text: """Unittests for $ rio merge"""
  
  
  import sys
  import os
  import logging
  
  import affine
  from click.testing import CliRunner
  import numpy as np
  from pytest import fixture
  import pytest
  
  import rasterio
  from rasterio.merge import merge
  from rasterio.rio.main import main_group
  from rasterio.transform import Affine
  
  from .conftest import requires_gdal22
  
  # Fixture to create test datasets within temporary directory
  @fixture(scope='function')
  def test_data_dir_1(tmpdir):
      kwargs = {
          "crs": {'init': 'epsg:4326'},
          "transform": affine.Affine(0.2, 0, -114,
                                     0, -0.2, 46),
          "count": 1,
          "dtype": rasterio.uint8,
          "driver": "GTiff",
          "width": 10,
          "height": 10,
          "nodata": 1
      }
  
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('b.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as dst:
          data = np.ones((10, 10), dtype=rasterio.uint8)
          data[0:6, 0:6] = 255
          dst.write(data, indexes=1)
  
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('a.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as dst:
          data = np.ones((10, 10), dtype=rasterio.uint8)
          data[4:8, 4:8] = 254
          dst.write(data, indexes=1)
  
      return tmpdir
  
  
  @fixture(scope='function')
  def test_data_dir_2(tmpdir):
      kwargs = {
          "crs": {'init': 'epsg:4326'},
          "transform": affine.Affine(0.2, 0, -114,
                                     0, -0.2, 46),
          "count": 1,
          "dtype": rasterio.uint8,
          "driver": "GTiff",
          "width": 10,
          "height": 10
          # these files have undefined nodata.
      }
  
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('b.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as dst:
          data = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype=rasterio.uint8)
          data[0:6, 0:6] = 255
          dst.write(data, indexes=1)
  
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('a.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as dst:
          data = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype=rasterio.uint8)
          data[4:8, 4:8] = 254
          dst.write(data, indexes=1)
  
      return tmpdir
  
  
  @fixture(scope='function')
  def test_data_dir_3(tmpdir):
      kwargs = {
          "crs": {'init': 'epsg:4326'},
          "transform": affine.Affine(0.2, 0, -114,
                                     0, -0.2, 46),
          "count": 2,  # important: band count > 1
          "dtype": rasterio.uint8,
          "driver": "GTiff",
          "width": 10,
          "height": 10,
          "nodata": 1
      }
  
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('b.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as dst:
          data = np.ones((2, 10, 10), dtype=rasterio.uint8)
          data[:, 0:6, 0:6] = 255
          dst.write(data)
  
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('a.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as dst:
          data = np.ones((2, 10, 10), dtype=rasterio.uint8)
          data[:, 4:8, 4:8] = 254
          dst.write(data)
  
      return tmpdir
  
  
  def test_merge_with_colormap(test_data_dir_1):
      outputname = str(test_data_dir_1.join('merged.tif'))
      inputs = [str(x) for x in test_data_dir_1.listdir()]
      inputs.sort()
  
      # Add a colormap to the first input prior merge
      with rasterio.open(inputs[0], 'r+') as src:
          src.write_colormap(1, {0: (255, 0, 0, 255), 255: (0, 0, 0, 0)})
  
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(main_group, ['merge'] + inputs + [outputname])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
      assert os.path.exists(outputname)
  
      with rasterio.open(outputname) as out:
          cmap = out.colormap(1)
          assert cmap[0] == (255, 0, 0, 255)
          assert cmap[255] == (0, 0, 0, 255)
  
  
  @requires_gdal22(
      reason="This test is sensitive to pixel values and requires GDAL 2.2+")
  def test_merge_with_nodata(test_data_dir_1):
      outputname = str(test_data_dir_1.join('merged.tif'))
      inputs = [str(x) for x in test_data_dir_1.listdir()]
      inputs.sort()
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(main_group, ['merge'] + inputs + [outputname])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
      assert os.path.exists(outputname)
      with rasterio.open(outputname) as out:
          assert out.count == 1
          data = out.read(1, masked=False)
          expected = np.ones((10, 10), dtype=rasterio.uint8)
          expected[0:6, 0:6] = 255
          expected[4:8, 4:8] = 254
          assert np.all(data == expected)
  
  
  def test_merge_warn(test_data_dir_1):
      outputname = str(test_data_dir_1.join('merged.tif'))
      inputs = [str(x) for x in test_data_dir_1.listdir()]
      inputs.sort()
      runner = CliRunner()
      with pytest.warns(UserWarning) as warnings:
          result = runner.invoke(
              main_group, ['merge'] + inputs + [outputname] + ['--nodata', '-1'])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
      assert '--nodata option for better results' in warnings[0].message.args[0]
      assert os.path.exists(outputname)
  
  
  def test_merge_bidx(test_data_dir_3):
      outputname = str(test_data_dir_3.join('merged.tif'))
      inputs = [str(x) for x in test_data_dir_3.listdir()]
      inputs.sort()
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(
          main_group, ['merge'] + inputs + [outputname] + ['--bidx', '1'])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
      assert os.path.exists(outputname)
      with rasterio.open(inputs[0]) as src:
          assert src.count > 1
      with rasterio.open(outputname) as out:
          assert out.count == 1
  
  
  @requires_gdal22(
      reason="This test is sensitive to pixel values and requires GDAL 2.2+")
  def test_merge_without_nodata(test_data_dir_2):
      outputname = str(test_data_dir_2.join('merged.tif'))
      inputs = [str(x) for x in test_data_dir_2.listdir()]
      inputs.sort()
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(main_group, ['merge'] + inputs + [outputname])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
      assert os.path.exists(outputname)
      with rasterio.open(outputname) as out:
          assert out.count == 1
          data = out.read(1, masked=False)
          expected = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype=rasterio.uint8)
          expected[0:6, 0:6] = 255
          expected[4:8, 4:8] = 254
          assert np.all(data == expected)
  
  
  def test_merge_output_exists(tmpdir):
      outputname = str(tmpdir.join('merged.tif'))
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(
          main_group, ['merge', 'tests/data/RGB.byte.tif', outputname])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
      result = runner.invoke(
          main_group, ['merge', 'tests/data/RGB.byte.tif', outputname])
      assert os.path.exists(outputname)
      with rasterio.open(outputname) as out:
          assert out.count == 3
  
  
  def test_merge_output_exists_without_nodata_fails(test_data_dir_2):
      """Fails without --overwrite"""
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(
          main_group, [
              'merge', str(test_data_dir_2.join('a.tif')),
              str(test_data_dir_2.join('b.tif'))])
      assert result.exit_code == 1
  
  
  def test_merge_output_exists_without_nodata(test_data_dir_2):
      """Succeeds with --overwrite"""
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(
          main_group, [
              'merge', '--overwrite', str(test_data_dir_2.join('a.tif')),
              str(test_data_dir_2.join('b.tif'))])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
  
  
  def test_merge_err():
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(
          main_group, ['merge', 'tests'])
      assert result.exit_code == 1
  
  
  def test_format_jpeg(tmpdir):
      outputname = str(tmpdir.join('stacked.jpg'))
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(
          main_group, [
              'merge', 'tests/data/RGB.byte.tif', outputname,
              '--format', 'JPEG'])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
      assert os.path.exists(outputname)
  
  
  # Non-coincident datasets test fixture.
  # Two overlapping GeoTIFFs, one to the NW and one to the SE.
  @fixture(scope='function')
  def test_data_dir_overlapping(tmpdir):
      kwargs = {
          "crs": {'init': 'epsg:4326'},
          "transform": affine.Affine(0.2, 0, -114,
                                     0, -0.2, 46),
          "count": 1,
          "dtype": rasterio.uint8,
          "driver": "GTiff",
          "width": 10,
          "height": 10,
          "nodata": 0
      }
  
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('se.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as dst:
          data = np.ones((10, 10), dtype=rasterio.uint8)
          dst.write(data, indexes=1)
  
      kwargs['transform'] = affine.Affine(0.2, 0, -113,
                                          0, -0.2, 45)
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('nw.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as dst:
          data = np.ones((10, 10), dtype=rasterio.uint8) * 2
          dst.write(data, indexes=1)
  
      return tmpdir
  
  
  def test_merge_overlapping(test_data_dir_overlapping):
      outputname = str(test_data_dir_overlapping.join('merged.tif'))
      inputs = [str(x) for x in test_data_dir_overlapping.listdir()]
      inputs.sort()
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(main_group, ['merge'] + inputs + [outputname])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
      assert os.path.exists(outputname)
      with rasterio.open(outputname) as out:
          assert out.count == 1
          assert out.shape == (15, 15)
          assert out.bounds == (-114, 43, -111, 46)
          data = out.read(1, masked=False)
          expected = np.zeros((15, 15), dtype=rasterio.uint8)
          expected[0:10, 0:10] = 1
          expected[5:, 5:] = 2
          assert np.all(data == expected)
  
  
  # Fixture to create test datasets within temporary directory
  @fixture(scope='function')
  def test_data_dir_float(tmpdir):
      kwargs = {
          "crs": {'init': 'epsg:4326'},
          "transform": affine.Affine(0.2, 0, -114,
                                     0, -0.2, 46),
          "count": 1,
          "dtype": rasterio.float64,
          "driver": "GTiff",
          "width": 10,
          "height": 10,
          "nodata": 0
      }
  
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('two.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as dst:
          data = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype=rasterio.float64)
          data[0:6, 0:6] = 255
          dst.write(data, indexes=1)
  
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('one.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as dst:
          data = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype=rasterio.float64)
          data[4:8, 4:8] = 254
          dst.write(data, indexes=1)
      return tmpdir
  
  
  @requires_gdal22(
      reason="This test is sensitive to pixel values and requires GDAL 2.2+")
  def test_merge_float(test_data_dir_float):
      outputname = str(test_data_dir_float.join('merged.tif'))
      inputs = [str(x) for x in test_data_dir_float.listdir()]
      inputs.sort()
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(
          main_group, ['merge'] + inputs + [outputname] + ['--nodata', '-1.5'])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
      assert os.path.exists(outputname)
      with rasterio.open(outputname) as out:
          assert out.count == 1
          data = out.read(1, masked=False)
          expected = np.ones((10, 10), dtype=rasterio.float64) * -1.5
          expected[0:6, 0:6] = 255
          expected[4:8, 4:8] = 254
          assert np.all(data == expected)
  
  
  # Test below comes from issue #288. There was an off-by-one error in
  # pasting image data into the canvas array.
  
  @fixture(scope='function')
  def tiffs(tmpdir):
  
      data = np.ones((1, 1, 1), 'uint8')
  
      kwargs = {
          'count': '1',
          'driver': 'GTiff',
          'dtype': 'uint8',
          'height': 1,
          'width': 1}
  
      kwargs['transform'] = Affine(1, 0, 1,
                                   0, -1, 1)
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('a-sw.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as r:
          r.write(data * 40)
  
      kwargs['transform'] = Affine(1, 0, 2,
                                   0, -1, 2)
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('b-ct.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as r:
          r.write(data * 60)
  
      kwargs['transform'] = Affine(2, 0, 3,
                                   0, -2, 4)
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('c-ne.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as r:
          r.write(data * 90)
  
      kwargs['transform'] = Affine(2, 0, 2,
                                   0, -2, 4)
      with rasterio.open(str(tmpdir.join('d-ne.tif')), 'w', **kwargs) as r:
          r.write(data * 120)
  
      return tmpdir
  
  
  def test_merge_tiny_base(tiffs):
      outputname = str(tiffs.join('merged.tif'))
      inputs = [str(x) for x in tiffs.listdir()]
      inputs.sort()
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(main_group, ['merge'] + inputs + [outputname])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
  
      # Output should be
      #
      # [[  0 120  90  90]
      #  [  0 120  90  90]
      #  [  0  60   0   0]
      #  [ 40   0   0   0]]
  
      with rasterio.open(outputname) as src:
          data = src.read()
          print(data)
          assert (data[0][0:2, 1] == 120).all()
          assert (data[0][0:2, 2:4] == 90).all()
          assert data[0][2][1] == 60
          assert data[0][3][0] == 40
  
  
  def test_merge_tiny_output_opt(tiffs):
      outputname = str(tiffs.join('merged.tif'))
      inputs = [str(x) for x in tiffs.listdir()]
      inputs.sort()
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(main_group, ['merge'] + inputs + ['-o', outputname])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
  
      # Output should be
      #
      # [[  0 120  90  90]
      #  [  0 120  90  90]
      #  [  0  60   0   0]
      #  [ 40   0   0   0]]
  
      with rasterio.open(outputname) as src:
          data = src.read()
          assert (data[0][0:2, 1] == 120).all()
          assert (data[0][0:2, 2:4] == 90).all()
          assert data[0][2][1] == 60
          assert data[0][3][0] == 40
  
  
  @requires_gdal22(
      reason="This test is sensitive to pixel values and requires GDAL 2.2+")
  @pytest.mark.xfail(sys.version_info < (3,),
                     reason="Test is sensitive to rounding behavior")
  def test_merge_tiny_res_bounds(tiffs):
      outputname = str(tiffs.join('merged.tif'))
      inputs = [str(x) for x in tiffs.listdir()]
      inputs.sort()
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(
          main_group, ['merge'] + inputs + [outputname, '--res', 2, '--bounds', '1, 0, 5, 4'])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
  
      # Output should be
      # [[[0  90]
      #   [0   0]]]
  
      with rasterio.open(outputname) as src:
          data = src.read()
          print(data)
          assert data[0, 0, 0] == 0
          assert data[0, 0, 1] == 90
          assert data[0, 1, 0] == 0
          assert data[0, 1, 1] == 0
  
  
  def test_merge_rgb(tmpdir):
      """Get back original image"""
      outputname = str(tmpdir.join('merged.tif'))
      inputs = [
          'tests/data/rgb1.tif',
          'tests/data/rgb2.tif',
          'tests/data/rgb3.tif',
          'tests/data/rgb4.tif']
      runner = CliRunner()
      result = runner.invoke(main_group, ['merge'] + inputs + [outputname])
      assert result.exit_code == 0
  
      with rasterio.open(outputname) as src:
          assert [src.checksum(i) for i in src.indexes] == [25420, 29131, 37860]
  
  
  def test_merge_tiny_intres(tiffs):
      inputs = [str(x) for x in tiffs.listdir()]
      inputs.sort()
      datasets = [rasterio.open(x) for x in inputs]
      merge(datasets, res=2)
  