text: # Copyright 2017 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
  #
  # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  # You may obtain a copy of the License at
  #
  #     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  #
  # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  # limitations under the License.
  # ==============================================================================
  """Gradient tape utilities."""
  
  from __future__ import absolute_import
  from __future__ import division
  from __future__ import print_function
  
  import contextlib
  
  from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tfe
  from tensorflow.python.util.lazy_loader import LazyLoader
  
  # There is a circular dependency between this, ops.py, and
  # distribution_strategy_context.
  # TODO(b/117329403): Remove this circular dependency.
  distribution_strategy_context = LazyLoader(
      "distribution_strategy_context", globals(),
      "tensorflow.python.distribute."
      "distribution_strategy_context")
  
  
  class Tape(object):
    """Represents a gradient propagation trace."""
  
    def __init__(self, tape):
      self._tape = tape
  
    def watched_variables(self):
      return pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeWatchedVariables(self._tape)
  
  
  def push_new_tape(persistent=False, watch_accessed_variables=True):
    """Pushes a new tape onto the tape stack."""
    tape = pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeSetNew(persistent, watch_accessed_variables)
    return Tape(tape)
  
  
  def push_tape(tape):
    """Pushes an existing tape onto the tape stack."""
    pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeSetAdd(tape._tape)  # pylint: disable=protected-access
  
  
  def watch(tape, tensor):
    """Marks this tensor to be watched by the given tape."""
    pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeWatch(tape._tape, tensor)  # pylint: disable=protected-access
  
  
  def watch_variable(tape, variable):
    """Marks this variable to be watched by the given tape."""
    strategy, context = (
        distribution_strategy_context.get_strategy_and_replica_context())
    if context:
      variables = [strategy.extended.value_container(variable)]
    else:
      variables = strategy.experimental_local_results(variable)
    for var in variables:
      pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeWatchVariable(tape._tape, var)  # pylint: disable=protected-access
  
  
  def variable_accessed(variable):
    """Notifies all tapes in the stack that a variable has been accessed.
  
    Args:
      variable: variable to be watched.
    """
    strategy, context = (
        distribution_strategy_context.get_strategy_and_replica_context())
    if context:
      variables = [strategy.extended.value_container(variable)]
    else:
      variables = strategy.experimental_local_results(variable)
    for var in variables:
      pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeVariableAccessed(var)
  
  
  def variables_accessed(variables):
    """Notifies all tapes in the stack that variables have been accessed.
  
    Only trainable variables are marked as accessed.
  
    Args:
      variables: iterable of variables to mark as accessed.
    """
    strategy, context = (
        distribution_strategy_context.get_strategy_and_replica_context())
    accessed = []
    if context:
      accessed = [strategy.extended.value_container(variable)
                  for variable in variables if variable.trainable]
    else:
      for variable in variables:
        if variable.trainable:
          accessed.extend(strategy.experimental_local_results(variable))
  
    for var in accessed:
      pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeVariableAccessed(var)
  
  
  def pop_tape(tape):
    """Pops the given tape in the stack."""
    pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeSetRemove(tape._tape)  # pylint: disable=protected-access
  
  
  @contextlib.contextmanager
  def stop_recording():
    """Stop all gradient recording (backprop and forwardprop)."""
    is_stopped = pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeSetIsStopped()
    try:
      if not is_stopped:
        pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeSetStopOnThread()
      yield
    finally:
      if not is_stopped:
        pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeSetRestartOnThread()
  
  
  def should_record_backprop(tensors):
    """Returns true if any tape in the stack watches any of these tensors.
  
    Only takes GradientTapes into account, not forward accumulators.
  
    Args:
      tensors: Tensors to check, typically inputs to an operation.
  
    Returns:
      Boolean, whether any tape watches any of `tensors`.
    """
    return pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeSetShouldRecordBackprop(tensors)
  
  
  def record_operation(op_type, output_tensors, input_tensors, backward_function,
                       forward_function=None):
    """Records the operation on all tapes in the stack."""
    pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeSetRecordOperation(op_type, output_tensors,
                                             input_tensors, backward_function,
                                             forward_function)
  
  
  def record_operation_backprop_only(op_type, output_tensors, input_tensors,
                                     backward_function):
    """Records the operation on all backward tapes in the stack."""
    pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeSetRecordOperationBackprop(op_type, output_tensors,
                                                     input_tensors,
                                                     backward_function)
  
  
  def record_operation_forwardprop_only(op_type, output_tensors, input_tensors,
                                        backward_function,
                                        forwardprop_output_indices):
    """Records the operation on all forward accumulators in the stack.
  
    Args:
      op_type: a string for the operation type, used in the backprop code
      output_tensors: a list of Python Tensor objects output by the operation
      input_tensors: a list of input Tensors to the recorded operation
      backward_function: the function to be called to, given the gradients of the
        output tensors, produce the gradients of the input tensors. This function
        is automatically transposed to produce output gradients given input
        gradients.
      forwardprop_output_indices: indicates any output_tensors which contain JVPs.
        Typically these will have come from TFE_Py_PackForwardGradients. May be
        None or an empty sequence if there are no JVP outputs from the operation.
    """
    pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeSetRecordOperationForwardprop(
        op_type, output_tensors, input_tensors, backward_function,
        forwardprop_output_indices)
  
  
  def delete_trace(tensor_id):
    """Deletes traces for this Tensor from all tapes in the stack."""
    pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeSetDeleteTrace(tensor_id)
  
  
  def could_possibly_record():
    """Returns True if any tape is active."""
    return not pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_TapeSetIsEmpty()
  