text: 
  /* Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
   *
   * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
   * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
   * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
   * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
   * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
   *
   * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
   * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
   *
   * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
   * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
   * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
   * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
   * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
   * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
   * IN THE SOFTWARE.
   */
  
  #include "uv.h"
  #include "task.h"
  #include <errno.h>
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <string.h>
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  # if defined(__MINGW32__)
  #  include <basetyps.h>
  # endif
  # include <shellapi.h>
  # include <wchar.h>
  #else
  # include <unistd.h>
  # include <sys/wait.h>
  #endif
  
  
  static int close_cb_called;
  static int exit_cb_called;
  static uv_process_t process;
  static uv_timer_t timer;
  static uv_process_options_t options;
  static char exepath[1024];
  static size_t exepath_size = 1024;
  static char* args[5];
  static int no_term_signal;
  #ifndef _WIN32
  static int timer_counter;
  #endif
  static uv_tcp_t tcp_server;
  
  #define OUTPUT_SIZE 1024
  static char output[OUTPUT_SIZE];
  static int output_used;
  
  
  static void close_cb(uv_handle_t* handle) {
    printf("close_cb\n");
    close_cb_called++;
  }
  
  static void exit_cb(uv_process_t* process,
                      int64_t exit_status,
                      int term_signal) {
    printf("exit_cb\n");
    exit_cb_called++;
    ASSERT(exit_status == 1);
    ASSERT(term_signal == 0);
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) process, close_cb);
  }
  
  
  static void fail_cb(uv_process_t* process,
                      int64_t exit_status,
                      int term_signal) {
    ASSERT(0 && "fail_cb called");
  }
  
  
  static void kill_cb(uv_process_t* process,
                      int64_t exit_status,
                      int term_signal) {
    int err;
  
    printf("exit_cb\n");
    exit_cb_called++;
  #ifdef _WIN32
    ASSERT(exit_status == 1);
  #else
    ASSERT(exit_status == 0);
  #endif
  #if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MVS__)
    /*
     * At least starting with Darwin Kernel Version 16.4.0, sending a SIGTERM to a
     * process that is still starting up kills it with SIGKILL instead of SIGTERM.
     * See: https://github.com/libuv/libuv/issues/1226
     */
    ASSERT(no_term_signal || term_signal == SIGTERM || term_signal == SIGKILL);
  #else
    ASSERT(no_term_signal || term_signal == SIGTERM);
  #endif
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) process, close_cb);
  
    /*
     * Sending signum == 0 should check if the
     * child process is still alive, not kill it.
     * This process should be dead.
     */
    err = uv_kill(process->pid, 0);
    ASSERT(err == UV_ESRCH);
  }
  
  static void detach_failure_cb(uv_process_t* process,
                                int64_t exit_status,
                                int term_signal) {
    printf("detach_cb\n");
    exit_cb_called++;
  }
  
  static void on_alloc(uv_handle_t* handle,
                       size_t suggested_size,
                       uv_buf_t* buf) {
    buf->base = output + output_used;
    buf->len = OUTPUT_SIZE - output_used;
  }
  
  
  static void on_read(uv_stream_t* tcp, ssize_t nread, const uv_buf_t* buf) {
    if (nread > 0) {
      output_used += nread;
    } else if (nread < 0) {
      ASSERT(nread == UV_EOF);
      uv_close((uv_handle_t*) tcp, close_cb);
    }
  }
  
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  static void on_read_once(uv_stream_t* tcp, ssize_t nread, const uv_buf_t* buf) {
    uv_read_stop(tcp);
    on_read(tcp, nread, buf);
  }
  #endif
  
  
  static void write_cb(uv_write_t* req, int status) {
    ASSERT(status == 0);
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) req->handle, close_cb);
  }
  
  
  static void init_process_options(char* test, uv_exit_cb exit_cb) {
    /* Note spawn_helper1 defined in test/run-tests.c */
    int r = uv_exepath(exepath, &exepath_size);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
    exepath[exepath_size] = '\0';
    args[0] = exepath;
    args[1] = test;
    args[2] = NULL;
    args[3] = NULL;
    args[4] = NULL;
    options.file = exepath;
    options.args = args;
    options.exit_cb = exit_cb;
    options.flags = 0;
  }
  
  
  static void timer_cb(uv_timer_t* handle) {
    uv_process_kill(&process, SIGTERM);
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) handle, close_cb);
  }
  
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  static void timer_counter_cb(uv_timer_t* handle) {
    ++timer_counter;
  }
  #endif
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_fails) {
    int r;
  
    init_process_options("", fail_cb);
    options.file = options.args[0] = "program-that-had-better-not-exist";
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == UV_ENOENT || r == UV_EACCES);
    ASSERT(0 == uv_is_active((uv_handle_t*) &process));
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) &process, NULL);
    ASSERT(0 == uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT));
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_fails_check_for_waitpid_cleanup) {
    int r;
    int status;
    int err;
  
    init_process_options("", fail_cb);
    options.file = options.args[0] = "program-that-had-better-not-exist";
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == UV_ENOENT || r == UV_EACCES);
    ASSERT(0 == uv_is_active((uv_handle_t*) &process));
    ASSERT(0 == uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT));
  
    /* verify the child is successfully cleaned up within libuv */
    do
      err = waitpid(process.pid, &status, 0);
    while (err == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  
    ASSERT(err == -1);
    ASSERT(errno == ECHILD);
  
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) &process, NULL);
    ASSERT(0 == uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT));
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  #endif
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_empty_env) {
    char* env[1];
  
    /* The autotools dynamic library build requires the presence of
     * DYLD_LIBARY_PATH (macOS) or LD_LIBRARY_PATH/LIBPATH (other Unices)
     * in the environment, but of course that doesn't work with
     * the empty environment that we're testing here.
     */
    if (NULL != getenv("DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH") ||
        NULL != getenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH") ||
        NULL != getenv("LIBPATH")) {
      RETURN_SKIP("doesn't work with DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH/LD_LIBRARY_PATH/LIBPATH");
    }
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper1", exit_cb);
    options.env = env;
    env[0] = NULL;
  
    ASSERT(0 == uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options));
    ASSERT(0 == uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT));
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 1);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_exit_code) {
    int r;
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper1", exit_cb);
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 1);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_stdout) {
    int r;
    uv_pipe_t out;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[2];
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper2", exit_cb);
  
    uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &out, 0);
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_IGNORE;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_WRITABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[1].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &out;
    options.stdio_count = 2;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_read_start((uv_stream_t*) &out, on_alloc, on_read);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 2); /* Once for process once for the pipe. */
    printf("output is: %s", output);
    ASSERT(strcmp("hello world\n", output) == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_stdout_to_file) {
    int r;
    uv_file file;
    uv_fs_t fs_req;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[2];
    uv_buf_t buf;
  
    /* Setup. */
    unlink("stdout_file");
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper2", exit_cb);
  
    r = uv_fs_open(NULL, &fs_req, "stdout_file", O_CREAT | O_RDWR,
        S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, NULL);
    ASSERT(r != -1);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    file = r;
  
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_IGNORE;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_INHERIT_FD;
    options.stdio[1].data.fd = file;
    options.stdio_count = 2;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 1);
  
    buf = uv_buf_init(output, sizeof(output));
    r = uv_fs_read(NULL, &fs_req, file, &buf, 1, 0, NULL);
    ASSERT(r == 12);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    r = uv_fs_close(NULL, &fs_req, file, NULL);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    printf("output is: %s", output);
    ASSERT(strcmp("hello world\n", output) == 0);
  
    /* Cleanup. */
    unlink("stdout_file");
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_stdout_and_stderr_to_file) {
    int r;
    uv_file file;
    uv_fs_t fs_req;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[3];
    uv_buf_t buf;
  
    /* Setup. */
    unlink("stdout_file");
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper6", exit_cb);
  
    r = uv_fs_open(NULL, &fs_req, "stdout_file", O_CREAT | O_RDWR,
        S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, NULL);
    ASSERT(r != -1);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    file = r;
  
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_IGNORE;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_INHERIT_FD;
    options.stdio[1].data.fd = file;
    options.stdio[2].flags = UV_INHERIT_FD;
    options.stdio[2].data.fd = file;
    options.stdio_count = 3;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 1);
  
    buf = uv_buf_init(output, sizeof(output));
    r = uv_fs_read(NULL, &fs_req, file, &buf, 1, 0, NULL);
    ASSERT(r == 27);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    r = uv_fs_close(NULL, &fs_req, file, NULL);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    printf("output is: %s", output);
    ASSERT(strcmp("hello world\nhello errworld\n", output) == 0);
  
    /* Cleanup. */
    unlink("stdout_file");
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_stdout_and_stderr_to_file2) {
  #ifndef _WIN32
    int r;
    uv_file file;
    uv_fs_t fs_req;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[3];
    uv_buf_t buf;
  
    /* Setup. */
    unlink("stdout_file");
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper6", exit_cb);
  
    /* Replace stderr with our file */
    r = uv_fs_open(NULL,
                   &fs_req,
                   "stdout_file",
                   O_CREAT | O_RDWR,
                   S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
                   NULL);
    ASSERT(r != -1);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
    file = dup2(r, STDERR_FILENO);
    ASSERT(file != -1);
  
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_IGNORE;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_INHERIT_FD;
    options.stdio[1].data.fd = file;
    options.stdio[2].flags = UV_INHERIT_FD;
    options.stdio[2].data.fd = file;
    options.stdio_count = 3;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 1);
  
    buf = uv_buf_init(output, sizeof(output));
    r = uv_fs_read(NULL, &fs_req, file, &buf, 1, 0, NULL);
    ASSERT(r == 27);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    r = uv_fs_close(NULL, &fs_req, file, NULL);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    printf("output is: %s", output);
    ASSERT(strcmp("hello world\nhello errworld\n", output) == 0);
  
    /* Cleanup. */
    unlink("stdout_file");
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  #else
    RETURN_SKIP("Unix only test");
  #endif
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_stdout_and_stderr_to_file_swap) {
  #ifndef _WIN32
    int r;
    uv_file stdout_file;
    uv_file stderr_file;
    uv_fs_t fs_req;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[3];
    uv_buf_t buf;
  
    /* Setup. */
    unlink("stdout_file");
    unlink("stderr_file");
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper6", exit_cb);
  
    /* open 'stdout_file' and replace STDOUT_FILENO with it */
    r = uv_fs_open(NULL,
                   &fs_req,
                   "stdout_file",
                   O_CREAT | O_RDWR,
                   S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
                   NULL);
    ASSERT(r != -1);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
    stdout_file = dup2(r, STDOUT_FILENO);
    ASSERT(stdout_file != -1);
  
    /* open 'stderr_file' and replace STDERR_FILENO with it */
    r = uv_fs_open(NULL, &fs_req, "stderr_file", O_CREAT | O_RDWR,
        S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, NULL);
    ASSERT(r != -1);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
    stderr_file = dup2(r, STDERR_FILENO);
    ASSERT(stderr_file != -1);
  
    /* now we're going to swap them: the child process' stdout will be our
     * stderr_file and vice versa */
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_IGNORE;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_INHERIT_FD;
    options.stdio[1].data.fd = stderr_file;
    options.stdio[2].flags = UV_INHERIT_FD;
    options.stdio[2].data.fd = stdout_file;
    options.stdio_count = 3;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 1);
  
    buf = uv_buf_init(output, sizeof(output));
  
    /* check the content of stdout_file */
    r = uv_fs_read(NULL, &fs_req, stdout_file, &buf, 1, 0, NULL);
    ASSERT(r >= 15);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    r = uv_fs_close(NULL, &fs_req, stdout_file, NULL);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    printf("output is: %s", output);
    ASSERT(strncmp("hello errworld\n", output, 15) == 0);
  
    /* check the content of stderr_file */
    r = uv_fs_read(NULL, &fs_req, stderr_file, &buf, 1, 0, NULL);
    ASSERT(r >= 12);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    r = uv_fs_close(NULL, &fs_req, stderr_file, NULL);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    printf("output is: %s", output);
    ASSERT(strncmp("hello world\n", output, 12) == 0);
  
    /* Cleanup. */
    unlink("stdout_file");
    unlink("stderr_file");
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  #else
    RETURN_SKIP("Unix only test");
  #endif
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_stdin) {
    int r;
    uv_pipe_t out;
    uv_pipe_t in;
    uv_write_t write_req;
    uv_buf_t buf;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[2];
    char buffer[] = "hello-from-spawn_stdin";
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper3", exit_cb);
  
    uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &out, 0);
    uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &in, 0);
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_READABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[0].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &in;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_WRITABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[1].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &out;
    options.stdio_count = 2;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    buf.base = buffer;
    buf.len = sizeof(buffer);
    r = uv_write(&write_req, (uv_stream_t*) &in, &buf, 1, write_cb);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_read_start((uv_stream_t*) &out, on_alloc, on_read);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 3); /* Once for process twice for the pipe. */
    ASSERT(strcmp(buffer, output) == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_stdio_greater_than_3) {
    int r;
    uv_pipe_t pipe;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[4];
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper5", exit_cb);
  
    uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &pipe, 0);
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_IGNORE;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_IGNORE;
    options.stdio[2].flags = UV_IGNORE;
    options.stdio[3].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_WRITABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[3].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &pipe;
    options.stdio_count = 4;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_read_start((uv_stream_t*) &pipe, on_alloc, on_read);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 2); /* Once for process once for the pipe. */
    printf("output from stdio[3] is: %s", output);
    ASSERT(strcmp("fourth stdio!\n", output) == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  int spawn_tcp_server_helper(void) {
    uv_tcp_t tcp;
    uv_os_sock_t handle;
    int r;
  
    r = uv_tcp_init(uv_default_loop(), &tcp);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
    handle = _get_osfhandle(3);
  #else
    handle = 3;
  #endif
    r = uv_tcp_open(&tcp, handle);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    /* Make sure that we can listen on a socket that was
     * passed down from the parent process
     */
    r = uv_listen((uv_stream_t*) &tcp, SOMAXCONN, NULL);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    return 1;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_tcp_server) {
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[4];
    struct sockaddr_in addr;
    int fd;
    int r;
  #ifdef _WIN32
    uv_os_fd_t handle;
  #endif
  
    init_process_options("spawn_tcp_server_helper", exit_cb);
  
    ASSERT(0 == uv_ip4_addr("127.0.0.1", TEST_PORT, &addr));
  
    fd = -1;
    r = uv_tcp_init_ex(uv_default_loop(), &tcp_server, AF_INET);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
    r = uv_tcp_bind(&tcp_server, (const struct sockaddr*) &addr, 0);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  #ifdef _WIN32
    r = uv_fileno((uv_handle_t*) &tcp_server, &handle);
    fd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t) handle, 0);
  #else
    r = uv_fileno((uv_handle_t*) &tcp_server, &fd);
   #endif
    ASSERT(r == 0);
    ASSERT(fd > 0);
  
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_INHERIT_FD;
    options.stdio[0].data.fd = 0;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_INHERIT_FD;
    options.stdio[1].data.fd = 1;
    options.stdio[2].flags = UV_INHERIT_FD;
    options.stdio[2].data.fd = 2;
    options.stdio[3].flags = UV_INHERIT_FD;
    options.stdio[3].data.fd = fd;
    options.stdio_count = 4;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 1);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_ignored_stdio) {
    int r;
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper6", exit_cb);
  
    options.stdio = NULL;
    options.stdio_count = 0;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 1);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_and_kill) {
    int r;
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper4", kill_cb);
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_timer_init(uv_default_loop(), &timer);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_timer_start(&timer, timer_cb, 500, 0);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 2); /* Once for process and once for timer. */
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_preserve_env) {
    int r;
    uv_pipe_t out;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[2];
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper7", exit_cb);
  
    uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &out, 0);
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_IGNORE;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_WRITABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[1].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &out;
    options.stdio_count = 2;
  
    r = putenv("ENV_TEST=testval");
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    /* Explicitly set options.env to NULL to test for env clobbering. */
    options.env = NULL;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_read_start((uv_stream_t*) &out, on_alloc, on_read);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 2);
  
    printf("output is: %s", output);
    ASSERT(strcmp("testval", output) == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_detached) {
    int r;
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper4", detach_failure_cb);
  
    options.flags |= UV_PROCESS_DETACHED;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    uv_unref((uv_handle_t*) &process);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 0);
  
    ASSERT(process.pid == uv_process_get_pid(&process));
  
    r = uv_kill(process.pid, 0);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_kill(process.pid, SIGTERM);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_and_kill_with_std) {
    int r;
    uv_pipe_t in, out, err;
    uv_write_t write;
    char message[] = "Nancy's joining me because the message this evening is "
                     "not my message but ours.";
    uv_buf_t buf;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[3];
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper4", kill_cb);
  
    r = uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &in, 0);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &out, 0);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &err, 0);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_READABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[0].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &in;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_WRITABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[1].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &out;
    options.stdio[2].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_WRITABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[2].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &err;
    options.stdio_count = 3;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    buf = uv_buf_init(message, sizeof message);
    r = uv_write(&write, (uv_stream_t*) &in, &buf, 1, write_cb);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_read_start((uv_stream_t*) &out, on_alloc, on_read);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_read_start((uv_stream_t*) &err, on_alloc, on_read);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_timer_init(uv_default_loop(), &timer);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_timer_start(&timer, timer_cb, 500, 0);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 5); /* process x 1, timer x 1, stdio x 3. */
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_and_ping) {
    uv_write_t write_req;
    uv_pipe_t in, out;
    uv_buf_t buf;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[2];
    int r;
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper3", exit_cb);
    buf = uv_buf_init("TEST", 4);
  
    uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &out, 0);
    uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &in, 0);
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_READABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[0].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &in;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_WRITABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[1].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &out;
    options.stdio_count = 2;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    /* Sending signum == 0 should check if the
     * child process is still alive, not kill it.
     */
    r = uv_process_kill(&process, 0);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_write(&write_req, (uv_stream_t*) &in, &buf, 1, write_cb);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_read_start((uv_stream_t*) &out, on_alloc, on_read);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(strcmp(output, "TEST") == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_same_stdout_stderr) {
    uv_write_t write_req;
    uv_pipe_t in, out;
    uv_buf_t buf;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[3];
    int r;
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper3", exit_cb);
    buf = uv_buf_init("TEST", 4);
  
    uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &out, 0);
    uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &in, 0);
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_READABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[0].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &in;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_WRITABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[1].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &out;
    options.stdio_count = 2;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    /* Sending signum == 0 should check if the
     * child process is still alive, not kill it.
     */
    r = uv_process_kill(&process, 0);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_write(&write_req, (uv_stream_t*) &in, &buf, 1, write_cb);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_read_start((uv_stream_t*) &out, on_alloc, on_read);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(strcmp(output, "TEST") == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_closed_process_io) {
    uv_pipe_t in;
    uv_write_t write_req;
    uv_buf_t buf;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[2];
    static char buffer[] = "hello-from-spawn_stdin\n";
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper3", exit_cb);
  
    uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &in, 0);
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_READABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[0].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &in;
    options.stdio_count = 1;
  
    close(0); /* Close process stdin. */
  
    ASSERT(0 == uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options));
  
    buf = uv_buf_init(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
    ASSERT(0 == uv_write(&write_req, (uv_stream_t*) &in, &buf, 1, write_cb));
  
    ASSERT(0 == uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT));
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 2); /* process, child stdin */
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(kill) {
    int r;
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
    no_term_signal = 1;
  #endif
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper4", kill_cb);
  
    /* Verify that uv_spawn() resets the signal disposition. */
  #ifndef _WIN32
    {
      sigset_t set;
      sigemptyset(&set);
      sigaddset(&set, SIGTERM);
      ASSERT(0 == pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL));
    }
    ASSERT(SIG_ERR != signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN));
  #endif
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
    {
      sigset_t set;
      sigemptyset(&set);
      sigaddset(&set, SIGTERM);
      ASSERT(0 == pthread_sigmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set, NULL));
    }
    ASSERT(SIG_ERR != signal(SIGTERM, SIG_DFL));
  #endif
  
    /* Sending signum == 0 should check if the
     * child process is still alive, not kill it.
     */
    r = uv_kill(process.pid, 0);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    /* Kill the process. */
    r = uv_kill(process.pid, SIGTERM);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 1);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_detect_pipe_name_collisions_on_windows) {
    int r;
    uv_pipe_t out;
    char name[64];
    HANDLE pipe_handle;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[2];
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper2", exit_cb);
  
    uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &out, 0);
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_IGNORE;
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_WRITABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[1].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &out;
    options.stdio_count = 2;
  
    /* Create a pipe that'll cause a collision. */
    snprintf(name,
             sizeof(name),
             "\\\\.\\pipe\\uv\\%p-%d",
             &out,
             GetCurrentProcessId());
    pipe_handle = CreateNamedPipeA(name,
                                  PIPE_ACCESS_INBOUND | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
                                  PIPE_TYPE_BYTE | PIPE_READMODE_BYTE | PIPE_WAIT,
                                  10,
                                  65536,
                                  65536,
                                  0,
                                  NULL);
    ASSERT(pipe_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_read_start((uv_stream_t*) &out, on_alloc, on_read);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 2); /* Once for process once for the pipe. */
    printf("output is: %s", output);
    ASSERT(strcmp("hello world\n", output) == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  #if !defined(USING_UV_SHARED)
  int make_program_args(char** args, int verbatim_arguments, WCHAR** dst_ptr);
  WCHAR* quote_cmd_arg(const WCHAR *source, WCHAR *target);
  
  TEST_IMPL(argument_escaping) {
    const WCHAR* test_str[] = {
      L"",
      L"HelloWorld",
      L"Hello World",
      L"Hello\"World",
      L"Hello World\\",
      L"Hello\\\"World",
      L"Hello\\World",
      L"Hello\\\\World",
      L"Hello World\\",
      L"c:\\path\\to\\node.exe --eval \"require('c:\\\\path\\\\to\\\\test.js')\""
    };
    const int count = sizeof(test_str) / sizeof(*test_str);
    WCHAR** test_output;
    WCHAR* command_line;
    WCHAR** cracked;
    size_t total_size = 0;
    int i;
    int num_args;
    int result;
  
    char* verbatim[] = {
      "cmd.exe",
      "/c",
      "c:\\path\\to\\node.exe --eval \"require('c:\\\\path\\\\to\\\\test.js')\"",
      NULL
    };
    WCHAR* verbatim_output;
    WCHAR* non_verbatim_output;
  
    test_output = calloc(count, sizeof(WCHAR*));
    ASSERT(test_output != NULL);
    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
      test_output[i] = calloc(2 * (wcslen(test_str[i]) + 2), sizeof(WCHAR));
      quote_cmd_arg(test_str[i], test_output[i]);
      wprintf(L"input : %s\n", test_str[i]);
      wprintf(L"output: %s\n", test_output[i]);
      total_size += wcslen(test_output[i]) + 1;
    }
    command_line = calloc(total_size + 1, sizeof(WCHAR));
    ASSERT(command_line != NULL);
    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
      wcscat(command_line, test_output[i]);
      wcscat(command_line, L" ");
    }
    command_line[total_size - 1] = L'\0';
  
    wprintf(L"command_line: %s\n", command_line);
  
    cracked = CommandLineToArgvW(command_line, &num_args);
    for (i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
      wprintf(L"%d: %s\t%s\n", i, test_str[i], cracked[i]);
      ASSERT(wcscmp(test_str[i], cracked[i]) == 0);
    }
  
    LocalFree(cracked);
    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
      free(test_output[i]);
    }
    free(test_output);
  
    result = make_program_args(verbatim, 1, &verbatim_output);
    ASSERT(result == 0);
    result = make_program_args(verbatim, 0, &non_verbatim_output);
    ASSERT(result == 0);
  
    wprintf(L"    verbatim_output: %s\n", verbatim_output);
    wprintf(L"non_verbatim_output: %s\n", non_verbatim_output);
  
    ASSERT(wcscmp(verbatim_output,
                  L"cmd.exe /c c:\\path\\to\\node.exe --eval "
                  L"\"require('c:\\\\path\\\\to\\\\test.js')\"") == 0);
    ASSERT(wcscmp(non_verbatim_output,
                  L"cmd.exe /c \"c:\\path\\to\\node.exe --eval "
                  L"\\\"require('c:\\\\path\\\\to\\\\test.js')\\\"\"") == 0);
  
    free(verbatim_output);
    free(non_verbatim_output);
  
    return 0;
  }
  
  int make_program_env(char** env_block, WCHAR** dst_ptr);
  
  TEST_IMPL(environment_creation) {
    size_t i;
    char* environment[] = {
      "FOO=BAR",
      "SYSTEM=ROOT", /* substring of a supplied var name */
      "SYSTEMROOTED=OMG", /* supplied var name is a substring */
      "TEMP=C:\\Temp",
      "INVALID",
      "BAZ=QUX",
      "B_Z=QUX",
      "B\xe2\x82\xacZ=QUX",
      "B\xf0\x90\x80\x82Z=QUX",
      "B\xef\xbd\xa1Z=QUX",
      "B\xf0\xa3\x91\x96Z=QUX",
      "BAZ", /* repeat, invalid variable */
      NULL
    };
    WCHAR* wenvironment[] = {
      L"BAZ=QUX",
      L"B_Z=QUX",
      L"B\x20acZ=QUX",
      L"B\xd800\xdc02Z=QUX",
      L"B\xd84d\xdc56Z=QUX",
      L"B\xff61Z=QUX",
      L"FOO=BAR",
      L"SYSTEM=ROOT", /* substring of a supplied var name */
      L"SYSTEMROOTED=OMG", /* supplied var name is a substring */
      L"TEMP=C:\\Temp",
    };
    WCHAR* from_env[] = {
      /* list should be kept in sync with list
       * in process.c, minus variables in wenvironment */
      L"HOMEDRIVE",
      L"HOMEPATH",
      L"LOGONSERVER",
      L"PATH",
      L"USERDOMAIN",
      L"USERNAME",
      L"USERPROFILE",
      L"SYSTEMDRIVE",
      L"SYSTEMROOT",
      L"WINDIR",
      /* test for behavior in the absence of a
       * required-environment variable: */
      L"ZTHIS_ENV_VARIABLE_DOES_NOT_EXIST",
    };
    int found_in_loc_env[ARRAY_SIZE(wenvironment)] = {0};
    int found_in_usr_env[ARRAY_SIZE(from_env)] = {0};
    WCHAR *expected[ARRAY_SIZE(from_env)];
    int result;
    WCHAR* str;
    WCHAR* prev;
    WCHAR* env;
  
    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(from_env); i++) {
        /* copy expected additions to environment locally */
        size_t len = GetEnvironmentVariableW(from_env[i], NULL, 0);
        if (len == 0) {
          found_in_usr_env[i] = 1;
          str = malloc(1 * sizeof(WCHAR));
          *str = 0;
          expected[i] = str;
        } else {
          size_t name_len = wcslen(from_env[i]);
          str = malloc((name_len+1+len) * sizeof(WCHAR));
          wmemcpy(str, from_env[i], name_len);
          expected[i] = str;
          str += name_len;
          *str++ = L'=';
          GetEnvironmentVariableW(from_env[i], str, len);
       }
    }
  
    result = make_program_env(environment, &env);
    ASSERT(result == 0);
  
    for (str = env, prev = NULL; *str; prev = str, str += wcslen(str) + 1) {
      int found = 0;
  #if 0
      _cputws(str);
      putchar('\n');
  #endif
      for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(wenvironment) && !found; i++) {
        if (!wcscmp(str, wenvironment[i])) {
          ASSERT(!found_in_loc_env[i]);
          found_in_loc_env[i] = 1;
          found = 1;
        }
      }
      for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(expected) && !found; i++) {
        if (!wcscmp(str, expected[i])) {
          ASSERT(!found_in_usr_env[i]);
          found_in_usr_env[i] = 1;
          found = 1;
        }
      }
      if (prev) { /* verify sort order -- requires Vista */
  #if _WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0600 && \
      (!defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR))
        ASSERT(CompareStringOrdinal(prev, -1, str, -1, TRUE) == 1);
  #endif
      }
      ASSERT(found); /* verify that we expected this variable */
    }
  
    /* verify that we found all expected variables */
    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(wenvironment); i++) {
      ASSERT(found_in_loc_env[i]);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(expected); i++) {
      ASSERT(found_in_usr_env[i]);
    }
  
    return 0;
  }
  #endif
  
  /* Regression test for issue #909 */
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_with_an_odd_path) {
    int r;
  
    char newpath[2048];
    char *path = getenv("PATH");
    ASSERT(path != NULL);
    snprintf(newpath, 2048, ";.;%s", path);
    SetEnvironmentVariable("PATH", newpath);
  
    init_process_options("", exit_cb);
    options.file = options.args[0] = "program-that-had-better-not-exist";
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == UV_ENOENT || r == UV_EACCES);
    ASSERT(0 == uv_is_active((uv_handle_t*) &process));
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) &process, NULL);
    ASSERT(0 == uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT));
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  #endif
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_setuid_setgid) {
    int r;
    struct passwd* pw;
    char uidstr[10];
    char gidstr[10];
  
    /* if not root, then this will fail. */
    uv_uid_t uid = getuid();
    if (uid != 0) {
      RETURN_SKIP("It should be run as root user");
    }
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper_setuid_setgid", exit_cb);
  
    /* become the "nobody" user. */
    pw = getpwnam("nobody");
    ASSERT(pw != NULL);
    options.uid = pw->pw_uid;
    options.gid = pw->pw_gid;
    snprintf(uidstr, sizeof(uidstr), "%d", pw->pw_uid);
    snprintf(gidstr, sizeof(gidstr), "%d", pw->pw_gid);
    options.args[2] = uidstr;
    options.args[3] = gidstr;
    options.flags = UV_PROCESS_SETUID | UV_PROCESS_SETGID;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    if (r == UV_EACCES)
      RETURN_SKIP("user 'nobody' cannot access the test runner");
  
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 1);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  #endif
  
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_setuid_fails) {
    int r;
  
    /* if root, become nobody. */
    /* On IBMi PASE, there is no nobody user. */
  #ifndef __PASE__
    uv_uid_t uid = getuid();
    if (uid == 0) {
      struct passwd* pw;
      pw = getpwnam("nobody");
      ASSERT(pw != NULL);
      ASSERT(0 == setgid(pw->pw_gid));
      ASSERT(0 == setuid(pw->pw_uid));
    }
  #endif  /* !__PASE__ */
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper1", fail_cb);
  
    options.flags |= UV_PROCESS_SETUID;
    /* On IBMi PASE, there is no root user. User may grant 
     * root-like privileges, including setting uid to 0.
     */
  #if defined(__PASE__)
    options.uid = -1;
  #else
    options.uid = 0;
  #endif
  
    /* These flags should be ignored on Unices. */
    options.flags |= UV_PROCESS_WINDOWS_HIDE;
    options.flags |= UV_PROCESS_WINDOWS_HIDE_CONSOLE;
    options.flags |= UV_PROCESS_WINDOWS_HIDE_GUI;
    options.flags |= UV_PROCESS_WINDOWS_VERBATIM_ARGUMENTS;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
  #if defined(__CYGWIN__)
    ASSERT(r == UV_EINVAL);
  #else
    ASSERT(r == UV_EPERM);
  #endif
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_setgid_fails) {
    int r;
  
    /* if root, become nobody. */
    /* On IBMi PASE, there is no nobody user. */
  #ifndef __PASE__
    uv_uid_t uid = getuid();
    if (uid == 0) {
      struct passwd* pw;
      pw = getpwnam("nobody");
      ASSERT(pw != NULL);
      ASSERT(0 == setgid(pw->pw_gid));
      ASSERT(0 == setuid(pw->pw_uid));
    }
  #endif  /* !__PASE__ */
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper1", fail_cb);
  
    options.flags |= UV_PROCESS_SETGID;
    /* On IBMi PASE, there is no root user. User may grant 
     * root-like privileges, including setting gid to 0.
     */
  #if defined(__MVS__) || defined(__PASE__)
    options.gid = -1;
  #else
    options.gid = 0;
  #endif
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
  #if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MVS__)
    ASSERT(r == UV_EINVAL);
  #else
    ASSERT(r == UV_EPERM);
  #endif
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  #endif
  
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  
  static void exit_cb_unexpected(uv_process_t* process,
                                 int64_t exit_status,
                                 int term_signal) {
    ASSERT(0 && "should not have been called");
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_setuid_fails) {
    int r;
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper1", exit_cb_unexpected);
  
    options.flags |= UV_PROCESS_SETUID;
    options.uid = (uv_uid_t) -42424242;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == UV_ENOTSUP);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_setgid_fails) {
    int r;
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper1", exit_cb_unexpected);
  
    options.flags |= UV_PROCESS_SETGID;
    options.gid = (uv_gid_t) -42424242;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == UV_ENOTSUP);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  #endif
  
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_auto_unref) {
    init_process_options("spawn_helper1", NULL);
    ASSERT(0 == uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options));
    ASSERT(0 == uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT));
    ASSERT(0 == uv_is_closing((uv_handle_t*) &process));
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) &process, NULL);
    ASSERT(0 == uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT));
    ASSERT(1 == uv_is_closing((uv_handle_t*) &process));
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_fs_open) {
    int fd;
    uv_fs_t fs_req;
    uv_pipe_t in;
    uv_write_t write_req;
    uv_buf_t buf;
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[1];
  
    fd = uv_fs_open(NULL, &fs_req, "/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0, NULL);
    ASSERT(fd >= 0);
    uv_fs_req_cleanup(&fs_req);
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper8", exit_cb);
  
    ASSERT(0 == uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &in, 0));
  
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_CREATE_PIPE | UV_READABLE_PIPE;
    options.stdio[0].data.stream = (uv_stream_t*) &in;
    options.stdio_count = 1;
  
    ASSERT(0 == uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options));
  
    buf = uv_buf_init((char*) &fd, sizeof(fd));
    ASSERT(0 == uv_write(&write_req, (uv_stream_t*) &in, &buf, 1, write_cb));
  
    ASSERT(0 == uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT));
    ASSERT(0 == uv_fs_close(NULL, &fs_req, fd, NULL));
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 2);  /* One for `in`, one for process */
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  #endif  /* !_WIN32 */
  
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  TEST_IMPL(closed_fd_events) {
    uv_stdio_container_t stdio[3];
    uv_pipe_t pipe_handle;
    int fd[2];
  
    /* create a pipe and share it with a child process */
    ASSERT(0 == pipe(fd));
  
    /* spawn_helper4 blocks indefinitely. */
    init_process_options("spawn_helper4", exit_cb);
    options.stdio_count = 3;
    options.stdio = stdio;
    options.stdio[0].flags = UV_INHERIT_FD;
    options.stdio[0].data.fd = fd[0];
    options.stdio[1].flags = UV_IGNORE;
    options.stdio[2].flags = UV_IGNORE;
  
    ASSERT(0 == uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options));
    uv_unref((uv_handle_t*) &process);
  
    /* read from the pipe with uv */
    ASSERT(0 == uv_pipe_init(uv_default_loop(), &pipe_handle, 0));
    ASSERT(0 == uv_pipe_open(&pipe_handle, fd[0]));
    fd[0] = -1;
  
    ASSERT(0 == uv_read_start((uv_stream_t*) &pipe_handle, on_alloc, on_read_once));
  
    ASSERT(1 == write(fd[1], "", 1));
  
    ASSERT(0 == uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_ONCE));
  
    /* should have received just one byte */
    ASSERT(output_used == 1);
  
    /* close the pipe and see if we still get events */
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) &pipe_handle, close_cb);
  
    ASSERT(1 == write(fd[1], "", 1));
  
    ASSERT(0 == uv_timer_init(uv_default_loop(), &timer));
    ASSERT(0 == uv_timer_start(&timer, timer_counter_cb, 10, 0));
  
    /* see if any spurious events interrupt the timer */
    if (1 == uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_ONCE))
      /* have to run again to really trigger the timer */
      ASSERT(0 == uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_ONCE));
  
    ASSERT(timer_counter == 1);
  
    /* cleanup */
    ASSERT(0 == uv_process_kill(&process, /* SIGTERM */ 15));
    ASSERT(0 == close(fd[1]));
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  #endif  /* !_WIN32 */
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_reads_child_path) {
    int r;
    int len;
    char file[64];
    char path[1024];
    char* env[3];
  
    /* Need to carry over the dynamic linker path when the test runner is
     * linked against libuv.so, see https://github.com/libuv/libuv/issues/85.
     */
  #if defined(__APPLE__)
    static const char dyld_path_var[] = "DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH";
  #elif defined(__MVS__) || defined(__PASE__)
    static const char dyld_path_var[] = "LIBPATH";
  #else
    static const char dyld_path_var[] = "LD_LIBRARY_PATH";
  #endif
  
    /* Set up the process, but make sure that the file to run is relative and
     * requires a lookup into PATH. */
    init_process_options("spawn_helper1", exit_cb);
  
    /* Set up the PATH env variable */
    for (len = strlen(exepath);
         exepath[len - 1] != '/' && exepath[len - 1] != '\\';
         len--);
    strcpy(file, exepath + len);
    exepath[len] = 0;
    strcpy(path, "PATH=");
    strcpy(path + 5, exepath);
  #if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MSYS__)
    /* Carry over the dynamic linker path in case the test runner
       is linked against cyguv-1.dll or msys-uv-1.dll, see above.  */
    {
      char* syspath = getenv("PATH");
      if (syspath != NULL) {
        strcat(path, ":");
        strcat(path, syspath);
      }
    }
  #endif
  
    env[0] = path;
    env[1] = getenv(dyld_path_var);
    env[2] = NULL;
  
    if (env[1] != NULL) {
      static char buf[1024 + sizeof(dyld_path_var)];
      snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s=%s", dyld_path_var, env[1]);
      env[1] = buf;
    }
  
    options.file = file;
    options.args[0] = file;
    options.env = env;
  
    r = uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(uv_default_loop(), UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 1);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
  static int mpipe(int *fds) {
    if (pipe(fds) == -1)
      return -1;
    if (fcntl(fds[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1 ||
        fcntl(fds[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
      close(fds[0]);
      close(fds[1]);
      return -1;
    }
    return 0;
  }
  #else
  static int mpipe(int *fds) {
    SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES attr;
    HANDLE readh, writeh;
    attr.nLength = sizeof(attr);
    attr.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
    attr.bInheritHandle = FALSE;
    if (!CreatePipe(&readh, &writeh, &attr, 0))
      return -1;
    fds[0] = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)readh, 0);
    fds[1] = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)writeh, 0);
    if (fds[0] == -1 || fds[1] == -1) {
      CloseHandle(readh);
      CloseHandle(writeh);
      return -1;
    }
    return 0;
  }
  #endif /* !_WIN32 */
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_inherit_streams) {
    uv_process_t child_req;
    uv_stdio_container_t child_stdio[2];
    int fds_stdin[2];
    int fds_stdout[2];
    uv_pipe_t pipe_stdin_child;
    uv_pipe_t pipe_stdout_child;
    uv_pipe_t pipe_stdin_parent;
    uv_pipe_t pipe_stdout_parent;
    unsigned char ubuf[OUTPUT_SIZE - 1];
    uv_buf_t buf;
    unsigned int i;
    int r;
    int bidir;
    uv_write_t write_req;
    uv_loop_t* loop;
  
    init_process_options("spawn_helper9", exit_cb);
  
    loop = uv_default_loop();
    ASSERT(uv_pipe_init(loop, &pipe_stdin_child, 0) == 0);
    ASSERT(uv_pipe_init(loop, &pipe_stdout_child, 0) == 0);
    ASSERT(uv_pipe_init(loop, &pipe_stdin_parent, 0) == 0);
    ASSERT(uv_pipe_init(loop, &pipe_stdout_parent, 0) == 0);
  
    ASSERT(mpipe(fds_stdin) != -1);
    ASSERT(mpipe(fds_stdout) != -1);
  
    ASSERT(uv_pipe_open(&pipe_stdin_child, fds_stdin[0]) == 0);
    ASSERT(uv_pipe_open(&pipe_stdout_child, fds_stdout[1]) == 0);
    ASSERT(uv_pipe_open(&pipe_stdin_parent, fds_stdin[1]) == 0);
    ASSERT(uv_pipe_open(&pipe_stdout_parent, fds_stdout[0]) == 0);
    ASSERT(uv_is_readable((uv_stream_t*) &pipe_stdin_child));
    ASSERT(uv_is_writable((uv_stream_t*) &pipe_stdout_child));
    ASSERT(uv_is_writable((uv_stream_t*) &pipe_stdin_parent));
    ASSERT(uv_is_readable((uv_stream_t*) &pipe_stdout_parent));
    /* Some systems (SVR4) open a bidirectional pipe, most don't. */
    bidir = uv_is_writable((uv_stream_t*) &pipe_stdin_child);
    ASSERT(uv_is_readable((uv_stream_t*) &pipe_stdout_child) == bidir);
    ASSERT(uv_is_readable((uv_stream_t*) &pipe_stdin_parent) == bidir);
    ASSERT(uv_is_writable((uv_stream_t*) &pipe_stdout_parent) == bidir);
  
    child_stdio[0].flags = UV_INHERIT_STREAM;
    child_stdio[0].data.stream = (uv_stream_t *) &pipe_stdin_child;
  
    child_stdio[1].flags = UV_INHERIT_STREAM;
    child_stdio[1].data.stream = (uv_stream_t *) &pipe_stdout_child;
  
    options.stdio = child_stdio;
    options.stdio_count = 2;
  
    ASSERT(uv_spawn(loop, &child_req, &options) == 0);
  
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) &pipe_stdin_child, NULL);
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) &pipe_stdout_child, NULL);
  
    buf = uv_buf_init((char*) ubuf, sizeof ubuf);
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof ubuf; ++i)
      ubuf[i] = i & 255u;
    memset(output, 0, sizeof ubuf);
  
    r = uv_write(&write_req,
                 (uv_stream_t*) &pipe_stdin_parent,
                 &buf,
                 1,
                 write_cb);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_read_start((uv_stream_t*) &pipe_stdout_parent, on_alloc, on_read);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    r = uv_run(loop, UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    ASSERT(exit_cb_called == 1);
    ASSERT(close_cb_called == 3);
  
    r = memcmp(ubuf, output, sizeof ubuf);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  }
  
  TEST_IMPL(spawn_quoted_path) {
  #ifndef _WIN32
    RETURN_SKIP("Test for Windows");
  #else
    char* quoted_path_env[2];
    args[0] = "not_existing";
    args[1] = NULL;
    options.file = args[0];
    options.args = args;
    options.exit_cb = exit_cb;
    options.flags = 0;
    /* We test if search_path works correctly with semicolons in quoted path. We
     * will use an invalid drive, so we are sure no executable is spawned. */
    quoted_path_env[0] = "PATH=\"xyz:\\test;\";xyz:\\other";
    quoted_path_env[1] = NULL;
    options.env = quoted_path_env;
  
    /* We test if libuv will not segfault. */
    uv_spawn(uv_default_loop(), &process, &options);
  
    MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY();
    return 0;
  #endif
  }
  
  /* Helper for child process of spawn_inherit_streams */
  #ifndef _WIN32
  void spawn_stdin_stdout(void) {
    char buf[1024];
    char* pbuf;
    for (;;) {
      ssize_t r, w, c;
      do {
        r = read(0, buf, sizeof buf);
      } while (r == -1 && errno == EINTR);
      if (r == 0) {
        return;
      }
      ASSERT(r > 0);
      c = r;
      pbuf = buf;
      while (c) {
        do {
          w = write(1, pbuf, (size_t)c);
        } while (w == -1 && errno == EINTR);
        ASSERT(w >= 0);
        pbuf = pbuf + w;
        c = c - w;
      }
    }
  }
  #else
  void spawn_stdin_stdout(void) {
    char buf[1024];
    char* pbuf;
    HANDLE h_stdin = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
    HANDLE h_stdout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    ASSERT(h_stdin != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
    ASSERT(h_stdout != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
    for (;;) {
      DWORD n_read;
      DWORD n_written;
      DWORD to_write;
      if (!ReadFile(h_stdin, buf, sizeof buf, &n_read, NULL)) {
        ASSERT(GetLastError() == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE);
        return;
      }
      to_write = n_read;
      pbuf = buf;
      while (to_write) {
        ASSERT(WriteFile(h_stdout, pbuf, to_write, &n_written, NULL));
        to_write -= n_written;
        pbuf += n_written;
      }
    }
  }
  #endif /* !_WIN32 */
  