text: import datetime
  import importlib
  import io
  import os
  import sys
  from unittest import mock
  
  from django.apps import apps
  from django.core.management import CommandError, call_command
  from django.db import (
      ConnectionHandler, DatabaseError, connection, connections, models,
  )
  from django.db.backends.base.schema import BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor
  from django.db.backends.utils import truncate_name
  from django.db.migrations.exceptions import InconsistentMigrationHistory
  from django.db.migrations.recorder import MigrationRecorder
  from django.test import TestCase, override_settings, skipUnlessDBFeature
  
  from .models import UnicodeModel, UnserializableModel
  from .routers import TestRouter
  from .test_base import MigrationTestBase
  
  
  class MigrateTests(MigrationTestBase):
      """
      Tests running the migrate command.
      """
      databases = {'default', 'other'}
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations"})
      def test_migrate(self):
          """
          Tests basic usage of the migrate command.
          """
          # No tables are created
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_author")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_tribble")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_book")
          # Run the migrations to 0001 only
          stdout = io.StringIO()
          call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0001', verbosity=1, stdout=stdout, no_color=True)
          stdout = stdout.getvalue()
          self.assertIn('Target specific migration: 0001_initial, from migrations', stdout)
          self.assertIn('Applying migrations.0001_initial... OK', stdout)
          # The correct tables exist
          self.assertTableExists("migrations_author")
          self.assertTableExists("migrations_tribble")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_book")
          # Run migrations all the way
          call_command("migrate", verbosity=0)
          # The correct tables exist
          self.assertTableExists("migrations_author")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_tribble")
          self.assertTableExists("migrations_book")
          # Unmigrate everything
          stdout = io.StringIO()
          call_command('migrate', 'migrations', 'zero', verbosity=1, stdout=stdout, no_color=True)
          stdout = stdout.getvalue()
          self.assertIn('Unapply all migrations: migrations', stdout)
          self.assertIn('Unapplying migrations.0002_second... OK', stdout)
          # Tables are gone
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_author")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_tribble")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_book")
  
      @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=[
          'django.contrib.auth',
          'django.contrib.contenttypes',
          'migrations.migrations_test_apps.migrated_app',
      ])
      def test_migrate_with_system_checks(self):
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('migrate', skip_checks=False, no_color=True, stdout=out)
          self.assertIn('Apply all migrations: migrated_app', out.getvalue())
  
      @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['migrations', 'migrations.migrations_test_apps.unmigrated_app_syncdb'])
      def test_app_without_migrations(self):
          msg = "App 'unmigrated_app_syncdb' does not have migrations."
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, msg):
              call_command('migrate', app_label='unmigrated_app_syncdb')
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations_clashing_prefix'})
      def test_ambiguous_prefix(self):
          msg = (
              "More than one migration matches 'a' in app 'migrations'. Please "
              "be more specific."
          )
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, msg):
              call_command('migrate', app_label='migrations', migration_name='a')
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations'})
      def test_unknown_prefix(self):
          msg = "Cannot find a migration matching 'nonexistent' from app 'migrations'."
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, msg):
              call_command('migrate', app_label='migrations', migration_name='nonexistent')
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations_initial_false"})
      def test_migrate_initial_false(self):
          """
          `Migration.initial = False` skips fake-initial detection.
          """
          # Make sure no tables are created
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_author")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_tribble")
          # Run the migrations to 0001 only
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "0001", verbosity=0)
          # Fake rollback
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", fake=True, verbosity=0)
          # Make sure fake-initial detection does not run
          with self.assertRaises(DatabaseError):
              call_command("migrate", "migrations", "0001", fake_initial=True, verbosity=0)
  
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "0001", fake=True, verbosity=0)
          # Real rollback
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", verbosity=0)
          # Make sure it's all gone
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_author")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_tribble")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_book")
  
      @override_settings(
          MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations"},
          DATABASE_ROUTERS=['migrations.routers.TestRouter'],
      )
      def test_migrate_fake_initial(self):
          """
          --fake-initial only works if all tables created in the initial
          migration of an app exists. Database routers must be obeyed when doing
          that check.
          """
          # Make sure no tables are created
          for db in self.databases:
              self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_author", using=db)
              self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_tribble", using=db)
          # Run the migrations to 0001 only
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "0001", verbosity=0)
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "0001", verbosity=0, database="other")
          # Make sure the right tables exist
          self.assertTableExists("migrations_author")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_tribble")
          # Also check the "other" database
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_author", using="other")
          self.assertTableExists("migrations_tribble", using="other")
  
          # Fake a roll-back
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", fake=True, verbosity=0)
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", fake=True, verbosity=0, database="other")
          # Make sure the tables still exist
          self.assertTableExists("migrations_author")
          self.assertTableExists("migrations_tribble", using="other")
          # Try to run initial migration
          with self.assertRaises(DatabaseError):
              call_command("migrate", "migrations", "0001", verbosity=0)
          # Run initial migration with an explicit --fake-initial
          out = io.StringIO()
          with mock.patch('django.core.management.color.supports_color', lambda *args: False):
              call_command("migrate", "migrations", "0001", fake_initial=True, stdout=out, verbosity=1)
              call_command("migrate", "migrations", "0001", fake_initial=True, verbosity=0, database="other")
          self.assertIn(
              "migrations.0001_initial... faked",
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
          # Run migrations all the way
          call_command("migrate", verbosity=0)
          call_command("migrate", verbosity=0, database="other")
          # Make sure the right tables exist
          self.assertTableExists("migrations_author")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_tribble")
          self.assertTableExists("migrations_book")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_author", using="other")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_tribble", using="other")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_book", using="other")
          # Fake a roll-back
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", fake=True, verbosity=0)
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", fake=True, verbosity=0, database="other")
          # Make sure the tables still exist
          self.assertTableExists("migrations_author")
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_tribble")
          self.assertTableExists("migrations_book")
          # Try to run initial migration
          with self.assertRaises(DatabaseError):
              call_command("migrate", "migrations", verbosity=0)
          # Run initial migration with an explicit --fake-initial
          with self.assertRaises(DatabaseError):
              # Fails because "migrations_tribble" does not exist but needs to in
              # order to make --fake-initial work.
              call_command("migrate", "migrations", fake_initial=True, verbosity=0)
          # Fake an apply
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", fake=True, verbosity=0)
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", fake=True, verbosity=0, database="other")
          # Unmigrate everything
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", verbosity=0)
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", verbosity=0, database="other")
          # Make sure it's all gone
          for db in self.databases:
              self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_author", using=db)
              self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_tribble", using=db)
              self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_book", using=db)
  
      @skipUnlessDBFeature('ignores_table_name_case')
      def test_migrate_fake_initial_case_insensitive(self):
          with override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={
              'migrations': 'migrations.test_fake_initial_case_insensitive.initial',
          }):
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0001', verbosity=0)
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', 'zero', fake=True, verbosity=0)
  
          with override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={
              'migrations': 'migrations.test_fake_initial_case_insensitive.fake_initial',
          }):
              out = io.StringIO()
              call_command(
                  'migrate',
                  'migrations',
                  '0001',
                  fake_initial=True,
                  stdout=out,
                  verbosity=1,
                  no_color=True,
              )
              self.assertIn(
                  'migrations.0001_initial... faked',
                  out.getvalue().lower(),
              )
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations_fake_split_initial"})
      def test_migrate_fake_split_initial(self):
          """
          Split initial migrations can be faked with --fake-initial.
          """
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "0002", verbosity=0)
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", fake=True, verbosity=0)
          out = io.StringIO()
          with mock.patch('django.core.management.color.supports_color', lambda *args: False):
              call_command("migrate", "migrations", "0002", fake_initial=True, stdout=out, verbosity=1)
          value = out.getvalue().lower()
          self.assertIn("migrations.0001_initial... faked", value)
          self.assertIn("migrations.0002_second... faked", value)
          # Fake an apply
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", fake=True, verbosity=0)
          # Unmigrate everything
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", verbosity=0)
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations_conflict"})
      def test_migrate_conflict_exit(self):
          """
          migrate exits if it detects a conflict.
          """
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, "Conflicting migrations detected"):
              call_command("migrate", "migrations")
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={
          'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations',
      })
      def test_migrate_check(self):
          with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0001', check_unapplied=True, verbosity=0)
          self.assertTableNotExists('migrations_author')
          self.assertTableNotExists('migrations_tribble')
          self.assertTableNotExists('migrations_book')
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={
          'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations_plan',
      })
      def test_migrate_check_plan(self):
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
              call_command(
                  'migrate',
                  'migrations',
                  '0001',
                  check_unapplied=True,
                  plan=True,
                  stdout=out,
                  no_color=True,
              )
          self.assertEqual(
              'Planned operations:\n'
              'migrations.0001_initial\n'
              '    Create model Salamander\n'
              '    Raw Python operation -> Grow salamander tail.\n',
              out.getvalue(),
          )
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations"})
      def test_showmigrations_list(self):
          """
          showmigrations --list  displays migrations and whether or not they're
          applied.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with mock.patch('django.core.management.color.supports_color', lambda *args: True):
              call_command("showmigrations", format='list', stdout=out, verbosity=0, no_color=False)
          self.assertEqual(
              '\x1b[1mmigrations\n\x1b[0m'
              ' [ ] 0001_initial\n'
              ' [ ] 0002_second\n',
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
  
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "0001", verbosity=0)
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          # Giving the explicit app_label tests for selective `show_list` in the command
          call_command("showmigrations", "migrations", format='list', stdout=out, verbosity=0, no_color=True)
          self.assertEqual(
              'migrations\n'
              ' [x] 0001_initial\n'
              ' [ ] 0002_second\n',
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
          out = io.StringIO()
          # Applied datetimes are displayed at verbosity 2+.
          call_command('showmigrations', 'migrations', stdout=out, verbosity=2, no_color=True)
          migration1 = MigrationRecorder(connection).migration_qs.get(app='migrations', name='0001_initial')
          self.assertEqual(
              'migrations\n'
              ' [x] 0001_initial (applied at %s)\n'
              ' [ ] 0002_second\n' % migration1.applied.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
          # Cleanup by unmigrating everything
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", verbosity=0)
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations_run_before"})
      def test_showmigrations_plan(self):
          """
          Tests --plan output of showmigrations command
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("showmigrations", format='plan', stdout=out)
          self.assertEqual(
              "[ ]  migrations.0001_initial\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.0003_third\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.0002_second\n",
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("showmigrations", format='plan', stdout=out, verbosity=2)
          self.assertEqual(
              "[ ]  migrations.0001_initial\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.0003_third ... (migrations.0001_initial)\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.0002_second ... (migrations.0001_initial, migrations.0003_third)\n",
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "0003", verbosity=0)
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("showmigrations", format='plan', stdout=out)
          self.assertEqual(
              "[x]  migrations.0001_initial\n"
              "[x]  migrations.0003_third\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.0002_second\n",
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("showmigrations", format='plan', stdout=out, verbosity=2)
          self.assertEqual(
              "[x]  migrations.0001_initial\n"
              "[x]  migrations.0003_third ... (migrations.0001_initial)\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.0002_second ... (migrations.0001_initial, migrations.0003_third)\n",
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
  
          # Cleanup by unmigrating everything
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", verbosity=0)
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations_plan'})
      def test_migrate_plan(self):
          """Tests migrate --plan output."""
          out = io.StringIO()
          # Show the plan up to the third migration.
          call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0003', plan=True, stdout=out, no_color=True)
          self.assertEqual(
              'Planned operations:\n'
              'migrations.0001_initial\n'
              '    Create model Salamander\n'
              '    Raw Python operation -> Grow salamander tail.\n'
              'migrations.0002_second\n'
              '    Create model Book\n'
              "    Raw SQL operation -> ['SELECT * FROM migrations_book']\n"
              'migrations.0003_third\n'
              '    Create model Author\n'
              "    Raw SQL operation -> ['SELECT * FROM migrations_author']\n",
              out.getvalue()
          )
          try:
              # Migrate to the third migration.
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0003', verbosity=0)
              out = io.StringIO()
              # Show the plan for when there is nothing to apply.
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0003', plan=True, stdout=out, no_color=True)
              self.assertEqual(
                  'Planned operations:\n'
                  '  No planned migration operations.\n',
                  out.getvalue()
              )
              out = io.StringIO()
              # Show the plan for reverse migration back to 0001.
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0001', plan=True, stdout=out, no_color=True)
              self.assertEqual(
                  'Planned operations:\n'
                  'migrations.0003_third\n'
                  '    Undo Create model Author\n'
                  "    Raw SQL operation -> ['SELECT * FROM migrations_book']\n"
                  'migrations.0002_second\n'
                  '    Undo Create model Book\n'
                  "    Raw SQL operation -> ['SELECT * FROM migrations_salamand…\n",
                  out.getvalue()
              )
              out = io.StringIO()
              # Show the migration plan to fourth, with truncated details.
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0004', plan=True, stdout=out, no_color=True)
              self.assertEqual(
                  'Planned operations:\n'
                  'migrations.0004_fourth\n'
                  '    Raw SQL operation -> SELECT * FROM migrations_author WHE…\n',
                  out.getvalue()
              )
              # Show the plan when an operation is irreversible.
              # Migrate to the fourth migration.
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0004', verbosity=0)
              out = io.StringIO()
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0003', plan=True, stdout=out, no_color=True)
              self.assertEqual(
                  'Planned operations:\n'
                  'migrations.0004_fourth\n'
                  '    Raw SQL operation -> IRREVERSIBLE\n',
                  out.getvalue()
              )
              out = io.StringIO()
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0005', plan=True, stdout=out, no_color=True)
              # Operation is marked as irreversible only in the revert plan.
              self.assertEqual(
                  'Planned operations:\n'
                  'migrations.0005_fifth\n'
                  '    Raw Python operation\n'
                  '    Raw Python operation\n'
                  '    Raw Python operation -> Feed salamander.\n',
                  out.getvalue()
              )
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0005', verbosity=0)
              out = io.StringIO()
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0004', plan=True, stdout=out, no_color=True)
              self.assertEqual(
                  'Planned operations:\n'
                  'migrations.0005_fifth\n'
                  '    Raw Python operation -> IRREVERSIBLE\n'
                  '    Raw Python operation -> IRREVERSIBLE\n'
                  '    Raw Python operation\n',
                  out.getvalue()
              )
          finally:
              # Cleanup by unmigrating everything: fake the irreversible, then
              # migrate all to zero.
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', '0003', fake=True, verbosity=0)
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', 'zero', verbosity=0)
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations_empty'})
      def test_showmigrations_no_migrations(self):
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('showmigrations', stdout=out, no_color=True)
          self.assertEqual('migrations\n (no migrations)\n', out.getvalue().lower())
  
      @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['migrations.migrations_test_apps.unmigrated_app'])
      def test_showmigrations_unmigrated_app(self):
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('showmigrations', 'unmigrated_app', stdout=out, no_color=True)
          self.assertEqual('unmigrated_app\n (no migrations)\n', out.getvalue().lower())
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations_empty"})
      def test_showmigrations_plan_no_migrations(self):
          """
          Tests --plan output of showmigrations command without migrations
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('showmigrations', format='plan', stdout=out, no_color=True)
          self.assertEqual('(no migrations)\n', out.getvalue().lower())
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('showmigrations', format='plan', stdout=out, verbosity=2, no_color=True)
          self.assertEqual('(no migrations)\n', out.getvalue().lower())
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations_squashed_complex"})
      def test_showmigrations_plan_squashed(self):
          """
          Tests --plan output of showmigrations command with squashed migrations.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("showmigrations", format='plan', stdout=out)
          self.assertEqual(
              "[ ]  migrations.1_auto\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.2_auto\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.3_squashed_5\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.6_auto\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.7_auto\n",
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("showmigrations", format='plan', stdout=out, verbosity=2)
          self.assertEqual(
              "[ ]  migrations.1_auto\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.2_auto ... (migrations.1_auto)\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.3_squashed_5 ... (migrations.2_auto)\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.6_auto ... (migrations.3_squashed_5)\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.7_auto ... (migrations.6_auto)\n",
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
  
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "3_squashed_5", verbosity=0)
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("showmigrations", format='plan', stdout=out)
          self.assertEqual(
              "[x]  migrations.1_auto\n"
              "[x]  migrations.2_auto\n"
              "[x]  migrations.3_squashed_5\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.6_auto\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.7_auto\n",
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("showmigrations", format='plan', stdout=out, verbosity=2)
          self.assertEqual(
              "[x]  migrations.1_auto\n"
              "[x]  migrations.2_auto ... (migrations.1_auto)\n"
              "[x]  migrations.3_squashed_5 ... (migrations.2_auto)\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.6_auto ... (migrations.3_squashed_5)\n"
              "[ ]  migrations.7_auto ... (migrations.6_auto)\n",
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
  
      @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=[
          'migrations.migrations_test_apps.mutate_state_b',
          'migrations.migrations_test_apps.alter_fk.author_app',
          'migrations.migrations_test_apps.alter_fk.book_app',
      ])
      def test_showmigrations_plan_single_app_label(self):
          """
          `showmigrations --plan app_label` output with a single app_label.
          """
          # Single app with no dependencies on other apps.
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('showmigrations', 'mutate_state_b', format='plan', stdout=out)
          self.assertEqual(
              '[ ]  mutate_state_b.0001_initial\n'
              '[ ]  mutate_state_b.0002_add_field\n',
              out.getvalue()
          )
          # Single app with dependencies.
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('showmigrations', 'author_app', format='plan', stdout=out)
          self.assertEqual(
              '[ ]  author_app.0001_initial\n'
              '[ ]  book_app.0001_initial\n'
              '[ ]  author_app.0002_alter_id\n',
              out.getvalue()
          )
          # Some migrations already applied.
          call_command('migrate', 'author_app', '0001', verbosity=0)
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('showmigrations', 'author_app', format='plan', stdout=out)
          self.assertEqual(
              '[X]  author_app.0001_initial\n'
              '[ ]  book_app.0001_initial\n'
              '[ ]  author_app.0002_alter_id\n',
              out.getvalue()
          )
          # Cleanup by unmigrating author_app.
          call_command('migrate', 'author_app', 'zero', verbosity=0)
  
      @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=[
          'migrations.migrations_test_apps.mutate_state_b',
          'migrations.migrations_test_apps.alter_fk.author_app',
          'migrations.migrations_test_apps.alter_fk.book_app',
      ])
      def test_showmigrations_plan_multiple_app_labels(self):
          """
          `showmigrations --plan app_label` output with multiple app_labels.
          """
          # Multiple apps: author_app depends on book_app; mutate_state_b doesn't
          # depend on other apps.
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('showmigrations', 'mutate_state_b', 'author_app', format='plan', stdout=out)
          self.assertEqual(
              '[ ]  author_app.0001_initial\n'
              '[ ]  book_app.0001_initial\n'
              '[ ]  author_app.0002_alter_id\n'
              '[ ]  mutate_state_b.0001_initial\n'
              '[ ]  mutate_state_b.0002_add_field\n',
              out.getvalue()
          )
          # Multiple apps: args order shouldn't matter (the same result is
          # expected as above).
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('showmigrations', 'author_app', 'mutate_state_b', format='plan', stdout=out)
          self.assertEqual(
              '[ ]  author_app.0001_initial\n'
              '[ ]  book_app.0001_initial\n'
              '[ ]  author_app.0002_alter_id\n'
              '[ ]  mutate_state_b.0001_initial\n'
              '[ ]  mutate_state_b.0002_add_field\n',
              out.getvalue()
          )
  
      @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['migrations.migrations_test_apps.unmigrated_app'])
      def test_showmigrations_plan_app_label_no_migrations(self):
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('showmigrations', 'unmigrated_app', format='plan', stdout=out, no_color=True)
          self.assertEqual('(no migrations)\n', out.getvalue())
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations"})
      def test_sqlmigrate_forwards(self):
          """
          sqlmigrate outputs forward looking SQL.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("sqlmigrate", "migrations", "0001", stdout=out)
          output = out.getvalue().lower()
  
          index_tx_start = output.find(connection.ops.start_transaction_sql().lower())
          index_op_desc_author = output.find('-- create model author')
          index_create_table = output.find('create table')
          index_op_desc_tribble = output.find('-- create model tribble')
          index_op_desc_unique_together = output.find('-- alter unique_together')
          index_tx_end = output.find(connection.ops.end_transaction_sql().lower())
  
          if connection.features.can_rollback_ddl:
              self.assertGreater(index_tx_start, -1, "Transaction start not found")
              self.assertGreater(
                  index_tx_end, index_op_desc_unique_together,
                  "Transaction end not found or found before operation description (unique_together)"
              )
  
          self.assertGreater(
              index_op_desc_author, index_tx_start,
              "Operation description (author) not found or found before transaction start"
          )
          self.assertGreater(
              index_create_table, index_op_desc_author,
              "CREATE TABLE not found or found before operation description (author)"
          )
          self.assertGreater(
              index_op_desc_tribble, index_create_table,
              "Operation description (tribble) not found or found before CREATE TABLE (author)"
          )
          self.assertGreater(
              index_op_desc_unique_together, index_op_desc_tribble,
              "Operation description (unique_together) not found or found before operation description (tribble)"
          )
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations"})
      def test_sqlmigrate_backwards(self):
          """
          sqlmigrate outputs reverse looking SQL.
          """
          # Cannot generate the reverse SQL unless we've applied the migration.
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", verbosity=0)
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("sqlmigrate", "migrations", "0001", stdout=out, backwards=True)
          output = out.getvalue().lower()
  
          index_tx_start = output.find(connection.ops.start_transaction_sql().lower())
          index_op_desc_unique_together = output.find('-- alter unique_together')
          index_op_desc_tribble = output.find('-- create model tribble')
          index_op_desc_author = output.find('-- create model author')
          index_drop_table = output.rfind('drop table')
          index_tx_end = output.find(connection.ops.end_transaction_sql().lower())
  
          if connection.features.can_rollback_ddl:
              self.assertGreater(index_tx_start, -1, "Transaction start not found")
              self.assertGreater(
                  index_tx_end, index_op_desc_unique_together,
                  "Transaction end not found or found before DROP TABLE"
              )
          self.assertGreater(
              index_op_desc_unique_together, index_tx_start,
              "Operation description (unique_together) not found or found before transaction start"
          )
          self.assertGreater(
              index_op_desc_tribble, index_op_desc_unique_together,
              "Operation description (tribble) not found or found before operation description (unique_together)"
          )
          self.assertGreater(
              index_op_desc_author, index_op_desc_tribble,
              "Operation description (author) not found or found before operation description (tribble)"
          )
  
          self.assertGreater(
              index_drop_table, index_op_desc_author,
              "DROP TABLE not found or found before operation description (author)"
          )
  
          # Cleanup by unmigrating everything
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", verbosity=0)
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations_non_atomic"})
      def test_sqlmigrate_for_non_atomic_migration(self):
          """
          Transaction wrappers aren't shown for non-atomic migrations.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("sqlmigrate", "migrations", "0001", stdout=out)
          output = out.getvalue().lower()
          queries = [q.strip() for q in output.splitlines()]
          if connection.ops.start_transaction_sql():
              self.assertNotIn(connection.ops.start_transaction_sql().lower(), queries)
          self.assertNotIn(connection.ops.end_transaction_sql().lower(), queries)
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations'})
      def test_sqlmigrate_for_non_transactional_databases(self):
          """
          Transaction wrappers aren't shown for databases that don't support
          transactional DDL.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with mock.patch.object(connection.features, 'can_rollback_ddl', False):
              call_command('sqlmigrate', 'migrations', '0001', stdout=out)
          output = out.getvalue().lower()
          queries = [q.strip() for q in output.splitlines()]
          start_transaction_sql = connection.ops.start_transaction_sql()
          if start_transaction_sql:
              self.assertNotIn(start_transaction_sql.lower(), queries)
          self.assertNotIn(connection.ops.end_transaction_sql().lower(), queries)
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations_squashed'})
      def test_sqlmigrate_ambiguous_prefix_squashed_migrations(self):
          msg = (
              "More than one migration matches '0001' in app 'migrations'. "
              "Please be more specific."
          )
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, msg):
              call_command('sqlmigrate', 'migrations', '0001')
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations_squashed'})
      def test_sqlmigrate_squashed_migration(self):
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('sqlmigrate', 'migrations', '0001_squashed_0002', stdout=out)
          output = out.getvalue().lower()
          self.assertIn('-- create model author', output)
          self.assertIn('-- create model book', output)
          self.assertNotIn('-- create model tribble', output)
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations_squashed'})
      def test_sqlmigrate_replaced_migration(self):
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command('sqlmigrate', 'migrations', '0001_initial', stdout=out)
          output = out.getvalue().lower()
          self.assertIn('-- create model author', output)
          self.assertIn('-- create model tribble', output)
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations_no_operations'})
      def test_migrations_no_operations(self):
          err = io.StringIO()
          call_command('sqlmigrate', 'migrations', '0001_initial', stderr=err)
          self.assertEqual(err.getvalue(), 'No operations found.\n')
  
      @override_settings(
          INSTALLED_APPS=[
              "migrations.migrations_test_apps.migrated_app",
              "migrations.migrations_test_apps.migrated_unapplied_app",
              "migrations.migrations_test_apps.unmigrated_app",
          ],
      )
      def test_regression_22823_unmigrated_fk_to_migrated_model(self):
          """
          Assuming you have 3 apps, `A`, `B`, and `C`, such that:
  
          * `A` has migrations
          * `B` has a migration we want to apply
          * `C` has no migrations, but has an FK to `A`
  
          When we try to migrate "B", an exception occurs because the
          "B" was not included in the ProjectState that is used to detect
          soft-applied migrations (#22823).
          """
          call_command('migrate', 'migrated_unapplied_app', verbosity=0)
  
          # unmigrated_app.SillyModel has a foreign key to 'migrations.Tribble',
          # but that model is only defined in a migration, so the global app
          # registry never sees it and the reference is left dangling. Remove it
          # to avoid problems in subsequent tests.
          del apps._pending_operations[('migrations', 'tribble')]
  
      @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['migrations.migrations_test_apps.unmigrated_app_syncdb'])
      def test_migrate_syncdb_deferred_sql_executed_with_schemaeditor(self):
          """
          For an app without migrations, editor.execute() is used for executing
          the syncdb deferred SQL.
          """
          stdout = io.StringIO()
          with mock.patch.object(BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor, 'execute') as execute:
              call_command('migrate', run_syncdb=True, verbosity=1, stdout=stdout, no_color=True)
              create_table_count = len([call for call in execute.mock_calls if 'CREATE TABLE' in str(call)])
              self.assertEqual(create_table_count, 2)
              # There's at least one deferred SQL for creating the foreign key
              # index.
              self.assertGreater(len(execute.mock_calls), 2)
          stdout = stdout.getvalue()
          self.assertIn('Synchronize unmigrated apps: unmigrated_app_syncdb', stdout)
          self.assertIn('Creating tables...', stdout)
          table_name = truncate_name('unmigrated_app_syncdb_classroom', connection.ops.max_name_length())
          self.assertIn('Creating table %s' % table_name, stdout)
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations'})
      def test_migrate_syncdb_app_with_migrations(self):
          msg = "Can't use run_syncdb with app 'migrations' as it has migrations."
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, msg):
              call_command('migrate', 'migrations', run_syncdb=True, verbosity=0)
  
      @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=[
          'migrations.migrations_test_apps.unmigrated_app_syncdb',
          'migrations.migrations_test_apps.unmigrated_app_simple',
      ])
      def test_migrate_syncdb_app_label(self):
          """
          Running migrate --run-syncdb with an app_label only creates tables for
          the specified app.
          """
          stdout = io.StringIO()
          with mock.patch.object(BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor, 'execute') as execute:
              call_command('migrate', 'unmigrated_app_syncdb', run_syncdb=True, stdout=stdout)
              create_table_count = len([call for call in execute.mock_calls if 'CREATE TABLE' in str(call)])
              self.assertEqual(create_table_count, 2)
              self.assertGreater(len(execute.mock_calls), 2)
              self.assertIn('Synchronize unmigrated app: unmigrated_app_syncdb', stdout.getvalue())
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations_squashed"})
      def test_migrate_record_replaced(self):
          """
          Running a single squashed migration should record all of the original
          replaced migrations as run.
          """
          recorder = MigrationRecorder(connection)
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", verbosity=0)
          call_command("showmigrations", "migrations", stdout=out, no_color=True)
          self.assertEqual(
              'migrations\n'
              ' [x] 0001_squashed_0002 (2 squashed migrations)\n',
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
          applied_migrations = recorder.applied_migrations()
          self.assertIn(("migrations", "0001_initial"), applied_migrations)
          self.assertIn(("migrations", "0002_second"), applied_migrations)
          self.assertIn(("migrations", "0001_squashed_0002"), applied_migrations)
          # Rollback changes
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", "zero", verbosity=0)
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.test_migrations_squashed"})
      def test_migrate_record_squashed(self):
          """
          Running migrate for a squashed migration should record as run
          if all of the replaced migrations have been run (#25231).
          """
          recorder = MigrationRecorder(connection)
          recorder.record_applied("migrations", "0001_initial")
          recorder.record_applied("migrations", "0002_second")
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("migrate", "migrations", verbosity=0)
          call_command("showmigrations", "migrations", stdout=out, no_color=True)
          self.assertEqual(
              'migrations\n'
              ' [x] 0001_squashed_0002 (2 squashed migrations)\n',
              out.getvalue().lower()
          )
          self.assertIn(
              ("migrations", "0001_squashed_0002"),
              recorder.applied_migrations()
          )
          # No changes were actually applied so there is nothing to rollback
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={'migrations': 'migrations.test_migrations'})
      def test_migrate_inconsistent_history(self):
          """
          Running migrate with some migrations applied before their dependencies
          should not be allowed.
          """
          recorder = MigrationRecorder(connection)
          recorder.record_applied("migrations", "0002_second")
          msg = "Migration migrations.0002_second is applied before its dependency migrations.0001_initial"
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(InconsistentMigrationHistory, msg):
              call_command("migrate")
          applied_migrations = recorder.applied_migrations()
          self.assertNotIn(("migrations", "0001_initial"), applied_migrations)
  
  
  class MakeMigrationsTests(MigrationTestBase):
      """
      Tests running the makemigrations command.
      """
  
      def setUp(self):
          super().setUp()
          self._old_models = apps.app_configs['migrations'].models.copy()
  
      def tearDown(self):
          apps.app_configs['migrations'].models = self._old_models
          apps.all_models['migrations'] = self._old_models
          apps.clear_cache()
          super().tearDown()
  
      def test_files_content(self):
          self.assertTableNotExists("migrations_unicodemodel")
          apps.register_model('migrations', UnicodeModel)
          with self.temporary_migration_module() as migration_dir:
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", verbosity=0)
  
              # Check for empty __init__.py file in migrations folder
              init_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, "__init__.py")
              self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(init_file))
  
              with open(init_file) as fp:
                  content = fp.read()
              self.assertEqual(content, '')
  
              # Check for existing 0001_initial.py file in migration folder
              initial_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, "0001_initial.py")
              self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(initial_file))
  
              with open(initial_file, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                  content = fp.read()
                  self.assertIn('migrations.CreateModel', content)
                  self.assertIn('initial = True', content)
  
                  self.assertIn('úñí©óðé µóðéø', content)  # Meta.verbose_name
                  self.assertIn('úñí©óðé µóðéøß', content)  # Meta.verbose_name_plural
                  self.assertIn('ÚÑÍ¢ÓÐÉ', content)  # title.verbose_name
                  self.assertIn('“Ðjáñgó”', content)  # title.default
  
      def test_makemigrations_order(self):
          """
          makemigrations should recognize number-only migrations (0001.py).
          """
          module = 'migrations.test_migrations_order'
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module=module) as migration_dir:
              if hasattr(importlib, 'invalidate_caches'):
                  # importlib caches os.listdir() on some platforms like macOS
                  # (#23850).
                  importlib.invalidate_caches()
              call_command('makemigrations', 'migrations', '--empty', '-n', 'a', '-v', '0')
              self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(os.path.join(migration_dir, '0002_a.py')))
  
      def test_makemigrations_empty_connections(self):
          empty_connections = ConnectionHandler({'default': {}})
          with mock.patch('django.core.management.commands.makemigrations.connections', new=empty_connections):
              # with no apps
              out = io.StringIO()
              call_command('makemigrations', stdout=out)
              self.assertIn('No changes detected', out.getvalue())
              # with an app
              with self.temporary_migration_module() as migration_dir:
                  call_command('makemigrations', 'migrations', verbosity=0)
                  init_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, '__init__.py')
                  self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(init_file))
  
      @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['migrations', 'migrations2'])
      def test_makemigrations_consistency_checks_respect_routers(self):
          """
          The history consistency checks in makemigrations respect
          settings.DATABASE_ROUTERS.
          """
          def patched_has_table(migration_recorder):
              if migration_recorder.connection is connections['other']:
                  raise Exception('Other connection')
              else:
                  return mock.DEFAULT
  
          self.assertTableNotExists('migrations_unicodemodel')
          apps.register_model('migrations', UnicodeModel)
          with mock.patch.object(
                  MigrationRecorder, 'has_table',
                  autospec=True, side_effect=patched_has_table) as has_table:
              with self.temporary_migration_module() as migration_dir:
                  call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", verbosity=0)
                  initial_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, "0001_initial.py")
                  self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(initial_file))
                  self.assertEqual(has_table.call_count, 1)  # 'default' is checked
  
                  # Router says not to migrate 'other' so consistency shouldn't
                  # be checked.
                  with self.settings(DATABASE_ROUTERS=['migrations.routers.TestRouter']):
                      call_command('makemigrations', 'migrations', verbosity=0)
                  self.assertEqual(has_table.call_count, 2)  # 'default' again
  
                  # With a router that doesn't prohibit migrating 'other',
                  # consistency is checked.
                  with self.settings(DATABASE_ROUTERS=['migrations.routers.DefaultOtherRouter']):
                      with self.assertRaisesMessage(Exception, 'Other connection'):
                          call_command('makemigrations', 'migrations', verbosity=0)
                  self.assertEqual(has_table.call_count, 4)  # 'default' and 'other'
  
                  # With a router that doesn't allow migrating on any database,
                  # no consistency checks are made.
                  with self.settings(DATABASE_ROUTERS=['migrations.routers.TestRouter']):
                      with mock.patch.object(TestRouter, 'allow_migrate', return_value=False) as allow_migrate:
                          call_command('makemigrations', 'migrations', verbosity=0)
                  allow_migrate.assert_any_call('other', 'migrations', model_name='UnicodeModel')
                  # allow_migrate() is called with the correct arguments.
                  self.assertGreater(len(allow_migrate.mock_calls), 0)
                  called_aliases = set()
                  for mock_call in allow_migrate.mock_calls:
                      _, call_args, call_kwargs = mock_call
                      connection_alias, app_name = call_args
                      called_aliases.add(connection_alias)
                      # Raises an error if invalid app_name/model_name occurs.
                      apps.get_app_config(app_name).get_model(call_kwargs['model_name'])
                  self.assertEqual(called_aliases, set(connections))
                  self.assertEqual(has_table.call_count, 4)
  
      def test_failing_migration(self):
          # If a migration fails to serialize, it shouldn't generate an empty file. #21280
          apps.register_model('migrations', UnserializableModel)
  
          with self.temporary_migration_module() as migration_dir:
              with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, 'Cannot serialize'):
                  call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", verbosity=0)
  
              initial_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, "0001_initial.py")
              self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(initial_file))
  
      def test_makemigrations_conflict_exit(self):
          """
          makemigrations exits if it detects a conflict.
          """
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_conflict"):
              with self.assertRaises(CommandError) as context:
                  call_command("makemigrations")
          exception_message = str(context.exception)
          self.assertIn(
              'Conflicting migrations detected; multiple leaf nodes '
              'in the migration graph:',
              exception_message
          )
          self.assertIn('0002_second', exception_message)
          self.assertIn('0002_conflicting_second', exception_message)
          self.assertIn('in migrations', exception_message)
          self.assertIn("To fix them run 'python manage.py makemigrations --merge'", exception_message)
  
      def test_makemigrations_merge_no_conflict(self):
          """
          makemigrations exits if in merge mode with no conflicts.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations"):
              call_command("makemigrations", merge=True, stdout=out)
          self.assertIn("No conflicts detected to merge.", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_empty_no_app_specified(self):
          """
          makemigrations exits if no app is specified with 'empty' mode.
          """
          msg = 'You must supply at least one app label when using --empty.'
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, msg):
              call_command("makemigrations", empty=True)
  
      def test_makemigrations_empty_migration(self):
          """
          makemigrations properly constructs an empty migration.
          """
          with self.temporary_migration_module() as migration_dir:
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", empty=True, verbosity=0)
  
              # Check for existing 0001_initial.py file in migration folder
              initial_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, "0001_initial.py")
              self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(initial_file))
  
              with open(initial_file, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                  content = fp.read()
  
                  # Remove all whitespace to check for empty dependencies and operations
                  content = content.replace(' ', '')
                  self.assertIn('dependencies=[\n]', content)
                  self.assertIn('operations=[\n]', content)
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": None})
      def test_makemigrations_disabled_migrations_for_app(self):
          """
          makemigrations raises a nice error when migrations are disabled for an
          app.
          """
          msg = (
              "Django can't create migrations for app 'migrations' because migrations "
              "have been disabled via the MIGRATION_MODULES setting."
          )
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", empty=True, verbosity=0)
  
      def test_makemigrations_no_changes_no_apps(self):
          """
          makemigrations exits when there are no changes and no apps are specified.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          call_command("makemigrations", stdout=out)
          self.assertIn("No changes detected", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_no_changes(self):
          """
          makemigrations exits when there are no changes to an app.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_no_changes"):
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", stdout=out)
          self.assertIn("No changes detected in app 'migrations'", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_no_apps_initial(self):
          """
          makemigrations should detect initial is needed on empty migration
          modules if no app provided.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_empty"):
              call_command("makemigrations", stdout=out)
          self.assertIn("0001_initial.py", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_no_init(self):
          """Migration directories without an __init__.py file are allowed."""
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module='migrations.test_migrations_no_init'):
              call_command('makemigrations', stdout=out)
          self.assertIn('0001_initial.py', out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_migrations_announce(self):
          """
          makemigrations announces the migration at the default verbosity level.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module():
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", stdout=out)
          self.assertIn("Migrations for 'migrations'", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_no_common_ancestor(self):
          """
          makemigrations fails to merge migrations with no common ancestor.
          """
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
              with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_no_ancestor"):
                  call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", merge=True)
          exception_message = str(context.exception)
          self.assertIn("Could not find common ancestor of", exception_message)
          self.assertIn("0002_second", exception_message)
          self.assertIn("0002_conflicting_second", exception_message)
  
      def test_makemigrations_interactive_reject(self):
          """
          makemigrations enters and exits interactive mode properly.
          """
          # Monkeypatch interactive questioner to auto reject
          with mock.patch('builtins.input', mock.Mock(return_value='N')):
              with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_conflict") as migration_dir:
                  call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", name="merge", merge=True, interactive=True, verbosity=0)
                  merge_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, '0003_merge.py')
                  self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(merge_file))
  
      def test_makemigrations_interactive_accept(self):
          """
          makemigrations enters interactive mode and merges properly.
          """
          # Monkeypatch interactive questioner to auto accept
          with mock.patch('builtins.input', mock.Mock(return_value='y')):
              out = io.StringIO()
              with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_conflict") as migration_dir:
                  call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", name="merge", merge=True, interactive=True, stdout=out)
                  merge_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, '0003_merge.py')
                  self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(merge_file))
              self.assertIn("Created new merge migration", out.getvalue())
  
      @mock.patch('django.db.migrations.utils.datetime')
      def test_makemigrations_default_merge_name(self, mock_datetime):
          mock_datetime.datetime.now.return_value = datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 2, 3, 4)
          with mock.patch('builtins.input', mock.Mock(return_value='y')):
              out = io.StringIO()
              with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_conflict") as migration_dir:
                  call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", merge=True, interactive=True, stdout=out)
                  merge_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, '0003_merge_20160102_0304.py')
                  self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(merge_file))
              self.assertIn("Created new merge migration", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_non_interactive_not_null_addition(self):
          """
          Non-interactive makemigrations fails when a default is missing on a
          new not-null field.
          """
          class SillyModel(models.Model):
              silly_field = models.BooleanField(default=False)
              silly_int = models.IntegerField()
  
              class Meta:
                  app_label = "migrations"
  
          with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
              with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_no_default"):
                  call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", interactive=False)
  
      def test_makemigrations_non_interactive_not_null_alteration(self):
          """
          Non-interactive makemigrations fails when a default is missing on a
          field changed to not-null.
          """
          class Author(models.Model):
              name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
              slug = models.SlugField()
              age = models.IntegerField(default=0)
  
              class Meta:
                  app_label = "migrations"
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations"):
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", interactive=False, stdout=out)
          self.assertIn("Alter field slug on author", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_non_interactive_no_model_rename(self):
          """
          makemigrations adds and removes a possible model rename in
          non-interactive mode.
          """
          class RenamedModel(models.Model):
              silly_field = models.BooleanField(default=False)
  
              class Meta:
                  app_label = "migrations"
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_no_default"):
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", interactive=False, stdout=out)
          self.assertIn("Delete model SillyModel", out.getvalue())
          self.assertIn("Create model RenamedModel", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_non_interactive_no_field_rename(self):
          """
          makemigrations adds and removes a possible field rename in
          non-interactive mode.
          """
          class SillyModel(models.Model):
              silly_rename = models.BooleanField(default=False)
  
              class Meta:
                  app_label = "migrations"
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_no_default"):
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", interactive=False, stdout=out)
          self.assertIn("Remove field silly_field from sillymodel", out.getvalue())
          self.assertIn("Add field silly_rename to sillymodel", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_handle_merge(self):
          """
          makemigrations properly merges the conflicting migrations with --noinput.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_conflict") as migration_dir:
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", name="merge", merge=True, interactive=False, stdout=out)
              merge_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, '0003_merge.py')
              self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(merge_file))
          output = out.getvalue()
          self.assertIn("Merging migrations", output)
          self.assertIn("Branch 0002_second", output)
          self.assertIn("Branch 0002_conflicting_second", output)
          self.assertIn("Created new merge migration", output)
  
      def test_makemigration_merge_dry_run(self):
          """
          makemigrations respects --dry-run option when fixing migration
          conflicts (#24427).
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_conflict") as migration_dir:
              call_command(
                  "makemigrations", "migrations", name="merge", dry_run=True,
                  merge=True, interactive=False, stdout=out,
              )
              merge_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, '0003_merge.py')
              self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(merge_file))
          output = out.getvalue()
          self.assertIn("Merging migrations", output)
          self.assertIn("Branch 0002_second", output)
          self.assertIn("Branch 0002_conflicting_second", output)
          self.assertNotIn("Created new merge migration", output)
  
      def test_makemigration_merge_dry_run_verbosity_3(self):
          """
          `makemigrations --merge --dry-run` writes the merge migration file to
          stdout with `verbosity == 3` (#24427).
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_conflict") as migration_dir:
              call_command(
                  "makemigrations", "migrations", name="merge", dry_run=True,
                  merge=True, interactive=False, stdout=out, verbosity=3,
              )
              merge_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, '0003_merge.py')
              self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(merge_file))
          output = out.getvalue()
          self.assertIn("Merging migrations", output)
          self.assertIn("Branch 0002_second", output)
          self.assertIn("Branch 0002_conflicting_second", output)
          self.assertNotIn("Created new merge migration", output)
  
          # Additional output caused by verbosity 3
          # The complete merge migration file that would be written
          self.assertIn("class Migration(migrations.Migration):", output)
          self.assertIn("dependencies = [", output)
          self.assertIn("('migrations', '0002_second')", output)
          self.assertIn("('migrations', '0002_conflicting_second')", output)
          self.assertIn("operations = [", output)
          self.assertIn("]", output)
  
      def test_makemigrations_dry_run(self):
          """
          `makemigrations --dry-run` should not ask for defaults.
          """
          class SillyModel(models.Model):
              silly_field = models.BooleanField(default=False)
              silly_date = models.DateField()  # Added field without a default
  
              class Meta:
                  app_label = "migrations"
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_no_default"):
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", dry_run=True, stdout=out)
          # Output the expected changes directly, without asking for defaults
          self.assertIn("Add field silly_date to sillymodel", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_dry_run_verbosity_3(self):
          """
          Allow `makemigrations --dry-run` to output the migrations file to
          stdout (with verbosity == 3).
          """
          class SillyModel(models.Model):
              silly_field = models.BooleanField(default=False)
              silly_char = models.CharField(default="")
  
              class Meta:
                  app_label = "migrations"
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_no_default"):
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", dry_run=True, stdout=out, verbosity=3)
  
          # Normal --dry-run output
          self.assertIn("- Add field silly_char to sillymodel", out.getvalue())
  
          # Additional output caused by verbosity 3
          # The complete migrations file that would be written
          self.assertIn("class Migration(migrations.Migration):", out.getvalue())
          self.assertIn("dependencies = [", out.getvalue())
          self.assertIn("('migrations', '0001_initial'),", out.getvalue())
          self.assertIn("migrations.AddField(", out.getvalue())
          self.assertIn("model_name='sillymodel',", out.getvalue())
          self.assertIn("name='silly_char',", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_migrations_modules_path_not_exist(self):
          """
          makemigrations creates migrations when specifying a custom location
          for migration files using MIGRATION_MODULES if the custom path
          doesn't already exist.
          """
          class SillyModel(models.Model):
              silly_field = models.BooleanField(default=False)
  
              class Meta:
                  app_label = "migrations"
  
          out = io.StringIO()
          migration_module = "migrations.test_migrations_path_doesnt_exist.foo.bar"
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module=migration_module) as migration_dir:
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", stdout=out)
  
              # Migrations file is actually created in the expected path.
              initial_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, "0001_initial.py")
              self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(initial_file))
  
          # Command output indicates the migration is created.
          self.assertIn(" - Create model SillyModel", out.getvalue())
  
      @override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={'migrations': 'some.nonexistent.path'})
      def test_makemigrations_migrations_modules_nonexistent_toplevel_package(self):
          msg = (
              'Could not locate an appropriate location to create migrations '
              'package some.nonexistent.path. Make sure the toplevel package '
              'exists and can be imported.'
          )
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
              call_command('makemigrations', 'migrations', empty=True, verbosity=0)
  
      def test_makemigrations_interactive_by_default(self):
          """
          The user is prompted to merge by default if there are conflicts and
          merge is True. Answer negative to differentiate it from behavior when
          --noinput is specified.
          """
          # Monkeypatch interactive questioner to auto reject
          out = io.StringIO()
          with mock.patch('builtins.input', mock.Mock(return_value='N')):
              with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_conflict") as migration_dir:
                  call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", name="merge", merge=True, stdout=out)
                  merge_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, '0003_merge.py')
                  # This will fail if interactive is False by default
                  self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(merge_file))
              self.assertNotIn("Created new merge migration", out.getvalue())
  
      @override_settings(
          INSTALLED_APPS=[
              "migrations",
              "migrations.migrations_test_apps.unspecified_app_with_conflict"])
      def test_makemigrations_unspecified_app_with_conflict_no_merge(self):
          """
          makemigrations does not raise a CommandError when an unspecified app
          has conflicting migrations.
          """
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_no_changes"):
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", merge=False, verbosity=0)
  
      @override_settings(
          INSTALLED_APPS=[
              "migrations.migrations_test_apps.migrated_app",
              "migrations.migrations_test_apps.unspecified_app_with_conflict"])
      def test_makemigrations_unspecified_app_with_conflict_merge(self):
          """
          makemigrations does not create a merge for an unspecified app even if
          it has conflicting migrations.
          """
          # Monkeypatch interactive questioner to auto accept
          with mock.patch('builtins.input', mock.Mock(return_value='y')):
              out = io.StringIO()
              with self.temporary_migration_module(app_label="migrated_app") as migration_dir:
                  call_command("makemigrations", "migrated_app", name="merge", merge=True, interactive=True, stdout=out)
                  merge_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, '0003_merge.py')
                  self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(merge_file))
              self.assertIn("No conflicts detected to merge.", out.getvalue())
  
      @override_settings(
          INSTALLED_APPS=[
              "migrations.migrations_test_apps.migrated_app",
              "migrations.migrations_test_apps.conflicting_app_with_dependencies"])
      def test_makemigrations_merge_dont_output_dependency_operations(self):
          """
          makemigrations --merge does not output any operations from apps that
          don't belong to a given app.
          """
          # Monkeypatch interactive questioner to auto accept
          with mock.patch('builtins.input', mock.Mock(return_value='N')):
              out = io.StringIO()
              with mock.patch('django.core.management.color.supports_color', lambda *args: False):
                  call_command(
                      "makemigrations", "conflicting_app_with_dependencies",
                      merge=True, interactive=True, stdout=out
                  )
              val = out.getvalue().lower()
              self.assertIn('merging conflicting_app_with_dependencies\n', val)
              self.assertIn(
                  '  branch 0002_conflicting_second\n'
                  '    - create model something\n',
                  val
              )
              self.assertIn(
                  '  branch 0002_second\n'
                  '    - delete model tribble\n'
                  '    - remove field silly_field from author\n'
                  '    - add field rating to author\n'
                  '    - create model book\n',
                  val
              )
  
      def test_makemigrations_with_custom_name(self):
          """
          makemigrations --name generate a custom migration name.
          """
          with self.temporary_migration_module() as migration_dir:
  
              def cmd(migration_count, migration_name, *args):
                  call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", "--verbosity", "0", "--name", migration_name, *args)
                  migration_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, "%s_%s.py" % (migration_count, migration_name))
                  # Check for existing migration file in migration folder
                  self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(migration_file))
                  with open(migration_file, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                      content = fp.read()
                      content = content.replace(" ", "")
                  return content
  
              # generate an initial migration
              migration_name_0001 = "my_initial_migration"
              content = cmd("0001", migration_name_0001)
              self.assertIn("dependencies=[\n]", content)
  
              # importlib caches os.listdir() on some platforms like macOS
              # (#23850).
              if hasattr(importlib, 'invalidate_caches'):
                  importlib.invalidate_caches()
  
              # generate an empty migration
              migration_name_0002 = "my_custom_migration"
              content = cmd("0002", migration_name_0002, "--empty")
              self.assertIn("dependencies=[\n('migrations','0001_%s'),\n]" % migration_name_0001, content)
              self.assertIn("operations=[\n]", content)
  
      def test_makemigrations_with_invalid_custom_name(self):
          msg = 'The migration name must be a valid Python identifier.'
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, msg):
              call_command('makemigrations', 'migrations', '--name', 'invalid name', '--empty')
  
      def test_makemigrations_check(self):
          """
          makemigrations --check should exit with a non-zero status when
          there are changes to an app requiring migrations.
          """
          with self.temporary_migration_module():
              with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
                  call_command("makemigrations", "--check", "migrations", verbosity=0)
  
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_no_changes"):
              call_command("makemigrations", "--check", "migrations", verbosity=0)
  
      def test_makemigrations_migration_path_output(self):
          """
          makemigrations should print the relative paths to the migrations unless
          they are outside of the current tree, in which case the absolute path
          should be shown.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          apps.register_model('migrations', UnicodeModel)
          with self.temporary_migration_module() as migration_dir:
              call_command("makemigrations", "migrations", stdout=out)
              self.assertIn(os.path.join(migration_dir, '0001_initial.py'), out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_migration_path_output_valueerror(self):
          """
          makemigrations prints the absolute path if os.path.relpath() raises a
          ValueError when it's impossible to obtain a relative path, e.g. on
          Windows if Django is installed on a different drive than where the
          migration files are created.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module() as migration_dir:
              with mock.patch('os.path.relpath', side_effect=ValueError):
                  call_command('makemigrations', 'migrations', stdout=out)
          self.assertIn(os.path.join(migration_dir, '0001_initial.py'), out.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_inconsistent_history(self):
          """
          makemigrations should raise InconsistentMigrationHistory exception if
          there are some migrations applied before their dependencies.
          """
          recorder = MigrationRecorder(connection)
          recorder.record_applied('migrations', '0002_second')
          msg = "Migration migrations.0002_second is applied before its dependency migrations.0001_initial"
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations"):
              with self.assertRaisesMessage(InconsistentMigrationHistory, msg):
                  call_command("makemigrations")
  
      @mock.patch('builtins.input', return_value='1')
      @mock.patch('django.db.migrations.questioner.sys.stdin', mock.MagicMock(encoding=sys.getdefaultencoding()))
      def test_makemigrations_auto_now_add_interactive(self, *args):
          """
          makemigrations prompts the user when adding auto_now_add to an existing
          model.
          """
          class Entry(models.Model):
              title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
              creation_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
  
              class Meta:
                  app_label = 'migrations'
  
          # Monkeypatch interactive questioner to auto accept
          with mock.patch('django.db.migrations.questioner.sys.stdout', new_callable=io.StringIO) as prompt_stdout:
              out = io.StringIO()
              with self.temporary_migration_module(module='migrations.test_auto_now_add'):
                  call_command('makemigrations', 'migrations', interactive=True, stdout=out)
              output = out.getvalue()
              prompt_output = prompt_stdout.getvalue()
              self.assertIn("You can accept the default 'timezone.now' by pressing 'Enter'", prompt_output)
              self.assertIn("Add field creation_date to entry", output)
  
  
  class SquashMigrationsTests(MigrationTestBase):
      """
      Tests running the squashmigrations command.
      """
  
      def test_squashmigrations_squashes(self):
          """
          squashmigrations squashes migrations.
          """
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations") as migration_dir:
              call_command("squashmigrations", "migrations", "0002", interactive=False, verbosity=0)
  
              squashed_migration_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, "0001_squashed_0002_second.py")
              self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(squashed_migration_file))
  
      def test_squashmigrations_initial_attribute(self):
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations") as migration_dir:
              call_command("squashmigrations", "migrations", "0002", interactive=False, verbosity=0)
  
              squashed_migration_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, "0001_squashed_0002_second.py")
              with open(squashed_migration_file, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                  content = fp.read()
                  self.assertIn("initial = True", content)
  
      def test_squashmigrations_optimizes(self):
          """
          squashmigrations optimizes operations.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations"):
              call_command("squashmigrations", "migrations", "0002", interactive=False, verbosity=1, stdout=out)
          self.assertIn("Optimized from 8 operations to 2 operations.", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_ticket_23799_squashmigrations_no_optimize(self):
          """
          squashmigrations --no-optimize doesn't optimize operations.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations"):
              call_command("squashmigrations", "migrations", "0002",
                           interactive=False, verbosity=1, no_optimize=True, stdout=out)
          self.assertIn("Skipping optimization", out.getvalue())
  
      def test_squashmigrations_valid_start(self):
          """
          squashmigrations accepts a starting migration.
          """
          out = io.StringIO()
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_no_changes") as migration_dir:
              call_command("squashmigrations", "migrations", "0002", "0003",
                           interactive=False, verbosity=1, stdout=out)
  
              squashed_migration_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, "0002_second_squashed_0003_third.py")
              with open(squashed_migration_file, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                  content = fp.read()
                  self.assertIn("        ('migrations', '0001_initial')", content)
                  self.assertNotIn("initial = True", content)
          out = out.getvalue()
          self.assertNotIn(" - 0001_initial", out)
          self.assertIn(" - 0002_second", out)
          self.assertIn(" - 0003_third", out)
  
      def test_squashmigrations_invalid_start(self):
          """
          squashmigrations doesn't accept a starting migration after the ending migration.
          """
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations_no_changes"):
              msg = (
                  "The migration 'migrations.0003_third' cannot be found. Maybe "
                  "it comes after the migration 'migrations.0002_second'"
              )
              with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, msg):
                  call_command("squashmigrations", "migrations", "0003", "0002", interactive=False, verbosity=0)
  
      def test_squashed_name_with_start_migration_name(self):
          """--squashed-name specifies the new migration's name."""
          squashed_name = 'squashed_name'
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module='migrations.test_migrations') as migration_dir:
              call_command(
                  'squashmigrations', 'migrations', '0001', '0002',
                  squashed_name=squashed_name, interactive=False, verbosity=0,
              )
              squashed_migration_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, '0001_%s.py' % squashed_name)
              self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(squashed_migration_file))
  
      def test_squashed_name_without_start_migration_name(self):
          """--squashed-name also works if a start migration is omitted."""
          squashed_name = 'squashed_name'
          with self.temporary_migration_module(module="migrations.test_migrations") as migration_dir:
              call_command(
                  'squashmigrations', 'migrations', '0001',
                  squashed_name=squashed_name, interactive=False, verbosity=0,
              )
              squashed_migration_file = os.path.join(migration_dir, '0001_%s.py' % squashed_name)
              self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(squashed_migration_file))
  
  
  class AppLabelErrorTests(TestCase):
      """
      This class inherits TestCase because MigrationTestBase uses
      `available_apps = ['migrations']` which means that it's the only installed
      app. 'django.contrib.auth' must be in INSTALLED_APPS for some of these
      tests.
      """
      nonexistent_app_error = "No installed app with label 'nonexistent_app'."
      did_you_mean_auth_error = (
          "No installed app with label 'django.contrib.auth'. Did you mean "
          "'auth'?"
      )
  
      def test_makemigrations_nonexistent_app_label(self):
          err = io.StringIO()
          with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
              call_command('makemigrations', 'nonexistent_app', stderr=err)
          self.assertIn(self.nonexistent_app_error, err.getvalue())
  
      def test_makemigrations_app_name_specified_as_label(self):
          err = io.StringIO()
          with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
              call_command('makemigrations', 'django.contrib.auth', stderr=err)
          self.assertIn(self.did_you_mean_auth_error, err.getvalue())
  
      def test_migrate_nonexistent_app_label(self):
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, self.nonexistent_app_error):
              call_command('migrate', 'nonexistent_app')
  
      def test_migrate_app_name_specified_as_label(self):
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, self.did_you_mean_auth_error):
              call_command('migrate', 'django.contrib.auth')
  
      def test_showmigrations_nonexistent_app_label(self):
          err = io.StringIO()
          with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
              call_command('showmigrations', 'nonexistent_app', stderr=err)
          self.assertIn(self.nonexistent_app_error, err.getvalue())
  
      def test_showmigrations_app_name_specified_as_label(self):
          err = io.StringIO()
          with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
              call_command('showmigrations', 'django.contrib.auth', stderr=err)
          self.assertIn(self.did_you_mean_auth_error, err.getvalue())
  
      def test_sqlmigrate_nonexistent_app_label(self):
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, self.nonexistent_app_error):
              call_command('sqlmigrate', 'nonexistent_app', '0002')
  
      def test_sqlmigrate_app_name_specified_as_label(self):
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, self.did_you_mean_auth_error):
              call_command('sqlmigrate', 'django.contrib.auth', '0002')
  
      def test_squashmigrations_nonexistent_app_label(self):
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, self.nonexistent_app_error):
              call_command('squashmigrations', 'nonexistent_app', '0002')
  
      def test_squashmigrations_app_name_specified_as_label(self):
          with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, self.did_you_mean_auth_error):
              call_command('squashmigrations', 'django.contrib.auth', '0002')
  