text: // Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Conrad Sanderson
  // Copyright (C) 2008-2013 NICTA (www.nicta.com.au)
  // 
  // This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
  // License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
  // file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
  
  
  //! \addtogroup Cube
  //! @{
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::~Cube()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    delete_mat();
    
    if(mem_state == 0)
      {
      if(n_elem > Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem)
        {
        memory::release( access::rw(mem) );
        }
      }
    
    if(arma_config::debug == true)
      {
      // try to expose buggy user code that accesses deleted objects
      access::rw(mat_ptrs) = 0;
      access::rw(mem)      = 0;
      }
    
    arma_type_check(( is_supported_elem_type<eT>::value == false ));
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube()
    : n_rows(0)
    , n_cols(0)
    , n_elem_slice(0)
    , n_slices(0)
    , n_elem(0)
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    }
  
  
  
  //! construct the cube to have user specified dimensions
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(const uword in_n_rows, const uword in_n_cols, const uword in_n_slices)
    : n_rows(in_n_rows)
    , n_cols(in_n_cols)
    , n_elem_slice(in_n_rows*in_n_cols)
    , n_slices(in_n_slices)
    , n_elem(in_n_rows*in_n_cols*in_n_slices)
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    init_cold();
    }
  
  
  
  //! construct the cube to have user specified dimensions and fill with specified pattern
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename fill_type>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(const uword in_n_rows, const uword in_n_cols, const uword in_n_slices, const fill::fill_class<fill_type>&)
    : n_rows(in_n_rows)
    , n_cols(in_n_cols)
    , n_elem_slice(in_n_rows*in_n_cols)
    , n_slices(in_n_slices)
    , n_elem(in_n_rows*in_n_cols*in_n_slices)
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    init_cold();
    
    if(is_same_type<fill_type, fill::fill_zeros>::yes)  (*this).zeros();
    if(is_same_type<fill_type, fill::fill_ones >::yes)  (*this).ones();
    if(is_same_type<fill_type, fill::fill_randu>::yes)  (*this).randu();
    if(is_same_type<fill_type, fill::fill_randn>::yes)  (*this).randn();
    
    if(is_same_type<fill_type, fill::fill_eye  >::yes)  { arma_debug_check(true, "Cube::Cube(): unsupported fill type"); }
    }
  
  
  
  #if defined(ARMA_USE_CXX11)
    
    template<typename eT>
    inline
    Cube<eT>::Cube(Cube<eT>&& in_cube)
      : n_rows(0)
      , n_cols(0)
      , n_elem_slice(0)
      , n_slices(0)
      , n_elem(0)
      , mem_state(0)
      , mat_ptrs()
      , mem()
      {
      arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
      arma_extra_debug_sigprint(arma_boost::format("this = %x   in_cube = %x") % this % &in_cube);
      
      (*this).steal_mem(in_cube);
      }
      
    
    
    template<typename eT>
    inline
    const Cube<eT>&
    Cube<eT>::operator=(Cube<eT>&& in_cube)
      {
      arma_extra_debug_sigprint(arma_boost::format("this = %x   in_cube = %x") % this % &in_cube);
      
      (*this).steal_mem(in_cube);
      
      return *this;
      }
    
  #endif
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::init_cold()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint( arma_boost::format("n_rows = %d, n_cols = %d, n_slices = %d") % n_rows % n_cols % n_slices );
    
    #if (defined(ARMA_USE_CXX11) || defined(ARMA_64BIT_WORD))
      const char* error_message = "Cube::init(): requested size is too large";
    #else
      const char* error_message = "Cube::init(): requested size is too large; suggest to compile in C++11 mode or enable ARMA_64BIT_WORD";
    #endif
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
        (
        ( (n_rows > 0x0FFF) || (n_cols > 0x0FFF) || (n_slices > 0xFF) )
          ? ( (double(n_rows) * double(n_cols) * double(n_slices)) > double(ARMA_MAX_UWORD) )
          : false
        ),
      error_message
      );
    
    if(n_elem <= Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem)
      {
      arma_extra_debug_print("Cube::init(): using local memory");
      
      access::rw(mem) = mem_local;
      }
    else
      {
      arma_extra_debug_print("Cube::init(): allocating memory");
      
      access::rw(mem) = memory::acquire<eT>(n_elem);
      }
    
    
    if(n_elem == 0)
      {
      access::rw(n_rows)       = 0;
      access::rw(n_cols)       = 0;
      access::rw(n_elem_slice) = 0;
      access::rw(n_slices)     = 0;
      }
    else
      {
      create_mat();
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! internal cube construction; if the requested size is small enough, memory from the stack is used.
  //! otherwise memory is allocated via 'new'
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::init_warm(const uword in_n_rows, const uword in_n_cols, const uword in_n_slices)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint( arma_boost::format("in_n_rows = %d, in_n_cols = %d, in_n_slices = %d") % in_n_rows % in_n_cols % in_n_slices );
    
    if( (n_rows == in_n_rows) && (n_cols == in_n_cols) && (n_slices == in_n_slices) )
      {
      return;
      }
    
    const uword t_mem_state = mem_state;
    
    bool  err_state = false;
    char* err_msg   = 0;
    
    arma_debug_set_error
      (
      err_state,
      err_msg,
      (t_mem_state == 3),
      "Cube::init(): size is fixed and hence cannot be changed"
      );
    
    #if (defined(ARMA_USE_CXX11) || defined(ARMA_64BIT_WORD))
      const char* error_message = "Cube::init(): requested size is too large";
    #else
      const char* error_message = "Cube::init(): requested size is too large; suggest to compile in C++11 mode or enable ARMA_64BIT_WORD";
    #endif
    
    arma_debug_set_error
      (
      err_state,
      err_msg,
        (
        ( (in_n_rows > 0x0FFF) || (in_n_cols > 0x0FFF) || (in_n_slices > 0xFF) )
          ? ( (double(in_n_rows) * double(in_n_cols) * double(in_n_slices)) > double(ARMA_MAX_UWORD) )
          : false
        ),
      error_message
      );
    
    arma_debug_check(err_state, err_msg);
    
    const uword old_n_elem = n_elem;
    const uword new_n_elem = in_n_rows * in_n_cols * in_n_slices;
    
    if(old_n_elem == new_n_elem)
      {
      delete_mat();
      
      if(new_n_elem > 0)
        {
        access::rw(n_rows)       = in_n_rows;
        access::rw(n_cols)       = in_n_cols;
        access::rw(n_elem_slice) = in_n_rows*in_n_cols;
        access::rw(n_slices)     = in_n_slices;
        
        create_mat();
        }
      }
    else
      {
      arma_debug_check( (t_mem_state == 2), "Cube::init(): requested size is not compatible with the size of auxiliary memory" );
      
      delete_mat();
      
      if(t_mem_state == 0)
        {
        if(n_elem > Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem )
          {
          arma_extra_debug_print("Cube::init(): freeing memory");
          
          memory::release( access::rw(mem) );
          }
        }
      
      access::rw(mem_state) = 0;
      
      if(new_n_elem <= Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem)
        {
        arma_extra_debug_print("Cube::init(): using local memory");
        
        access::rw(mem) = mem_local;
        }
      else
        {
        arma_extra_debug_print("Cube::init(): allocating memory");
        
        access::rw(mem) = memory::acquire<eT>(new_n_elem);
        }
      
      if(new_n_elem > 0)
        {
        access::rw(n_rows)       = in_n_rows;
        access::rw(n_cols)       = in_n_cols;
        access::rw(n_elem_slice) = in_n_rows*in_n_cols;
        access::rw(n_slices)     = in_n_slices;
        access::rw(n_elem)       = new_n_elem;
        
        create_mat();
        }
      }
    
    
    if(new_n_elem == 0)
      {
      access::rw(n_rows)       = 0;
      access::rw(n_cols)       = 0;
      access::rw(n_elem_slice) = 0;
      access::rw(n_slices)     = 0;
      access::rw(n_elem)       = 0;
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! for constructing a complex cube out of two non-complex cubes
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::init
    (
    const BaseCube<typename Cube<eT>::pod_type,T1>& X,
    const BaseCube<typename Cube<eT>::pod_type,T2>& Y
    )
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    typedef typename T1::elem_type T;
    
    arma_type_check(( is_complex<eT>::value == false ));   //!< compile-time abort if eT is not std::complex
    arma_type_check(( is_complex< T>::value == true  ));   //!< compile-time abort if  T is     std::complex
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< std::complex<T>, eT >::no ));   //!< compile-time abort if types are not compatible
    
    const ProxyCube<T1> PX(X.get_ref());
    const ProxyCube<T2> PY(Y.get_ref());
    
    arma_debug_assert_same_size(PX, PY, "Cube()");
    
    const uword local_n_rows   = PX.get_n_rows();
    const uword local_n_cols   = PX.get_n_cols();
    const uword local_n_slices = PX.get_n_slices();
    
    init_warm(local_n_rows, local_n_cols, local_n_slices);
    
    eT* out_mem = (*this).memptr();
    
    const bool prefer_at_accessor = ( ProxyCube<T1>::prefer_at_accessor || ProxyCube<T2>::prefer_at_accessor );
    
    if(prefer_at_accessor == false)
      {
      typedef typename ProxyCube<T1>::ea_type ea_type1;
      typedef typename ProxyCube<T2>::ea_type ea_type2;
      
      const uword N = n_elem;
      
      ea_type1 A = PX.get_ea();
      ea_type2 B = PY.get_ea();
          
      for(uword i=0; i<N; ++i)
        {
        out_mem[i] = std::complex<T>(A[i], B[i]);
        }
      }
    else
      {
      for(uword uslice = 0; uslice < local_n_slices; ++uslice)
      for(uword ucol   = 0;   ucol < local_n_cols;   ++ucol  )
      for(uword urow   = 0;   urow < local_n_rows;   ++urow  )
        {
        *out_mem = std::complex<T>( PX.at(urow,ucol,uslice), PY.at(urow,ucol,uslice) );
        out_mem++;
        }
      }
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::delete_mat()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    for(uword uslice = 0; uslice < n_slices; ++uslice)
      {
      delete access::rw(mat_ptrs[uslice]);
      }
    
    if(mem_state <= 2)
      {
      if(n_slices > Cube_prealloc::mat_ptrs_size)
        {
        delete [] mat_ptrs;
        }
      }
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::create_mat()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    if(mem_state <= 2)
      {
      if(n_slices <= Cube_prealloc::mat_ptrs_size)
        {
        access::rw(mat_ptrs) = const_cast< const Mat<eT>** >(mat_ptrs_local);
        }
      else
        {
        access::rw(mat_ptrs) = new(std::nothrow) const Mat<eT>*[n_slices];
        
        arma_check_bad_alloc( (mat_ptrs == 0), "Cube::create_mat(): out of memory" );
        }
      }
    
    for(uword uslice = 0; uslice < n_slices; ++uslice)
      {
      mat_ptrs[uslice] = new Mat<eT>('j', slice_memptr(uslice), n_rows, n_cols);
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! Set the cube to be equal to the specified scalar.
  //! NOTE: the size of the cube will be 1x1x1
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator=(const eT val)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    init_warm(1,1,1);
    access::rw(mem[0]) = val;
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! In-place addition of a scalar to all elements of the cube
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator+=(const eT val)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arrayops::inplace_plus( memptr(), val, n_elem );
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! In-place subtraction of a scalar from all elements of the cube
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator-=(const eT val)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arrayops::inplace_minus( memptr(), val, n_elem );
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! In-place multiplication of all elements of the cube with a scalar
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator*=(const eT val)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arrayops::inplace_mul( memptr(), val, n_elem );
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! In-place division of all elements of the cube with a scalar
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator/=(const eT val)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arrayops::inplace_div( memptr(), val, n_elem );
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! construct a cube from a given cube
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(const Cube<eT>& x)
    : n_rows(x.n_rows)
    , n_cols(x.n_cols)
    , n_elem_slice(x.n_elem_slice)
    , n_slices(x.n_slices)
    , n_elem(x.n_elem)
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint(arma_boost::format("this = %x   in_cube = %x") % this % &x);
    
    init_cold();
    
    arrayops::copy( memptr(), x.mem, n_elem );
    }
  
  
  
  //! construct a cube from a given cube
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator=(const Cube<eT>& x)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint(arma_boost::format("this = %x   in_cube = %x") % this % &x);
    
    if(this != &x)
      {
      init_warm(x.n_rows, x.n_cols, x.n_slices);
      
      arrayops::copy( memptr(), x.mem, n_elem );
      }
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! construct a cube from a given auxiliary array of eTs.
  //! if copy_aux_mem is true, new memory is allocated and the array is copied.
  //! if copy_aux_mem is false, the auxiliary array is used directly (without allocating memory and copying).
  //! note that in the latter case 
  //! the default is to copy the array.
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(eT* aux_mem, const uword aux_n_rows, const uword aux_n_cols, const uword aux_n_slices, const bool copy_aux_mem, const bool strict)
    : n_rows      ( aux_n_rows                          )
    , n_cols      ( aux_n_cols                          )
    , n_elem_slice( aux_n_rows*aux_n_cols               )
    , n_slices    ( aux_n_slices                        )
    , n_elem      ( aux_n_rows*aux_n_cols*aux_n_slices  )
    , mem_state   ( copy_aux_mem ? 0 : (strict ? 2 : 1) )
    , mat_ptrs    ( 0                                   )
    , mem         ( copy_aux_mem ? 0 : aux_mem          )
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    if(copy_aux_mem == true)
      {
      init_cold();
      
      arrayops::copy( memptr(), aux_mem, n_elem );
      }
    else
      {
      create_mat();
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! construct a cube from a given auxiliary read-only array of eTs.
  //! the array is copied.
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(const eT* aux_mem, const uword aux_n_rows, const uword aux_n_cols, const uword aux_n_slices)
    : n_rows(aux_n_rows)
    , n_cols(aux_n_cols)
    , n_elem_slice(aux_n_rows*aux_n_cols)
    , n_slices(aux_n_slices)
    , n_elem(aux_n_rows*aux_n_cols*aux_n_slices)
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    init_cold();
    
    arrayops::copy( memptr(), aux_mem, n_elem );
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube addition
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator+=(const Cube<eT>& m)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_assert_same_size(*this, m, "addition");
    
    arrayops::inplace_plus( memptr(), m.memptr(), n_elem );
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube subtraction
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator-=(const Cube<eT>& m)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_assert_same_size(*this, m, "subtraction");
    
    arrayops::inplace_minus( memptr(), m.memptr(), n_elem );
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place element-wise cube multiplication
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator%=(const Cube<eT>& m)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_assert_same_size(*this, m, "element-wise multiplication");
    
    arrayops::inplace_mul( memptr(), m.memptr(), n_elem );
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place element-wise cube division
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator/=(const Cube<eT>& m)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_assert_same_size(*this, m, "element-wise division");
    
    arrayops::inplace_div( memptr(), m.memptr(), n_elem );
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! for constructing a complex cube out of two non-complex cubes
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube
    (
    const BaseCube<typename Cube<eT>::pod_type,T1>& A,
    const BaseCube<typename Cube<eT>::pod_type,T2>& B
    )
    : n_rows(0)
    , n_cols(0)
    , n_elem_slice(0)
    , n_slices(0)
    , n_elem(0)
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    init(A,B);
    }
  
  
  
  //! construct a cube from a subview_cube instance (e.g. construct a cube from a delayed subcube operation)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
    : n_rows(X.n_rows)
    , n_cols(X.n_cols)
    , n_elem_slice(X.n_elem_slice)
    , n_slices(X.n_slices)
    , n_elem(X.n_elem)
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    init_cold();
    
    subview_cube<eT>::extract(*this, X);
    }
  
  
  
  //! construct a cube from a subview_cube instance (e.g. construct a cube from a delayed subcube operation)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator=(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const bool alias = (this == &(X.m));
    
    if(alias == false)
      {
      init_warm(X.n_rows, X.n_cols, X.n_slices);
      
      subview_cube<eT>::extract(*this, X);
      }
    else
      {
      Cube<eT> tmp(X);
      
      steal_mem(tmp);
      }
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube addition (using a subcube on the right-hand-side)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator+=(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    subview_cube<eT>::plus_inplace(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube subtraction (using a subcube on the right-hand-side)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator-=(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    subview_cube<eT>::minus_inplace(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place element-wise cube mutiplication (using a subcube on the right-hand-side)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator%=(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    subview_cube<eT>::schur_inplace(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place element-wise cube division (using a subcube on the right-hand-side)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator/=(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    subview_cube<eT>::div_inplace(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! provide the reference to the matrix representing a single slice
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  Mat<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::slice(const uword in_slice)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_slice >= n_slices),
      "Cube::slice(): index out of bounds"
      );
    
    return const_cast< Mat<eT>& >( *(mat_ptrs[in_slice]) );
    }
  
  
  
  //! provide the reference to the matrix representing a single slice
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const Mat<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::slice(const uword in_slice) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_slice >= n_slices),
      "Cube::slice(): index out of bounds"
      );
     
    return *(mat_ptrs[in_slice]);
    }
  
  
  
  //! creation of subview_cube (subcube comprised of specified slices)
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::slices(const uword in_slice1, const uword in_slice2)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_slice1 > in_slice2) || (in_slice2 >= n_slices),
      "Cube::slices(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
      );
    
    const uword subcube_n_slices = in_slice2 - in_slice1 + 1;
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, 0, 0, in_slice1, n_rows, n_cols, subcube_n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  //! creation of subview_cube (subcube comprised of specified slices)
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::slices(const uword in_slice1, const uword in_slice2) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_slice1 > in_slice2) || (in_slice2 >= n_slices),
      "Cube::rows(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
      );
    
    const uword subcube_n_slices = in_slice2 - in_slice1 + 1;
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, 0, 0, in_slice1, n_rows, n_cols, subcube_n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  //! creation of subview_cube (generic subcube)
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::subcube(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_slice1, const uword in_row2, const uword in_col2, const uword in_slice2)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_row1 >  in_row2) || (in_col1 >  in_col2) || (in_slice1 >  in_slice2) ||
      (in_row2 >= n_rows)  || (in_col2 >= n_cols)  || (in_slice2 >= n_slices),
      "Cube::subcube(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
      );
    
    const uword subcube_n_rows   = in_row2   - in_row1   + 1;
    const uword subcube_n_cols   = in_col2   - in_col1   + 1;
    const uword subcube_n_slices = in_slice2 - in_slice1 + 1;
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, in_slice1, subcube_n_rows, subcube_n_cols, subcube_n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  //! creation of subview_cube (generic subcube)
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::subcube(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_slice1, const uword in_row2, const uword in_col2, const uword in_slice2) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_row1 >  in_row2) || (in_col1 >  in_col2) || (in_slice1 >  in_slice2) ||
      (in_row2 >= n_rows)  || (in_col2 >= n_cols)  || (in_slice2 >= n_slices),
      "Cube::subcube(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
      );
      
    const uword subcube_n_rows   = in_row2   - in_row1   + 1;
    const uword subcube_n_cols   = in_col2   - in_col1   + 1;
    const uword subcube_n_slices = in_slice2 - in_slice1 + 1;
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, in_slice1, subcube_n_rows, subcube_n_cols, subcube_n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  //! creation of subview_cube (generic subcube)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::subcube(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_slice1, const SizeCube& s)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const uword l_n_rows   = n_rows;
    const uword l_n_cols   = n_cols;
    const uword l_n_slices = n_slices;
    
    const uword s_n_rows   = s.n_rows;
    const uword s_n_cols   = s.n_cols;
    const uword s_n_slices = s.n_slices;
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
         ( in_row1             >= l_n_rows) || ( in_col1             >= l_n_cols) || ( in_slice1               >= l_n_slices)
      || ((in_row1 + s_n_rows) >  l_n_rows) || ((in_col1 + s_n_cols) >  l_n_cols) || ((in_slice1 + s_n_slices) >  l_n_slices),
      "Cube::subcube(): indices or size out of bounds"
      );
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, in_slice1, s_n_rows, s_n_cols, s_n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  //! creation of subview_cube (generic subcube)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::subcube(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_slice1, const SizeCube& s) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const uword l_n_rows   = n_rows;
    const uword l_n_cols   = n_cols;
    const uword l_n_slices = n_slices;
    
    const uword s_n_rows   = s.n_rows;
    const uword s_n_cols   = s.n_cols;
    const uword s_n_slices = s.n_slices;
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
         ( in_row1             >= l_n_rows) || ( in_col1             >= l_n_cols) || ( in_slice1               >= l_n_slices)
      || ((in_row1 + s_n_rows) >  l_n_rows) || ((in_col1 + s_n_cols) >  l_n_cols) || ((in_slice1 + s_n_slices) >  l_n_slices),
      "Cube::subcube(): indices or size out of bounds"
      );
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, in_slice1, s_n_rows, s_n_cols, s_n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  //! creation of subview_cube (generic subcube)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::subcube(const span& row_span, const span& col_span, const span& slice_span)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const bool row_all   = row_span.whole;
    const bool col_all   = col_span.whole;
    const bool slice_all = slice_span.whole;
    
    const uword local_n_rows   = n_rows;
    const uword local_n_cols   = n_cols;
    const uword local_n_slices = n_slices;
    
    const uword in_row1          = row_all   ? 0              : row_span.a;
    const uword in_row2          =                              row_span.b;
    const uword subcube_n_rows   = row_all   ? local_n_rows   : in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
    
    const uword in_col1          = col_all   ? 0              : col_span.a;
    const uword in_col2          =                              col_span.b;
    const uword subcube_n_cols   = col_all   ? local_n_cols   : in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
    
    const uword in_slice1        = slice_all ? 0              : slice_span.a;
    const uword in_slice2        =                              slice_span.b;
    const uword subcube_n_slices = slice_all ? local_n_slices : in_slice2 - in_slice1 + 1;
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      ( row_all   ? false : ((in_row1   >  in_row2)   || (in_row2   >= local_n_rows))   )
      ||
      ( col_all   ? false : ((in_col1   >  in_col2)   || (in_col2   >= local_n_cols))   )
      ||
      ( slice_all ? false : ((in_slice1 >  in_slice2) || (in_slice2 >= local_n_slices)) )
      ,
      "Cube::subcube(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
      );
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, in_slice1, subcube_n_rows, subcube_n_cols, subcube_n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  //! creation of subview_cube (generic subcube)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::subcube(const span& row_span, const span& col_span, const span& slice_span) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const bool row_all   = row_span.whole;
    const bool col_all   = col_span.whole;
    const bool slice_all = slice_span.whole;
    
    const uword local_n_rows   = n_rows;
    const uword local_n_cols   = n_cols;
    const uword local_n_slices = n_slices;
    
    const uword in_row1          = row_all   ? 0              : row_span.a;
    const uword in_row2          =                              row_span.b;
    const uword subcube_n_rows   = row_all   ? local_n_rows   : in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
    
    const uword in_col1          = col_all   ? 0              : col_span.a;
    const uword in_col2          =                              col_span.b;
    const uword subcube_n_cols   = col_all   ? local_n_cols   : in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
    
    const uword in_slice1        = slice_all ? 0              : slice_span.a;
    const uword in_slice2        =                              slice_span.b;
    const uword subcube_n_slices = slice_all ? local_n_slices : in_slice2 - in_slice1 + 1;
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      ( row_all   ? false : ((in_row1   >  in_row2)   || (in_row2   >= local_n_rows))   )
      ||
      ( col_all   ? false : ((in_col1   >  in_col2)   || (in_col2   >= local_n_cols))   )
      ||
      ( slice_all ? false : ((in_slice1 >  in_slice2) || (in_slice2 >= local_n_slices)) )
      ,
      "Cube::subcube(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
      );
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, in_slice1, subcube_n_rows, subcube_n_cols, subcube_n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::operator()(const span& row_span, const span& col_span, const span& slice_span)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return (*this).subcube(row_span, col_span, slice_span);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::operator()(const span& row_span, const span& col_span, const span& slice_span) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return (*this).subcube(row_span, col_span, slice_span);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::operator()(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_slice1, const SizeCube& s)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return (*this).subcube(in_row1, in_col1, in_slice1, s);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::operator()(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_slice1, const SizeCube& s) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return (*this).subcube(in_row1, in_col1, in_slice1, s);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::tube(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      ((in_row1 >= n_rows) || (in_col1 >= n_cols)),
      "Cube::tube(): indices out of bounds"
      );
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, 0, 1, 1, n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::tube(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      ((in_row1 >= n_rows) || (in_col1 >= n_cols)),
      "Cube::tube(): indices out of bounds"
      );
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, 0, 1, 1, n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::tube(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_row2, const uword in_col2)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_row1 >  in_row2) || (in_col1 >  in_col2) ||
      (in_row2 >= n_rows)  || (in_col2 >= n_cols),
      "Cube::tube(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
      );
    
    const uword subcube_n_rows = in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
    const uword subcube_n_cols = in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, 0, subcube_n_rows, subcube_n_cols, n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::tube(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_row2, const uword in_col2) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_row1 >  in_row2) || (in_col1 >  in_col2) ||
      (in_row2 >= n_rows)  || (in_col2 >= n_cols),
      "Cube::tube(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
      );
    
    const uword subcube_n_rows = in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
    const uword subcube_n_cols = in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, 0, subcube_n_rows, subcube_n_cols, n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::tube(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const SizeMat& s)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const uword l_n_rows = n_rows;
    const uword l_n_cols = n_cols;
    
    const uword s_n_rows = s.n_rows;
    const uword s_n_cols = s.n_cols;
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      ((in_row1 >= l_n_rows) || (in_col1 >= l_n_cols) || ((in_row1 + s_n_rows) > l_n_rows) || ((in_col1 + s_n_cols) > l_n_cols)),
      "Cube::tube(): indices or size out of bounds"
      );
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, 0, s_n_rows, s_n_cols, n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::tube(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const SizeMat& s) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const uword l_n_rows = n_rows;
    const uword l_n_cols = n_cols;
    
    const uword s_n_rows = s.n_rows;
    const uword s_n_cols = s.n_cols;
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      ((in_row1 >= l_n_rows) || (in_col1 >= l_n_cols) || ((in_row1 + s_n_rows) > l_n_rows) || ((in_col1 + s_n_cols) > l_n_cols)),
      "Cube::tube(): indices or size out of bounds"
      );
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, 0, s_n_rows, s_n_cols, n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::tube(const span& row_span, const span& col_span)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const bool row_all = row_span.whole;
    const bool col_all = col_span.whole;
    
    const uword local_n_rows   = n_rows;
    const uword local_n_cols   = n_cols;
    
    const uword in_row1        = row_all   ? 0            : row_span.a;
    const uword in_row2        =                            row_span.b;
    const uword subcube_n_rows = row_all   ? local_n_rows : in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
    
    const uword in_col1        = col_all   ? 0            : col_span.a;
    const uword in_col2        =                            col_span.b;
    const uword subcube_n_cols = col_all   ? local_n_cols : in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      ( row_all ? false : ((in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_row2 >= local_n_rows)) )
      ||
      ( col_all ? false : ((in_col1 > in_col2) || (in_col2 >= local_n_cols)) )
      ,
      "Cube::tube(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
      );
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, 0, subcube_n_rows, subcube_n_cols, n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const subview_cube<eT>
  Cube<eT>::tube(const span& row_span, const span& col_span) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const bool row_all = row_span.whole;
    const bool col_all = col_span.whole;
    
    const uword local_n_rows   = n_rows;
    const uword local_n_cols   = n_cols;
    
    const uword in_row1        = row_all   ? 0            : row_span.a;
    const uword in_row2        =                            row_span.b;
    const uword subcube_n_rows = row_all   ? local_n_rows : in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
    
    const uword in_col1        = col_all   ? 0            : col_span.a;
    const uword in_col2        =                            col_span.b;
    const uword subcube_n_cols = col_all   ? local_n_cols : in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      ( row_all ? false : ((in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_row2 >= local_n_rows)) )
      ||
      ( col_all ? false : ((in_col1 > in_col2) || (in_col2 >= local_n_cols)) )
      ,
      "Cube::tube(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
      );
    
    return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, 0, subcube_n_rows, subcube_n_cols, n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1>
  arma_inline
  subview_elem1<eT,T1>
  Cube<eT>::elem(const Base<uword,T1>& a)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return subview_elem1<eT,T1>(*this, a);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1>
  arma_inline
  const subview_elem1<eT,T1>
  Cube<eT>::elem(const Base<uword,T1>& a) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return subview_elem1<eT,T1>(*this, a);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1>
  arma_inline
  subview_elem1<eT,T1>
  Cube<eT>::operator()(const Base<uword,T1>& a)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return subview_elem1<eT,T1>(*this, a);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1>
  arma_inline
  const subview_elem1<eT,T1>
  Cube<eT>::operator()(const Base<uword,T1>& a) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return subview_elem1<eT,T1>(*this, a);
    }
  
  
  
  //! remove specified slice
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::shed_slice(const uword slice_num)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check( slice_num >= n_slices, "Cube::shed_slice(): index out of bounds");
    
    shed_slices(slice_num, slice_num);
    }
  
  
  
  //! remove specified slices
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::shed_slices(const uword in_slice1, const uword in_slice2)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_slice1 > in_slice2) || (in_slice2 >= n_slices),
      "Cube::shed_slices(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
      );
    
    const uword n_keep_front = in_slice1;
    const uword n_keep_back  = n_slices - (in_slice2 + 1);
    
    Cube<eT> X(n_rows, n_cols, n_keep_front + n_keep_back);
    
    if(n_keep_front > 0)
      {
      X.slices( 0, (n_keep_front-1) ) = slices( 0, (in_slice1-1) );
      }
    
    if(n_keep_back > 0)
      {
      X.slices( n_keep_front,  (n_keep_front+n_keep_back-1) ) = slices( (in_slice2+1), (n_slices-1) );
      }
    
    steal_mem(X);
    }
  
  
  
  //! insert N slices at the specified slice position,
  //! optionally setting the elements of the inserted slices to zero
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::insert_slices(const uword slice_num, const uword N, const bool set_to_zero)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const uword t_n_slices = n_slices;
    
    const uword A_n_slices = slice_num;
    const uword B_n_slices = t_n_slices - slice_num;
    
    // insertion at slice_num == n_slices is in effect an append operation
    arma_debug_check( (slice_num > t_n_slices), "Cube::insert_slices(): index out of bounds");
    
    if(N > 0)
      {
      Cube<eT> out(n_rows, n_cols, t_n_slices + N);
      
      if(A_n_slices > 0)
        {
        out.slices(0, A_n_slices-1) = slices(0, A_n_slices-1);
        }
      
      if(B_n_slices > 0)
        {
        out.slices(slice_num + N, t_n_slices + N - 1) = slices(slice_num, t_n_slices-1);
        }
      
      if(set_to_zero == true)
        {
        //out.slices(slice_num, slice_num + N - 1).zeros();
        
        for(uword i=slice_num; i < (slice_num + N); ++i)
          {
          out.slice(i).zeros();
          }
        }
      
      steal_mem(out);
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! insert the given object at the specified slice position; 
  //! the given object must have the same number of rows and columns as the cube
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::insert_slices(const uword slice_num, const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const unwrap_cube<T1> tmp(X.get_ref());
    const Cube<eT>& C   = tmp.M;
    
    const uword N = C.n_slices;
    
    const uword t_n_slices = n_slices;
    
    const uword A_n_slices = slice_num;
    const uword B_n_slices = t_n_slices - slice_num;
    
    // insertion at slice_num == n_slices is in effect an append operation
    arma_debug_check( (slice_num  >  t_n_slices), "Cube::insert_slices(): index out of bounds");
    
    arma_debug_check
      (
      ( (C.n_rows != n_rows) || (C.n_cols != n_cols) ),
      "Cube::insert_slices(): given object has incompatible dimensions"
      );
    
    if(N > 0)
      {
      Cube<eT> out(n_rows, n_cols, t_n_slices + N);
      
      if(A_n_slices > 0)
        {
        out.slices(0, A_n_slices-1) = slices(0, A_n_slices-1);
        }
      
      if(B_n_slices > 0)
        {
        out.slices(slice_num + N, t_n_slices + N - 1) = slices(slice_num, t_n_slices - 1);
        }
      
      out.slices(slice_num, slice_num + N - 1) = C;
      
      steal_mem(out);
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! create a cube from OpCube, i.e. run the previously delayed unary operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename gen_type>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(const GenCube<eT, gen_type>& X)
    : n_rows(X.n_rows)
    , n_cols(X.n_cols)
    , n_elem_slice(X.n_rows*X.n_cols)
    , n_slices(X.n_slices)
    , n_elem(X.n_rows*X.n_cols*X.n_slices)
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    init_cold();
    
    X.apply(*this);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename gen_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator=(const GenCube<eT, gen_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    init_warm(X.n_rows, X.n_cols, X.n_slices);
    
    X.apply(*this);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename gen_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator+=(const GenCube<eT, gen_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    X.apply_inplace_plus(*this);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename gen_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator-=(const GenCube<eT, gen_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    X.apply_inplace_minus(*this);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename gen_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator%=(const GenCube<eT, gen_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    X.apply_inplace_schur(*this);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename gen_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator/=(const GenCube<eT, gen_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    X.apply_inplace_div(*this);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! create a cube from OpCube, i.e. run the previously delayed unary operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename op_type>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(const OpCube<T1, op_type>& X)
    : n_rows(0)
    , n_cols(0)
    , n_elem_slice(0)
    , n_slices(0)
    , n_elem(0)
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
  
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    
    op_type::apply(*this, X);
    }
  
  
  
  //! create a cube from OpCube, i.e. run the previously delayed unary operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename op_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator=(const OpCube<T1, op_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
  
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    
    op_type::apply(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube addition, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename op_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator+=(const OpCube<T1, op_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator+=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube subtraction, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename op_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator-=(const OpCube<T1, op_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator-=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube element-wise multiplication, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename op_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator%=(const OpCube<T1, op_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator%=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube element-wise division, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename op_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator/=(const OpCube<T1, op_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator/=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! create a cube from eOpCube, i.e. run the previously delayed unary operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(const eOpCube<T1, eop_type>& X)
    : n_rows(X.get_n_rows())
    , n_cols(X.get_n_cols())
    , n_elem_slice(X.get_n_elem_slice())
    , n_slices(X.get_n_slices())
    , n_elem(X.get_n_elem())
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    
    init_cold();
    
    eop_type::apply(*this, X);
    }
  
  
  
  //! create a cube from eOpCube, i.e. run the previously delayed unary operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator=(const eOpCube<T1, eop_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    
    const bool bad_alias = ( X.P.has_subview  &&  X.P.is_alias(*this) );
    
    if(bad_alias == false)
      {
      init_warm(X.get_n_rows(), X.get_n_cols(), X.get_n_slices());
      
      eop_type::apply(*this, X);
      }
    else
      {
      Cube<eT> tmp(X);
      
      steal_mem(tmp);
      }
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube addition, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator+=(const eOpCube<T1, eop_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    
    eop_type::apply_inplace_plus(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube subtraction, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator-=(const eOpCube<T1, eop_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    
    eop_type::apply_inplace_minus(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube element-wise multiplication, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator%=(const eOpCube<T1, eop_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
  
    eop_type::apply_inplace_schur(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube element-wise division, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator/=(const eOpCube<T1, eop_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
  
    eop_type::apply_inplace_div(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! EXPERIMENTAL
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename op_type>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(const mtOpCube<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
    : n_rows(0)
    , n_cols(0)
    , n_elem_slice(0)
    , n_slices(0)
    , n_elem(0)
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    op_type::apply(*this, X);
    }
  
  
  
  //! EXPERIMENTAL
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename op_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator=(const mtOpCube<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    op_type::apply(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! EXPERIMENTAL
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename op_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator+=(const mtOpCube<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator+=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! EXPERIMENTAL
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename op_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator-=(const mtOpCube<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator-=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! EXPERIMENTAL
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename op_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator%=(const mtOpCube<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator%=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! EXPERIMENTAL
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename op_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator/=(const mtOpCube<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator/=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! create a cube from Glue, i.e. run the previously delayed binary operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(const GlueCube<T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
    : n_rows(0)
    , n_cols(0)
    , n_elem_slice(0)
    , n_slices(0)
    , n_elem(0)
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    this->operator=(X);
    }
  
  
  
  //! create a cube from Glue, i.e. run the previously delayed binary operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator=(const GlueCube<T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
    
    glue_type::apply(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  //! in-place cube addition, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator+=(const GlueCube<T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator+=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube subtraction, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator-=(const GlueCube<T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator-=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube element-wise multiplication, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator%=(const GlueCube<T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator%=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube element-wise division, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator/=(const GlueCube<T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator/=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! create a cube from eGlue, i.e. run the previously delayed binary operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(const eGlueCube<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
    : n_rows(X.get_n_rows())
    , n_cols(X.get_n_cols())
    , n_elem_slice(X.get_n_elem_slice())
    , n_slices(X.get_n_slices())
    , n_elem(X.get_n_elem())
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
    
    init_cold();
    
    eglue_type::apply(*this, X);
    }
  
  
  
  //! create a cube from Glue, i.e. run the previously delayed binary operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator=(const eGlueCube<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
    
    const bool bad_alias = ( (X.P1.has_subview  &&  X.P1.is_alias(*this))  ||  (X.P2.has_subview  &&  X.P2.is_alias(*this)) );
    
    if(bad_alias == false)
      {
      init_warm(X.get_n_rows(), X.get_n_cols(), X.get_n_slices());
      
      eglue_type::apply(*this, X);
      }
    else
      {
      Cube<eT> tmp(X);
      
      steal_mem(tmp);
      }
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube addition, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator+=(const eGlueCube<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
    
    eglue_type::apply_inplace_plus(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube subtraction, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator-=(const eGlueCube<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
    
    eglue_type::apply_inplace_minus(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube element-wise multiplication, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator%=(const eGlueCube<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
    
    eglue_type::apply_inplace_schur(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! in-place cube element-wise division, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator/=(const eGlueCube<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
    arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
    
    eglue_type::apply_inplace_div(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! EXPERIMENTAL
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::Cube(const mtGlueCube<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
    : n_rows(0)
    , n_cols(0)
    , n_elem_slice(0)
    , n_slices(0)
    , n_elem(0)
    , mem_state(0)
    , mat_ptrs()
    , mem()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    glue_type::apply(*this, X);
    }
  
  
  
  //! EXPERIMENTAL
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator=(const mtGlueCube<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    glue_type::apply(*this, X);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! EXPERIMENTAL
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator+=(const mtGlueCube<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator+=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! EXPERIMENTAL
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator-=(const mtGlueCube<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator-=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! EXPERIMENTAL
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator%=(const mtGlueCube<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator%=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! EXPERIMENTAL
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator/=(const mtGlueCube<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const Cube<eT> m(X);
    
    return (*this).operator/=(m);
    }
  
  
  
  //! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); no bounds check; assumes memory is aligned
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT&
  Cube<eT>::at_alt(const uword i) const
    {
    const eT* mem_aligned = mem;
    memory::mark_as_aligned(mem_aligned);
    
    return mem_aligned[i];
    }
  
  
  
  //! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); bounds checking not done when ARMA_NO_DEBUG is defined
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT&
  Cube<eT>::operator() (const uword i)
    {
    arma_debug_check( (i >= n_elem), "Cube::operator(): index out of bounds");
    return access::rw(mem[i]);
    }
  
  
  
  //! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); bounds checking not done when ARMA_NO_DEBUG is defined
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT&
  Cube<eT>::operator() (const uword i) const
    {
    arma_debug_check( (i >= n_elem), "Cube::operator(): index out of bounds");
    return mem[i];
    }
  
  
  //! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); no bounds check.  
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT&
  Cube<eT>::operator[] (const uword i)
    {
    return access::rw(mem[i]);
    }
  
  
  
  //! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); no bounds check
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT&
  Cube<eT>::operator[] (const uword i) const
    {
    return mem[i];
    }
  
  
  
  //! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); no bounds check.  
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT&
  Cube<eT>::at(const uword i)
    {
    return access::rw(mem[i]);
    }
  
  
  
  //! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); no bounds check
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT&
  Cube<eT>::at(const uword i) const
    {
    return mem[i];
    }
  
  
  
  //! element accessor; bounds checking not done when ARMA_NO_DEBUG is defined
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT&
  Cube<eT>::operator() (const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice)
    {
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_row >= n_rows) ||
      (in_col >= n_cols) ||
      (in_slice >= n_slices)
      ,
      "Cube::operator(): index out of bounds"
      );
  
    return access::rw(mem[in_slice*n_elem_slice + in_col*n_rows + in_row]);
    }
  
  
  
  //! element accessor; bounds checking not done when ARMA_NO_DEBUG is defined
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT&
  Cube<eT>::operator() (const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice) const
    {
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_row >= n_rows) ||
      (in_col >= n_cols) ||
      (in_slice >= n_slices)
      ,
      "Cube::operator(): index out of bounds"
      );
  
    return mem[in_slice*n_elem_slice + in_col*n_rows + in_row];
    }
  
  
  
  //! element accessor; no bounds check
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT&
  Cube<eT>::at(const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice)
    {
    return access::rw( mem[in_slice*n_elem_slice + in_col*n_rows + in_row] );
    }
  
  
  
  //! element accessor; no bounds check
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT&
  Cube<eT>::at(const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice) const
    {
    return mem[in_slice*n_elem_slice + in_col*n_rows + in_row];
    }
  
  
  
  //! prefix ++
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator++()
    {
    Cube_aux::prefix_pp(*this);
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! postfix ++  (must not return the object by reference)
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::operator++(int)
    {
    Cube_aux::postfix_pp(*this);
    }
  
  
  
  //! prefix --
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::operator--()
    {
    Cube_aux::prefix_mm(*this);
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! postfix --  (must not return the object by reference)
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::operator--(int)
    {
    Cube_aux::postfix_mm(*this);
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns true if all of the elements are finite
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  bool
  Cube<eT>::is_finite() const
    {
    return arrayops::is_finite( memptr(), n_elem );
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns true if the cube has no elements
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  bool
  Cube<eT>::is_empty() const
    {
    return (n_elem == 0);
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns true if the given index is currently in range
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  bool
  Cube<eT>::in_range(const uword i) const
    {
    return (i < n_elem);
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns true if the given start and end indices are currently in range
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  bool
  Cube<eT>::in_range(const span& x) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    if(x.whole == true)
      {
      return true;
      }
    else
      {
      const uword a = x.a;
      const uword b = x.b;
      
      return ( (a <= b) && (b < n_elem) );
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns true if the given location is currently in range
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  bool
  Cube<eT>::in_range(const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice) const
    {
    return ( (in_row < n_rows) && (in_col < n_cols) && (in_slice < n_slices) );
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  arma_warn_unused
  bool
  Cube<eT>::in_range(const span& row_span, const span& col_span, const span& slice_span) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const uword in_row1   = row_span.a;
    const uword in_row2   = row_span.b;
    
    const uword in_col1   = col_span.a;
    const uword in_col2   = col_span.b;
    
    const uword in_slice1 = slice_span.a;
    const uword in_slice2 = slice_span.b;
    
    
    const bool rows_ok   = row_span.whole   ? true : ( (in_row1   <= in_row2)   && (in_row2   < n_rows)   );
    const bool cols_ok   = col_span.whole   ? true : ( (in_col1   <= in_col2)   && (in_col2   < n_cols)   );
    const bool slices_ok = slice_span.whole ? true : ( (in_slice1 <= in_slice2) && (in_slice2 < n_slices) );
    
    
    return ( (rows_ok == true) && (cols_ok == true) && (slices_ok == true) );
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  arma_warn_unused
  bool
  Cube<eT>::in_range(const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice, const SizeCube& s) const
    {
    const uword l_n_rows   = n_rows;
    const uword l_n_cols   = n_cols;
    const uword l_n_slices = n_slices;
    
    if(
         ( in_row             >= l_n_rows) || ( in_col             >= l_n_cols) || ( in_slice               >= l_n_slices)
      || ((in_row + s.n_rows) >  l_n_rows) || ((in_col + s.n_cols) >  l_n_cols) || ((in_slice + s.n_slices) >  l_n_slices)
      )
      {
      return false;
      }
    else
      {
      return true;
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns a pointer to array of eTs used by the cube
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT*
  Cube<eT>::memptr()
    {
    return const_cast<eT*>(mem);
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns a pointer to array of eTs used by the cube
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT*
  Cube<eT>::memptr() const
    {
    return mem;
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns a pointer to array of eTs used by the specified slice in the cube
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT*
  Cube<eT>::slice_memptr(const uword uslice)
    {
    return const_cast<eT*>( &mem[ uslice*n_elem_slice ] );
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns a pointer to array of eTs used by the specified slice in the cube
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT*
  Cube<eT>::slice_memptr(const uword uslice) const
    {
    return &mem[ uslice*n_elem_slice ];
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns a pointer to array of eTs used by the specified slice in the cube
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT*
  Cube<eT>::slice_colptr(const uword uslice, const uword col)
    {
    return const_cast<eT*>( &mem[ uslice*n_elem_slice + col*n_rows] );
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns a pointer to array of eTs used by the specified slice in the cube
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT*
  Cube<eT>::slice_colptr(const uword uslice, const uword col) const
    {
    return &mem[ uslice*n_elem_slice + col*n_rows ];
    }
  
  
  
  //! print contents of the cube (to the cout stream),
  //! optionally preceding with a user specified line of text.
  //! the precision and cell width are modified.
  //! on return, the stream's state are restored to their original values.
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::impl_print(const std::string& extra_text) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    if(extra_text.length() != 0)
      {
      ARMA_DEFAULT_OSTREAM << extra_text << '\n';
      }
    
    arma_ostream::print(ARMA_DEFAULT_OSTREAM, *this, true);
    }
  
  
  //! print contents of the cube to a user specified stream,
  //! optionally preceding with a user specified line of text.
  //! the precision and cell width are modified.
  //! on return, the stream's state are restored to their original values.
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::impl_print(std::ostream& user_stream, const std::string& extra_text) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    if(extra_text.length() != 0)
      {
      user_stream << extra_text << '\n';
      }
    
    arma_ostream::print(user_stream, *this, true);
    }
  
  
  
  //! print contents of the cube (to the cout stream),
  //! optionally preceding with a user specified line of text.
  //! the stream's state are used as is and are not modified
  //! (i.e. the precision and cell width are not modified).
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::impl_raw_print(const std::string& extra_text) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    if(extra_text.length() != 0)
      {
      ARMA_DEFAULT_OSTREAM << extra_text << '\n';
      }
    
    arma_ostream::print(ARMA_DEFAULT_OSTREAM, *this, false);
    }
  
  
  
  //! print contents of the cube to a user specified stream,
  //! optionally preceding with a user specified line of text.
  //! the stream's state are used as is and are not modified.
  //! (i.e. the precision and cell width are not modified).
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::impl_raw_print(std::ostream& user_stream, const std::string& extra_text) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    if(extra_text.length() != 0)
      {
      user_stream << extra_text << '\n';
      }
    
    arma_ostream::print(user_stream, *this, false);
    }
  
  
  
  //! change the cube to have user specified dimensions (data is not preserved)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::set_size(const uword in_n_rows, const uword in_n_cols, const uword in_n_slices)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    init_warm(in_n_rows, in_n_cols, in_n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  //! change the cube to have user specified dimensions (data is preserved)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::reshape(const uword in_rows, const uword in_cols, const uword in_slices, const uword dim)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    *this = arma::reshape(*this, in_rows, in_cols, in_slices, dim);
    }
  
  
  
  //! change the cube to have user specified dimensions (data is preserved)
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::resize(const uword in_rows, const uword in_cols, const uword in_slices)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    *this = arma::resize(*this, in_rows, in_cols, in_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  //! change the cube (without preserving data) to have the same dimensions as the given cube 
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename eT2>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::copy_size(const Cube<eT2>& m)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    init_warm(m.n_rows, m.n_cols, m.n_slices);
    }
  
  
  
  //! transform each element in the cube using a functor
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename functor>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::transform(functor F)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    eT* out_mem = memptr();
    
    const uword N = n_elem;
    
    uword ii, jj;
    
    for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < N; ii+=2, jj+=2)
      {
      eT tmp_ii = out_mem[ii];
      eT tmp_jj = out_mem[jj];
      
      tmp_ii = eT( F(tmp_ii) );
      tmp_jj = eT( F(tmp_jj) );
      
      out_mem[ii] = tmp_ii;
      out_mem[jj] = tmp_jj;
      }
    
    if(ii < N)
      {
      out_mem[ii] = eT( F(out_mem[ii]) );
      }
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! imbue (fill) the cube with values provided by a functor
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename functor>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::imbue(functor F)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    eT* out_mem = memptr();
    
    const uword N = n_elem;
    
    uword ii, jj;
    
    for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < N; ii+=2, jj+=2)
      {
      const eT tmp_ii = eT( F() );
      const eT tmp_jj = eT( F() );
      
      out_mem[ii] = tmp_ii;
      out_mem[jj] = tmp_jj;
      }
    
    if(ii < N)
      {
      out_mem[ii] = eT( F() );
      }
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  //! fill the cube with the specified value
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::fill(const eT val)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arrayops::inplace_set( memptr(), val, n_elem );
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::zeros()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arrayops::fill_zeros(memptr(), n_elem);
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::zeros(const uword in_rows, const uword in_cols, const uword in_slices)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    set_size(in_rows, in_cols, in_slices);
    
    return (*this).zeros();
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::ones()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return (*this).fill(eT(1));
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::ones(const uword in_rows, const uword in_cols, const uword in_slices)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    set_size(in_rows, in_cols, in_slices);
    
    return (*this).fill(eT(1));
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::randu()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_rng::randu<eT>::fill( memptr(), n_elem );
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::randu(const uword in_rows, const uword in_cols, const uword in_slices)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    set_size(in_rows, in_cols, in_slices);
    
    return (*this).randu();
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::randn()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_rng::randn<eT>::fill( memptr(), n_elem );
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::randn(const uword in_rows, const uword in_cols, const uword in_slices)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    set_size(in_rows, in_cols, in_slices);
    
    return (*this).randn();
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::reset()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    init_warm(0,0,0);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::set_real(const BaseCube<typename Cube<eT>::pod_type,T1>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    Cube_aux::set_real(*this, X);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<typename T1>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::set_imag(const BaseCube<typename Cube<eT>::pod_type,T1>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    Cube_aux::set_imag(*this, X);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT
  Cube<eT>::min() const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check( (n_elem == 0), "min(): object has no elements" );
    
    return op_min::direct_min(memptr(), n_elem);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT
  Cube<eT>::max() const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check( (n_elem == 0), "max(): object has no elements" );
    
    return op_max::direct_max(memptr(), n_elem);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  eT
  Cube<eT>::min(uword& index_of_min_val) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check( (n_elem == 0), "min(): object has no elements" );
    
    return op_min::direct_min(memptr(), n_elem, index_of_min_val);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  eT
  Cube<eT>::max(uword& index_of_max_val) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check( (n_elem == 0), "max(): object has no elements" );
    
    return op_max::direct_max(memptr(), n_elem, index_of_max_val);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  eT
  Cube<eT>::min(uword& row_of_min_val, uword& col_of_min_val, uword& slice_of_min_val) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check( (n_elem == 0), "min(): object has no elements" );
    
    uword i;
    
    eT val = op_min::direct_min(memptr(), n_elem, i);
    
    const uword in_slice = i / n_elem_slice;
    const uword offset   = in_slice * n_elem_slice;
    const uword j        = i - offset;
    
      row_of_min_val = j % n_rows;
      col_of_min_val = j / n_rows;
    slice_of_min_val = in_slice;
    
    return val;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  eT
  Cube<eT>::max(uword& row_of_max_val, uword& col_of_max_val, uword& slice_of_max_val) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check( (n_elem == 0), "max(): object has no elements" );
    
    uword i;
    
    eT val = op_max::direct_max(memptr(), n_elem, i);
    
    const uword in_slice = i / n_elem_slice;
    const uword offset   = in_slice * n_elem_slice;
    const uword j        = i - offset;
    
      row_of_max_val = j % n_rows;
      col_of_max_val = j / n_rows;
    slice_of_max_val = in_slice;
    
    return val;
    }
  
  
  
  //! save the cube to a file
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  bool
  Cube<eT>::save(const std::string name, const file_type type, const bool print_status) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    bool save_okay;
    
    switch(type)
      {
      case raw_ascii:
        save_okay = diskio::save_raw_ascii(*this, name);
        break;
      
      case arma_ascii:
        save_okay = diskio::save_arma_ascii(*this, name);
        break;
      
      case raw_binary:
        save_okay = diskio::save_raw_binary(*this, name);
        break;
      
      case arma_binary:
        save_okay = diskio::save_arma_binary(*this, name);
        break;
      
      case ppm_binary:
        save_okay = diskio::save_ppm_binary(*this, name);
        break;
  
      case hdf5_binary:
        save_okay = diskio::save_hdf5_binary(*this, name);
        break;
      
      default:
        arma_warn(print_status, "Cube::save(): unsupported file type");
        save_okay = false;
      }
    
    arma_warn( (print_status && (save_okay == false)), "Cube::save(): couldn't write to ", name);
    
    return save_okay;
    }
  
  
  
  //! save the cube to a stream
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  bool
  Cube<eT>::save(std::ostream& os, const file_type type, const bool print_status) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    bool save_okay;
    
    switch(type)
      {
      case raw_ascii:
        save_okay = diskio::save_raw_ascii(*this, os);
        break;
      
      case arma_ascii:
        save_okay = diskio::save_arma_ascii(*this, os);
        break;
      
      case raw_binary:
        save_okay = diskio::save_raw_binary(*this, os);
        break;
      
      case arma_binary:
        save_okay = diskio::save_arma_binary(*this, os);
        break;
      
      case ppm_binary:
        save_okay = diskio::save_ppm_binary(*this, os);
        break;
      
      default:
        arma_warn(print_status, "Cube::save(): unsupported file type");
        save_okay = false;
      }
    
    arma_warn( (print_status && (save_okay == false)), "Cube::save(): couldn't write to given stream");
    
    return save_okay;
    }
  
  
  
  //! load a cube from a file
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  bool
  Cube<eT>::load(const std::string name, const file_type type, const bool print_status)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    bool load_okay;
    std::string err_msg;
    
    switch(type)
      {
      case auto_detect:
        load_okay = diskio::load_auto_detect(*this, name, err_msg);
        break;
      
      case raw_ascii:
        load_okay = diskio::load_raw_ascii(*this, name, err_msg);
        break;
      
      case arma_ascii:
        load_okay = diskio::load_arma_ascii(*this, name, err_msg);
        break;
      
      case raw_binary:
        load_okay = diskio::load_raw_binary(*this, name, err_msg);
        break;
      
      case arma_binary:
        load_okay = diskio::load_arma_binary(*this, name, err_msg);
        break;
      
      case ppm_binary:
        load_okay = diskio::load_ppm_binary(*this, name, err_msg);
        break;
  
      case hdf5_binary:
        load_okay = diskio::load_hdf5_binary(*this, name, err_msg);
        break;
      
      default:
        arma_warn(print_status, "Cube::load(): unsupported file type");
        load_okay = false;
      }
    
    if( (print_status == true) && (load_okay == false) )
      {
      if(err_msg.length() > 0)
        {
        arma_warn(true, "Cube::load(): ", err_msg, name);
        }
      else
        {
        arma_warn(true, "Cube::load(): couldn't read ", name);
        }
      }
    
    if(load_okay == false)
      {
      (*this).reset();
      }
      
    return load_okay;
    }
  
  
  
  //! load a cube from a stream
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  bool
  Cube<eT>::load(std::istream& is, const file_type type, const bool print_status)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    bool load_okay;
    std::string err_msg;
    
    switch(type)
      {
      case auto_detect:
        load_okay = diskio::load_auto_detect(*this, is, err_msg);
        break;
      
      case raw_ascii:
        load_okay = diskio::load_raw_ascii(*this, is, err_msg);
        break;
      
      case arma_ascii:
        load_okay = diskio::load_arma_ascii(*this, is, err_msg);
        break;
      
      case raw_binary:
        load_okay = diskio::load_raw_binary(*this, is, err_msg);
        break;
      
      case arma_binary:
        load_okay = diskio::load_arma_binary(*this, is, err_msg);
        break;
      
      case ppm_binary:
        load_okay = diskio::load_ppm_binary(*this, is, err_msg);
        break;
      
      default:
        arma_warn(print_status, "Cube::load(): unsupported file type");
        load_okay = false;
      }
    
    
    if( (print_status == true) && (load_okay == false) )
      {
      if(err_msg.length() > 0)
        {
        arma_warn(true, "Cube::load(): ", err_msg, "the given stream");
        }
      else
        {
        arma_warn(true, "Cube::load(): couldn't load from the given stream");
        }
      }
    
    if(load_okay == false)
      {
      (*this).reset();
      }
      
    return load_okay;
    }
  
  
  
  //! save the cube to a file, without printing any error messages
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  bool
  Cube<eT>::quiet_save(const std::string name, const file_type type) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return (*this).save(name, type, false);
    }
  
  
  
  //! save the cube to a stream, without printing any error messages
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  bool
  Cube<eT>::quiet_save(std::ostream& os, const file_type type) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return (*this).save(os, type, false);
    }
  
  
  
  //! load a cube from a file, without printing any error messages
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  bool
  Cube<eT>::quiet_load(const std::string name, const file_type type)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return (*this).load(name, type, false);
    }
  
  
  
  //! load a cube from a stream, without printing any error messages
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  bool
  Cube<eT>::quiet_load(std::istream& is, const file_type type)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return (*this).load(is, type, false);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  typename Cube<eT>::iterator
  Cube<eT>::begin()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return memptr();
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  typename Cube<eT>::const_iterator
  Cube<eT>::begin() const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return memptr();
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  typename Cube<eT>::const_iterator
  Cube<eT>::cbegin() const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return memptr();
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  typename Cube<eT>::iterator
  Cube<eT>::end()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return memptr() + n_elem;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  typename Cube<eT>::const_iterator
  Cube<eT>::end() const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return memptr() + n_elem;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  typename Cube<eT>::const_iterator
  Cube<eT>::cend() const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    return memptr() + n_elem;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  typename Cube<eT>::slice_iterator
  Cube<eT>::begin_slice(const uword slice_num)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check( (slice_num >= n_slices), "begin_slice(): index out of bounds");
    
    return slice_memptr(slice_num);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  typename Cube<eT>::const_slice_iterator
  Cube<eT>::begin_slice(const uword slice_num) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check( (slice_num >= n_slices), "begin_slice(): index out of bounds");
    
    return slice_memptr(slice_num);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  typename Cube<eT>::slice_iterator
  Cube<eT>::end_slice(const uword slice_num)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check( (slice_num >= n_slices), "end_slice(): index out of bounds");
    
    return slice_memptr(slice_num) + n_elem_slice;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  typename Cube<eT>::const_slice_iterator
  Cube<eT>::end_slice(const uword slice_num) const
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    arma_debug_check( (slice_num >= n_slices), "end_slice(): index out of bounds");
    
    return slice_memptr(slice_num) + n_elem_slice;
    }
  
  
  
  //! resets this cube to an empty matrix
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::clear()
    {
    reset();
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns true if the cube has no elements
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  bool
  Cube<eT>::empty() const
    {
    return (n_elem == 0);
    }
  
  
  
  //! returns the number of elements in this cube
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  uword
  Cube<eT>::size() const
    {
    return n_elem;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::swap(Cube<eT>& B)
    {
    Cube<eT>& A = (*this);
    
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint(arma_boost::format("A = %x   B = %x") % &A % &B);
    
    if( (A.mem_state == 0) && (B.mem_state == 0) && (A.n_elem > Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem) && (B.n_elem > Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem) )
      {
      A.delete_mat();
      B.delete_mat();
      
      std::swap( access::rw(A.n_rows),       access::rw(B.n_rows)       );
      std::swap( access::rw(A.n_cols),       access::rw(B.n_cols)       );
      std::swap( access::rw(A.n_elem_slice), access::rw(B.n_elem_slice) );
      std::swap( access::rw(A.n_slices),     access::rw(B.n_slices)     );
      std::swap( access::rw(A.n_elem),       access::rw(B.n_elem)       );
      std::swap( access::rw(A.mem),          access::rw(B.mem)          );
      
      A.create_mat();
      B.create_mat();
      }
    else
    if( (A.mem_state == 0) && (B.mem_state == 0) && (A.n_elem <= Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem) && (B.n_elem <= Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem) )
      {
      A.delete_mat();
      B.delete_mat();
      
      std::swap( access::rw(A.n_rows),       access::rw(B.n_rows)       );
      std::swap( access::rw(A.n_cols),       access::rw(B.n_cols)       );
      std::swap( access::rw(A.n_elem_slice), access::rw(B.n_elem_slice) );
      std::swap( access::rw(A.n_slices),     access::rw(B.n_slices)     );
      std::swap( access::rw(A.n_elem),       access::rw(B.n_elem)       );
      
      const uword N = (std::max)(A.n_elem, B.n_elem);
      
      eT* A_mem = A.memptr();
      eT* B_mem = B.memptr();
      
      for(uword i=0; i<N; ++i)  { std::swap( A_mem[i], B_mem[i] ); }
      
      A.create_mat();
      B.create_mat();
      }
    else
      {
      // generic swap
      
      if(A.n_elem <= B.n_elem)
        {
        Cube<eT> C = A;
        
        A.steal_mem(B);
        B.steal_mem(C);
        }
      else
        {
        Cube<eT> C = B;
        
        B.steal_mem(A);
        A.steal_mem(C);
        }
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! try to steal the memory from a given cube; 
  //! if memory can't be stolen, copy the given cube
  template<typename eT>
  inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::steal_mem(Cube<eT>& x)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    if(this != &x)
      {
      if( (mem_state <= 1) && ( ((x.mem_state == 0) && (x.n_elem > Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem)) || (x.mem_state == 1) ) )
        {
        reset();
        
        const uword x_n_slices = x.n_slices;
        
        access::rw(n_rows)       = x.n_rows;
        access::rw(n_cols)       = x.n_cols;
        access::rw(n_elem_slice) = x.n_elem_slice;
        access::rw(n_slices)     = x_n_slices;
        access::rw(n_elem)       = x.n_elem;
        access::rw(mem_state)    = x.mem_state;
        access::rw(mem)          = x.mem;
        
        if(x_n_slices > Cube_prealloc::mat_ptrs_size)
          {
          access::rw(  mat_ptrs) = x.mat_ptrs;
          access::rw(x.mat_ptrs) = 0;
          }
        else
          {
          access::rw(mat_ptrs) = const_cast< const Mat<eT>** >(mat_ptrs_local);
          
          for(uword i=0; i < x_n_slices; ++i)
            {
              mat_ptrs[i] = x.mat_ptrs[i];
            x.mat_ptrs[i] = 0;
            }
          }
        
        access::rw(x.n_rows)       = 0;
        access::rw(x.n_cols)       = 0;
        access::rw(x.n_elem_slice) = 0;
        access::rw(x.n_slices)     = 0;
        access::rw(x.n_elem)       = 0;
        access::rw(x.mem_state)    = 0;
        access::rw(x.mem)          = 0;
        }
      else
        {
        (*this).operator=(x);
        }
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //
  //  Cube::fixed
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  arma_inline
  void
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::mem_setup()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    if(fixed_n_elem > 0)
      {
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_rows)       = fixed_n_rows;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_cols)       = fixed_n_cols;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_elem_slice) = fixed_n_rows * fixed_n_cols;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_slices)     = fixed_n_slices;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_elem)       = fixed_n_elem;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::mem_state)    = 3;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::mat_ptrs)     = const_cast< const Mat<eT>** >( \
                                           (fixed_n_slices > Cube_prealloc::mat_ptrs_size) ? mat_ptrs_local_extra : mat_ptrs_local );
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::mem)          = (fixed_n_elem   > Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem)    ? mem_local_extra      : mem_local;
      
      create_mat();
      }
    else
      {
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_rows)       = 0;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_cols)       = 0;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_elem_slice) = 0;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_slices)     = 0;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_elem)       = 0;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::mem_state)    = 3;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::mat_ptrs)     = 0;
      access::rw(Cube<eT>::mem)          = 0;
      }
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::fixed()
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    mem_setup();
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::fixed(const fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    mem_setup();
    
          eT* dest = (use_extra) ?   mem_local_extra :   mem_local;
    const eT* src  = (use_extra) ? X.mem_local_extra : X.mem_local;
    
    arrayops::copy( dest, src, fixed_n_elem );
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  template<typename fill_type>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::fixed(const fill::fill_class<fill_type>&)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    mem_setup();
    
    if(is_same_type<fill_type, fill::fill_zeros>::yes)  (*this).zeros();
    if(is_same_type<fill_type, fill::fill_ones >::yes)  (*this).ones();
    if(is_same_type<fill_type, fill::fill_randu>::yes)  (*this).randu();
    if(is_same_type<fill_type, fill::fill_randn>::yes)  (*this).randn();
    
    if(is_same_type<fill_type, fill::fill_eye  >::yes)  { arma_debug_check(true, "Cube::fixed::fixed(): unsupported fill type"); }
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  template<typename T1>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::fixed(const BaseCube<eT,T1>& A)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    mem_setup();
    
    Cube<eT>::operator=(A.get_ref()); 
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  template<typename T1, typename T2>
  inline
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::fixed(const BaseCube<pod_type,T1>& A, const BaseCube<pod_type,T2>& B)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
    
    mem_setup();
    
    Cube<eT>::init(A,B);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  inline
  const Cube<eT>&
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::operator=(const fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
          eT* dest = (use_extra) ?   mem_local_extra :   mem_local;
    const eT* src  = (use_extra) ? X.mem_local_extra : X.mem_local;
    
    arrayops::copy( dest, src, fixed_n_elem );
    
    return *this;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT&
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::operator[] (const uword i)
    {
    return (use_extra) ? mem_local_extra[i] : mem_local[i];
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT&
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::operator[] (const uword i) const
    {
    return (use_extra) ? mem_local_extra[i] : mem_local[i];
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT&
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::at(const uword i)
    {
    return (use_extra) ? mem_local_extra[i] : mem_local[i];
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT&
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::at(const uword i) const
    {
    return (use_extra) ? mem_local_extra[i] : mem_local[i];
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT&
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::operator() (const uword i)
    {
    arma_debug_check( (i >= fixed_n_elem), "Cube::operator(): index out of bounds");
    
    return (use_extra) ? mem_local_extra[i] : mem_local[i];
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT&
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::operator() (const uword i) const
    {
    arma_debug_check( (i >= fixed_n_elem), "Cube::operator(): index out of bounds");
    
    return (use_extra) ? mem_local_extra[i] : mem_local[i];
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT&
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::at(const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice)
    {
    const uword i = in_slice*fixed_n_elem_slice + in_col*fixed_n_rows + in_row;
    
    return (use_extra) ? mem_local_extra[i] : mem_local[i];
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT&
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::at(const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice) const
    {
    const uword i = in_slice*fixed_n_elem_slice + in_col*fixed_n_rows + in_row;
    
    return (use_extra) ? mem_local_extra[i] : mem_local[i];
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  eT&
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::operator() (const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice)
    {
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_row   >= fixed_n_rows  ) ||
      (in_col   >= fixed_n_cols  ) ||
      (in_slice >= fixed_n_slices)
      ,
      "operator(): index out of bounds"
      );
    
    const uword i = in_slice*fixed_n_elem_slice + in_col*fixed_n_rows + in_row;
    
    return (use_extra) ? mem_local_extra[i] : mem_local[i];
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT>
  template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
  arma_inline
  arma_warn_unused
  const eT&
  Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::operator() (const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice) const
    {
    arma_debug_check
      (
      (in_row   >= fixed_n_rows  ) ||
      (in_col   >= fixed_n_cols  ) ||
      (in_slice >= fixed_n_slices)
      ,
      "Cube::operator(): index out of bounds"
      );
    
    const uword i = in_slice*fixed_n_elem_slice + in_col*fixed_n_rows + in_row;
    
    return (use_extra) ? mem_local_extra[i] : mem_local[i];
    }
  
  
  
  //
  // Cube_aux
  
  
  
  //! prefix ++
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  void
  Cube_aux::prefix_pp(Cube<eT>& x)
    {
          eT*   memptr = x.memptr();
    const uword n_elem = x.n_elem;
    
    uword i,j;
  
    for(i=0, j=1; j<n_elem; i+=2, j+=2)
      {
      ++(memptr[i]);
      ++(memptr[j]);
      }
    
    if(i < n_elem)
      {
      ++(memptr[i]);
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! prefix ++ for complex numbers (work around for limitations of the std::complex class)
  template<typename T>
  arma_inline
  void
  Cube_aux::prefix_pp(Cube< std::complex<T> >& x)
    {
    x += T(1);
    }
  
  
  
  //! postfix ++
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  void
  Cube_aux::postfix_pp(Cube<eT>& x)
    {
          eT* memptr = x.memptr();
    const uword n_elem = x.n_elem;
    
    uword i,j;
    
    for(i=0, j=1; j<n_elem; i+=2, j+=2)
      {
      (memptr[i])++;
      (memptr[j])++;
      }
    
    if(i < n_elem)
      {
      (memptr[i])++;
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! postfix ++ for complex numbers (work around for limitations of the std::complex class)
  template<typename T>
  arma_inline
  void
  Cube_aux::postfix_pp(Cube< std::complex<T> >& x)
    {
    x += T(1);
    }
  
  
  
  //! prefix --
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  void
  Cube_aux::prefix_mm(Cube<eT>& x)
    {
          eT* memptr = x.memptr();
    const uword n_elem = x.n_elem;
  
    uword i,j;
  
    for(i=0, j=1; j<n_elem; i+=2, j+=2)
      {
      --(memptr[i]);
      --(memptr[j]);
      }
    
    if(i < n_elem)
      {
      --(memptr[i]);
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! prefix -- for complex numbers (work around for limitations of the std::complex class)
  template<typename T>
  arma_inline
  void
  Cube_aux::prefix_mm(Cube< std::complex<T> >& x)
    {
    x -= T(1);
    }
  
  
  
  //! postfix --
  template<typename eT>
  arma_inline
  void
  Cube_aux::postfix_mm(Cube<eT>& x)
    {
          eT* memptr = x.memptr();
    const uword n_elem = x.n_elem;
  
    uword i,j;
  
    for(i=0, j=1; j<n_elem; i+=2, j+=2)
      {
      (memptr[i])--;
      (memptr[j])--;
      }
    
    if(i < n_elem)
      {
      (memptr[i])--;
      }
    }
  
  
  
  //! postfix ++ for complex numbers (work around for limitations of the std::complex class)
  template<typename T>
  arma_inline
  void
  Cube_aux::postfix_mm(Cube< std::complex<T> >& x)
    {
    x -= T(1);
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT, typename T1>
  inline
  void
  Cube_aux::set_real(Cube<eT>& out, const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    const unwrap_cube<T1> tmp(X.get_ref());
    const Cube<eT>& A   = tmp.M;
    
    arma_debug_assert_same_size( out, A, "Cube::set_real()" );
    
    out = A;
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename eT, typename T1>
  inline
  void
  Cube_aux::set_imag(Cube<eT>&, const BaseCube<eT,T1>&)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename T, typename T1>
  inline
  void
  Cube_aux::set_real(Cube< std::complex<T> >& out, const BaseCube<T,T1>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    typedef typename std::complex<T> eT;
    
    const ProxyCube<T1> P(X.get_ref());
    
    const uword local_n_rows   = P.get_n_rows();
    const uword local_n_cols   = P.get_n_cols();
    const uword local_n_slices = P.get_n_slices();
    
    arma_debug_assert_same_size
      (
      out.n_rows,   out.n_cols,   out.n_slices,
      local_n_rows, local_n_cols, local_n_slices,
      "Cube::set_real()"
      );
    
    eT* out_mem = out.memptr();
    
    if(ProxyCube<T1>::prefer_at_accessor == false)
      {
      typedef typename ProxyCube<T1>::ea_type ea_type;
      
      ea_type A = P.get_ea();
      
      const uword N = out.n_elem;
      
      for(uword i=0; i<N; ++i)
        {
        //out_mem[i].real() = PA[i];
        out_mem[i] = std::complex<T>( A[i], out_mem[i].imag() );
        }
      }
    else
      {
      for(uword slice = 0; slice < local_n_slices; ++slice)
      for(uword col   = 0; col   < local_n_cols;   ++col  )
      for(uword row   = 0; row   < local_n_rows;   ++row  )
        {
        (*out_mem) = std::complex<T>( P.at(row,col,slice), (*out_mem).imag() );
        out_mem++;
        }
      }
    }
  
  
  
  template<typename T, typename T1>
  inline
  void
  Cube_aux::set_imag(Cube< std::complex<T> >& out, const BaseCube<T,T1>& X)
    {
    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
    
    typedef typename std::complex<T> eT;
    
    const ProxyCube<T1> P(X.get_ref());
    
    const uword local_n_rows   = P.get_n_rows();
    const uword local_n_cols   = P.get_n_cols();
    const uword local_n_slices = P.get_n_slices();
    
    arma_debug_assert_same_size
      (
      out.n_rows,   out.n_cols,   out.n_slices,
      local_n_rows, local_n_cols, local_n_slices,
      "Cube::set_imag()"
      );
    
    eT* out_mem = out.memptr();
    
    if(ProxyCube<T1>::prefer_at_accessor == false)
      {
      typedef typename ProxyCube<T1>::ea_type ea_type;
      
      ea_type A = P.get_ea();
      
      const uword N = out.n_elem;
      
      for(uword i=0; i<N; ++i)
        {
        //out_mem[i].imag() = PA[i];
        out_mem[i] = std::complex<T>( out_mem[i].real(), A[i] );
        }
      }
    else
      {
      for(uword slice = 0; slice < local_n_slices; ++slice)
      for(uword col   = 0; col   < local_n_cols;   ++col  )
      for(uword row   = 0; row   < local_n_rows;   ++row  )
        {
        (*out_mem) = std::complex<T>( (*out_mem).real(), P.at(row,col,slice) );
        out_mem++;
        }
      }
    }
  
  
  
  #ifdef ARMA_EXTRA_CUBE_MEAT
    #include ARMA_INCFILE_WRAP(ARMA_EXTRA_CUBE_MEAT)
  #endif
  
  
  
  //! @}
  