text: /*****************************************************************************
   * set: header writing
   *****************************************************************************
   * Copyright (C) 2003-2020 x264 project
   *
   * Authors: Laurent Aimar <fenrir@via.ecp.fr>
   *          Loren Merritt <lorenm@u.washington.edu>
   *
   * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   * (at your option) any later version.
   *
   * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   * GNU General Public License for more details.
   *
   * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02111, USA.
   *
   * This program is also available under a commercial proprietary license.
   * For more information, contact us at licensing@x264.com.
   *****************************************************************************/
  
  #include "common/common.h"
  #include "set.h"
  
  #define bs_write_ue bs_write_ue_big
  
  // Indexed by pic_struct values
  static const uint8_t num_clock_ts[10] = { 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3 };
  static const uint8_t avcintra_uuid[] = {0xF7, 0x49, 0x3E, 0xB3, 0xD4, 0x00, 0x47, 0x96, 0x86, 0x86, 0xC9, 0x70, 0x7B, 0x64, 0x37, 0x2A};
  
  static void transpose( uint8_t *buf, int w )
  {
      for( int i = 0; i < w; i++ )
          for( int j = 0; j < i; j++ )
              XCHG( uint8_t, buf[w*i+j], buf[w*j+i] );
  }
  
  static void scaling_list_write( bs_t *s, x264_sps_t *sps, int idx )
  {
      const int len = idx<4 ? 16 : 64;
      const uint8_t *zigzag = idx<4 ? x264_zigzag_scan4[0] : x264_zigzag_scan8[0];
      const uint8_t *list = sps->scaling_list[idx];
      const uint8_t *def_list = (idx==CQM_4IC) ? sps->scaling_list[CQM_4IY]
                              : (idx==CQM_4PC) ? sps->scaling_list[CQM_4PY]
                              : (idx==CQM_8IC+4) ? sps->scaling_list[CQM_8IY+4]
                              : (idx==CQM_8PC+4) ? sps->scaling_list[CQM_8PY+4]
                              : x264_cqm_jvt[idx];
      if( !memcmp( list, def_list, len ) )
          bs_write1( s, 0 );   // scaling_list_present_flag
      else if( !memcmp( list, x264_cqm_jvt[idx], len ) )
      {
          bs_write1( s, 1 );   // scaling_list_present_flag
          bs_write_se( s, -8 ); // use jvt list
      }
      else
      {
          int run;
          bs_write1( s, 1 );   // scaling_list_present_flag
  
          // try run-length compression of trailing values
          for( run = len; run > 1; run-- )
              if( list[zigzag[run-1]] != list[zigzag[run-2]] )
                  break;
          if( run < len && len - run < bs_size_se( (int8_t)-list[zigzag[run]] ) )
              run = len;
  
          for( int j = 0; j < run; j++ )
              bs_write_se( s, (int8_t)(list[zigzag[j]] - (j>0 ? list[zigzag[j-1]] : 8)) ); // delta
  
          if( run < len )
              bs_write_se( s, (int8_t)-list[zigzag[run]] );
      }
  }
  
  void x264_sei_write( bs_t *s, uint8_t *payload, int payload_size, int payload_type )
  {
      int i;
  
      bs_realign( s );
  
      for( i = 0; i <= payload_type-255; i += 255 )
          bs_write( s, 8, 255 );
      bs_write( s, 8, payload_type-i );
  
      for( i = 0; i <= payload_size-255; i += 255 )
          bs_write( s, 8, 255 );
      bs_write( s, 8, payload_size-i );
  
      for( i = 0; i < payload_size; i++ )
          bs_write( s, 8, payload[i] );
  
      bs_rbsp_trailing( s );
      bs_flush( s );
  }
  
  void x264_sps_init( x264_sps_t *sps, int i_id, x264_param_t *param )
  {
      int csp = param->i_csp & X264_CSP_MASK;
  
      sps->i_id = i_id;
      sps->i_mb_width = ( param->i_width + 15 ) / 16;
      sps->i_mb_height= ( param->i_height + 15 ) / 16;
      sps->b_frame_mbs_only = !(param->b_interlaced || param->b_fake_interlaced);
      if( !sps->b_frame_mbs_only )
          sps->i_mb_height = ( sps->i_mb_height + 1 ) & ~1;
      sps->i_chroma_format_idc = csp >= X264_CSP_I444 ? CHROMA_444 :
                                 csp >= X264_CSP_I422 ? CHROMA_422 :
                                 csp >= X264_CSP_I420 ? CHROMA_420 : CHROMA_400;
  
      sps->b_qpprime_y_zero_transform_bypass = param->rc.i_rc_method == X264_RC_CQP && param->rc.i_qp_constant == 0;
      if( sps->b_qpprime_y_zero_transform_bypass || sps->i_chroma_format_idc == CHROMA_444 )
          sps->i_profile_idc  = PROFILE_HIGH444_PREDICTIVE;
      else if( sps->i_chroma_format_idc == CHROMA_422 )
          sps->i_profile_idc  = PROFILE_HIGH422;
      else if( BIT_DEPTH > 8 )
          sps->i_profile_idc  = PROFILE_HIGH10;
      else if( param->analyse.b_transform_8x8 || param->i_cqm_preset != X264_CQM_FLAT || sps->i_chroma_format_idc == CHROMA_400 )
          sps->i_profile_idc  = PROFILE_HIGH;
      else if( param->b_cabac || param->i_bframe > 0 || param->b_interlaced || param->b_fake_interlaced || param->analyse.i_weighted_pred > 0 )
          sps->i_profile_idc  = PROFILE_MAIN;
      else
          sps->i_profile_idc  = PROFILE_BASELINE;
  
      sps->b_constraint_set0  = sps->i_profile_idc == PROFILE_BASELINE;
      /* x264 doesn't support the features that are in Baseline and not in Main,
       * namely arbitrary_slice_order and slice_groups. */
      sps->b_constraint_set1  = sps->i_profile_idc <= PROFILE_MAIN;
      /* Never set constraint_set2, it is not necessary and not used in real world. */
      sps->b_constraint_set2  = 0;
      sps->b_constraint_set3  = 0;
  
      sps->i_level_idc = param->i_level_idc;
      if( param->i_level_idc == 9 && ( sps->i_profile_idc == PROFILE_BASELINE || sps->i_profile_idc == PROFILE_MAIN ) )
      {
          sps->b_constraint_set3 = 1; /* level 1b with Baseline or Main profile is signalled via constraint_set3 */
          sps->i_level_idc      = 11;
      }
      /* Intra profiles */
      if( param->i_keyint_max == 1 && sps->i_profile_idc >= PROFILE_HIGH )
          sps->b_constraint_set3 = 1;
  
      sps->vui.i_num_reorder_frames = param->i_bframe_pyramid ? 2 : param->i_bframe ? 1 : 0;
      /* extra slot with pyramid so that we don't have to override the
       * order of forgetting old pictures */
      sps->vui.i_max_dec_frame_buffering =
      sps->i_num_ref_frames = X264_MIN(X264_REF_MAX, X264_MAX4(param->i_frame_reference, 1 + sps->vui.i_num_reorder_frames,
                              param->i_bframe_pyramid ? 4 : 1, param->i_dpb_size));
      sps->i_num_ref_frames -= param->i_bframe_pyramid == X264_B_PYRAMID_STRICT;
      if( param->i_keyint_max == 1 )
      {
          sps->i_num_ref_frames = 0;
          sps->vui.i_max_dec_frame_buffering = 0;
      }
  
      /* number of refs + current frame */
      int max_frame_num = sps->vui.i_max_dec_frame_buffering * (!!param->i_bframe_pyramid+1) + 1;
      /* Intra refresh cannot write a recovery time greater than max frame num-1 */
      if( param->b_intra_refresh )
      {
          int time_to_recovery = X264_MIN( sps->i_mb_width - 1, param->i_keyint_max ) + param->i_bframe - 1;
          max_frame_num = X264_MAX( max_frame_num, time_to_recovery+1 );
      }
  
      sps->i_log2_max_frame_num = 4;
      while( (1 << sps->i_log2_max_frame_num) <= max_frame_num )
          sps->i_log2_max_frame_num++;
  
      sps->i_poc_type = param->i_bframe || param->b_interlaced || param->i_avcintra_class ? 0 : 2;
      if( sps->i_poc_type == 0 )
      {
          int max_delta_poc = (param->i_bframe + 2) * (!!param->i_bframe_pyramid + 1) * 2;
          sps->i_log2_max_poc_lsb = 4;
          while( (1 << sps->i_log2_max_poc_lsb) <= max_delta_poc * 2 )
              sps->i_log2_max_poc_lsb++;
      }
  
      sps->b_vui = 1;
  
      sps->b_gaps_in_frame_num_value_allowed = 0;
      sps->b_mb_adaptive_frame_field = param->b_interlaced;
      sps->b_direct8x8_inference = 1;
  
      x264_sps_init_reconfigurable( sps, param );
  
      sps->vui.b_overscan_info_present = param->vui.i_overscan > 0 && param->vui.i_overscan <= 2;
      if( sps->vui.b_overscan_info_present )
          sps->vui.b_overscan_info = ( param->vui.i_overscan == 2 ? 1 : 0 );
  
      sps->vui.b_signal_type_present = 0;
      sps->vui.i_vidformat = ( param->vui.i_vidformat >= 0 && param->vui.i_vidformat <= 5 ? param->vui.i_vidformat : 5 );
      sps->vui.b_fullrange = ( param->vui.b_fullrange >= 0 && param->vui.b_fullrange <= 1 ? param->vui.b_fullrange :
                             ( csp >= X264_CSP_BGR ? 1 : 0 ) );
      sps->vui.b_color_description_present = 0;
  
      sps->vui.i_colorprim = ( param->vui.i_colorprim >= 0 && param->vui.i_colorprim <= 12 ? param->vui.i_colorprim : 2 );
      sps->vui.i_transfer  = ( param->vui.i_transfer  >= 0 && param->vui.i_transfer  <= 18 ? param->vui.i_transfer  : 2 );
      sps->vui.i_colmatrix = ( param->vui.i_colmatrix >= 0 && param->vui.i_colmatrix <= 14 ? param->vui.i_colmatrix :
                             ( csp >= X264_CSP_BGR ? 0 : 2 ) );
      if( sps->vui.i_colorprim != 2 || sps->vui.i_transfer != 2 || sps->vui.i_colmatrix != 2 )
          sps->vui.b_color_description_present = 1;
  
      if( sps->vui.i_vidformat != 5 || sps->vui.b_fullrange || sps->vui.b_color_description_present )
          sps->vui.b_signal_type_present = 1;
  
      /* FIXME: not sufficient for interlaced video */
      sps->vui.b_chroma_loc_info_present = param->vui.i_chroma_loc > 0 && param->vui.i_chroma_loc <= 5 &&
                                           sps->i_chroma_format_idc == CHROMA_420;
      if( sps->vui.b_chroma_loc_info_present )
      {
          sps->vui.i_chroma_loc_top = param->vui.i_chroma_loc;
          sps->vui.i_chroma_loc_bottom = param->vui.i_chroma_loc;
      }
  
      sps->vui.b_timing_info_present = param->i_timebase_num > 0 && param->i_timebase_den > 0;
  
      if( sps->vui.b_timing_info_present )
      {
          sps->vui.i_num_units_in_tick = param->i_timebase_num;
          sps->vui.i_time_scale = param->i_timebase_den * 2;
          sps->vui.b_fixed_frame_rate = !param->b_vfr_input;
      }
  
      sps->vui.b_vcl_hrd_parameters_present = 0; // we don't support VCL HRD
      sps->vui.b_nal_hrd_parameters_present = !!param->i_nal_hrd;
      sps->vui.b_pic_struct_present = param->b_pic_struct;
  
      // NOTE: HRD related parts of the SPS are initialised in x264_ratecontrol_init_reconfigurable
  
      sps->vui.b_bitstream_restriction = !(sps->b_constraint_set3 && sps->i_profile_idc >= PROFILE_HIGH);
      if( sps->vui.b_bitstream_restriction )
      {
          sps->vui.b_motion_vectors_over_pic_boundaries = 1;
          sps->vui.i_max_bytes_per_pic_denom = 0;
          sps->vui.i_max_bits_per_mb_denom = 0;
          sps->vui.i_log2_max_mv_length_horizontal =
          sps->vui.i_log2_max_mv_length_vertical = (int)log2f( X264_MAX( 1, param->analyse.i_mv_range*4-1 ) ) + 1;
      }
  
      sps->b_avcintra = !!param->i_avcintra_class;
      sps->i_cqm_preset = param->i_cqm_preset;
  }
  
  void x264_sps_init_reconfigurable( x264_sps_t *sps, x264_param_t *param )
  {
      sps->crop.i_left   = param->crop_rect.i_left;
      sps->crop.i_top    = param->crop_rect.i_top;
      sps->crop.i_right  = param->crop_rect.i_right + sps->i_mb_width*16 - param->i_width;
      sps->crop.i_bottom = param->crop_rect.i_bottom + sps->i_mb_height*16 - param->i_height;
      sps->b_crop = sps->crop.i_left  || sps->crop.i_top ||
                    sps->crop.i_right || sps->crop.i_bottom;
  
      sps->vui.b_aspect_ratio_info_present = 0;
      if( param->vui.i_sar_width > 0 && param->vui.i_sar_height > 0 )
      {
          sps->vui.b_aspect_ratio_info_present = 1;
          sps->vui.i_sar_width = param->vui.i_sar_width;
          sps->vui.i_sar_height= param->vui.i_sar_height;
      }
  }
  
  void x264_sps_init_scaling_list( x264_sps_t *sps, x264_param_t *param )
  {
      switch( sps->i_cqm_preset )
      {
      case X264_CQM_FLAT:
          for( int i = 0; i < 8; i++ )
              sps->scaling_list[i] = x264_cqm_flat16;
          break;
      case X264_CQM_JVT:
          for( int i = 0; i < 8; i++ )
              sps->scaling_list[i] = x264_cqm_jvt[i];
          break;
      case X264_CQM_CUSTOM:
          /* match the transposed DCT & zigzag */
          transpose( param->cqm_4iy, 4 );
          transpose( param->cqm_4py, 4 );
          transpose( param->cqm_4ic, 4 );
          transpose( param->cqm_4pc, 4 );
          transpose( param->cqm_8iy, 8 );
          transpose( param->cqm_8py, 8 );
          transpose( param->cqm_8ic, 8 );
          transpose( param->cqm_8pc, 8 );
          sps->scaling_list[CQM_4IY] = param->cqm_4iy;
          sps->scaling_list[CQM_4PY] = param->cqm_4py;
          sps->scaling_list[CQM_4IC] = param->cqm_4ic;
          sps->scaling_list[CQM_4PC] = param->cqm_4pc;
          sps->scaling_list[CQM_8IY+4] = param->cqm_8iy;
          sps->scaling_list[CQM_8PY+4] = param->cqm_8py;
          sps->scaling_list[CQM_8IC+4] = param->cqm_8ic;
          sps->scaling_list[CQM_8PC+4] = param->cqm_8pc;
          for( int i = 0; i < 8; i++ )
              for( int j = 0; j < (i < 4 ? 16 : 64); j++ )
                  if( sps->scaling_list[i][j] == 0 )
                      sps->scaling_list[i] = x264_cqm_jvt[i];
          break;
      }
  }
  
  void x264_sps_write( bs_t *s, x264_sps_t *sps )
  {
      bs_realign( s );
      bs_write( s, 8, sps->i_profile_idc );
      bs_write1( s, sps->b_constraint_set0 );
      bs_write1( s, sps->b_constraint_set1 );
      bs_write1( s, sps->b_constraint_set2 );
      bs_write1( s, sps->b_constraint_set3 );
  
      bs_write( s, 4, 0 );    /* reserved */
  
      bs_write( s, 8, sps->i_level_idc );
  
      bs_write_ue( s, sps->i_id );
  
      if( sps->i_profile_idc >= PROFILE_HIGH )
      {
          bs_write_ue( s, sps->i_chroma_format_idc );
          if( sps->i_chroma_format_idc == CHROMA_444 )
              bs_write1( s, 0 ); // separate_colour_plane_flag
          bs_write_ue( s, BIT_DEPTH-8 ); // bit_depth_luma_minus8
          bs_write_ue( s, BIT_DEPTH-8 ); // bit_depth_chroma_minus8
          bs_write1( s, sps->b_qpprime_y_zero_transform_bypass );
          /* Exactly match the AVC-Intra bitstream */
          bs_write1( s, sps->b_avcintra ); // seq_scaling_matrix_present_flag
          if( sps->b_avcintra )
          {
              scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_4IY );
              scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_4IC );
              scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_4IC );
              bs_write1( s, 0 ); // no inter
              bs_write1( s, 0 ); // no inter
              bs_write1( s, 0 ); // no inter
              scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_8IY+4 );
              bs_write1( s, 0 ); // no inter
              if( sps->i_chroma_format_idc == CHROMA_444 )
              {
                  scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_8IC+4 );
                  bs_write1( s, 0 ); // no inter
                  scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_8IC+4 );
                  bs_write1( s, 0 ); // no inter
              }
          }
      }
  
      bs_write_ue( s, sps->i_log2_max_frame_num - 4 );
      bs_write_ue( s, sps->i_poc_type );
      if( sps->i_poc_type == 0 )
          bs_write_ue( s, sps->i_log2_max_poc_lsb - 4 );
      bs_write_ue( s, sps->i_num_ref_frames );
      bs_write1( s, sps->b_gaps_in_frame_num_value_allowed );
      bs_write_ue( s, sps->i_mb_width - 1 );
      bs_write_ue( s, (sps->i_mb_height >> !sps->b_frame_mbs_only) - 1);
      bs_write1( s, sps->b_frame_mbs_only );
      if( !sps->b_frame_mbs_only )
          bs_write1( s, sps->b_mb_adaptive_frame_field );
      bs_write1( s, sps->b_direct8x8_inference );
  
      bs_write1( s, sps->b_crop );
      if( sps->b_crop )
      {
          int h_shift = sps->i_chroma_format_idc == CHROMA_420 || sps->i_chroma_format_idc == CHROMA_422;
          int v_shift = (sps->i_chroma_format_idc == CHROMA_420) + !sps->b_frame_mbs_only;
          bs_write_ue( s, sps->crop.i_left   >> h_shift );
          bs_write_ue( s, sps->crop.i_right  >> h_shift );
          bs_write_ue( s, sps->crop.i_top    >> v_shift );
          bs_write_ue( s, sps->crop.i_bottom >> v_shift );
      }
  
      bs_write1( s, sps->b_vui );
      if( sps->b_vui )
      {
          bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_aspect_ratio_info_present );
          if( sps->vui.b_aspect_ratio_info_present )
          {
              int i;
              static const struct { uint8_t w, h, sar; } sar[] =
              {
                  // aspect_ratio_idc = 0 -> unspecified
                  {  1,  1, 1 }, { 12, 11, 2 }, { 10, 11, 3 }, { 16, 11, 4 },
                  { 40, 33, 5 }, { 24, 11, 6 }, { 20, 11, 7 }, { 32, 11, 8 },
                  { 80, 33, 9 }, { 18, 11, 10}, { 15, 11, 11}, { 64, 33, 12},
                  {160, 99, 13}, {  4,  3, 14}, {  3,  2, 15}, {  2,  1, 16},
                  // aspect_ratio_idc = [17..254] -> reserved
                  { 0, 0, 255 }
              };
              for( i = 0; sar[i].sar != 255; i++ )
              {
                  if( sar[i].w == sps->vui.i_sar_width &&
                      sar[i].h == sps->vui.i_sar_height )
                      break;
              }
              bs_write( s, 8, sar[i].sar );
              if( sar[i].sar == 255 ) /* aspect_ratio_idc (extended) */
              {
                  bs_write( s, 16, sps->vui.i_sar_width );
                  bs_write( s, 16, sps->vui.i_sar_height );
              }
          }
  
          bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_overscan_info_present );
          if( sps->vui.b_overscan_info_present )
              bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_overscan_info );
  
          bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_signal_type_present );
          if( sps->vui.b_signal_type_present )
          {
              bs_write( s, 3, sps->vui.i_vidformat );
              bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_fullrange );
              bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_color_description_present );
              if( sps->vui.b_color_description_present )
              {
                  bs_write( s, 8, sps->vui.i_colorprim );
                  bs_write( s, 8, sps->vui.i_transfer );
                  bs_write( s, 8, sps->vui.i_colmatrix );
              }
          }
  
          bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_chroma_loc_info_present );
          if( sps->vui.b_chroma_loc_info_present )
          {
              bs_write_ue( s, sps->vui.i_chroma_loc_top );
              bs_write_ue( s, sps->vui.i_chroma_loc_bottom );
          }
  
          bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_timing_info_present );
          if( sps->vui.b_timing_info_present )
          {
              bs_write32( s, sps->vui.i_num_units_in_tick );
              bs_write32( s, sps->vui.i_time_scale );
              bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_fixed_frame_rate );
          }
  
          bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_nal_hrd_parameters_present );
          if( sps->vui.b_nal_hrd_parameters_present )
          {
              bs_write_ue( s, sps->vui.hrd.i_cpb_cnt - 1 );
              bs_write( s, 4, sps->vui.hrd.i_bit_rate_scale );
              bs_write( s, 4, sps->vui.hrd.i_cpb_size_scale );
  
              bs_write_ue( s, sps->vui.hrd.i_bit_rate_value - 1 );
              bs_write_ue( s, sps->vui.hrd.i_cpb_size_value - 1 );
  
              bs_write1( s, sps->vui.hrd.b_cbr_hrd );
  
              bs_write( s, 5, sps->vui.hrd.i_initial_cpb_removal_delay_length - 1 );
              bs_write( s, 5, sps->vui.hrd.i_cpb_removal_delay_length - 1 );
              bs_write( s, 5, sps->vui.hrd.i_dpb_output_delay_length - 1 );
              bs_write( s, 5, sps->vui.hrd.i_time_offset_length );
          }
  
          bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_vcl_hrd_parameters_present );
  
          if( sps->vui.b_nal_hrd_parameters_present || sps->vui.b_vcl_hrd_parameters_present )
              bs_write1( s, 0 );   /* low_delay_hrd_flag */
  
          bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_pic_struct_present );
          bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_bitstream_restriction );
          if( sps->vui.b_bitstream_restriction )
          {
              bs_write1( s, sps->vui.b_motion_vectors_over_pic_boundaries );
              bs_write_ue( s, sps->vui.i_max_bytes_per_pic_denom );
              bs_write_ue( s, sps->vui.i_max_bits_per_mb_denom );
              bs_write_ue( s, sps->vui.i_log2_max_mv_length_horizontal );
              bs_write_ue( s, sps->vui.i_log2_max_mv_length_vertical );
              bs_write_ue( s, sps->vui.i_num_reorder_frames );
              bs_write_ue( s, sps->vui.i_max_dec_frame_buffering );
          }
      }
  
      bs_rbsp_trailing( s );
      bs_flush( s );
  }
  
  void x264_pps_init( x264_pps_t *pps, int i_id, x264_param_t *param, x264_sps_t *sps )
  {
      pps->i_id = i_id;
      pps->i_sps_id = sps->i_id;
      pps->b_cabac = param->b_cabac;
  
      pps->b_pic_order = !param->i_avcintra_class && param->b_interlaced;
      pps->i_num_slice_groups = 1;
  
      pps->i_num_ref_idx_l0_default_active = param->i_frame_reference;
      pps->i_num_ref_idx_l1_default_active = 1;
  
      pps->b_weighted_pred = param->analyse.i_weighted_pred > 0;
      pps->b_weighted_bipred = param->analyse.b_weighted_bipred ? 2 : 0;
  
      pps->i_pic_init_qp = param->rc.i_rc_method == X264_RC_ABR || param->b_stitchable ? 26 + QP_BD_OFFSET : SPEC_QP( param->rc.i_qp_constant );
      pps->i_pic_init_qs = 26 + QP_BD_OFFSET;
  
      pps->i_chroma_qp_index_offset = param->analyse.i_chroma_qp_offset;
      pps->b_deblocking_filter_control = 1;
      pps->b_constrained_intra_pred = param->b_constrained_intra;
      pps->b_redundant_pic_cnt = 0;
  
      pps->b_transform_8x8_mode = param->analyse.b_transform_8x8 ? 1 : 0;
  }
  
  void x264_pps_write( bs_t *s, x264_sps_t *sps, x264_pps_t *pps )
  {
      bs_realign( s );
      bs_write_ue( s, pps->i_id );
      bs_write_ue( s, pps->i_sps_id );
  
      bs_write1( s, pps->b_cabac );
      bs_write1( s, pps->b_pic_order );
      bs_write_ue( s, pps->i_num_slice_groups - 1 );
  
      bs_write_ue( s, pps->i_num_ref_idx_l0_default_active - 1 );
      bs_write_ue( s, pps->i_num_ref_idx_l1_default_active - 1 );
      bs_write1( s, pps->b_weighted_pred );
      bs_write( s, 2, pps->b_weighted_bipred );
  
      bs_write_se( s, pps->i_pic_init_qp - 26 - QP_BD_OFFSET );
      bs_write_se( s, pps->i_pic_init_qs - 26 - QP_BD_OFFSET );
      bs_write_se( s, pps->i_chroma_qp_index_offset );
  
      bs_write1( s, pps->b_deblocking_filter_control );
      bs_write1( s, pps->b_constrained_intra_pred );
      bs_write1( s, pps->b_redundant_pic_cnt );
  
      int b_scaling_list = !sps->b_avcintra && sps->i_cqm_preset != X264_CQM_FLAT;
      if( pps->b_transform_8x8_mode || b_scaling_list )
      {
          bs_write1( s, pps->b_transform_8x8_mode );
          bs_write1( s, b_scaling_list );
          if( b_scaling_list )
          {
              scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_4IY );
              scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_4IC );
              bs_write1( s, 0 ); // Cr = Cb
              scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_4PY );
              scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_4PC );
              bs_write1( s, 0 ); // Cr = Cb
              if( pps->b_transform_8x8_mode )
              {
                  scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_8IY+4 );
                  scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_8PY+4 );
                  if( sps->i_chroma_format_idc == CHROMA_444 )
                  {
                      scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_8IC+4 );
                      scaling_list_write( s, sps, CQM_8PC+4 );
                      bs_write1( s, 0 ); // Cr = Cb
                      bs_write1( s, 0 ); // Cr = Cb
                  }
              }
          }
          bs_write_se( s, pps->i_chroma_qp_index_offset );
      }
  
      bs_rbsp_trailing( s );
      bs_flush( s );
  }
  
  void x264_sei_recovery_point_write( x264_t *h, bs_t *s, int recovery_frame_cnt )
  {
      bs_t q;
      ALIGNED_4( uint8_t tmp_buf[100] );
      M32( tmp_buf ) = 0; // shut up gcc
      bs_init( &q, tmp_buf, 100 );
  
      bs_realign( &q );
  
      bs_write_ue( &q, recovery_frame_cnt ); // recovery_frame_cnt
      bs_write1( &q, 1 );   //exact_match_flag 1
      bs_write1( &q, 0 );   //broken_link_flag 0
      bs_write( &q, 2, 0 ); //changing_slice_group 0
  
      bs_align_10( &q );
  
      x264_sei_write( s, tmp_buf, bs_pos( &q ) / 8, SEI_RECOVERY_POINT );
  }
  
  int x264_sei_version_write( x264_t *h, bs_t *s )
  {
      // random ID number generated according to ISO-11578
      static const uint8_t uuid[16] =
      {
          0xdc, 0x45, 0xe9, 0xbd, 0xe6, 0xd9, 0x48, 0xb7,
          0x96, 0x2c, 0xd8, 0x20, 0xd9, 0x23, 0xee, 0xef
      };
      char *opts = x264_param2string( &h->param, 0 );
      char *payload;
      int length;
  
      if( !opts )
          return -1;
      CHECKED_MALLOC( payload, 200 + strlen( opts ) );
  
      memcpy( payload, uuid, 16 );
      sprintf( payload+16, "x264 - core %d%s - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - "
               "Copy%s 2003-2020 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: %s",
               X264_BUILD, X264_VERSION, HAVE_GPL?"left":"right", opts );
      length = strlen(payload)+1;
  
      x264_sei_write( s, (uint8_t *)payload, length, SEI_USER_DATA_UNREGISTERED );
  
      x264_free( opts );
      x264_free( payload );
      return 0;
  fail:
      x264_free( opts );
      return -1;
  }
  
  void x264_sei_buffering_period_write( x264_t *h, bs_t *s )
  {
      x264_sps_t *sps = h->sps;
      bs_t q;
      ALIGNED_4( uint8_t tmp_buf[100] );
      M32( tmp_buf ) = 0; // shut up gcc
      bs_init( &q, tmp_buf, 100 );
  
      bs_realign( &q );
      bs_write_ue( &q, sps->i_id );
  
      if( sps->vui.b_nal_hrd_parameters_present )
      {
          bs_write( &q, sps->vui.hrd.i_initial_cpb_removal_delay_length, h->initial_cpb_removal_delay );
          bs_write( &q, sps->vui.hrd.i_initial_cpb_removal_delay_length, h->initial_cpb_removal_delay_offset );
      }
  
      bs_align_10( &q );
  
      x264_sei_write( s, tmp_buf, bs_pos( &q ) / 8, SEI_BUFFERING_PERIOD );
  }
  
  void x264_sei_pic_timing_write( x264_t *h, bs_t *s )
  {
      x264_sps_t *sps = h->sps;
      bs_t q;
      ALIGNED_4( uint8_t tmp_buf[100] );
      M32( tmp_buf ) = 0; // shut up gcc
      bs_init( &q, tmp_buf, 100 );
  
      bs_realign( &q );
  
      if( sps->vui.b_nal_hrd_parameters_present || sps->vui.b_vcl_hrd_parameters_present )
      {
          bs_write( &q, sps->vui.hrd.i_cpb_removal_delay_length, h->fenc->i_cpb_delay - h->i_cpb_delay_pir_offset );
          bs_write( &q, sps->vui.hrd.i_dpb_output_delay_length, h->fenc->i_dpb_output_delay );
      }
  
      if( sps->vui.b_pic_struct_present )
      {
          bs_write( &q, 4, h->fenc->i_pic_struct-1 ); // We use index 0 for "Auto"
  
          // These clock timestamps are not standardised so we don't set them
          // They could be time of origin, capture or alternative ideal display
          for( int i = 0; i < num_clock_ts[h->fenc->i_pic_struct]; i++ )
              bs_write1( &q, 0 ); // clock_timestamp_flag
      }
  
      bs_align_10( &q );
  
      x264_sei_write( s, tmp_buf, bs_pos( &q ) / 8, SEI_PIC_TIMING );
  }
  
  void x264_sei_frame_packing_write( x264_t *h, bs_t *s )
  {
      int quincunx_sampling_flag = h->param.i_frame_packing == 0;
      bs_t q;
      ALIGNED_4( uint8_t tmp_buf[100] );
      M32( tmp_buf ) = 0; // shut up gcc
      bs_init( &q, tmp_buf, 100 );
  
      bs_realign( &q );
  
      bs_write_ue( &q, 0 );                         // frame_packing_arrangement_id
      bs_write1( &q, 0 );                           // frame_packing_arrangement_cancel_flag
      bs_write ( &q, 7, h->param.i_frame_packing ); // frame_packing_arrangement_type
      bs_write1( &q, quincunx_sampling_flag );      // quincunx_sampling_flag
  
      // 0: views are unrelated, 1: left view is on the left, 2: left view is on the right
      bs_write ( &q, 6, h->param.i_frame_packing != 6 ); // content_interpretation_type
  
      bs_write1( &q, 0 );                           // spatial_flipping_flag
      bs_write1( &q, 0 );                           // frame0_flipped_flag
      bs_write1( &q, 0 );                           // field_views_flag
      bs_write1( &q, h->param.i_frame_packing == 5 && !(h->fenc->i_frame&1) ); // current_frame_is_frame0_flag
      bs_write1( &q, 0 );                           // frame0_self_contained_flag
      bs_write1( &q, 0 );                           // frame1_self_contained_flag
      if( quincunx_sampling_flag == 0 && h->param.i_frame_packing != 5 )
      {
          bs_write( &q, 4, 0 );                     // frame0_grid_position_x
          bs_write( &q, 4, 0 );                     // frame0_grid_position_y
          bs_write( &q, 4, 0 );                     // frame1_grid_position_x
          bs_write( &q, 4, 0 );                     // frame1_grid_position_y
      }
      bs_write( &q, 8, 0 );                         // frame_packing_arrangement_reserved_byte
      // "frame_packing_arrangement_repetition_period equal to 1 specifies that the frame packing arrangement SEI message persists in output"
      // for (i_frame_packing == 5) this will undermine current_frame_is_frame0_flag which must alternate every view sequence
      bs_write_ue( &q, h->param.i_frame_packing != 5 ); // frame_packing_arrangement_repetition_period
      bs_write1( &q, 0 );                           // frame_packing_arrangement_extension_flag
  
      bs_align_10( &q );
  
      x264_sei_write( s, tmp_buf, bs_pos( &q ) / 8, SEI_FRAME_PACKING );
  }
  
  void x264_sei_alternative_transfer_write( x264_t *h, bs_t *s )
  {
      bs_t q;
      ALIGNED_4( uint8_t tmp_buf[100] );
      M32( tmp_buf ) = 0; // shut up gcc
      bs_init( &q, tmp_buf, 100 );
  
      bs_realign( &q );
  
      bs_write ( &q, 8, h->param.i_alternative_transfer ); // preferred_transfer_characteristics
  
      bs_align_10( &q );
  
      x264_sei_write( s, tmp_buf, bs_pos( &q ) / 8, SEI_ALTERNATIVE_TRANSFER );
  }
  
  void x264_filler_write( x264_t *h, bs_t *s, int filler )
  {
      bs_realign( s );
  
      for( int i = 0; i < filler; i++ )
          bs_write( s, 8, 0xff );
  
      bs_rbsp_trailing( s );
      bs_flush( s );
  }
  
  void x264_sei_dec_ref_pic_marking_write( x264_t *h, bs_t *s )
  {
      x264_slice_header_t *sh = &h->sh_backup;
      bs_t q;
      ALIGNED_4( uint8_t tmp_buf[100] );
      M32( tmp_buf ) = 0; // shut up gcc
      bs_init( &q, tmp_buf, 100 );
  
      bs_realign( &q );
  
      /* We currently only use this for repeating B-refs, as required by Blu-ray. */
      bs_write1( &q, 0 );                 //original_idr_flag
      bs_write_ue( &q, sh->i_frame_num ); //original_frame_num
      if( !h->sps->b_frame_mbs_only )
          bs_write1( &q, 0 );             //original_field_pic_flag
  
      bs_write1( &q, sh->i_mmco_command_count > 0 );
      if( sh->i_mmco_command_count > 0 )
      {
          for( int i = 0; i < sh->i_mmco_command_count; i++ )
          {
              bs_write_ue( &q, 1 );
              bs_write_ue( &q, sh->mmco[i].i_difference_of_pic_nums - 1 );
          }
          bs_write_ue( &q, 0 );
      }
  
      bs_align_10( &q );
  
      x264_sei_write( s, tmp_buf, bs_pos( &q ) / 8, SEI_DEC_REF_PIC_MARKING );
  }
  
  int x264_sei_avcintra_umid_write( x264_t *h, bs_t *s )
  {
      uint8_t data[512];
      const char *msg = "UMID";
      const int len = 497;
  
      memset( data, 0xff, len );
      memcpy( data, avcintra_uuid, sizeof(avcintra_uuid) );
      memcpy( data+16, msg, strlen(msg) );
  
      data[20] = 0x13;
      /* These bytes appear to be some sort of frame/seconds counter in certain applications,
       * but others jump around, so leave them as zero for now */
      data[22] = data[23] = data[25] = data[26] = 0;
      data[28] = 0x14;
      data[30] = data[31] = data[33] = data[34] = 0;
      data[36] = 0x60;
      data[41] = 0x22; /* Believed to be some sort of end of basic UMID identifier */
      data[60] = 0x62;
      data[62] = data[63] = data[65] = data[66] = 0;
      data[68] = 0x63;
      data[70] = data[71] = data[73] = data[74] = 0;
  
      x264_sei_write( &h->out.bs, data, len, SEI_USER_DATA_UNREGISTERED );
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  int x264_sei_avcintra_vanc_write( x264_t *h, bs_t *s, int len )
  {
      uint8_t data[6000];
      const char *msg = "VANC";
      if( len < 0 || (unsigned)len > sizeof(data) )
      {
          x264_log( h, X264_LOG_ERROR, "AVC-Intra SEI is too large (%d)\n", len );
          return -1;
      }
  
      memset( data, 0xff, len );
      memcpy( data, avcintra_uuid, sizeof(avcintra_uuid) );
      memcpy( data+16, msg, strlen(msg) );
  
      x264_sei_write( &h->out.bs, data, len, SEI_USER_DATA_UNREGISTERED );
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  #define ERROR(...)\
  {\
      if( verbose )\
          x264_log( h, X264_LOG_WARNING, __VA_ARGS__ );\
      ret = 1;\
  }
  
  int x264_validate_levels( x264_t *h, int verbose )
  {
      int ret = 0;
      int mbs = h->sps->i_mb_width * h->sps->i_mb_height;
      int dpb = mbs * h->sps->vui.i_max_dec_frame_buffering;
      int cbp_factor = h->sps->i_profile_idc>=PROFILE_HIGH422 ? 16 :
                       h->sps->i_profile_idc==PROFILE_HIGH10 ? 12 :
                       h->sps->i_profile_idc==PROFILE_HIGH ? 5 : 4;
  
      const x264_level_t *l = x264_levels;
      while( l->level_idc != 0 && l->level_idc != h->param.i_level_idc )
          l++;
  
      if( l->frame_size < mbs
          || l->frame_size*8 < h->sps->i_mb_width * h->sps->i_mb_width
          || l->frame_size*8 < h->sps->i_mb_height * h->sps->i_mb_height )
          ERROR( "frame MB size (%dx%d) > level limit (%d)\n",
                 h->sps->i_mb_width, h->sps->i_mb_height, l->frame_size );
      if( dpb > l->dpb )
          ERROR( "DPB size (%d frames, %d mbs) > level limit (%d frames, %d mbs)\n",
                  h->sps->vui.i_max_dec_frame_buffering, dpb, l->dpb / mbs, l->dpb );
  
  #define CHECK( name, limit, val ) \
      if( (val) > (limit) ) \
          ERROR( name " (%"PRId64") > level limit (%d)\n", (int64_t)(val), (limit) );
  
      CHECK( "VBV bitrate", (l->bitrate * cbp_factor) / 4, h->param.rc.i_vbv_max_bitrate );
      CHECK( "VBV buffer", (l->cpb * cbp_factor) / 4, h->param.rc.i_vbv_buffer_size );
      CHECK( "MV range", l->mv_range, h->param.analyse.i_mv_range );
      CHECK( "interlaced", !l->frame_only, h->param.b_interlaced );
      CHECK( "fake interlaced", !l->frame_only, h->param.b_fake_interlaced );
  
      if( h->param.i_fps_den > 0 )
          CHECK( "MB rate", l->mbps, (int64_t)mbs * h->param.i_fps_num / h->param.i_fps_den );
  
      /* TODO check the rest of the limits */
      return ret;
  }
  