text: /**
   * FreeRDP: A Remote Desktop Protocol Implementation
   * Smartcard API test program
   *
   * This simple program can be used to trigger calls for (almost) the
   * entire SCARD API.
   * Compile on windows, connect with FreeRDP via RDP with smartcard
   * redirection enabled and run this test program on the windows
   * machine.
   *
   * Copyright 2020 Armin Novak <armin.novak@thincast.com>
   * Copyright 2020 Thincast Technologies GmbH
   *
   * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   * You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  #include <iostream>
  #include <string>
  #include <sstream>
  #include <locale>
  #include <codecvt>
  
  #include <comdef.h>
  #include <winscard.h>
  
  static const WCHAR* listW[] = { nullptr, L"SCard$AllReaders\000", L"SCard$DefaultReaders\000",
  	                            L"SCard$LocalReaders\000", L"SCard$SystemReaders\000" };
  static const char* listA[] = { nullptr, "SCard$AllReaders\000", "SCard$DefaultReaders\000",
  	                           "SCard$LocalReaders\000", "SCard$SystemReaders\000" };
  
  static std::string scope2str(DWORD scope)
  {
  	switch (scope)
  	{
  		case SCARD_SCOPE_USER:
  			return "SCARD_SCOPE_USER";
  		case SCARD_SCOPE_TERMINAL:
  			return "SCARD_SCOPE_TERMINAL";
  		case SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM:
  			return "SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM";
  		default:
  			return "UNKNOWN";
  	}
  }
  
  static std::string err2str(LONG code)
  {
  	switch (code)
  	{
  		case ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE:
  			return "ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE";
  		case SCARD_E_BAD_SEEK:
  			return "SCARD_E_BAD_SEEK";
  		case SCARD_E_CANCELLED:
  			return "SCARD_E_CANCELLED";
  		case SCARD_E_CANT_DISPOSE:
  			return "SCARD_E_CANT_DISPOSE";
  		case SCARD_E_CARD_UNSUPPORTED:
  			return "SCARD_E_CARD_UNSUPPORTED";
  		case SCARD_E_CERTIFICATE_UNAVAILABLE:
  			return "SCARD_E_CERTIFICATE_UNAVAILABLE";
  		case SCARD_E_COMM_DATA_LOST:
  			return "SCARD_E_COMM_DATA_LOST";
  		case SCARD_E_DIR_NOT_FOUND:
  			return "SCARD_E_DIR_NOT_FOUND";
  		case SCARD_E_DUPLICATE_READER:
  			return "SCARD_E_DUPLICATE_READER";
  		case SCARD_E_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
  			return "SCARD_E_FILE_NOT_FOUND";
  		case SCARD_E_ICC_CREATEORDER:
  			return "SCARD_E_ICC_CREATEORDER";
  		case SCARD_E_ICC_INSTALLATION:
  			return "SCARD_E_ICC_INSTALLATION";
  		case SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER:
  			return "SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER";
  		case SCARD_E_INVALID_ATR:
  			return "SCARD_E_INVALID_ATR";
  		case SCARD_E_INVALID_CHV:
  			return "SCARD_E_INVALID_CHV";
  		case SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE:
  			return "SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE";
  		case SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER:
  			return "SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER";
  		case SCARD_E_INVALID_TARGET:
  			return "SCARD_E_INVALID_TARGET";
  		case SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE:
  			return "SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE";
  		case SCARD_E_NO_ACCESS:
  			return "SCARD_E_NO_ACCESS";
  		case SCARD_E_NO_DIR:
  			return "SCARD_E_NO_DIR";
  		case SCARD_E_NO_FILE:
  			return "SCARD_E_NO_FILE";
  		case SCARD_E_NO_KEY_CONTAINER:
  			return "SCARD_E_NO_KEY_CONTAINER";
  		case SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY:
  			return "SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY";
  		case SCARD_E_NO_PIN_CACHE:
  			return "SCARD_E_NO_PIN_CACHE";
  		case SCARD_E_NO_READERS_AVAILABLE:
  			return "SCARD_E_NO_READERS_AVAILABLE";
  		case SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE:
  			return "SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE";
  		case SCARD_E_NO_SMARTCARD:
  			return "SCARD_E_NO_SMARTCARD";
  		case SCARD_E_NO_SUCH_CERTIFICATE:
  			return "SCARD_E_NO_SUCH_CERTIFICATE";
  		case SCARD_E_NOT_READY:
  			return "SCARD_E_NOT_READY";
  		case SCARD_E_NOT_TRANSACTED:
  			return "SCARD_E_NOT_TRANSACTED";
  		case SCARD_E_PCI_TOO_SMALL:
  			return "SCARD_E_PCI_TOO_SMALL";
  		case SCARD_E_PIN_CACHE_EXPIRED:
  			return "SCARD_E_PIN_CACHE_EXPIRED";
  		case SCARD_E_PROTO_MISMATCH:
  			return "SCARD_E_PROTO_MISMATCH";
  		case SCARD_E_READ_ONLY_CARD:
  			return "SCARD_E_READ_ONLY_CARD";
  		case SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE:
  			return "SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE";
  		case SCARD_E_READER_UNSUPPORTED:
  			return "SCARD_E_READER_UNSUPPORTED";
  		case SCARD_E_SERVER_TOO_BUSY:
  			return "SCARD_E_SERVER_TOO_BUSY";
  		case SCARD_E_SERVICE_STOPPED:
  			return "SCARD_E_SERVICE_STOPPED";
  		case SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION:
  			return "SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION";
  		case SCARD_E_SYSTEM_CANCELLED:
  			return "SCARD_E_SYSTEM_CANCELLED";
  		case SCARD_E_TIMEOUT:
  			return "SCARD_E_TIMEOUT";
  		case SCARD_E_UNEXPECTED:
  			return "SCARD_E_UNEXPECTED";
  		case SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_CARD:
  			return "SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_CARD";
  		case SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_READER:
  			return "SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_READER";
  		case SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_RES_MNG:
  			return "SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_RES_MNG";
  		case SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE:
  			return "SCARD_E_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE";
  		case SCARD_E_WRITE_TOO_MANY:
  			return "SCARD_E_WRITE_TOO_MANY";
  		case SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR:
  			return "SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR";
  		case SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR:
  			return "SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR";
  		case SCARD_F_UNKNOWN_ERROR:
  			return "SCARD_F_UNKNOWN_ERROR";
  		case SCARD_F_WAITED_TOO_LONG:
  			return "SCARD_F_WAITED_TOO_LONG";
  		case SCARD_P_SHUTDOWN:
  			return "SCARD_P_SHUTDOWN";
  		case SCARD_S_SUCCESS:
  			return "SCARD_S_SUCCESS";
  		case SCARD_W_CANCELLED_BY_USER:
  			return "SCARD_W_CANCELLED_BY_USER";
  		case SCARD_W_CACHE_ITEM_NOT_FOUND:
  			return "SCARD_W_CACHE_ITEM_NOT_FOUND";
  		case SCARD_W_CACHE_ITEM_STALE:
  			return "SCARD_W_CACHE_ITEM_STALE";
  		case SCARD_W_CACHE_ITEM_TOO_BIG:
  			return "SCARD_W_CACHE_ITEM_TOO_BIG";
  		case SCARD_W_CARD_NOT_AUTHENTICATED:
  			return "SCARD_W_CARD_NOT_AUTHENTICATED";
  		case SCARD_W_CHV_BLOCKED:
  			return "SCARD_W_CHV_BLOCKED";
  		case SCARD_W_EOF:
  			return "SCARD_W_EOF";
  		case SCARD_W_REMOVED_CARD:
  			return "SCARD_W_REMOVED_CARD";
  		case SCARD_W_RESET_CARD:
  			return "SCARD_W_RESET_CARD";
  		case SCARD_W_SECURITY_VIOLATION:
  			return "SCARD_W_SECURITY_VIOLATION";
  		case SCARD_W_UNPOWERED_CARD:
  			return "SCARD_W_UNPOWERED_CARD";
  		case SCARD_W_UNRESPONSIVE_CARD:
  			return "SCARD_W_UNRESPONSIVE_CARD";
  		case SCARD_W_UNSUPPORTED_CARD:
  			return "SCARD_W_UNSUPPORTED_CARD";
  		case SCARD_W_WRONG_CHV:
  			return "SCARD_W_WRONG_CHV";
  		default:
  			return "UNKNOWN";
  	}
  }
  
  static std::wstring err2wstr(LONG code)
  {
  	auto str = err2str(code);
  	std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>> converter;
  	return converter.from_bytes(str);
  }
  
  #if 0
  static bool test_listreadergroups(SCARDCONTEXT hContext) {
      auto rc = SCardListReaderGroupsA(hContext, &groups, &foobar);
      rc = SCardListReaderGroupsW(hContext, &groups, &foobar);
  }
  #endif
  
  static bool test_valid(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	auto rc = SCardIsValidContext(context);
  	if (rc)
  		std::cerr << "SCardIsValidContext failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_list_readers_a(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	for (auto cur : listA)
  	{
  		LPSTR mszReaders = nullptr;
  		DWORD chReaders = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
  		auto rc = SCardListReadersA(context, cur, reinterpret_cast<LPSTR>(&mszReaders), &chReaders);
  		if (!cur)
  		{
  			cur = "NULL";
  		}
  		if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  		{
  			std::cerr << "SCardListReadersA [" << cur << "] failed with " << err2str(rc)
  			          << std::endl;
  		}
  		else
  		{
  			auto start = mszReaders;
  			auto end = &mszReaders[chReaders];
  
  			std::cout << "SCardListReadersA [" << cur << "] " << chReaders << " [";
  			while (start < end)
  			{
  				std::cout << start << ", ";
  				start += strnlen(start, chReaders) + 2;
  			}
  			std::cout << "]" << std::endl;
  		}
  		SCardFreeMemory(context, mszReaders);
  	}
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_list_readers_w(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	for (auto cur : listW)
  	{
  		LPWSTR mszReaders = nullptr;
  		DWORD chReaders = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
  		auto rc =
  		    SCardListReadersW(context, cur, reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(&mszReaders), &chReaders);
  		if (!cur)
  		{
  			cur = L"NULL";
  		}
  		if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  		{
  			std::wcerr << L"SCardListReadersW [" << cur << L"] failed with " << err2wstr(rc)
  			           << std::endl;
  		}
  		else
  		{
  			auto start = mszReaders;
  			auto end = &mszReaders[chReaders];
  
  			std::wcout << L"SCardListReadersW [" << cur << L"] " << chReaders << L" [";
  			while (start < end)
  			{
  				std::wcout << start << L", ";
  				start += wcsnlen(start, chReaders) + 2;
  			}
  			std::wcout << L"]" << std::endl;
  		}
  		SCardFreeMemory(context, mszReaders);
  	}
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_list_reader_groups_a(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	LPSTR mszReaders = nullptr;
  	DWORD chReaders = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
  	auto rc = SCardListReaderGroupsA(context, reinterpret_cast<LPSTR>(&mszReaders), &chReaders);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardListReaderGroupsA failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		auto start = mszReaders;
  		auto end = &mszReaders[chReaders];
  
  		std::cout << "SCardListReaderGroupsA " << chReaders << " [";
  		while (start < end)
  		{
  			std::cout << start << ", ";
  			start += strnlen(start, chReaders) + 2;
  		}
  		std::cout << "]" << std::endl;
  	}
  	SCardFreeMemory(context, mszReaders);
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_list_reader_groups_w(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	LPWSTR mszReaders = nullptr;
  	DWORD chReaders = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
  	auto rc = SCardListReaderGroupsW(context, reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(&mszReaders), &chReaders);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::wcerr << L"SCardListReaderGroupsW failed with " << err2wstr(rc) << std::endl;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		auto start = mszReaders;
  		auto end = &mszReaders[chReaders];
  
  		std::wcout << L"SCardListReaderGroupsW " << chReaders << L" [";
  		while (start < end)
  		{
  			std::wcout << start << L", ";
  			start += wcsnlen(start, chReaders) + 2;
  		}
  		std::wcout << L"]" << std::endl;
  	}
  	SCardFreeMemory(context, mszReaders);
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_introduce_forget_reader_groups_a(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	LPSTR group = "somefancygroup";
  
  	auto rc = SCardIntroduceReaderGroupA(context, group);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardIntroduceReaderGroupA failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		rc = SCardForgetReaderGroupA(context, group);
  		if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  		{
  			std::cerr << "SCardForgetReaderGroupA failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  			return false;
  		}
  		return true;
  	}
  }
  
  static bool test_introduce_forget_reader_groups_w(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	LPWSTR group = L"somefancygroup";
  
  	auto rc = SCardIntroduceReaderGroupW(context, group);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardIntroduceReaderGroupW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		rc = SCardForgetReaderGroupW(context, group);
  		if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  		{
  			std::cerr << "SCardForgetReaderGroupW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  			return false;
  		}
  		return true;
  	}
  }
  
  static bool test_introduce_forget_reader_a(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	LPSTR reader = "somefancygroup";
  	LPSTR device = "otherfancy";
  
  	auto rc = SCardIntroduceReaderA(context, reader, device);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardIntroduceReaderA failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		rc = SCardForgetReaderA(context, reader);
  		if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  		{
  			std::cerr << "SCardForgetReaderA failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  			return false;
  		}
  		return true;
  	}
  }
  
  static bool test_introduce_forget_reader_w(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	LPWSTR reader = L"somefancygroup";
  	LPWSTR device = L"otherfancy";
  
  	auto rc = SCardIntroduceReaderW(context, reader, device);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardIntroduceReaderW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		rc = SCardForgetReaderW(context, reader);
  		if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  		{
  			std::cerr << "SCardForgetReaderW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  			return false;
  		}
  		return true;
  	}
  }
  
  static bool test_list_cards_a(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	DWORD chCards = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
  	LPSTR mszCards = nullptr;
  	auto rc =
  	    SCardListCardsA(context, nullptr, nullptr, 0, reinterpret_cast<LPSTR>(&mszCards), &chCards);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardListCardsA failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		auto start = mszCards;
  		auto end = &mszCards[chCards];
  		std::cout << "SCardListCardsA " << chCards << " [";
  		while (start < end)
  		{
  			std::cout << start << ", ";
  			start += strnlen(start, chCards) + 2;
  		}
  		std::cout << "]" << std::endl;
  	}
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_list_cards_w(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	DWORD chCards = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
  	LPWSTR mszCards = nullptr;
  	auto rc = SCardListCardsW(context, nullptr, nullptr, 0, reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(&mszCards),
  	                          &chCards);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardListCardsW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		auto start = mszCards;
  		auto end = &mszCards[chCards];
  		std::cout << "SCardListCardsW " << chCards << " [";
  		while (start < end)
  		{
  			std::wcout << start << L", ";
  			start += wcsnlen(start, chCards) + 2;
  		}
  		std::cout << "]" << std::endl;
  	}
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_cache_a(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	BYTE wdata[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
  	const DWORD wdatalen = sizeof(wdata);
  	BYTE data[32] = {};
  	DWORD datalen = sizeof(data);
  	LPSTR name = "testdata";
  	UUID id = {};
  
  	auto rc = SCardWriteCacheA(context, &id, 0, name, wdata, wdatalen);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardWriteCacheA failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	rc = SCardReadCacheA(context, &id, 0, name, data, &datalen);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardReadCacheA failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	if (wdatalen != datalen)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardWriteCacheA wrote " << wdatalen << "bytes, SCardReadCacheA read "
  		          << datalen << "bytes" << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	if (memcmp(wdata, data, wdatalen) != 0)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardWriteCacheA / SCardReadCacheA data corruption detected" << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_cache_w(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	BYTE wdata[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
  	const DWORD wdatalen = sizeof(wdata);
  	BYTE data[32] = {};
  	DWORD datalen = sizeof(data);
  	LPWSTR name = L"testdata";
  	UUID id = {};
  
  	auto rc = SCardWriteCacheW(context, &id, 0, name, wdata, wdatalen);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardWriteCacheW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	rc = SCardReadCacheW(context, &id, 0, name, data, &datalen);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardReadCacheW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	if (wdatalen != datalen)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardReadCacheW wrote " << wdatalen << "bytes, SCardReadCacheW read "
  		          << datalen << "bytes" << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	if (memcmp(wdata, data, wdatalen) != 0)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardReadCacheW / SCardReadCacheW data corruption detected" << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_reader_icon_a(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	LPSTR name = "Gemalto PC Twin Reader 00 00\0\0";
  	LPBYTE pbIcon = nullptr;
  	DWORD cbIcon = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
  
  	auto rc = SCardGetReaderIconA(context, name, reinterpret_cast<LPBYTE>(&pbIcon), &cbIcon);
  	SCardFreeMemory(context, pbIcon);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardGetReaderIconA failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_reader_icon_w(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	LPWSTR name = L"Gemalto PC Twin Reader 00 00\0\0";
  	LPBYTE pbIcon = nullptr;
  	DWORD cbIcon = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
  
  	auto rc = SCardGetReaderIconW(context, name, reinterpret_cast<LPBYTE>(&pbIcon), &cbIcon);
  	SCardFreeMemory(context, pbIcon);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardGetReaderIconW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_locate_cards_a(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	LPSTR name = "Gemalto PC Twin Reader 00 00\0\0";
  	SCARD_READERSTATEA rgReaderStates[16] = {};
  
  	auto rc = SCardLocateCardsA(context, name, rgReaderStates, ARRAYSIZE(rgReaderStates));
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardLocateCardsA failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_locate_cards_w(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	LPWSTR name = L"Gemalto PC Twin Reader 00 00\0\0";
  	SCARD_READERSTATEW rgReaderStates[16] = {};
  
  	auto rc = SCardLocateCardsW(context, name, rgReaderStates, ARRAYSIZE(rgReaderStates));
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardLocateCardsW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_locate_cards_by_atr_a(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	SCARD_READERSTATEA rgReaderStates[16] = {};
  	SCARD_ATRMASK rgAtrMasks[16] = {};
  
  	auto rc = SCardLocateCardsByATRA(context, rgAtrMasks, ARRAYSIZE(rgAtrMasks), rgReaderStates,
  	                                 ARRAYSIZE(rgReaderStates));
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardLocateCardsByATRA failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_locate_cards_by_atr_w(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	SCARD_READERSTATEW rgReaderStates[16] = {};
  	SCARD_ATRMASK rgAtrMasks[16] = {};
  
  	auto rc = SCardLocateCardsByATRW(context, rgAtrMasks, ARRAYSIZE(rgAtrMasks), rgReaderStates,
  	                                 ARRAYSIZE(rgReaderStates));
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardLocateCardsByATRW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_devicetype_id_a(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	BYTE data[32] = {};
  	LPSTR name = "testdata";
  	DWORD type;
  
  	auto rc = SCardGetDeviceTypeIdA(context, name, &type);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardGetDeviceTypeIdA failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_devicetype_id_w(SCARDCONTEXT context)
  {
  	BYTE data[32] = {};
  	LPWSTR name = L"testdata";
  	DWORD type;
  
  	auto rc = SCardGetDeviceTypeIdW(context, name, &type);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardGetDeviceTypeIdW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_transmitcount(SCARDHANDLE handle)
  {
  	BYTE data[32] = {};
  	LPWSTR name = L"testdata";
  	DWORD count;
  
  	auto rc = SCardGetTransmitCount(handle, &count);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardGetTransmitCount failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  	std::cout << "SCardGetTransmitCount() " << count << std::endl;
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_status_a(SCARDHANDLE handle)
  {
  	BYTE data[32] = {};
  	LPWSTR name = L"testdata";
  	DWORD count;
  	/*
  	    auto rc = SCardStatusA(handle, names, len, &state, &protocol, attr, &attrlen);
  	    if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
  	        std::cerr << "SCardGetDeviceTypeIdW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  	        return false;
  	    }
  	*/
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_status_w(SCARDHANDLE handle)
  {
  	BYTE data[32] = {};
  	LPWSTR name = L"testdata";
  	DWORD count;
  	/*
  	auto rc = SCardStatusA(handle, names, len, &state, &protocol, attr, &attrlen);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
  	    std::cerr << "SCardGetDeviceTypeIdW failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  	    return false;
  	}
  */
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_get_attrib(SCARDCONTEXT context, SCARDHANDLE handle)
  {
  	DWORD attrlen = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
  	LPBYTE attr = nullptr;
  
  	auto rc =
  	    SCardGetAttrib(handle, SCARD_ATTR_ATR_STRING, reinterpret_cast<LPBYTE>(&attr), &attrlen);
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardGetAttrib failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  	std::cout << "SCardGetAttrib [" << attrlen << "]: " << (char*)attr << std::endl;
  	SCardFreeMemory(context, attr);
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  static bool test_set_attrib(SCARDCONTEXT context, SCARDHANDLE handle)
  {
  	DWORD attrlen = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
  	BYTE attr[] = "0123456789";
  
  	auto rc = SCardSetAttrib(handle, SCARD_ATTR_SUPRESS_T1_IFS_REQUEST, attr, ARRAYSIZE(attr));
  	if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "SCardSetAttrib failed with " << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  		return false;
  	}
  	std::cout << "SCardSetAttrib [" << attrlen << "]: " << (char*)attr << std::endl;
  	SCardFreeMemory(context, attr);
  
  	return true;
  }
  
  int main()
  {
  	std::cout << "Hello World!" << std::endl;
  	try
  	{
  		auto scopes = { SCARD_SCOPE_USER, SCARD_SCOPE_SYSTEM };
  		for (auto scope : scopes)
  		{
  			SCARDCONTEXT context;
  			auto rc = SCardEstablishContext(scope, nullptr, nullptr, &context);
  			if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  			{
  				std::cerr << "SCardEstablishContext [" << scope2str(scope) << "] failed with "
  				          << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  			}
  			else
  			{
  				std::cerr << "SCardEstablishContext [" << scope2str(scope) << "] success"
  				          << std::endl;
  
  				test_valid(context);
  
  				test_list_reader_groups_a(context);
  				test_list_reader_groups_w(context);
  
  				test_list_readers_a(context);
  				test_list_readers_w(context);
  
  				test_list_cards_a(context);
  				test_list_cards_w(context);
  
  				test_introduce_forget_reader_groups_a(context);
  				test_introduce_forget_reader_groups_w(context);
  
  				test_introduce_forget_reader_a(context);
  				test_introduce_forget_reader_w(context);
  
  				// TODO: Introduce/Remove reader to group
  				test_locate_cards_a(context);
  				test_locate_cards_w(context);
  
  				test_locate_cards_by_atr_a(context);
  				test_locate_cards_by_atr_w(context);
  
  				test_cache_a(context);
  				test_cache_w(context);
  
  				test_reader_icon_a(context);
  				test_reader_icon_w(context);
  
  				test_devicetype_id_a(context);
  				test_devicetype_id_w(context);
  
  				// TODO: statuschange
  				// TODO: begin/end transaction
  				// TODO: state
  				// TODO: transmit
  				// TODO: control
  
  				{
  					DWORD protocol;
  					SCARDHANDLE handle = 0;
  					LPSTR mszReaders;
  					DWORD chReaders = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
  
  					LONG status = SCardListReadersA(
  					    context, nullptr, reinterpret_cast<LPSTR>(&mszReaders), &chReaders);
  					if (status == SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  						status = SCardConnectA(context, mszReaders, SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
  						                       SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 | SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1 |
  						                           SCARD_PROTOCOL_Tx | SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW,
  						                       &handle, &protocol);
  					SCardFreeMemory(context, mszReaders);
  					if (status != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  					{
  						std::cerr << "SCardConnectA ["
  						          << "] failed with " << err2str(status) << std::endl;
  					}
  					else
  					{
  						test_status_a(handle);
  						test_status_w(handle);
  						test_get_attrib(context, handle);
  						test_set_attrib(context, handle);
  						test_transmitcount(handle);
  
  						status = SCardDisconnect(handle, 0);
  						if (status)
  						{
  							std::cerr << "SCardDisconnect ["
  							          << "] failed with " << err2str(status) << std::endl;
  						}
  					}
  				}
  				{
  					DWORD protocol;
  					SCARDHANDLE handle = 0;
  					LPWSTR mszReaders;
  					DWORD chReaders = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
  
  					LONG status = SCardListReadersW(
  					    context, nullptr, reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(&mszReaders), &chReaders);
  					if (status == SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  						status = SCardConnectW(context, mszReaders, SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
  						                       SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 | SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1 |
  						                           SCARD_PROTOCOL_Tx | SCARD_PROTOCOL_RAW,
  						                       &handle, &protocol);
  					SCardFreeMemory(context, mszReaders);
  
  					if (status != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  					{
  						std::cerr << "SCardConnectW ["
  						          << "] failed with " << err2str(status) << std::endl;
  					}
  					else
  					{
  						test_status_a(handle);
  						test_status_w(handle);
  						test_get_attrib(context, handle);
  						test_set_attrib(context, handle);
  						test_transmitcount(handle);
  
  						status = SCardDisconnect(handle, 0);
  						if (status)
  						{
  							std::cerr << "SCardDisconnect ["
  							          << "] failed with " << err2str(status) << std::endl;
  						}
  					}
  				}
  
  				rc = SCardReleaseContext(context);
  				if (rc != SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
  				{
  					std::cerr << "SCardReleaseContext [" << scope2str(scope) << "] failed with "
  					          << err2str(rc) << std::endl;
  				}
  			}
  		}
  	}
  	catch (...)
  	{
  		std::cerr << "exception!!!!" << std::endl;
  	}
  
  	return 0;
  }
  