text: /*
   * This file is included by vm.c
   */
  
  #include "id_table.h"
  
  #define METHOD_DEBUG 0
  
  static int vm_redefinition_check_flag(VALUE klass);
  static void rb_vm_check_redefinition_opt_method(const rb_method_entry_t *me, VALUE klass);
  
  #define object_id           idObject_id
  #define added               idMethod_added
  #define singleton_added     idSingleton_method_added
  #define removed             idMethod_removed
  #define singleton_removed   idSingleton_method_removed
  #define undefined           idMethod_undefined
  #define singleton_undefined idSingleton_method_undefined
  #define attached            id__attached__
  
  #define ruby_running (GET_VM()->running)
  /* int ruby_running = 0; */
  
  static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
  vm_ccs_dump_i(ID mid, VALUE val, void *data)
  {
      const struct rb_class_cc_entries *ccs = (struct rb_class_cc_entries *)val;
      fprintf(stderr,     "  | %s (len:%d) ", rb_id2name(mid), ccs->len);
      rp(ccs->cme);
  
      for (int i=0; i<ccs->len; i++) {
          fprintf(stderr, "  | [%d]\t", i); vm_ci_dump(ccs->entries[i].ci);
          rp_m(           "  |   \t", ccs->entries[i].cc);
      }
  
      return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
  }
  
  static void
  vm_ccs_dump(VALUE klass, ID target_mid)
  {
      struct rb_id_table *cc_tbl = RCLASS_CC_TBL(klass);
      if (cc_tbl) {
          const struct rb_class_cc_entries *ccs;
          if (target_mid) {
              if (rb_id_table_lookup(cc_tbl, target_mid, (VALUE *)&ccs)) {
                  fprintf(stderr, "  [CCTB] %p\n", (void *)cc_tbl);
                  vm_ccs_dump_i(target_mid, (VALUE)ccs, NULL);
              }
          }
          else {
              fprintf(stderr, "  [CCTB] %p\n", (void *)cc_tbl);
              rb_id_table_foreach(cc_tbl, vm_ccs_dump_i, (void *)target_mid);
          }
      }
  }
  
  static enum rb_id_table_iterator_result
  vm_cme_dump_i(ID mid, VALUE val, void *data)
  {
      ID target_mid = (ID)data;
      if (target_mid == 0 || mid == target_mid) {
          rp_m("  > ", val);
      }
      return ID_TABLE_CONTINUE;
  }
  
  static VALUE
  vm_mtbl_dump(VALUE klass, ID target_mid)
  {
      fprintf(stderr, "# vm_mtbl\n");
      while (klass) {
          rp_m("  -> ", klass);
          rb_method_entry_t *me;
  
          if (RCLASS_M_TBL(klass)) {
              if (target_mid != 0) {
                  if (rb_id_table_lookup(RCLASS_M_TBL(klass), target_mid, (VALUE *)&me)) {
                      rp_m("  [MTBL] ", me);
                  }
              }
              else {
                  fprintf(stderr, "  ## RCLASS_M_TBL (%p)\n", (void *)RCLASS_M_TBL(klass));
                  rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_M_TBL(klass), vm_cme_dump_i, NULL);
              }
          }
          else {
              fprintf(stderr, "    MTBL: NULL\n");
          }
          if (RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL(klass)) {
              if (target_mid != 0) {
                  if (rb_id_table_lookup(RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL(klass), target_mid, (VALUE *)&me)) {
                      rp_m("  [CM**] ", me);
                  }
              }
              else {
                  fprintf(stderr, "  ## RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL\n");
                  rb_id_table_foreach(RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL(klass), vm_cme_dump_i, NULL);
              }
          }
          if (RCLASS_CC_TBL(klass)) {
              vm_ccs_dump(klass, target_mid);
          }
          klass = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
      }
      return Qnil;
  }
  
  void
  rb_vm_mtbl_dump(const char *msg, VALUE klass, ID target_mid)
  {
      fprintf(stderr, "[%s] ", msg);
      vm_mtbl_dump(klass, target_mid);
  }
  
  static inline void
  vm_cme_invalidate(rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme)
  {
      VM_ASSERT(IMEMO_TYPE_P(cme, imemo_ment));
      VM_ASSERT(callable_method_entry_p(cme));
      METHOD_ENTRY_INVALIDATED_SET(cme);
      RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(cc_cme_invalidate);
  }
  
  void
  rb_clear_constant_cache(void)
  {
      INC_GLOBAL_CONSTANT_STATE();
  }
  
  static void
  invalidate_negative_cache(ID mid)
  {
      const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme;
      rb_vm_t *vm = GET_VM();
  
      if (rb_id_table_lookup(vm->negative_cme_table, mid, (VALUE *)&cme)) {
          rb_id_table_delete(vm->negative_cme_table, mid);
          vm_cme_invalidate((rb_callable_method_entry_t *)cme);
          RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(cc_invalidate_negative);
      }
  }
  
  static rb_method_entry_t *rb_method_entry_alloc(ID called_id, VALUE owner, VALUE defined_class, const rb_method_definition_t *def);
  const rb_method_entry_t * rb_method_entry_clone(const rb_method_entry_t *src_me);
  static const rb_callable_method_entry_t *complemented_callable_method_entry(VALUE klass, ID id);
  
  static void
  clear_method_cache_by_id_in_class(VALUE klass, ID mid)
  {
      VM_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS));
      if (rb_objspace_garbage_object_p(klass)) return;
  
      if (LIKELY(RCLASS_SUBCLASSES(klass) == NULL)) {
          // no subclasses
          // check only current class
  
          struct rb_id_table *cc_tbl = RCLASS_CC_TBL(klass);
          struct rb_class_cc_entries *ccs;
  
          // invalidate CCs
          if (cc_tbl && rb_id_table_lookup(cc_tbl, mid, (VALUE *)&ccs)) {
              if (NIL_P(ccs->cme->owner)) invalidate_negative_cache(mid);
              rb_vm_ccs_free(ccs);
              rb_id_table_delete(cc_tbl, mid);
              RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(cc_invalidate_leaf_ccs);
          }
  
          // remove from callable_m_tbl, if exists
          struct rb_id_table *cm_tbl;
          if ((cm_tbl = RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL(klass)) != NULL) {
              rb_id_table_delete(cm_tbl, mid);
              RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(cc_invalidate_leaf_callable);
          }
          RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(cc_invalidate_leaf);
      }
      else {
          const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme = complemented_callable_method_entry(klass, mid);
  
          if (cme) {
              // invalidate cme if found to invalidate the inline method cache.
              if (METHOD_ENTRY_CACHED(cme)) {
                  if (METHOD_ENTRY_COMPLEMENTED(cme)) {
                      // do nothing
                  }
                  else {
                      // invalidate cc by invalidating cc->cme
                      VALUE owner = cme->owner;
                      VM_ASSERT(BUILTIN_TYPE(owner) == T_CLASS);
                      const rb_method_entry_t *new_cme = rb_method_entry_clone((const rb_method_entry_t *)cme);
                      VALUE origin = RCLASS_ORIGIN(owner);
                      rb_method_table_insert(origin, RCLASS_M_TBL(origin), mid, new_cme);
                  }
  
                  vm_cme_invalidate((rb_callable_method_entry_t *)cme);
                  RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(cc_invalidate_tree_cme);
              }
  
              // invalidate complement tbl
              if (METHOD_ENTRY_COMPLEMENTED(cme)) {
                  VALUE defined_class = cme->defined_class;
                  struct rb_id_table *cm_tbl = RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL(defined_class);
                  VM_ASSERT(cm_tbl != NULL);
                  int r = rb_id_table_delete(cm_tbl, mid);
                  VM_ASSERT(r == TRUE); (void)r;
                  RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(cc_invalidate_tree_callable);
              }
  
              RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(cc_invalidate_tree);
          }
          else {
              invalidate_negative_cache(mid);
          }
      }
  }
  
  static void
  clear_iclass_method_cache_by_id(VALUE iclass, VALUE d)
  {
      VM_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(iclass, T_ICLASS));
      ID mid = (ID)d;
      clear_method_cache_by_id_in_class(iclass, mid);
  }
  
  static void
  clear_iclass_method_cache_by_id_for_refinements(VALUE klass, VALUE d)
  {
      if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS)) {
          ID mid = (ID)d;
          clear_method_cache_by_id_in_class(klass, mid);
      }
  }
  
  void
  rb_clear_method_cache(VALUE klass_or_module, ID mid)
  {
      if (RB_TYPE_P(klass_or_module, T_MODULE)) {
          VALUE module = klass_or_module; // alias
  
          if (FL_TEST(module, RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT)) {
              VALUE refined_class = rb_refinement_module_get_refined_class(module);
              rb_clear_method_cache(refined_class, mid);
              rb_class_foreach_subclass(refined_class, clear_iclass_method_cache_by_id_for_refinements, mid);
          }
          rb_class_foreach_subclass(module, clear_iclass_method_cache_by_id, mid);
      }
      else {
          clear_method_cache_by_id_in_class(klass_or_module, mid);
      }
  }
  
  // gc.c
  void rb_cc_table_free(VALUE klass);
  
  static int
  invalidate_all_cc(void *vstart, void *vend, size_t stride, void *data)
  {
      VALUE v = (VALUE)vstart;
      for (; v != (VALUE)vend; v += stride) {
          void *ptr = asan_poisoned_object_p(v);
          asan_unpoison_object(v, false);
          if (RBASIC(v)->flags) { // liveness check
              if (RB_TYPE_P(v, T_CLASS) ||
                  RB_TYPE_P(v, T_ICLASS)) {
                  if (RCLASS_CC_TBL(v)) {
                      rb_cc_table_free(v);
                  }
                  RCLASS_CC_TBL(v) = NULL;
              }
          }
          if (ptr) {
              asan_poison_object(v);
          }
      }
      return 0; // continue to iteration
  }
  
  void
  rb_clear_method_cache_all(void)
  {
      rb_objspace_each_objects(invalidate_all_cc, NULL);
  }
  
  void
  rb_method_table_insert(VALUE klass, struct rb_id_table *table, ID method_id, const rb_method_entry_t *me)
  {
      VALUE table_owner = klass;
      if (RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS) && !RICLASS_OWNS_M_TBL_P(klass)) {
          table_owner = RBASIC(table_owner)->klass;
      }
      VM_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(table_owner, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(table_owner, T_ICLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(table_owner, T_MODULE));
      VM_ASSERT(table == RCLASS_M_TBL(table_owner));
      rb_id_table_insert(table, method_id, (VALUE)me);
      RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(table_owner, Qundef, (VALUE)me);
  }
  
  VALUE
  rb_f_notimplement(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE obj, VALUE marker)
  {
      rb_notimplement();
  
      UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
  }
  
  static void
  rb_define_notimplement_method_id(VALUE mod, ID id, rb_method_visibility_t visi)
  {
      rb_add_method(mod, id, VM_METHOD_TYPE_NOTIMPLEMENTED, (void *)1, visi);
  }
  
  void
  rb_add_method_cfunc(VALUE klass, ID mid, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS), int argc, rb_method_visibility_t visi)
  {
      if (argc < -2 || 15 < argc) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "arity out of range: %d for -2..15", argc);
      if (func != rb_f_notimplement) {
  	rb_method_cfunc_t opt;
  	opt.func = func;
  	opt.argc = argc;
          rb_add_method(klass, mid, VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC, &opt, visi);
      }
      else {
  	rb_define_notimplement_method_id(klass, mid, visi);
      }
  }
  
  static void
  rb_method_definition_release(rb_method_definition_t *def, int complemented)
  {
      if (def != NULL) {
  	const int alias_count = def->alias_count;
  	const int complemented_count = def->complemented_count;
  	VM_ASSERT(alias_count >= 0);
  	VM_ASSERT(complemented_count >= 0);
  
  	if (alias_count + complemented_count == 0) {
              if (METHOD_DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "-%p-%s:%d,%d (remove)\n", (void *)def,
                                        rb_id2name(def->original_id), alias_count, complemented_count);
              VM_ASSERT(def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_BMETHOD ? def->body.bmethod.hooks == NULL : TRUE);
  	    xfree(def);
  	}
  	else {
              if (complemented) {
                  VM_ASSERT(def->complemented_count > 0);
                  def->complemented_count--;
              }
              else if (def->alias_count > 0) {
                  def->alias_count--;
              }
  
  	    if (METHOD_DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "-%p-%s:%d->%d,%d->%d (dec)\n", (void *)def, rb_id2name(def->original_id),
  				      alias_count, def->alias_count, complemented_count, def->complemented_count);
  	}
      }
  }
  
  void
  rb_free_method_entry(const rb_method_entry_t *me)
  {
      rb_method_definition_release(me->def, METHOD_ENTRY_COMPLEMENTED(me));
  }
  
  static inline rb_method_entry_t *search_method(VALUE klass, ID id, VALUE *defined_class_ptr);
  extern int rb_method_definition_eq(const rb_method_definition_t *d1, const rb_method_definition_t *d2);
  
  static VALUE
  (*call_cfunc_invoker_func(int argc))(VALUE recv, int argc, const VALUE *, VALUE (*func)(ANYARGS))
  {
      if (!GET_THREAD()->ext_config.ractor_safe) {
          switch (argc) {
            case -2: return &call_cfunc_m2;
            case -1: return &call_cfunc_m1;
            case 0: return &call_cfunc_0;
            case 1: return &call_cfunc_1;
            case 2: return &call_cfunc_2;
            case 3: return &call_cfunc_3;
            case 4: return &call_cfunc_4;
            case 5: return &call_cfunc_5;
            case 6: return &call_cfunc_6;
            case 7: return &call_cfunc_7;
            case 8: return &call_cfunc_8;
            case 9: return &call_cfunc_9;
            case 10: return &call_cfunc_10;
            case 11: return &call_cfunc_11;
            case 12: return &call_cfunc_12;
            case 13: return &call_cfunc_13;
            case 14: return &call_cfunc_14;
            case 15: return &call_cfunc_15;
            default:
              rb_bug("unsupported length: %d", argc);
          }
      }
      else {
          switch (argc) {
            case -2: return &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_m2;
            case -1: return &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_m1;
            case 0: return  &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_0;
            case 1: return  &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_1;
            case 2: return  &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_2;
            case 3: return  &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_3;
            case 4: return  &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_4;
            case 5: return  &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_5;
            case 6: return  &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_6;
            case 7: return  &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_7;
            case 8: return  &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_8;
            case 9: return  &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_9;
            case 10: return &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_10;
            case 11: return &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_11;
            case 12: return &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_12;
            case 13: return &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_13;
            case 14: return &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_14;
            case 15: return &ractor_safe_call_cfunc_15;
            default:
              rb_bug("unsupported length: %d", argc);
          }
      }
  }
  
  static void
  setup_method_cfunc_struct(rb_method_cfunc_t *cfunc, VALUE (*func)(), int argc)
  {
      cfunc->func = func;
      cfunc->argc = argc;
      cfunc->invoker = call_cfunc_invoker_func(argc);
  }
  
  MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED void
  rb_method_definition_set(const rb_method_entry_t *me, rb_method_definition_t *def, void *opts)
  {
      *(rb_method_definition_t **)&me->def = def;
  
      if (opts != NULL) {
  	switch (def->type) {
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ:
  	    {
  		rb_method_iseq_t *iseq_body = (rb_method_iseq_t *)opts;
  		rb_cref_t *method_cref, *cref = iseq_body->cref;
  
  		/* setup iseq first (before invoking GC) */
  		RB_OBJ_WRITE(me, &def->body.iseq.iseqptr, iseq_body->iseqptr);
  
  		if (0) vm_cref_dump("rb_method_definition_create", cref);
  
  		if (cref) {
  		    method_cref = cref;
  		}
  		else {
  		    method_cref = vm_cref_new_toplevel(GET_EC()); /* TODO: can we reuse? */
  		}
  
  		RB_OBJ_WRITE(me, &def->body.iseq.cref, method_cref);
  		return;
  	    }
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC:
  	    {
  		rb_method_cfunc_t *cfunc = (rb_method_cfunc_t *)opts;
  		setup_method_cfunc_struct(UNALIGNED_MEMBER_PTR(def, body.cfunc), cfunc->func, cfunc->argc);
  		return;
  	    }
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ATTRSET:
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_IVAR:
  	    {
  		const rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
  		rb_control_frame_t *cfp;
  		int line;
  
  		def->body.attr.id = (ID)(VALUE)opts;
  
  		cfp = rb_vm_get_ruby_level_next_cfp(ec, ec->cfp);
  
  		if (cfp && (line = rb_vm_get_sourceline(cfp))) {
  		    VALUE location = rb_ary_new3(2, rb_iseq_path(cfp->iseq), INT2FIX(line));
  		    RB_OBJ_WRITE(me, &def->body.attr.location, rb_ary_freeze(location));
  		}
  		else {
  		    VM_ASSERT(def->body.attr.location == 0);
  		}
  		return;
  	    }
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_BMETHOD:
              RB_OBJ_WRITE(me, &def->body.bmethod.proc, (VALUE)opts);
              RB_OBJ_WRITE(me, &def->body.bmethod.defined_ractor, rb_ractor_self(GET_RACTOR()));
  	    return;
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_NOTIMPLEMENTED:
  	    setup_method_cfunc_struct(UNALIGNED_MEMBER_PTR(def, body.cfunc), rb_f_notimplement, -1);
  	    return;
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_OPTIMIZED:
              def->body.optimize_type = (enum method_optimized_type)(intptr_t)opts;
  	    return;
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED:
  	    {
  		const rb_method_refined_t *refined = (rb_method_refined_t *)opts;
  		RB_OBJ_WRITE(me, &def->body.refined.orig_me, refined->orig_me);
  		RB_OBJ_WRITE(me, &def->body.refined.owner, refined->owner);
  		return;
  	    }
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS:
  	    RB_OBJ_WRITE(me, &def->body.alias.original_me, (rb_method_entry_t *)opts);
  	    return;
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ZSUPER:
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF:
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_MISSING:
  	    return;
  	}
      }
  }
  
  static void
  method_definition_reset(const rb_method_entry_t *me)
  {
      rb_method_definition_t *def = me->def;
  
      switch(def->type) {
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ:
  	RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(me, Qundef, def->body.iseq.iseqptr);
  	RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(me, Qundef, def->body.iseq.cref);
  	break;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ATTRSET:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_IVAR:
  	RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(me, Qundef, def->body.attr.location);
  	break;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_BMETHOD:
          RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(me, Qundef, def->body.bmethod.proc);
          RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(me, Qundef, def->body.bmethod.defined_ractor);
          /* give up to check all in a list */
          if (def->body.bmethod.hooks) rb_gc_writebarrier_remember((VALUE)me);
  	break;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED:
  	RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(me, Qundef, def->body.refined.orig_me);
  	RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(me, Qundef, def->body.refined.owner);
  	break;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS:
  	RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(me, Qundef, def->body.alias.original_me);
  	break;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ZSUPER:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_MISSING:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_OPTIMIZED:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_NOTIMPLEMENTED:
  	break;
      }
  }
  
  MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED rb_method_definition_t *
  rb_method_definition_create(rb_method_type_t type, ID mid)
  {
      rb_method_definition_t *def;
      def = ZALLOC(rb_method_definition_t);
      def->type = type;
      def->original_id = mid;
      static uintptr_t method_serial = 1;
      def->method_serial = method_serial++;
      return def;
  }
  
  static rb_method_definition_t *
  method_definition_addref(rb_method_definition_t *def)
  {
      def->alias_count++;
      if (METHOD_DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "+%p-%s:%d\n", (void *)def, rb_id2name(def->original_id), def->alias_count);
      return def;
  }
  
  static rb_method_definition_t *
  method_definition_addref_complement(rb_method_definition_t *def)
  {
      def->complemented_count++;
      if (METHOD_DEBUG) fprintf(stderr, "+%p-%s:%d\n", (void *)def, rb_id2name(def->original_id), def->complemented_count);
      return def;
  }
  
  static rb_method_entry_t *
  rb_method_entry_alloc(ID called_id, VALUE owner, VALUE defined_class, const rb_method_definition_t *def)
  {
      rb_method_entry_t *me = (rb_method_entry_t *)rb_imemo_new(imemo_ment, (VALUE)def, (VALUE)called_id, owner, defined_class);
      return me;
  }
  
  static VALUE
  filter_defined_class(VALUE klass)
  {
      switch (BUILTIN_TYPE(klass)) {
        case T_CLASS:
  	return klass;
        case T_MODULE:
  	return 0;
        case T_ICLASS:
  	break;
        default:
          break;
      }
      rb_bug("filter_defined_class: %s", rb_obj_info(klass));
  }
  
  rb_method_entry_t *
  rb_method_entry_create(ID called_id, VALUE klass, rb_method_visibility_t visi, const rb_method_definition_t *def)
  {
      rb_method_entry_t *me = rb_method_entry_alloc(called_id, klass, filter_defined_class(klass), def);
      METHOD_ENTRY_FLAGS_SET(me, visi, ruby_running ? FALSE : TRUE);
      if (def != NULL) method_definition_reset(me);
      return me;
  }
  
  const rb_method_entry_t *
  rb_method_entry_clone(const rb_method_entry_t *src_me)
  {
      rb_method_entry_t *me = rb_method_entry_alloc(src_me->called_id, src_me->owner, src_me->defined_class,
                                                    method_definition_addref(src_me->def));
      if (METHOD_ENTRY_COMPLEMENTED(src_me)) {
          method_definition_addref_complement(src_me->def);
      }
  
      METHOD_ENTRY_FLAGS_COPY(me, src_me);
      return me;
  }
  
  MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  rb_method_entry_complement_defined_class(const rb_method_entry_t *src_me, ID called_id, VALUE defined_class)
  {
      rb_method_definition_t *def = src_me->def;
      rb_method_entry_t *me;
      struct {
  	const struct rb_method_entry_struct *orig_me;
  	VALUE owner;
      } refined = {0};
  
      if (!src_me->defined_class &&
  	def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED &&
  	def->body.refined.orig_me) {
  	const rb_method_entry_t *orig_me =
  	    rb_method_entry_clone(def->body.refined.orig_me);
  	RB_OBJ_WRITE((VALUE)orig_me, &orig_me->defined_class, defined_class);
  	refined.orig_me = orig_me;
  	refined.owner = orig_me->owner;
  	def = NULL;
      }
      else {
  	def = method_definition_addref_complement(def);
      }
      me = rb_method_entry_alloc(called_id, src_me->owner, defined_class, def);
      METHOD_ENTRY_FLAGS_COPY(me, src_me);
      METHOD_ENTRY_COMPLEMENTED_SET(me);
      if (!def) {
  	def = rb_method_definition_create(VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED, called_id);
  	rb_method_definition_set(me, def, &refined);
      }
  
      VM_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(me->owner, T_MODULE));
  
      return (rb_callable_method_entry_t *)me;
  }
  
  void
  rb_method_entry_copy(rb_method_entry_t *dst, const rb_method_entry_t *src)
  {
      *(rb_method_definition_t **)&dst->def = method_definition_addref(src->def);
      method_definition_reset(dst);
      dst->called_id = src->called_id;
      RB_OBJ_WRITE((VALUE)dst, &dst->owner, src->owner);
      RB_OBJ_WRITE((VALUE)dst, &dst->defined_class, src->defined_class);
      METHOD_ENTRY_FLAGS_COPY(dst, src);
  }
  
  static void
  make_method_entry_refined(VALUE owner, rb_method_entry_t *me)
  {
      if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
  	return;
      }
      else {
  	struct {
  	    struct rb_method_entry_struct *orig_me;
  	    VALUE owner;
  	} refined;
  	rb_method_definition_t *def;
  
  	rb_vm_check_redefinition_opt_method(me, me->owner);
  
  	refined.orig_me =
  	    rb_method_entry_alloc(me->called_id, me->owner,
  				  me->defined_class ?
  				  me->defined_class : owner,
  				  method_definition_addref(me->def));
  	METHOD_ENTRY_FLAGS_COPY(refined.orig_me, me);
  	refined.owner = owner;
  
  	def = rb_method_definition_create(VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED, me->called_id);
  	rb_method_definition_set(me, def, (void *)&refined);
  	METHOD_ENTRY_VISI_SET(me, METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
      }
  }
  
  static inline rb_method_entry_t *
  lookup_method_table(VALUE klass, ID id)
  {
      st_data_t body;
      struct rb_id_table *m_tbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass);
  
      if (rb_id_table_lookup(m_tbl, id, &body)) {
  	return (rb_method_entry_t *) body;
      }
      else {
  	return 0;
      }
  }
  
  void
  rb_add_refined_method_entry(VALUE refined_class, ID mid)
  {
      rb_method_entry_t *me = lookup_method_table(refined_class, mid);
  
      if (me) {
  	make_method_entry_refined(refined_class, me);
  	rb_clear_method_cache(refined_class, mid);
      }
      else {
  	rb_add_method(refined_class, mid, VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED, 0, METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
      }
  }
  
  static void
  check_override_opt_method_i(VALUE klass, VALUE arg)
  {
      ID mid = (ID)arg;
      const rb_method_entry_t *me, *newme;
  
      if (vm_redefinition_check_flag(klass)) {
  	me = lookup_method_table(RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass), mid);
  	if (me) {
  	    newme = rb_method_entry(klass, mid);
  	    if (newme != me) rb_vm_check_redefinition_opt_method(me, me->owner);
  	}
      }
      rb_class_foreach_subclass(klass, check_override_opt_method_i, (VALUE)mid);
  }
  
  static void
  check_override_opt_method(VALUE klass, VALUE mid)
  {
      if (rb_vm_check_optimizable_mid(mid)) {
          check_override_opt_method_i(klass, mid);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   * klass->method_table[mid] = method_entry(defined_class, visi, def)
   *
   * If def is given (!= NULL), then just use it and ignore original_id and otps.
   * If not given, then make a new def with original_id and opts.
   */
  static rb_method_entry_t *
  rb_method_entry_make(VALUE klass, ID mid, VALUE defined_class, rb_method_visibility_t visi,
  		     rb_method_type_t type, rb_method_definition_t *def, ID original_id, void *opts)
  {
      rb_method_entry_t *me;
      struct rb_id_table *mtbl;
      st_data_t data;
      int make_refined = 0;
      VALUE orig_klass;
  
      if (NIL_P(klass)) {
  	klass = rb_cObject;
      }
      orig_klass = klass;
  
      if (!FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON) &&
  	type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_NOTIMPLEMENTED &&
  	type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_ZSUPER) {
  	switch (mid) {
  	  case idInitialize:
  	  case idInitialize_copy:
  	  case idInitialize_clone:
  	  case idInitialize_dup:
  	  case idRespond_to_missing:
  	    visi = METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE;
  	}
      }
  
      if (type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
         rb_class_modify_check(klass);
      }
  
      if (FL_TEST(klass, RMODULE_IS_REFINEMENT)) {
  	VALUE refined_class = rb_refinement_module_get_refined_class(klass);
  	rb_add_refined_method_entry(refined_class, mid);
      }
      if (type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
  	rb_method_entry_t *old_me = lookup_method_table(RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass), mid);
  	if (old_me) rb_vm_check_redefinition_opt_method(old_me, klass);
      }
      else {
  	klass = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
          if (klass != orig_klass) {
              rb_clear_method_cache(orig_klass, mid);
          }
      }
      mtbl = RCLASS_M_TBL(klass);
  
      /* check re-definition */
      if (rb_id_table_lookup(mtbl, mid, &data)) {
  	rb_method_entry_t *old_me = (rb_method_entry_t *)data;
  	rb_method_definition_t *old_def = old_me->def;
  
  	if (rb_method_definition_eq(old_def, def)) return old_me;
  	rb_vm_check_redefinition_opt_method(old_me, klass);
  
  	if (old_def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) make_refined = 1;
  
  	if (RTEST(ruby_verbose) &&
  	    type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF &&
  	    (old_def->alias_count == 0) &&
  	    !make_refined &&
  	    old_def->type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF &&
  	    old_def->type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_ZSUPER &&
  	    old_def->type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS) {
  	    const rb_iseq_t *iseq = 0;
  
  	    rb_warning("method redefined; discarding old %"PRIsVALUE, rb_id2str(mid));
  	    switch (old_def->type) {
  	      case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ:
  		iseq = def_iseq_ptr(old_def);
  		break;
  	      case VM_METHOD_TYPE_BMETHOD:
                  iseq = rb_proc_get_iseq(old_def->body.bmethod.proc, 0);
  		break;
  	      default:
  		break;
  	    }
  	    if (iseq) {
  		rb_compile_warning(RSTRING_PTR(rb_iseq_path(iseq)),
  				   FIX2INT(iseq->body->location.first_lineno),
  				   "previous definition of %"PRIsVALUE" was here",
  				   rb_id2str(old_def->original_id));
  	    }
  	}
      }
  
      /* create method entry */
      me = rb_method_entry_create(mid, defined_class, visi, NULL);
      if (def == NULL) def = rb_method_definition_create(type, original_id);
      rb_method_definition_set(me, def, opts);
  
      rb_clear_method_cache(klass, mid);
  
      /* check mid */
      if (klass == rb_cObject) {
          switch (mid) {
            case idInitialize:
            case idRespond_to_missing:
            case idMethodMissing:
            case idRespond_to:
              rb_warn("redefining Object#%s may cause infinite loop", rb_id2name(mid));
          }
      }
      /* check mid */
      if (mid == object_id || mid == id__send__) {
  	if (type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ && search_method(klass, mid, 0)) {
  	    rb_warn("redefining `%s' may cause serious problems", rb_id2name(mid));
  	}
      }
  
      if (make_refined) {
  	make_method_entry_refined(klass, me);
      }
  
      rb_method_table_insert(klass, mtbl, mid, me);
  
      VM_ASSERT(me->def != NULL);
  
      /* check optimized method override by a prepended module */
      if (RB_TYPE_P(orig_klass, T_MODULE)) {
  	check_override_opt_method(klass, (VALUE)mid);
      }
  
      return me;
  }
  
  #define CALL_METHOD_HOOK(klass, hook, mid) do {		\
  	const VALUE arg = ID2SYM(mid);			\
  	VALUE recv_class = (klass);			\
  	ID hook_id = (hook);				\
  	if (FL_TEST((klass), FL_SINGLETON)) {		\
  	    recv_class = rb_ivar_get((klass), attached);	\
  	    hook_id = singleton_##hook;			\
  	}						\
  	rb_funcallv(recv_class, hook_id, 1, &arg);	\
      } while (0)
  
  static void
  method_added(VALUE klass, ID mid)
  {
      if (ruby_running) {
  	CALL_METHOD_HOOK(klass, added, mid);
      }
  }
  
  void
  rb_add_method(VALUE klass, ID mid, rb_method_type_t type, void *opts, rb_method_visibility_t visi)
  {
      rb_method_entry_make(klass, mid, klass, visi, type, NULL, mid, opts);
  
      if (type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF && type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
  	method_added(klass, mid);
      }
  }
  
  MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED void
  rb_add_method_iseq(VALUE klass, ID mid, const rb_iseq_t *iseq, rb_cref_t *cref, rb_method_visibility_t visi)
  {
      struct { /* should be same fields with rb_method_iseq_struct */
          const rb_iseq_t *iseqptr;
          rb_cref_t *cref;
      } iseq_body;
  
      iseq_body.iseqptr = iseq;
      iseq_body.cref = cref;
      rb_add_method(klass, mid, VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ, &iseq_body, visi);
  }
  
  static rb_method_entry_t *
  method_entry_set(VALUE klass, ID mid, const rb_method_entry_t *me,
  		 rb_method_visibility_t visi, VALUE defined_class)
  {
      rb_method_entry_t *newme = rb_method_entry_make(klass, mid, defined_class, visi,
  						    me->def->type, method_definition_addref(me->def), 0, NULL);
      method_added(klass, mid);
      return newme;
  }
  
  rb_method_entry_t *
  rb_method_entry_set(VALUE klass, ID mid, const rb_method_entry_t *me, rb_method_visibility_t visi)
  {
      return method_entry_set(klass, mid, me, visi, klass);
  }
  
  #define UNDEF_ALLOC_FUNC ((rb_alloc_func_t)-1)
  
  void
  rb_define_alloc_func(VALUE klass, VALUE (*func)(VALUE))
  {
      Check_Type(klass, T_CLASS);
      RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(klass) = func;
  }
  
  void
  rb_undef_alloc_func(VALUE klass)
  {
      rb_define_alloc_func(klass, UNDEF_ALLOC_FUNC);
  }
  
  rb_alloc_func_t
  rb_get_alloc_func(VALUE klass)
  {
      Check_Type(klass, T_CLASS);
  
      for (; klass; klass = RCLASS_SUPER(klass)) {
  	rb_alloc_func_t allocator = RCLASS_ALLOCATOR(klass);
  	if (allocator == UNDEF_ALLOC_FUNC) break;
  	if (allocator) return allocator;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  const rb_method_entry_t *
  rb_method_entry_at(VALUE klass, ID id)
  {
      return lookup_method_table(klass, id);
  }
  
  static inline rb_method_entry_t*
  search_method0(VALUE klass, ID id, VALUE *defined_class_ptr, bool skip_refined)
  {
      rb_method_entry_t *me = NULL;
  
      RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(mc_search);
  
      for (; klass; klass = RCLASS_SUPER(klass)) {
  	RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(mc_search_super);
          if ((me = lookup_method_table(klass, id)) != 0) {
              if (!skip_refined || me->def->type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
                  break;
              }
          }
      }
  
      if (defined_class_ptr) *defined_class_ptr = klass;
  
      if (me == NULL) RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(mc_search_notfound);
  
      VM_ASSERT(me == NULL || !METHOD_ENTRY_INVALIDATED(me));
      return me;
  }
  
  static inline rb_method_entry_t*
  search_method(VALUE klass, ID id, VALUE *defined_class_ptr)
  {
      return search_method0(klass, id, defined_class_ptr, false);
  }
  
  static rb_method_entry_t *
  search_method_protect(VALUE klass, ID id, VALUE *defined_class_ptr)
  {
      rb_method_entry_t *me = search_method(klass, id, defined_class_ptr);
  
      if (!UNDEFINED_METHOD_ENTRY_P(me)) {
          return me;
      }
      else {
          return NULL;
      }
  }
  
  MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED const rb_method_entry_t *
  rb_method_entry(VALUE klass, ID id)
  {
      return search_method_protect(klass, id, NULL);
  }
  
  static inline const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  prepare_callable_method_entry(VALUE defined_class, ID id, const rb_method_entry_t * const me, int create)
  {
      struct rb_id_table *mtbl;
      const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme;
  
      if (me) {
          if (me->defined_class == 0) {
              RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(mc_cme_complement);
              VM_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(defined_class, T_ICLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(defined_class, T_MODULE));
              VM_ASSERT(me->defined_class == 0);
  
              mtbl = RCLASS_CALLABLE_M_TBL(defined_class);
  
              if (mtbl && rb_id_table_lookup(mtbl, id, (VALUE *)&cme)) {
                  RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(mc_cme_complement_hit);
                  VM_ASSERT(callable_method_entry_p(cme));
                  VM_ASSERT(!METHOD_ENTRY_INVALIDATED(cme));
              }
              else if (create) {
                  if (!mtbl) {
                      mtbl = RCLASS_EXT(defined_class)->callable_m_tbl = rb_id_table_create(0);
                  }
                  cme = rb_method_entry_complement_defined_class(me, me->called_id, defined_class);
                  rb_id_table_insert(mtbl, id, (VALUE)cme);
                  RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(defined_class, Qundef, (VALUE)cme);
                  VM_ASSERT(callable_method_entry_p(cme));
              }
              else {
                  return NULL;
              }
          }
          else {
              cme = (const rb_callable_method_entry_t *)me;
              VM_ASSERT(callable_method_entry_p(cme));
              VM_ASSERT(!METHOD_ENTRY_INVALIDATED(cme));
          }
          return cme;
      }
      else {
          return NULL;
      }
  }
  
  static const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  complemented_callable_method_entry(VALUE klass, ID id)
  {
      VALUE defined_class;
      rb_method_entry_t *me = search_method(klass, id, &defined_class);
      return prepare_callable_method_entry(defined_class, id, me, FALSE);
  }
  
  static const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  cached_callable_method_entry(VALUE klass, ID mid)
  {
      ASSERT_vm_locking();
  
      struct rb_id_table *cc_tbl = RCLASS_CC_TBL(klass);
      struct rb_class_cc_entries *ccs;
  
      if (cc_tbl && rb_id_table_lookup(cc_tbl, mid, (VALUE *)&ccs)) {
          VM_ASSERT(vm_ccs_p(ccs));
  
          if (LIKELY(!METHOD_ENTRY_INVALIDATED(ccs->cme))) {
              VM_ASSERT(ccs->cme->called_id == mid);
              RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(ccs_found);
              return ccs->cme;
          }
          else {
              rb_vm_ccs_free(ccs);
              rb_id_table_delete(cc_tbl, mid);
          }
      }
  
      RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(ccs_not_found);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  static void
  cache_callable_method_entry(VALUE klass, ID mid, const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme)
  {
      ASSERT_vm_locking();
      VM_ASSERT(cme != NULL);
  
      struct rb_id_table *cc_tbl = RCLASS_CC_TBL(klass);
      struct rb_class_cc_entries *ccs;
  
      if (!cc_tbl) {
          cc_tbl = RCLASS_CC_TBL(klass) = rb_id_table_create(2);
      }
  
      if (rb_id_table_lookup(cc_tbl, mid, (VALUE *)&ccs)) {
          VM_ASSERT(ccs->cme == cme);
      }
      else {
          ccs = vm_ccs_create(klass, cme);
          rb_id_table_insert(cc_tbl, mid, (VALUE)ccs);
      }
  }
  
  static const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  negative_cme(ID mid)
  {
      rb_vm_t *vm = GET_VM();
      const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme;
  
      if (!rb_id_table_lookup(vm->negative_cme_table, mid, (VALUE *)&cme)) {
          cme = (rb_callable_method_entry_t *)rb_method_entry_alloc(mid, Qnil, Qnil, NULL);
          rb_id_table_insert(vm->negative_cme_table, mid, (VALUE)cme);
      }
  
      VM_ASSERT(cme != NULL);
      return cme;
  }
  
  static const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  callable_method_entry(VALUE klass, ID mid, VALUE *defined_class_ptr)
  {
      const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme;
  
      VM_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS));
      RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER();
      {
          cme = cached_callable_method_entry(klass, mid);
  
          if (cme) {
              if (defined_class_ptr != NULL) *defined_class_ptr = cme->defined_class;
          }
          else {
              VALUE defined_class;
              rb_method_entry_t *me = search_method(klass, mid, &defined_class);
              if (defined_class_ptr) *defined_class_ptr = defined_class;
  
              if (me != NULL) {
                  cme = prepare_callable_method_entry(defined_class, mid, me, TRUE);
              }
              else {
                  cme = negative_cme(mid);
              }
  
              cache_callable_method_entry(klass, mid, cme);
          }
      }
      RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE();
  
      return !UNDEFINED_METHOD_ENTRY_P(cme) ? cme : NULL;
  }
  
  MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  rb_callable_method_entry(VALUE klass, ID mid)
  {
      return callable_method_entry(klass, mid, NULL);
  }
  
  static const rb_method_entry_t *resolve_refined_method(VALUE refinements, const rb_method_entry_t *me, VALUE *defined_class_ptr);
  
  static const rb_method_entry_t *
  method_entry_resolve_refinement(VALUE klass, ID id, int with_refinement, VALUE *defined_class_ptr)
  {
      const rb_method_entry_t *me = search_method_protect(klass, id, defined_class_ptr);
  
      if (me) {
  	if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
  	    if (with_refinement) {
  		const rb_cref_t *cref = rb_vm_cref();
  		VALUE refinements = cref ? CREF_REFINEMENTS(cref) : Qnil;
  		me = resolve_refined_method(refinements, me, defined_class_ptr);
  	    }
  	    else {
  		me = resolve_refined_method(Qnil, me, defined_class_ptr);
  	    }
  
  	    if (UNDEFINED_METHOD_ENTRY_P(me)) me = NULL;
  	}
      }
  
      return me;
  }
  
  MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED const rb_method_entry_t *
  rb_method_entry_with_refinements(VALUE klass, ID id, VALUE *defined_class_ptr)
  {
      return method_entry_resolve_refinement(klass, id, TRUE, defined_class_ptr);
  }
  
  static const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  callable_method_entry_refeinements0(VALUE klass, ID id, VALUE *defined_class_ptr, bool with_refinements,
                                      const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme)
  {
      if (cme == NULL || LIKELY(cme->def->type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED)) {
          return cme;
      }
      else {
          VALUE defined_class, *dcp = defined_class_ptr ? defined_class_ptr : &defined_class;
          const rb_method_entry_t *me = method_entry_resolve_refinement(klass, id, with_refinements, dcp);
          return prepare_callable_method_entry(*dcp, id, me, TRUE);
      }
  }
  
  static const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  callable_method_entry_refeinements(VALUE klass, ID id, VALUE *defined_class_ptr, bool with_refinements)
  {
      const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme = callable_method_entry(klass, id, defined_class_ptr);
      return callable_method_entry_refeinements0(klass, id, defined_class_ptr, with_refinements, cme);
  }
  
  MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  rb_callable_method_entry_with_refinements(VALUE klass, ID id, VALUE *defined_class_ptr)
  {
      return callable_method_entry_refeinements(klass, id, defined_class_ptr, true);
  }
  
  static const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  callable_method_entry_without_refinements(VALUE klass, ID id, VALUE *defined_class_ptr)
  {
      return callable_method_entry_refeinements(klass, id, defined_class_ptr, false);
  }
  
  const rb_method_entry_t *
  rb_method_entry_without_refinements(VALUE klass, ID id, VALUE *defined_class_ptr)
  {
      return method_entry_resolve_refinement(klass, id, FALSE, defined_class_ptr);
  }
  
  MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  rb_callable_method_entry_without_refinements(VALUE klass, ID id, VALUE *defined_class_ptr)
  {
      VALUE defined_class, *dcp = defined_class_ptr ? defined_class_ptr : &defined_class;
      const rb_method_entry_t *me = method_entry_resolve_refinement(klass, id, FALSE, dcp);
      return prepare_callable_method_entry(*dcp, id, me, TRUE);
  }
  
  static const rb_method_entry_t *
  resolve_refined_method(VALUE refinements, const rb_method_entry_t *me, VALUE *defined_class_ptr)
  {
      while (me && me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
  	VALUE refinement;
          const rb_method_entry_t *tmp_me;
          VALUE super;
  
  	refinement = find_refinement(refinements, me->owner);
          if (!NIL_P(refinement)) {
  	    tmp_me = search_method_protect(refinement, me->called_id, defined_class_ptr);
  
  	    if (tmp_me && tmp_me->def->type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
  		return tmp_me;
  	    }
  	}
  
          tmp_me = me->def->body.refined.orig_me;
          if (tmp_me) {
              if (defined_class_ptr) *defined_class_ptr = tmp_me->defined_class;
              return tmp_me;
          }
  
          super = RCLASS_SUPER(me->owner);
          if (!super) {
              return 0;
          }
  
          me = search_method_protect(super, me->called_id, defined_class_ptr);
      }
      return me;
  }
  
  const rb_method_entry_t *
  rb_resolve_refined_method(VALUE refinements, const rb_method_entry_t *me)
  {
      return resolve_refined_method(refinements, me, NULL);
  }
  
  MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED
  const rb_callable_method_entry_t *
  rb_resolve_refined_method_callable(VALUE refinements, const rb_callable_method_entry_t *me)
  {
      VALUE defined_class = me->defined_class;
      const rb_method_entry_t *resolved_me = resolve_refined_method(refinements, (const rb_method_entry_t *)me, &defined_class);
  
      if (resolved_me && resolved_me->defined_class == 0) {
  	return rb_method_entry_complement_defined_class(resolved_me, me->called_id, defined_class);
      }
      else {
  	return (const rb_callable_method_entry_t *)resolved_me;
      }
  }
  
  static void
  remove_method(VALUE klass, ID mid)
  {
      VALUE data;
      rb_method_entry_t *me = 0;
      VALUE self = klass;
  
      klass = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
      rb_class_modify_check(klass);
      if (mid == object_id || mid == id__send__ || mid == idInitialize) {
  	rb_warn("removing `%s' may cause serious problems", rb_id2name(mid));
      }
  
      if (!rb_id_table_lookup(RCLASS_M_TBL(klass), mid, &data) ||
  	!(me = (rb_method_entry_t *)data) ||
  	(!me->def || me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF) ||
          UNDEFINED_REFINED_METHOD_P(me->def)) {
  	rb_name_err_raise("method `%1$s' not defined in %2$s",
  			  klass, ID2SYM(mid));
      }
  
      if (klass != self) {
          rb_clear_method_cache(self, mid);
      }
      rb_clear_method_cache(klass, mid);
      rb_id_table_delete(RCLASS_M_TBL(klass), mid);
  
      rb_vm_check_redefinition_opt_method(me, klass);
  
      if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
  	rb_add_refined_method_entry(klass, mid);
      }
  
      CALL_METHOD_HOOK(self, removed, mid);
  }
  
  void
  rb_remove_method_id(VALUE klass, ID mid)
  {
      remove_method(klass, mid);
  }
  
  void
  rb_remove_method(VALUE klass, const char *name)
  {
      remove_method(klass, rb_intern(name));
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     remove_method(symbol)   -> self
   *     remove_method(string)   -> self
   *
   *  Removes the method identified by _symbol_ from the current
   *  class. For an example, see Module#undef_method.
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_remove_method(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  {
      int i;
  
      for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
  	VALUE v = argv[i];
  	ID id = rb_check_id(&v);
  	if (!id) {
  	    rb_name_err_raise("method `%1$s' not defined in %2$s",
  			      mod, v);
  	}
  	remove_method(mod, id);
      }
      return mod;
  }
  
  static void
  rb_export_method(VALUE klass, ID name, rb_method_visibility_t visi)
  {
      rb_method_entry_t *me;
      VALUE defined_class;
      VALUE origin_class = RCLASS_ORIGIN(klass);
  
      me = search_method0(origin_class, name, &defined_class, true);
  
      if (!me && RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE)) {
  	me = search_method(rb_cObject, name, &defined_class);
      }
  
      if (UNDEFINED_METHOD_ENTRY_P(me) ||
  	UNDEFINED_REFINED_METHOD_P(me->def)) {
  	rb_print_undef(klass, name, METHOD_VISI_UNDEF);
      }
  
      if (METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me) != visi) {
  	rb_vm_check_redefinition_opt_method(me, klass);
  
  	if (klass == defined_class || origin_class == defined_class) {
  	    METHOD_ENTRY_VISI_SET(me, visi);
  
  	    if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED && me->def->body.refined.orig_me) {
  		METHOD_ENTRY_VISI_SET((rb_method_entry_t *)me->def->body.refined.orig_me, visi);
  	    }
              rb_clear_method_cache(klass, name);
  	}
  	else {
  	    rb_add_method(klass, name, VM_METHOD_TYPE_ZSUPER, 0, visi);
  	}
      }
  }
  
  #define BOUND_PRIVATE  0x01
  #define BOUND_RESPONDS 0x02
  
  static int
  method_boundp(VALUE klass, ID id, int ex)
  {
      const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme;
  
      VM_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_CLASS) || RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_ICLASS));
  
      if (ex & BOUND_RESPONDS) {
          cme = rb_callable_method_entry_with_refinements(klass, id, NULL);
      }
      else {
          cme = callable_method_entry_without_refinements(klass, id, NULL);
      }
  
      if (cme != NULL) {
          if (ex & ~BOUND_RESPONDS) {
              switch (METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(cme)) {
                case METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE:
                  return 0;
                case METHOD_VISI_PROTECTED:
                  if (ex & BOUND_RESPONDS) return 0;
                default:
                  break;
              }
  	}
  
  	if (cme->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_NOTIMPLEMENTED) {
  	    if (ex & BOUND_RESPONDS) return 2;
  	    return 0;
  	}
  	return 1;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  // deprecated
  int
  rb_method_boundp(VALUE klass, ID id, int ex)
  {
      return method_boundp(klass, id, ex);
  }
  
  static void
  vm_cref_set_visibility(rb_method_visibility_t method_visi, int module_func)
  {
      rb_scope_visibility_t *scope_visi = (rb_scope_visibility_t *)&rb_vm_cref()->scope_visi;
      scope_visi->method_visi = method_visi;
      scope_visi->module_func = module_func;
  }
  
  void
  rb_scope_visibility_set(rb_method_visibility_t visi)
  {
      vm_cref_set_visibility(visi, FALSE);
  }
  
  static void
  scope_visibility_check(void)
  {
      /* Check for public/protected/private/module_function called inside a method */
      rb_control_frame_t *cfp = rb_current_execution_context()->cfp+1;
      if (cfp && cfp->iseq && cfp->iseq->body->type == ISEQ_TYPE_METHOD) {
          rb_warn("calling %s without arguments inside a method may not have the intended effect",
              rb_id2name(rb_frame_this_func()));
      }
  }
  
  static void
  rb_scope_module_func_set(void)
  {
      scope_visibility_check();
      vm_cref_set_visibility(METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE, TRUE);
  }
  
  const rb_cref_t *rb_vm_cref_in_context(VALUE self, VALUE cbase);
  void
  rb_attr(VALUE klass, ID id, int read, int write, int ex)
  {
      ID attriv;
      rb_method_visibility_t visi;
      const rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
      const rb_cref_t *cref = rb_vm_cref_in_context(klass, klass);
  
      if (!ex || !cref) {
  	visi = METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC;
      }
      else {
          switch (vm_scope_visibility_get(ec)) {
  	  case METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE:
              if (vm_scope_module_func_check(ec)) {
  		rb_warning("attribute accessor as module_function");
  	    }
  	    visi = METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE;
  	    break;
  	  case METHOD_VISI_PROTECTED:
  	    visi = METHOD_VISI_PROTECTED;
  	    break;
  	  default:
  	    visi = METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC;
  	    break;
  	}
      }
  
      attriv = rb_intern_str(rb_sprintf("@%"PRIsVALUE, rb_id2str(id)));
      if (read) {
  	rb_add_method(klass, id, VM_METHOD_TYPE_IVAR, (void *)attriv, visi);
      }
      if (write) {
  	rb_add_method(klass, rb_id_attrset(id), VM_METHOD_TYPE_ATTRSET, (void *)attriv, visi);
      }
  }
  
  void
  rb_undef(VALUE klass, ID id)
  {
      const rb_method_entry_t *me;
  
      if (NIL_P(klass)) {
  	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "no class to undef method");
      }
      rb_class_modify_check(klass);
      if (id == object_id || id == id__send__ || id == idInitialize) {
  	rb_warn("undefining `%s' may cause serious problems", rb_id2name(id));
      }
  
      me = search_method(klass, id, 0);
      if (me && me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
  	me = rb_resolve_refined_method(Qnil, me);
      }
  
      if (UNDEFINED_METHOD_ENTRY_P(me) ||
  	UNDEFINED_REFINED_METHOD_P(me->def)) {
  	rb_method_name_error(klass, rb_id2str(id));
      }
  
      rb_add_method(klass, id, VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF, 0, METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
  
      CALL_METHOD_HOOK(klass, undefined, id);
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     undef_method(symbol)    -> self
   *     undef_method(string)    -> self
   *
   *  Prevents the current class from responding to calls to the named
   *  method. Contrast this with <code>remove_method</code>, which deletes
   *  the method from the particular class; Ruby will still search
   *  superclasses and mixed-in modules for a possible receiver.
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *
   *     class Parent
   *       def hello
   *         puts "In parent"
   *       end
   *     end
   *     class Child < Parent
   *       def hello
   *         puts "In child"
   *       end
   *     end
   *
   *
   *     c = Child.new
   *     c.hello
   *
   *
   *     class Child
   *       remove_method :hello  # remove from child, still in parent
   *     end
   *     c.hello
   *
   *
   *     class Child
   *       undef_method :hello   # prevent any calls to 'hello'
   *     end
   *     c.hello
   *
   *  <em>produces:</em>
   *
   *     In child
   *     In parent
   *     prog.rb:23: undefined method `hello' for #<Child:0x401b3bb4> (NoMethodError)
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_undef_method(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  {
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
  	VALUE v = argv[i];
  	ID id = rb_check_id(&v);
  	if (!id) {
  	    rb_method_name_error(mod, v);
  	}
  	rb_undef(mod, id);
      }
      return mod;
  }
  
  static rb_method_visibility_t
  check_definition_visibility(VALUE mod, int argc, VALUE *argv)
  {
      const rb_method_entry_t *me;
      VALUE mid, include_super, lookup_mod = mod;
      int inc_super;
      ID id;
  
      rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &mid, &include_super);
      id = rb_check_id(&mid);
      if (!id) return METHOD_VISI_UNDEF;
  
      if (argc == 1) {
  	inc_super = 1;
      }
      else {
  	inc_super = RTEST(include_super);
  	if (!inc_super) {
  	    lookup_mod = RCLASS_ORIGIN(mod);
  	}
      }
  
      me = rb_method_entry_without_refinements(lookup_mod, id, NULL);
      if (me) {
  	if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_NOTIMPLEMENTED) return METHOD_VISI_UNDEF;
  	if (!inc_super && me->owner != mod) return METHOD_VISI_UNDEF;
  	return METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me);
      }
      return METHOD_VISI_UNDEF;
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     mod.method_defined?(symbol, inherit=true)    -> true or false
   *     mod.method_defined?(string, inherit=true)    -> true or false
   *
   *  Returns +true+ if the named method is defined by
   *  _mod_.  If _inherit_ is set, the lookup will also search _mod_'s
   *  ancestors. Public and protected methods are matched.
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *
   *     module A
   *       def method1()  end
   *       def protected_method1()  end
   *       protected :protected_method1
   *     end
   *     class B
   *       def method2()  end
   *       def private_method2()  end
   *       private :private_method2
   *     end
   *     class C < B
   *       include A
   *       def method3()  end
   *     end
   *
   *     A.method_defined? :method1              #=> true
   *     C.method_defined? "method1"             #=> true
   *     C.method_defined? "method2"             #=> true
   *     C.method_defined? "method2", true       #=> true
   *     C.method_defined? "method2", false      #=> false
   *     C.method_defined? "method3"             #=> true
   *     C.method_defined? "protected_method1"   #=> true
   *     C.method_defined? "method4"             #=> false
   *     C.method_defined? "private_method2"     #=> false
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_method_defined(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  {
      rb_method_visibility_t visi = check_definition_visibility(mod, argc, argv);
      return (visi == METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC || visi == METHOD_VISI_PROTECTED) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
  }
  
  static VALUE
  check_definition(VALUE mod, int argc, VALUE *argv, rb_method_visibility_t visi)
  {
      return (check_definition_visibility(mod, argc, argv) == visi) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     mod.public_method_defined?(symbol, inherit=true)   -> true or false
   *     mod.public_method_defined?(string, inherit=true)   -> true or false
   *
   *  Returns +true+ if the named public method is defined by
   *  _mod_.  If _inherit_ is set, the lookup will also search _mod_'s
   *  ancestors.
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *
   *     module A
   *       def method1()  end
   *     end
   *     class B
   *       protected
   *       def method2()  end
   *     end
   *     class C < B
   *       include A
   *       def method3()  end
   *     end
   *
   *     A.method_defined? :method1                 #=> true
   *     C.public_method_defined? "method1"         #=> true
   *     C.public_method_defined? "method1", true   #=> true
   *     C.public_method_defined? "method1", false  #=> true
   *     C.public_method_defined? "method2"         #=> false
   *     C.method_defined? "method2"                #=> true
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_public_method_defined(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  {
      return check_definition(mod, argc, argv, METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     mod.private_method_defined?(symbol, inherit=true)    -> true or false
   *     mod.private_method_defined?(string, inherit=true)    -> true or false
   *
   *  Returns +true+ if the named private method is defined by
   *  _mod_.  If _inherit_ is set, the lookup will also search _mod_'s
   *  ancestors.
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *
   *     module A
   *       def method1()  end
   *     end
   *     class B
   *       private
   *       def method2()  end
   *     end
   *     class C < B
   *       include A
   *       def method3()  end
   *     end
   *
   *     A.method_defined? :method1                   #=> true
   *     C.private_method_defined? "method1"          #=> false
   *     C.private_method_defined? "method2"          #=> true
   *     C.private_method_defined? "method2", true    #=> true
   *     C.private_method_defined? "method2", false   #=> false
   *     C.method_defined? "method2"                  #=> false
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_private_method_defined(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  {
      return check_definition(mod, argc, argv, METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE);
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     mod.protected_method_defined?(symbol, inherit=true)   -> true or false
   *     mod.protected_method_defined?(string, inherit=true)   -> true or false
   *
   *  Returns +true+ if the named protected method is defined
   *  _mod_.  If _inherit_ is set, the lookup will also search _mod_'s
   *  ancestors.
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *
   *     module A
   *       def method1()  end
   *     end
   *     class B
   *       protected
   *       def method2()  end
   *     end
   *     class C < B
   *       include A
   *       def method3()  end
   *     end
   *
   *     A.method_defined? :method1                    #=> true
   *     C.protected_method_defined? "method1"         #=> false
   *     C.protected_method_defined? "method2"         #=> true
   *     C.protected_method_defined? "method2", true   #=> true
   *     C.protected_method_defined? "method2", false  #=> false
   *     C.method_defined? "method2"                   #=> true
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_protected_method_defined(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE mod)
  {
      return check_definition(mod, argc, argv, METHOD_VISI_PROTECTED);
  }
  
  int
  rb_method_entry_eq(const rb_method_entry_t *m1, const rb_method_entry_t *m2)
  {
      return rb_method_definition_eq(m1->def, m2->def);
  }
  
  static const rb_method_definition_t *
  original_method_definition(const rb_method_definition_t *def)
  {
    again:
      if (def) {
  	switch (def->type) {
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED:
  	    if (def->body.refined.orig_me) {
  		def = def->body.refined.orig_me->def;
  		goto again;
  	    }
  	    break;
  	  case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS:
  	    def = def->body.alias.original_me->def;
  	    goto again;
  	  default:
  	    break;
  	}
      }
      return def;
  }
  
  MJIT_FUNC_EXPORTED int
  rb_method_definition_eq(const rb_method_definition_t *d1, const rb_method_definition_t *d2)
  {
      d1 = original_method_definition(d1);
      d2 = original_method_definition(d2);
  
      if (d1 == d2) return 1;
      if (!d1 || !d2) return 0;
      if (d1->type != d2->type) return 0;
  
      switch (d1->type) {
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ:
  	return d1->body.iseq.iseqptr == d2->body.iseq.iseqptr;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC:
  	return
  	  d1->body.cfunc.func == d2->body.cfunc.func &&
  	  d1->body.cfunc.argc == d2->body.cfunc.argc;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ATTRSET:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_IVAR:
  	return d1->body.attr.id == d2->body.attr.id;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_BMETHOD:
          return RTEST(rb_equal(d1->body.bmethod.proc, d2->body.bmethod.proc));
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_MISSING:
  	return d1->original_id == d2->original_id;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ZSUPER:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_NOTIMPLEMENTED:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF:
  	return 1;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_OPTIMIZED:
  	return d1->body.optimize_type == d2->body.optimize_type;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS:
  	break;
      }
      rb_bug("rb_method_definition_eq: unsupported type: %d\n", d1->type);
  }
  
  static st_index_t
  rb_hash_method_definition(st_index_t hash, const rb_method_definition_t *def)
  {
      hash = rb_hash_uint(hash, def->type);
      def = original_method_definition(def);
  
      if (!def) return hash;
  
      switch (def->type) {
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ:
  	return rb_hash_uint(hash, (st_index_t)def->body.iseq.iseqptr);
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC:
  	hash = rb_hash_uint(hash, (st_index_t)def->body.cfunc.func);
  	return rb_hash_uint(hash, def->body.cfunc.argc);
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ATTRSET:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_IVAR:
  	return rb_hash_uint(hash, def->body.attr.id);
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_BMETHOD:
          return rb_hash_proc(hash, def->body.bmethod.proc);
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_MISSING:
  	return rb_hash_uint(hash, def->original_id);
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ZSUPER:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_NOTIMPLEMENTED:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_UNDEF:
  	return hash;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_OPTIMIZED:
  	return rb_hash_uint(hash, def->body.optimize_type);
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED:
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS:
  	break; /* unreachable */
      }
      rb_bug("rb_hash_method_definition: unsupported method type (%d)\n", def->type);
  }
  
  st_index_t
  rb_hash_method_entry(st_index_t hash, const rb_method_entry_t *me)
  {
      return rb_hash_method_definition(hash, me->def);
  }
  
  void
  rb_alias(VALUE klass, ID alias_name, ID original_name)
  {
      const VALUE target_klass = klass;
      VALUE defined_class;
      const rb_method_entry_t *orig_me;
      rb_method_visibility_t visi = METHOD_VISI_UNDEF;
  
      if (NIL_P(klass)) {
  	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "no class to make alias");
      }
  
      rb_class_modify_check(klass);
  
    again:
      orig_me = search_method(klass, original_name, &defined_class);
  
      if (orig_me && orig_me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
  	orig_me = rb_resolve_refined_method(Qnil, orig_me);
      }
  
      if (UNDEFINED_METHOD_ENTRY_P(orig_me) ||
  	UNDEFINED_REFINED_METHOD_P(orig_me->def)) {
  	if ((!RB_TYPE_P(klass, T_MODULE)) ||
  	    (orig_me = search_method(rb_cObject, original_name, &defined_class),
  	     UNDEFINED_METHOD_ENTRY_P(orig_me))) {
  	    rb_print_undef(klass, original_name, METHOD_VISI_UNDEF);
  	}
      }
  
      switch (orig_me->def->type) {
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ZSUPER:
  	klass = RCLASS_SUPER(klass);
  	original_name = orig_me->def->original_id;
  	visi = METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(orig_me);
  	goto again;
        case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS:
          orig_me = orig_me->def->body.alias.original_me;
          VM_ASSERT(orig_me->def->type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS);
          break;
        default: break;
      }
  
      if (visi == METHOD_VISI_UNDEF) visi = METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(orig_me);
  
      if (orig_me->defined_class == 0) {
  	rb_method_entry_make(target_klass, alias_name, target_klass, visi,
  			     VM_METHOD_TYPE_ALIAS, NULL, orig_me->called_id,
  			     (void *)rb_method_entry_clone(orig_me));
  	method_added(target_klass, alias_name);
      }
      else {
  	rb_method_entry_t *alias_me;
  
  	alias_me = method_entry_set(target_klass, alias_name, orig_me, visi, orig_me->owner);
  	RB_OBJ_WRITE(alias_me, &alias_me->owner, target_klass);
          RB_OBJ_WRITE(alias_me, &alias_me->defined_class, orig_me->defined_class);
      }
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     alias_method(new_name, old_name)   -> symbol
   *
   *  Makes <i>new_name</i> a new copy of the method <i>old_name</i>. This can
   *  be used to retain access to methods that are overridden.
   *
   *     module Mod
   *       alias_method :orig_exit, :exit #=> :orig_exit
   *       def exit(code=0)
   *         puts "Exiting with code #{code}"
   *         orig_exit(code)
   *       end
   *     end
   *     include Mod
   *     exit(99)
   *
   *  <em>produces:</em>
   *
   *     Exiting with code 99
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_alias_method(VALUE mod, VALUE newname, VALUE oldname)
  {
      ID oldid = rb_check_id(&oldname);
      if (!oldid) {
  	rb_print_undef_str(mod, oldname);
      }
      VALUE id = rb_to_id(newname);
      rb_alias(mod, id, oldid);
      return ID2SYM(id);
  }
  
  static void
  check_and_export_method(VALUE self, VALUE name, rb_method_visibility_t visi)
  {
      ID id = rb_check_id(&name);
      if (!id) {
  	rb_print_undef_str(self, name);
      }
      rb_export_method(self, id, visi);
  }
  
  static void
  set_method_visibility(VALUE self, int argc, const VALUE *argv, rb_method_visibility_t visi)
  {
      int i;
  
      rb_check_frozen(self);
      if (argc == 0) {
  	rb_warning("%"PRIsVALUE" with no argument is just ignored",
  		   QUOTE_ID(rb_frame_callee()));
  	return;
      }
  
  
      VALUE v;
  
      if (argc == 1 && (v = rb_check_array_type(argv[0])) != Qnil) {
          long j;
  
  	for (j = 0; j < RARRAY_LEN(v); j++) {
  	    check_and_export_method(self, RARRAY_AREF(v, j), visi);
  	}
      } else {
          for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
              check_and_export_method(self, argv[i], visi);
          }
      }
  }
  
  static VALUE
  set_visibility(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE module, rb_method_visibility_t visi)
  {
      if (argc == 0) {
          scope_visibility_check();
          rb_scope_visibility_set(visi);
      }
      else {
  	set_method_visibility(module, argc, argv, visi);
      }
      return module;
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     public                 -> self
   *     public(symbol, ...)    -> self
   *     public(string, ...)    -> self
   *     public(array)          -> self
   *
   *  With no arguments, sets the default visibility for subsequently
   *  defined methods to public. With arguments, sets the named methods to
   *  have public visibility.
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *  An Array of Symbols and/or Strings is also accepted.
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_public(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE module)
  {
      return set_visibility(argc, argv, module, METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     protected                -> self
   *     protected(symbol, ...)   -> self
   *     protected(string, ...)   -> self
   *     protected(array)         -> self
   *
   *  With no arguments, sets the default visibility for subsequently
   *  defined methods to protected. With arguments, sets the named methods
   *  to have protected visibility.
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *  An Array of Symbols and/or Strings is also accepted.
   *
   *  If a method has protected visibility, it is callable only where
   *  <code>self</code> of the context is the same as the method.
   *  (method definition or instance_eval). This behavior is different from
   *  Java's protected method. Usually <code>private</code> should be used.
   *
   *  Note that a protected method is slow because it can't use inline cache.
   *
   *  To show a private method on RDoc, use <code>:doc:</code> instead of this.
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_protected(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE module)
  {
      return set_visibility(argc, argv, module, METHOD_VISI_PROTECTED);
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     private                 -> self
   *     private(symbol, ...)    -> self
   *     private(string, ...)    -> self
   *     private(array)          -> self
   *
   *  With no arguments, sets the default visibility for subsequently
   *  defined methods to private. With arguments, sets the named methods
   *  to have private visibility.
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *  An Array of Symbols and/or Strings is also accepted.
   *
   *     module Mod
   *       def a()  end
   *       def b()  end
   *       private
   *       def c()  end
   *       private :a
   *     end
   *     Mod.private_instance_methods   #=> [:a, :c]
   *
   *  Note that to show a private method on RDoc, use <code>:doc:</code>.
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_private(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE module)
  {
      return set_visibility(argc, argv, module, METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE);
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     ruby2_keywords(method_name, ...)    -> nil
   *
   *  For the given method names, marks the method as passing keywords through
   *  a normal argument splat.  This should only be called on methods that
   *  accept an argument splat (<tt>*args</tt>) but not explicit keywords or
   *  a keyword splat.  It marks the method such that if the method is called
   *  with keyword arguments, the final hash argument is marked with a special
   *  flag such that if it is the final element of a normal argument splat to
   *  another method call, and that method call does not include explicit
   *  keywords or a keyword splat, the final element is interpreted as keywords.
   *  In other words, keywords will be passed through the method to other
   *  methods.
   *
   *  This should only be used for methods that delegate keywords to another
   *  method, and only for backwards compatibility with Ruby versions before
   *  2.7.
   *
   *  This method will probably be removed at some point, as it exists only
   *  for backwards compatibility. As it does not exist in Ruby versions
   *  before 2.7, check that the module responds to this method before calling
   *  it. Also, be aware that if this method is removed, the behavior of the
   *  method will change so that it does not pass through keywords.
   *
   *    module Mod
   *      def foo(meth, *args, &block)
   *        send(:"do_#{meth}", *args, &block)
   *      end
   *      ruby2_keywords(:foo) if respond_to?(:ruby2_keywords, true)
   *    end
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_ruby2_keywords(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE module)
  {
      int i;
      VALUE origin_class = RCLASS_ORIGIN(module);
  
      rb_check_arity(argc, 1, UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS);
      rb_check_frozen(module);
  
      for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
          VALUE v = argv[i];
          ID name = rb_check_id(&v);
          rb_method_entry_t *me;
          VALUE defined_class;
  
          if (!name) {
              rb_print_undef_str(module, v);
          }
  
          me = search_method(origin_class, name, &defined_class);
          if (!me && RB_TYPE_P(module, T_MODULE)) {
              me = search_method(rb_cObject, name, &defined_class);
          }
  
          if (UNDEFINED_METHOD_ENTRY_P(me) ||
              UNDEFINED_REFINED_METHOD_P(me->def)) {
              rb_print_undef(module, name, METHOD_VISI_UNDEF);
          }
  
          if (module == defined_class || origin_class == defined_class) {
              switch (me->def->type) {
                case VM_METHOD_TYPE_ISEQ:
                  if (me->def->body.iseq.iseqptr->body->param.flags.has_rest &&
                          !me->def->body.iseq.iseqptr->body->param.flags.has_kw &&
                          !me->def->body.iseq.iseqptr->body->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
                      me->def->body.iseq.iseqptr->body->param.flags.ruby2_keywords = 1;
                      rb_clear_method_cache(module, name);
                  }
                  else {
                      rb_warn("Skipping set of ruby2_keywords flag for %s (method accepts keywords or method does not accept argument splat)", rb_id2name(name));
                  }
                  break;
                case VM_METHOD_TYPE_BMETHOD: {
                  VALUE procval = me->def->body.bmethod.proc;
                  if (vm_block_handler_type(procval) == block_handler_type_proc) {
                      procval = vm_proc_to_block_handler(VM_BH_TO_PROC(procval));
                  }
  
                  if (vm_block_handler_type(procval) == block_handler_type_iseq) {
                      const struct rb_captured_block *captured = VM_BH_TO_ISEQ_BLOCK(procval);
                      const rb_iseq_t *iseq = rb_iseq_check(captured->code.iseq);
                      if (iseq->body->param.flags.has_rest &&
                              !iseq->body->param.flags.has_kw &&
                              !iseq->body->param.flags.has_kwrest) {
                          iseq->body->param.flags.ruby2_keywords = 1;
                          rb_clear_method_cache(module, name);
                      }
                      else {
                          rb_warn("Skipping set of ruby2_keywords flag for %s (method accepts keywords or method does not accept argument splat)", rb_id2name(name));
                      }
                      break;
                  }
                }
                /* fallthrough */
                default:
                  rb_warn("Skipping set of ruby2_keywords flag for %s (method not defined in Ruby)", rb_id2name(name));
                  break;
              }
          }
          else {
              rb_warn("Skipping set of ruby2_keywords flag for %s (can only set in method defining module)", rb_id2name(name));
          }
      }
      return Qnil;
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     mod.public_class_method(symbol, ...)    -> mod
   *     mod.public_class_method(string, ...)    -> mod
   *     mod.public_class_method(array)          -> mod
   *
   *  Makes a list of existing class methods public.
   *
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *  An Array of Symbols and/or Strings is also accepted.
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_public_method(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
  {
      set_method_visibility(rb_singleton_class(obj), argc, argv, METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
      return obj;
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     mod.private_class_method(symbol, ...)   -> mod
   *     mod.private_class_method(string, ...)   -> mod
   *     mod.private_class_method(array)         -> mod
   *
   *  Makes existing class methods private. Often used to hide the default
   *  constructor <code>new</code>.
   *
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *  An Array of Symbols and/or Strings is also accepted.
   *
   *     class SimpleSingleton  # Not thread safe
   *       private_class_method :new
   *       def SimpleSingleton.create(*args, &block)
   *         @me = new(*args, &block) if ! @me
   *         @me
   *       end
   *     end
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_private_method(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
  {
      set_method_visibility(rb_singleton_class(obj), argc, argv, METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE);
      return obj;
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     public
   *     public(symbol, ...)
   *     public(string, ...)
   *     public(array)
   *
   *  With no arguments, sets the default visibility for subsequently
   *  defined methods to public. With arguments, sets the named methods to
   *  have public visibility.
   *
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *  An Array of Symbols and/or Strings is also accepted.
   */
  
  static VALUE
  top_public(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
  {
      return rb_mod_public(argc, argv, rb_cObject);
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     private
   *     private(symbol, ...)
   *     private(string, ...)
   *     private(array)
   *
   *  With no arguments, sets the default visibility for subsequently
   *  defined methods to private. With arguments, sets the named methods to
   *  have private visibility.
   *
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *  An Array of Symbols and/or Strings is also accepted.
   */
  static VALUE
  top_private(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
  {
      return rb_mod_private(argc, argv, rb_cObject);
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     ruby2_keywords(method_name, ...) -> self
   *
   *  For the given method names, marks the method as passing keywords through
   *  a normal argument splat.  See Module#ruby2_keywords in detail.
   */
  static VALUE
  top_ruby2_keywords(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE module)
  {
      return rb_mod_ruby2_keywords(argc, argv, rb_cObject);
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     module_function(symbol, ...)    -> self
   *     module_function(string, ...)    -> self
   *
   *  Creates module functions for the named methods. These functions may
   *  be called with the module as a receiver, and also become available
   *  as instance methods to classes that mix in the module. Module
   *  functions are copies of the original, and so may be changed
   *  independently. The instance-method versions are made private. If
   *  used with no arguments, subsequently defined methods become module
   *  functions.
   *  String arguments are converted to symbols.
   *
   *     module Mod
   *       def one
   *         "This is one"
   *       end
   *       module_function :one
   *     end
   *     class Cls
   *       include Mod
   *       def call_one
   *         one
   *       end
   *     end
   *     Mod.one     #=> "This is one"
   *     c = Cls.new
   *     c.call_one  #=> "This is one"
   *     module Mod
   *       def one
   *         "This is the new one"
   *       end
   *     end
   *     Mod.one     #=> "This is one"
   *     c.call_one  #=> "This is the new one"
   */
  
  static VALUE
  rb_mod_modfunc(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE module)
  {
      int i;
      ID id;
      const rb_method_entry_t *me;
  
      if (!RB_TYPE_P(module, T_MODULE)) {
  	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "module_function must be called for modules");
      }
  
      if (argc == 0) {
  	rb_scope_module_func_set();
  	return module;
      }
  
      set_method_visibility(module, argc, argv, METHOD_VISI_PRIVATE);
  
      for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
  	VALUE m = module;
  
  	id = rb_to_id(argv[i]);
  	for (;;) {
  	    me = search_method(m, id, 0);
  	    if (me == 0) {
  		me = search_method(rb_cObject, id, 0);
  	    }
  	    if (UNDEFINED_METHOD_ENTRY_P(me)) {
  		rb_print_undef(module, id, METHOD_VISI_UNDEF);
  	    }
  	    if (me->def->type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_ZSUPER) {
  		break; /* normal case: need not to follow 'super' link */
  	    }
  	    m = RCLASS_SUPER(m);
  	    if (!m)
  		break;
  	}
  	rb_method_entry_set(rb_singleton_class(module), id, me, METHOD_VISI_PUBLIC);
      }
      return module;
  }
  
  #ifdef __GNUC__
  #pragma push_macro("rb_method_basic_definition_p")
  #undef rb_method_basic_definition_p
  #endif
  int
  rb_method_basic_definition_p(VALUE klass, ID id)
  {
      const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme;
      if (!klass) return TRUE; /* hidden object cannot be overridden */
      cme = rb_callable_method_entry(klass, id);
      return (cme && METHOD_ENTRY_BASIC(cme)) ? TRUE : FALSE;
  }
  #ifdef __GNUC__
  #pragma pop_macro("rb_method_basic_definition_p")
  #endif
  
  static VALUE
  call_method_entry(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE defined_class, VALUE obj, ID id,
                    const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme, int argc, const VALUE *argv, int kw_splat)
  {
      VALUE passed_block_handler = vm_passed_block_handler(ec);
      VALUE result = rb_vm_call_kw(ec, obj, id, argc, argv, cme, kw_splat);
      vm_passed_block_handler_set(ec, passed_block_handler);
      return result;
  }
  
  static VALUE
  basic_obj_respond_to_missing(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, VALUE obj,
  			     VALUE mid, VALUE priv)
  {
      VALUE defined_class, args[2];
      const ID rtmid = idRespond_to_missing;
      const rb_callable_method_entry_t *const cme = callable_method_entry(klass, rtmid, &defined_class);
  
      if (!cme || METHOD_ENTRY_BASIC(cme)) return Qundef;
      args[0] = mid;
      args[1] = priv;
      return call_method_entry(ec, defined_class, obj, rtmid, cme, 2, args, RB_NO_KEYWORDS);
  }
  
  static inline int
  basic_obj_respond_to(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE obj, ID id, int pub)
  {
      VALUE klass = CLASS_OF(obj);
      VALUE ret;
  
      switch (method_boundp(klass, id, pub|BOUND_RESPONDS)) {
        case 2:
  	return FALSE;
        case 0:
  	ret = basic_obj_respond_to_missing(ec, klass, obj, ID2SYM(id),
  					   pub ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
  	return RTEST(ret) && ret != Qundef;
        default:
  	return TRUE;
      }
  }
  
  static int
  vm_respond_to(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE klass, VALUE obj, ID id, int priv)
  {
      VALUE defined_class;
      const ID resid = idRespond_to;
      const rb_callable_method_entry_t *const cme = callable_method_entry(klass, resid, &defined_class);
  
      if (!cme) return -1;
      if (METHOD_ENTRY_BASIC(cme)) {
  	return -1;
      }
      else {
  	int argc = 1;
  	VALUE args[2];
  	VALUE result;
  
  	args[0] = ID2SYM(id);
  	args[1] = Qtrue;
  	if (priv) {
              argc = rb_method_entry_arity((const rb_method_entry_t *)cme);
  	    if (argc > 2) {
  		rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
  			 "respond_to? must accept 1 or 2 arguments (requires %d)",
  			 argc);
  	    }
  	    if (argc != 1) {
  		argc = 2;
  	    }
  	    else if (!NIL_P(ruby_verbose)) {
  		VALUE location = rb_method_entry_location((const rb_method_entry_t *)cme);
                  rb_category_warn(RB_WARN_CATEGORY_DEPRECATED,
                          "%"PRIsVALUE"%c""respond_to?(:%"PRIsVALUE") uses"
  			" the deprecated method signature, which takes one parameter",
  			(FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON) ? obj : klass),
  			(FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON) ? '.' : '#'),
  			QUOTE_ID(id));
  		if (!NIL_P(location)) {
  		    VALUE path = RARRAY_AREF(location, 0);
  		    VALUE line = RARRAY_AREF(location, 1);
  		    if (!NIL_P(path)) {
  			rb_category_compile_warn(RB_WARN_CATEGORY_DEPRECATED,
  					RSTRING_PTR(path), NUM2INT(line),
  					"respond_to? is defined here");
  		    }
  		}
  	    }
  	}
          result = call_method_entry(ec, defined_class, obj, resid, cme, argc, args, RB_NO_KEYWORDS);
  	return RTEST(result);
      }
  }
  
  int
  rb_obj_respond_to(VALUE obj, ID id, int priv)
  {
      rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
      return rb_ec_obj_respond_to(ec, obj, id, priv);
  }
  
  int
  rb_ec_obj_respond_to(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE obj, ID id, int priv)
  {
      VALUE klass = CLASS_OF(obj);
      int ret = vm_respond_to(ec, klass, obj, id, priv);
      if (ret == -1) ret = basic_obj_respond_to(ec, obj, id, !priv);
      return ret;
  }
  
  int
  rb_respond_to(VALUE obj, ID id)
  {
      return rb_obj_respond_to(obj, id, FALSE);
  }
  
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     obj.respond_to?(symbol, include_all=false) -> true or false
   *     obj.respond_to?(string, include_all=false) -> true or false
   *
   *  Returns +true+ if _obj_ responds to the given method.  Private and
   *  protected methods are included in the search only if the optional
   *  second parameter evaluates to +true+.
   *
   *  If the method is not implemented,
   *  as Process.fork on Windows, File.lchmod on GNU/Linux, etc.,
   *  false is returned.
   *
   *  If the method is not defined, <code>respond_to_missing?</code>
   *  method is called and the result is returned.
   *
   *  When the method name parameter is given as a string, the string is
   *  converted to a symbol.
   */
  
  static VALUE
  obj_respond_to(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
  {
      VALUE mid, priv;
      ID id;
      rb_execution_context_t *ec = GET_EC();
  
      rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &mid, &priv);
      if (!(id = rb_check_id(&mid))) {
  	VALUE ret = basic_obj_respond_to_missing(ec, CLASS_OF(obj), obj,
  						 rb_to_symbol(mid), priv);
  	if (ret == Qundef) ret = Qfalse;
  	return ret;
      }
      if (basic_obj_respond_to(ec, obj, id, !RTEST(priv)))
  	return Qtrue;
      return Qfalse;
  }
  
  /*
   *  call-seq:
   *     obj.respond_to_missing?(symbol, include_all) -> true or false
   *     obj.respond_to_missing?(string, include_all) -> true or false
   *
   *  DO NOT USE THIS DIRECTLY.
   *
   *  Hook method to return whether the _obj_ can respond to _id_ method
   *  or not.
   *
   *  When the method name parameter is given as a string, the string is
   *  converted to a symbol.
   *
   *  See #respond_to?, and the example of BasicObject.
   */
  static VALUE
  obj_respond_to_missing(VALUE obj, VALUE mid, VALUE priv)
  {
      return Qfalse;
  }
  
  void
  Init_Method(void)
  {
      //
  }
  
  void
  Init_eval_method(void)
  {
      rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "respond_to?", obj_respond_to, -1);
      rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "respond_to_missing?", obj_respond_to_missing, 2);
  
      rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "remove_method", rb_mod_remove_method, -1);
      rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "undef_method", rb_mod_undef_method, -1);
      rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "alias_method", rb_mod_alias_method, 2);
      rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "public", rb_mod_public, -1);
      rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "protected", rb_mod_protected, -1);
      rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "private", rb_mod_private, -1);
      rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "module_function", rb_mod_modfunc, -1);
      rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "ruby2_keywords", rb_mod_ruby2_keywords, -1);
  
      rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "method_defined?", rb_mod_method_defined, -1);
      rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "public_method_defined?", rb_mod_public_method_defined, -1);
      rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "private_method_defined?", rb_mod_private_method_defined, -1);
      rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "protected_method_defined?", rb_mod_protected_method_defined, -1);
      rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "public_class_method", rb_mod_public_method, -1);
      rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "private_class_method", rb_mod_private_method, -1);
  
      rb_define_private_method(rb_singleton_class(rb_vm_top_self()),
  			     "public", top_public, -1);
      rb_define_private_method(rb_singleton_class(rb_vm_top_self()),
  			     "private", top_private, -1);
      rb_define_private_method(rb_singleton_class(rb_vm_top_self()),
  			     "ruby2_keywords", top_ruby2_keywords, -1);
  
      {
  #define REPLICATE_METHOD(klass, id) do { \
  	    const rb_method_entry_t *me = rb_method_entry((klass), (id)); \
  	    rb_method_entry_set((klass), (id), me, METHOD_ENTRY_VISI(me)); \
  	} while (0)
  
  	REPLICATE_METHOD(rb_eException, idMethodMissing);
  	REPLICATE_METHOD(rb_eException, idRespond_to);
  	REPLICATE_METHOD(rb_eException, idRespond_to_missing);
      }
  }
  