenMask   = 0x0000FF00;
    bi.bV5BlueMask    = 0x000000FF;
    bi.bV5AlphaMask   = 0xFF000000;
  
    HDC hdc;
  
    hdc = GetDC(NULL);
    bitmap = CreateDIBSection(hdc, (BITMAPINFO *)&bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, (void **)&bits, NULL, 0);
    ReleaseDC(NULL, hdc);
  
    if (bits == NULL)
      return NULL;
  
    const uchar *i = (const uchar *)*image->data();
    const int extra_data = image->ld() ? (image->ld() - image->w() * image->d()) : 0;
  
    for (int y = 0; y < image->h(); y++) {
      for (int x = 0; x < image->w(); x++) {
        switch (image->d()) {
          case 1:
            *bits = (0xff << 24) | (i[0] << 16) | (i[0] << 8) | i[0];
            break;
          case 2:
            *bits = (i[1] << 24) | (i[0] << 16) | (i[0] << 8) | i[0];
            break;
          case 3:
            *bits = (0xff << 24) | (i[0] << 16) | (i[1] << 8) | i[2];
            break;
          case 4:
            *bits = (i[3] << 24) | (i[0] << 16) | (i[1] << 8) | i[2];
            break;
        }
        i += image->d();
        bits++;
      }
      i += extra_data;
    }
  
    // A mask bitmap is still needed even though it isn't used
    mask = CreateBitmap(image->w(), image->h(), 1, 1, NULL);
    if (mask == NULL) {
      DeleteObject(bitmap);
      return NULL;
    }
  
    ICONINFO ii;
  
    ii.fIcon    = is_icon;
    ii.xHotspot = hotx;
    ii.yHotspot = hoty;
    ii.hbmMask  = mask;
    ii.hbmColor = bitmap;
  
    icon = CreateIconIndirect(&ii);
  
    DeleteObject(bitmap);
    DeleteObject(mask);
  
    return icon;
  }
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  
  static HICON default_big_icon = NULL;
  static HICON default_small_icon = NULL;
  
  static const Fl_RGB_Image *find_best_icon(int ideal_width, const Fl_RGB_Image *icons[], int count) {
    const Fl_RGB_Image *best;
  
    best = NULL;
  
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
      if (best == NULL)
        best = icons[i];
      else {
        if (best->w() < ideal_width) {
          if (icons[i]->w() > best->w())
            best = icons[i];
        } else {
          if ((icons[i]->w() >= ideal_width) && (icons[i]->w() < best->w()))
            best = icons[i];
        }
      }
    }
  
    return best;
  }
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver::default_icons(const Fl_RGB_Image *icons[], int count) {
    const Fl_RGB_Image *best_big, *best_small;
  
    if (default_big_icon != NULL)
      DestroyIcon(default_big_icon);
    if (default_small_icon != NULL)
      DestroyIcon(default_small_icon);
  
    default_big_icon = NULL;
    default_small_icon = NULL;
  
    best_big = find_best_icon(GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON), icons, count);
    best_small = find_best_icon(GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSMICON), icons, count);
  
    if (best_big != NULL)
      default_big_icon = image_to_icon(best_big, true, 0, 0);
  
    if (best_small != NULL)
      default_small_icon = image_to_icon(best_small, true, 0, 0);
  }
  
  /** Sets the window icons using Windows' native HICON icon handles.
  
   The given icons are copied. You can free the icons immediately after
   this call.
  
   \param[in] big_icon large window icon
   \param[in] small_icon  small window icon
   */
  void Fl_Window::icons(HICON big_icon, HICON small_icon) {
    free_icons();
    if (big_icon != NULL)
      Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::driver(this)->icon_->big_icon = CopyIcon(big_icon);
    if (small_icon != NULL)
      Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::driver(this)->icon_->small_icon = CopyIcon(small_icon);
    if (Fl_X::i(this))
      Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::driver(this)->set_icons();
  }
  
  /** Sets the default window icons.
  
   Convenience function to set the default icons using Windows'
   native HICON icon handles.
  
   The given icons are copied. You can free the icons immediately after
   this call.
  
   \param[in] big_icon default large icon for all windows
   subsequently created
   \param[in] small_icon default small icon for all windows
   subsequently created
  
   \see Fl_Window::default_icon(const Fl_RGB_Image *)
   \see Fl_Window::default_icons(const Fl_RGB_Image *[], int)
   \see Fl_Window::icon(const Fl_RGB_Image *)
   \see Fl_Window::icons(const Fl_RGB_Image *[], int)
   \see Fl_Window::icons(HICON, HICON)
   */
  void Fl_Window::default_icons(HICON big_icon, HICON small_icon) {
    if (default_big_icon != NULL)
      DestroyIcon(default_big_icon);
    if (default_small_icon != NULL)
      DestroyIcon(default_small_icon);
  
    default_big_icon = NULL;
    default_small_icon = NULL;
  
    if (big_icon != NULL)
      default_big_icon = CopyIcon(big_icon);
    if (small_icon != NULL)
      default_small_icon = CopyIcon(small_icon);
  }
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::set_icons() {
    HICON big_icon, small_icon;
  
    // Windows doesn't copy the icons, so we have to "leak" them when
    // setting, and clean up when we change to some other icons.
    big_icon = (HICON)SendMessage(fl_xid(pWindow), WM_GETICON, ICON_BIG, 0);
    if ((big_icon != NULL) && (big_icon != default_big_icon))
      DestroyIcon(big_icon);
    small_icon = (HICON)SendMessage(fl_xid(pWindow), WM_GETICON, ICON_SMALL, 0);
    if ((small_icon != NULL) && (small_icon != default_small_icon))
      DestroyIcon(small_icon);
  
    big_icon = NULL;
    small_icon = NULL;
  
    if (icon_->count) {
      const Fl_RGB_Image *best_big, *best_small;
  
      best_big = find_best_icon(GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON),
                                (const Fl_RGB_Image **)icon_->icons,
                                icon_->count);
      best_small = find_best_icon(GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSMICON),
                                  (const Fl_RGB_Image **)icon_->icons,
                                  icon_->count);
  
      if (best_big != NULL)
        big_icon = image_to_icon(best_big, true, 0, 0);
      if (best_small != NULL)
        small_icon = image_to_icon(best_small, true, 0, 0);
    } else {
      if ((icon_->big_icon != NULL) || (icon_->small_icon != NULL)) {
        big_icon = icon_->big_icon;
        small_icon = icon_->small_icon;
      } else {
        big_icon = default_big_icon;
        small_icon = default_small_icon;
      }
    }
  
    SendMessage(fl_xid(pWindow), WM_SETICON, ICON_BIG, (LPARAM)big_icon);
    SendMessage(fl_xid(pWindow), WM_SETICON, ICON_SMALL, (LPARAM)small_icon);
  }
  
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  
  #ifndef IDC_HAND
  #define IDC_HAND MAKEINTRESOURCE(32649)
  #endif // !IDC_HAND
  
  int Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::set_cursor(Fl_Cursor c) {
    LPSTR n;
    HCURSOR new_cursor;
  
    if (c == FL_CURSOR_NONE)
      new_cursor = NULL;
    else {
      switch (c) {
        case FL_CURSOR_ARROW:
          n = IDC_ARROW;
          break;
        case FL_CURSOR_CROSS:
          n = IDC_CROSS;
          break;
        case FL_CURSOR_WAIT:
          n = IDC_WAIT;
          break;
        case FL_CURSOR_INSERT:
          n = IDC_IBEAM;
          break;
        case FL_CURSOR_HAND:
          n = IDC_HAND;
          break;
        case FL_CURSOR_HELP:
          n = IDC_HELP;
          break;
        case FL_CURSOR_MOVE:
          n = IDC_SIZEALL;
          break;
        case FL_CURSOR_N:
        case FL_CURSOR_S:
        // FIXME: Should probably have fallbacks for these instead
        case FL_CURSOR_NS:
          n = IDC_SIZENS;
          break;
        case FL_CURSOR_NE:
        case FL_CURSOR_SW:
        // FIXME: Dito.
        case FL_CURSOR_NESW:
          n = IDC_SIZENESW;
          break;
        case FL_CURSOR_E:
        case FL_CURSOR_W:
        // FIXME: Dito.
        case FL_CURSOR_WE:
          n = IDC_SIZEWE;
          break;
        case FL_CURSOR_SE:
        case FL_CURSOR_NW:
        // FIXME: Dito.
        case FL_CURSOR_NWSE:
          n = IDC_SIZENWSE;
          break;
        default:
          return 0;
      }
  
      new_cursor = LoadCursor(NULL, n);
      if (new_cursor == NULL)
        return 0;
    }
  
    if ((cursor != NULL) && custom_cursor)
      DestroyIcon(cursor);
  
    cursor = new_cursor;
    custom_cursor = 0;
  
    SetCursor(cursor);
  
    return 1;
  }
  
  int Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::set_cursor(const Fl_RGB_Image *image, int hotx, int hoty) {
    HCURSOR new_cursor;
  
    new_cursor = image_to_icon(image, false, hotx, hoty);
    if (new_cursor == NULL)
      return 0;
  
    if ((cursor != NULL) && custom_cursor)
      DestroyIcon(cursor);
  
    cursor = new_cursor;
    custom_cursor = 1;
  
    SetCursor(cursor);
  
    return 1;
  }
  
  
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Implement the virtual functions for the base Fl_Window class:
  
  // If the box is a filled rectangle, we can make the redisplay *look*
  // faster by using X's background pixel erasing.  We can make it
  // actually *be* faster by drawing the frame only, this is done by
  // setting fl_boxcheat, which is seen by code in fl_drawbox.cxx:
  // For Windows it looks like all windows share a background color, so
  // I use FL_GRAY for this and only do this cheat for windows that are
  // that color.
  // Actually it is totally disabled.
  // Fl_Widget *fl_boxcheat;
  // static inline int can_boxcheat(uchar b) {return (b == 1 || (b & 2) && b <= 15);}
  
  void Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::show() {
    if (!shown()) {
      // if (can_boxcheat(box())) fl_background_pixel = fl_xpixel(color());
      makeWindow();
    } else {
      // Once again, we would lose the capture if we activated the window.
      Fl_X *i = Fl_X::i(pWindow);
      if (IsIconic(i->xid))
        OpenIcon(i->xid);
      if (!fl_capture)
        BringWindowToTop(i->xid);
      // ShowWindow(i->xid,fl_capture?SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE:SW_RESTORE);
    }
  #ifdef USE_PRINT_BUTTON
    void preparePrintFront(void);
    preparePrintFront();
  #endif
  }
  
  // the current context
  // the current window handle, initially set to -1 so we can correctly
  // allocate fl_GetDC(0)
  HWND fl_window = NULL;
  
  // Here we ensure only one GetDC is ever in place.
  HDC fl_GetDC(HWND w) {
    HDC gc = (HDC)Fl_Graphics_Driver::default_driver().gc();
    if (gc) {
      if (w == fl_window && fl_window != NULL)
        return gc;
      if (fl_window)
        fl_release_dc(fl_window, gc); // ReleaseDC
    }
    gc = GetDC(w);
    Fl_Graphics_Driver::default_driver().gc(gc);
    fl_save_dc(w, gc);
    fl_window = w;
    // calling GetDC seems to always reset these: (?)
    SetTextAlign(gc, TA_BASELINE | TA_LEFT);
    SetBkMode(gc, TRANSPARENT);
  
    return gc;
  }
  
  
  /* Make sure that all allocated fonts are released. This works only if
     Fl::run() is allowed to exit by closing all windows. Calling 'exit(int)'
     will not automatically free any fonts. */
  void fl_free_fonts(void) {
    // remove the Fl_Font_Descriptor chains
    int i;
    Fl_Fontdesc *s;
    Fl_Font_Descriptor *f;
    Fl_Font_Descriptor *ff;
    for (i = 0; i < FL_FREE_FONT; i++) {
      s = fl_fonts + i;
      for (f = s->first; f; f = ff) {
        ff = f->next;
        delete f;
        s->first = ff;
      }
    }
  }
  
  
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  //
  //  The following routines help fix a problem with the leaking of Windows
  //  Device Context (DC) objects. The 'proper' protocol is for a program to
  //  acquire a DC, save its state, do the modifications needed for drawing,
  //  perform the drawing, restore the initial state, and release the DC. In
  //  FLTK, the save and restore steps have previously been omitted and DCs are
  //  not properly released, leading to a great number of DC leaks. As some
  //  Windows "OSs" will hang when any process exceeds roughly 10,000 GDI objects,
  //  it is important to control GDI leaks, which are much more important than memory
  //  leaks. The following struct, global variable, and routines help implement
  //  the above protocol for those cases where the GetDC and RestoreDC are not in
  //  the same routine. For each GetDC, fl_save_dc is used to create an entry in
  //  a linked list that saves the window handle, the DC handle, and the initial
  //  state. When the DC is to be released, 'fl_release_dc' is called. It restores
  //  the initial state and releases the DC. When the program exits, 'fl_cleanup_dc_list'
  //  frees any remaining nodes in the list.
  
  struct Win_DC_List { // linked list
    HWND window;       // window handle
    HDC dc;            // device context handle
    int saved_dc;      // initial state of DC
    Win_DC_List *next; // pointer to next item
  };
  
  static Win_DC_List *win_DC_list = 0;
  
  void fl_save_dc(HWND w, HDC dc) {
    Win_DC_List *t;
    t = new Win_DC_List;
    t->window = w;
    t->dc = dc;
    t->saved_dc = SaveDC(dc);
    if (win_DC_list)
      t->next = win_DC_list;
    else
      t->next = NULL;
    win_DC_list = t;
  }
  
  void fl_release_dc(HWND w, HDC dc) {
    Win_DC_List *t = win_DC_list;
    Win_DC_List *prev = 0;
    if (!t)
      return;
    do {
      if (t->dc == dc) {
        RestoreDC(dc, t->saved_dc);
        ReleaseDC(w, dc);
        if (!prev) {
          win_DC_list = t->next; // delete first item
        } else {
          prev->next = t->next; // one in the middle
        }
        delete (t);
        return;
      }
      prev = t;
      t = t->next;
    } while (t);
  }
  
  void fl_cleanup_dc_list(void) { // clean up the list
    Win_DC_List *t = win_DC_list;
    if (!t)
      return;
    do {
      RestoreDC(t->dc, t->saved_dc);
      ReleaseDC(t->window, t->dc);
      win_DC_list = t->next;
      delete (t);
      t = win_DC_list;
    } while (t);
  }
  
  /* Returns images of the captures of the window title-bar, and the left, bottom and right window borders.
   This function exploits a feature of Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver::read_win_rectangle() which,
   when fl_gc is set to the screen device context, captures the window decoration.
   */
  void Fl_WinAPI_Window_Driver::capture_titlebar_and_borders(Fl_RGB_Image *&top, Fl_RGB_Image *&left,
                                                             Fl_RGB_Image *&bottom, Fl_RGB_Image *&right) {
    top = left = bottom = right = NULL;
    if (!shown() || parent() || !border() || !visible())
      return;
    int wsides, hbottom, bt;
    float scaling = Fl::screen_driver()->scale(screen_num());
    RECT r = border_width_title_bar_height(wsides, hbottom, bt);
    int htop = bt + hbottom;
    Fl_Surface_Device::push_current(Fl_Display_Device::display_device());
    pWindow->show();
    while (Fl::ready())
      Fl::check();
    HDC save_gc = (HDC)fl_graphics_driver->gc();
    fl_graphics_driver->gc(GetDC(NULL));
    int ww = w() * scaling + 2 * wsides;
    wsides /= scaling;
    if (wsides < 1)
      wsides = 1;
    ww /= scaling;
    if (wsides <= 1)
      ww = w() + 2 * wsides;
    // capture the 4 window sides from screen
    int offset = r.left < 0 ? -r.left : 0;
    Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver *dr = (Fl_WinAPI_Screen_Driver *)Fl::screen_driver();
    if (htop && r.right - r.left > offset) {
      top = dr->read_win_rectangle_unscaled(r.left+offset, r.top, r.right - r.left-offset, htop, 0);
      if (scaling != 1 && top)
        top->scale(ww, htop / scaling, 0, 1);
    }
    if (wsides) {
      left = dr->read_win_rectangle_unscaled(r.left + offset, r.top + htop, wsides, h() * scaling, 0);
      right = dr->read_win_rectangle_unscaled(r.right - wsides, r.top + htop, wsides, h() * scaling, 0);
      bottom = dr->read_win_rectangle_unscaled(r.left+offset, r.bottom - hbottom, ww, hbottom, 0);
      if (scaling != 1) {
        if (left) left->scale(wsides, h(), 0, 1);
        if (right) right->scale(wsides, h(), 0, 1);
        if (bottom) bottom->scale(ww, hbottom, 0, 1);
      }
    }
    ReleaseDC(NULL, (HDC)fl_graphics_driver->gc());
    fl_graphics_driver->gc(save_gc);
    Fl_Surface_Device::pop_current();
  }
  
  
  #ifdef USE_PRINT_BUTTON
  // to test the Fl_Printer class creating a "Print front window" button in a separate window
  // contains also preparePrintFront call above
  #include <FL/Fl_Printer.H>
  #include <FL/Fl_Button.H>
  void printFront(Fl_Widget *o, void *data) {
    Fl_Printer printer;
    o->window()->hide();
    Fl_Window *win = Fl::first_window();
    if (!win)
      return;
    int w, h;
    if (printer.begin_job(1)) {
      o->window()->show();
      return;
    }
    if (printer.begin_page()) {
      o->window()->show();
      return;
    }
    printer.printable_rect(&w, &h);
    int wh, ww;
    wh = win->decorated_h();
    ww = win->decorated_w();
    // scale the printer device so that the window fits on the page
    float scale = 1;
    if (ww > w || wh > h) {
      scale = (float)w / ww;
      if ((float)h / wh < scale)
        scale = (float)h / wh;
      printer.scale(scale, scale);
    }
  // #define ROTATE 20.0
  #ifdef ROTATE
    printer.scale(scale * 0.8, scale * 0.8);
    printer.printable_rect(&w, &h);
    printer.origin(w / 2, h / 2);
    printer.rotate(ROTATE);
    printer.print_widget(win, -win->w() / 2, -win->h() / 2);
    // printer.print_window_part(win, 0, 0, win->w(), win->h(), -win->w() / 2, -win->h() / 2);
  #else
    printer.print_window(win);
  #endif
    printer.end_page();
    printer.end_job();
    o->window()->show();
  }
  
  #include <FL/Fl_Copy_Surface.H>
  void copyFront(Fl_Widget *o, void *data) {
    o->window()->hide();
    Fl_Window *win = Fl::first_window();
    if (!win)
      return;
    Fl_Copy_Surface *surf = new Fl_Copy_Surface(win->decorated_w(), win->decorated_h());
    surf->set_current();
    surf->draw_decorated_window(win); // draw the window content
    delete surf;                      // put the window on the clipboard
    Fl_Display_Device::display_device()->set_current();
    o->window()->show();
  }
  
  void preparePrintFront(void) {
    static BOOL first = TRUE;
    if (!first)
      return;
    first = FALSE;
    static Fl_Window w(0, 0, 120, 60);
    static Fl_Button bp(0, 0, w.w(), 30, "Print front window");
    bp.callback(printFront);
    static Fl_Button bc(0, 30, w.w(), 30, "Copy front window");
    bc.callback(copyFront);
    w.end();
    w.show();
  }
  #endif // USE_PRINT_BUTTON
  
  #endif // defined(_WIN32) and !defined(FL_DOXYGEN)
  