text: import pprint
  message = 'this is just a test for setdefault method'
  count ={}
  for character in message:
      count.setdefault(character, 0)
      count[character] = count[character] + 1
  print(count)
  # counts the total number of repeated characters and prints out key/value pair for
  #all repeated characters as a dictionary. Setdefault() ensures default value of count to zero
  
  pprint.pprint(count) #pretty print, cleaner print out
  
  