text: /*
   * This file is part of the MicroPython project, http://micropython.org/
   *
   * The MIT License (MIT)
   *
   * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Damien P. George
   *
   * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
   * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
   * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
   *
   * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
   * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
   *
   * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
   * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
   * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
   * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
   * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
   * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
   * THE SOFTWARE.
   */
  
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <string.h>
  
  #include "py/runtime.h"
  #include "py/binary.h"
  #include "py/mphal.h"
  #include "adc.h"
  #include "pin.h"
  #include "genhdr/pins.h"
  #include "timer.h"
  
  #if MICROPY_HW_ENABLE_ADC
  
  /// \moduleref pyb
  /// \class ADC - analog to digital conversion: read analog values on a pin
  ///
  /// Usage:
  ///
  ///     adc = pyb.ADC(pin)              # create an analog object from a pin
  ///     val = adc.read()                # read an analog value
  ///
  ///     adc = pyb.ADCAll(resolution)    # creale an ADCAll object
  ///     val = adc.read_channel(channel) # read the given channel
  ///     val = adc.read_core_temp()      # read MCU temperature
  ///     val = adc.read_core_vbat()      # read MCU VBAT
  ///     val = adc.read_core_vref()      # read MCU VREF
  
  /* ADC defintions */
  #define ADCx                    (ADC1)
  #define ADCx_CLK_ENABLE         __HAL_RCC_ADC1_CLK_ENABLE
  #define ADC_NUM_CHANNELS        (19)
  
  #if defined(STM32F4)
  
  #define ADC_FIRST_GPIO_CHANNEL  (0)
  #define ADC_LAST_GPIO_CHANNEL   (15)
  #define ADC_CAL_ADDRESS         (0x1fff7a2a)
  #define ADC_CAL1                ((uint16_t*)(ADC_CAL_ADDRESS + 2))
  #define ADC_CAL2                ((uint16_t*)(ADC_CAL_ADDRESS + 4))
  
  #elif defined(STM32F7)
  
  #define ADC_FIRST_GPIO_CHANNEL  (0)
  #define ADC_LAST_GPIO_CHANNEL   (15)
  #if defined(STM32F722xx) || defined(STM32F723xx) || \
      defined(STM32F732xx) || defined(STM32F733xx)
  #define ADC_CAL_ADDRESS         (0x1ff07a2a)
  #else
  #define ADC_CAL_ADDRESS         (0x1ff0f44a)
  #endif
  
  #define ADC_CAL1                ((uint16_t*)(ADC_CAL_ADDRESS + 2))
  #define ADC_CAL2                ((uint16_t*)(ADC_CAL_ADDRESS + 4))
  
  #elif defined(STM32L4)
  
  #define ADC_FIRST_GPIO_CHANNEL  (1)
  #define ADC_LAST_GPIO_CHANNEL   (16)
  #define ADC_CAL_ADDRESS         (0x1fff75aa)
  #define ADC_CAL1                ((uint16_t*)(ADC_CAL_ADDRESS - 2))
  #define ADC_CAL2                ((uint16_t*)(ADC_CAL_ADDRESS + 0x20))
  
  #else
  
  #error Unsupported processor
  
  #endif
  
  #if defined(STM32F405xx) || defined(STM32F415xx) || \
      defined(STM32F407xx) || defined(STM32F417xx) || \
      defined(STM32F401xC) || defined(STM32F401xE) || \
      defined(STM32F411xE)
  #define VBAT_DIV (2)
  #elif defined(STM32F427xx) || defined(STM32F429xx) || \
        defined(STM32F437xx) || defined(STM32F439xx) || \
        defined(STM32F722xx) || defined(STM32F723xx) || \
        defined(STM32F732xx) || defined(STM32F733xx) || \
        defined(STM32F746xx) || defined(STM32F767xx) || \
        defined(STM32F769xx) || defined(STM32F446xx)
  #define VBAT_DIV (4)
  #elif defined(STM32L475xx) || defined(STM32L476xx)
  #define VBAT_DIV (3)
  #else
  #error Unsupported processor
  #endif
  
  /* Core temperature sensor definitions */
  #define CORE_TEMP_V25          (943)  /* (0.76v/3.3v)*(2^ADC resoultion) */
  #define CORE_TEMP_AVG_SLOPE    (3)    /* (2.5mv/3.3v)*(2^ADC resoultion) */
  
  // scale and calibration values for VBAT and VREF
  #define ADC_SCALE (3.3f / 4095)
  #define VREFIN_CAL ((uint16_t *)ADC_CAL_ADDRESS)
  
  typedef struct _pyb_obj_adc_t {
      mp_obj_base_t base;
      mp_obj_t pin_name;
      int channel;
      ADC_HandleTypeDef handle;
  } pyb_obj_adc_t;
  
  // convert user-facing channel number into internal channel number
  static inline uint32_t adc_get_internal_channel(uint32_t channel) {
      #if defined(STM32F4) || defined(STM32F7)
      // on F4 and F7 MCUs we want channel 16 to always be the TEMPSENSOR
      // (on some MCUs ADC_CHANNEL_TEMPSENSOR=16, on others it doesn't)
      if (channel == 16) {
          channel = ADC_CHANNEL_TEMPSENSOR;
      }
      #endif
      return channel;
  }
  
  STATIC bool is_adcx_channel(int channel) {
  #if defined(STM32F4) || defined(STM32F7)
      return IS_ADC_CHANNEL(channel);
  #elif defined(STM32L4)
      ADC_HandleTypeDef handle;
      handle.Instance = ADCx;
      return IS_ADC_CHANNEL(&handle, channel);
  #else
      #error Unsupported processor
  #endif
  }
  
  STATIC void adc_wait_for_eoc_or_timeout(int32_t timeout) {
      uint32_t tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
  #if defined(STM32F4) || defined(STM32F7)
      while ((ADCx->SR & ADC_FLAG_EOC) != ADC_FLAG_EOC) {
  #elif defined(STM32L4)
      while (READ_BIT(ADCx->ISR, ADC_FLAG_EOC) != ADC_FLAG_EOC) {
  #else
      #error Unsupported processor
  #endif
          if (((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > timeout)) {
              break; // timeout
          }
      }
  }
  
  STATIC void adcx_clock_enable(void) {
  #if defined(STM32F4) || defined(STM32F7)
      ADCx_CLK_ENABLE();
  #elif defined(STM32L4)
      __HAL_RCC_ADC_CLK_ENABLE();
  #else
      #error Unsupported processor
  #endif
  }
  
  STATIC void adc_init_single(pyb_obj_adc_t *adc_obj) {
      if (!is_adcx_channel(adc_obj->channel)) {
          return;
      }
  
      if (ADC_FIRST_GPIO_CHANNEL <= adc_obj->channel && adc_obj->channel <= ADC_LAST_GPIO_CHANNEL) {
        // Channels 0-16 correspond to real pins. Configure the GPIO pin in
        // ADC mode.
        const pin_obj_t *pin = pin_adc1[adc_obj->channel];
        mp_hal_gpio_clock_enable(pin->gpio);
        GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
        GPIO_InitStructure.Pin = pin->pin_mask;
  #if defined(STM32F4) || defined(STM32F7)
        GPIO_InitStructure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
  #elif defined(STM32L4)
        GPIO_InitStructure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG_ADC_CONTROL;
  #else
      #error Unsupported processor
  #endif
        GPIO_InitStructure.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
        HAL_GPIO_Init(pin->gpio, &GPIO_InitStructure);
      }
  
      adcx_clock_enable();
  
      ADC_HandleTypeDef *adcHandle = &adc_obj->handle;
      adcHandle->Instance                   = ADCx;
      adcHandle->Init.ContinuousConvMode    = DISABLE;
      adcHandle->Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
      adcHandle->Init.NbrOfDiscConversion   = 0;
      adcHandle->Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge  = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
      adcHandle->Init.DataAlign             = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
      adcHandle->Init.NbrOfConversion       = 1;
      adcHandle->Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;
      adcHandle->Init.Resolution            = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
  #if defined(STM32F4) || defined(STM32F7)
      adcHandle->Init.ClockPrescaler        = ADC_CLOCK_SYNC_PCLK_DIV2;
      adcHandle->Init.ScanConvMode          = DISABLE;
      adcHandle->Init.ExternalTrigConv      = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONV_T1_CC1;
      adcHandle->Init.EOCSelection          = DISABLE;
  #elif defined(STM32L4)
      adcHandle->Init.ClockPrescaler        = ADC_CLOCK_ASYNC_DIV1;
      adcHandle->Init.ScanConvMode          = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE;
      adcHandle->Init.EOCSelection          = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;
      adcHandle->Init.ExternalTrigConv      = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
      adcHandle->Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge  = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
      adcHandle->Init.LowPowerAutoWait      = DISABLE;
      adcHandle->Init.Overrun               = ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED;
      adcHandle->Init.OversamplingMode      = DISABLE;
  #else
      #error Unsupported processor
  #endif
  
      HAL_ADC_Init(adcHandle);
  
  #if defined(STM32L4)
      ADC_MultiModeTypeDef multimode;
      multimode.Mode = ADC_MODE_INDEPENDENT;
      if (HAL_ADCEx_MultiModeConfigChannel(adcHandle, &multimode) != HAL_OK)
      {
          nlr_raise(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(&mp_type_ValueError, "Can not set multimode on ADC1 channel: %d", adc_obj->channel));
      }
  #endif
  }
  
  STATIC void adc_config_channel(ADC_HandleTypeDef *adc_handle, uint32_t channel) {
      ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig;
  
      sConfig.Channel = channel;
      sConfig.Rank = 1;
  #if defined(STM32F4) || defined(STM32F7)
      sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_15CYCLES;
  #elif defined(STM32L4)
      sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_12CYCLES_5;
      sConfig.SingleDiff = ADC_SINGLE_ENDED;
      sConfig.OffsetNumber = ADC_OFFSET_NONE;
  #else
      #error Unsupported processor
  #endif
      sConfig.Offset = 0;
  
      HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(adc_handle, &sConfig);
  }
  
  STATIC uint32_t adc_read_channel(ADC_HandleTypeDef *adcHandle) {
      uint32_t rawValue = 0;
  
      HAL_ADC_Start(adcHandle);
      if (HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(adcHandle, 10) == HAL_OK
          && (HAL_ADC_GetState(adcHandle) & HAL_ADC_STATE_REG_EOC) == HAL_ADC_STATE_REG_EOC) {
          rawValue = HAL_ADC_GetValue(adcHandle);
      }
      HAL_ADC_Stop(adcHandle);
  
      return rawValue;
  }
  
  /******************************************************************************/
  /* MicroPython bindings : adc object (single channel)                         */
  
  STATIC void adc_print(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t self_in, mp_print_kind_t kind) {
      pyb_obj_adc_t *self = self_in;
      mp_print_str(print, "<ADC on ");
      mp_obj_print_helper(print, self->pin_name, PRINT_STR);
      mp_printf(print, " channel=%lu>", self->channel);
  }
  
  /// \classmethod \constructor(pin)
  /// Create an ADC object associated with the given pin.
  /// This allows you to then read analog values on that pin.
  STATIC mp_obj_t adc_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args) {
      // check number of arguments
      mp_arg_check_num(n_args, n_kw, 1, 1, false);
  
      // 1st argument is the pin name
      mp_obj_t pin_obj = args[0];
  
      uint32_t channel;
  
      if (MP_OBJ_IS_INT(pin_obj)) {
          channel = adc_get_internal_channel(mp_obj_get_int(pin_obj));
      } else {
          const pin_obj_t *pin = pin_find(pin_obj);
          if ((pin->adc_num & PIN_ADC1) == 0) {
              // No ADC1 function on that pin
              nlr_raise(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(&mp_type_ValueError, "pin %q does not have ADC capabilities", pin->name));
          }
          channel = pin->adc_channel;
      }
  
      if (!is_adcx_channel(channel)) {
          nlr_raise(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(&mp_type_ValueError, "not a valid ADC Channel: %d", channel));
      }
  
  
      if (ADC_FIRST_GPIO_CHANNEL <= channel && channel <= ADC_LAST_GPIO_CHANNEL) {
          // these channels correspond to physical GPIO ports so make sure they exist
          if (pin_adc1[channel] == NULL) {
              nlr_raise(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(&mp_type_ValueError,
                  "channel %d not available on this board", channel));
          }
      }
  
      pyb_obj_adc_t *o = m_new_obj(pyb_obj_adc_t);
      memset(o, 0, sizeof(*o));
      o->base.type = &pyb_adc_type;
      o->pin_name = pin_obj;
      o->channel = channel;
      adc_init_single(o);
  
      return o;
  }
  
  /// \method read()
  /// Read the value on the analog pin and return it.  The returned value
  /// will be between 0 and 4095.
  STATIC mp_obj_t adc_read(mp_obj_t self_in) {
      pyb_obj_adc_t *self = self_in;
  
      adc_config_channel(&self->handle, self->channel);
      uint32_t data = adc_read_channel(&self->handle);
      return mp_obj_new_int(data);
  }
  STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(adc_read_obj, adc_read);
  
  /// \method read_timed(buf, timer)
  ///
  /// Read analog values into `buf` at a rate set by the `timer` object.
  ///
  /// `buf` can be bytearray or array.array for example.  The ADC values have
  /// 12-bit resolution and are stored directly into `buf` if its element size is
  /// 16 bits or greater.  If `buf` has only 8-bit elements (eg a bytearray) then
  /// the sample resolution will be reduced to 8 bits.
  ///
  /// `timer` should be a Timer object, and a sample is read each time the timer
  /// triggers.  The timer must already be initialised and running at the desired
  /// sampling frequency.
  ///
  /// To support previous behaviour of this function, `timer` can also be an
  /// integer which specifies the frequency (in Hz) to sample at.  In this case
  /// Timer(6) will be automatically configured to run at the given frequency.
  ///
  /// Example using a Timer object (preferred way):
  ///
  ///     adc = pyb.ADC(pyb.Pin.board.X19)    # create an ADC on pin X19
  ///     tim = pyb.Timer(6, freq=10)         # create a timer running at 10Hz
  ///     buf = bytearray(100)                # creat a buffer to store the samples
  ///     adc.read_timed(buf, tim)            # sample 100 values, taking 10s
  ///
  /// Example using an integer for the frequency:
  ///
  ///     adc = pyb.ADC(pyb.Pin.board.X19)    # create an ADC on pin X19
  ///     buf = bytearray(100)                # create a buffer of 100 bytes
  ///     adc.read_timed(buf, 10)             # read analog values into buf at 10Hz
  ///                                         #   this will take 10 seconds to finish
  ///     for val in buf:                     # loop over all values
  ///         print(val)                      # print the value out
  ///
  /// This function does not allocate any memory.
  STATIC mp_obj_t adc_read_timed(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t buf_in, mp_obj_t freq_in) {
      pyb_obj_adc_t *self = self_in;
  
      mp_buffer_info_t bufinfo;
      mp_get_buffer_raise(buf_in, &bufinfo, MP_BUFFER_WRITE);
      size_t typesize = mp_binary_get_size('@', bufinfo.typecode, NULL);
  
      TIM_HandleTypeDef *tim;
      #if defined(TIM6)
      if (mp_obj_is_integer(freq_in)) {
          // freq in Hz given so init TIM6 (legacy behaviour)
          tim = timer_tim6_init(mp_obj_get_int(freq_in));
          HAL_TIM_Base_Start(tim);
      } else
      #endif
      {
          // use the supplied timer object as the sampling time base
          tim = pyb_timer_get_handle(freq_in);
      }
  
      // configure the ADC channel
      adc_config_channel(&self->handle, self->channel);
  
      // This uses the timer in polling mode to do the sampling
      // TODO use DMA
  
      uint nelems = bufinfo.len / typesize;
      for (uint index = 0; index < nelems; index++) {
          // Wait for the timer to trigger so we sample at the correct frequency
          while (__HAL_TIM_GET_FLAG(tim, TIM_FLAG_UPDATE) == RESET) {
          }
          __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_FLAG(tim, TIM_FLAG_UPDATE);
  
          if (index == 0) {
              // for the first sample we need to turn the ADC on
              HAL_ADC_Start(&self->handle);
          } else {
              // for subsequent samples we can just set the "start sample" bit
  #if defined(STM32F4) || defined(STM32F7)
              ADCx->CR2 |= (uint32_t)ADC_CR2_SWSTART;
  #elif defined(STM32L4)
              SET_BIT(ADCx->CR, ADC_CR_ADSTART);
  #else
              #error Unsupported processor
  #endif
          }
  
          // wait for sample to complete
          #define READ_TIMED_TIMEOUT (10) // in ms
          adc_wait_for_eoc_or_timeout(READ_TIMED_TIMEOUT);
  
          // read value
          uint value = ADCx->DR;
  
          // store value in buffer
          if (typesize == 1) {
              value >>= 4;
          }
          mp_binary_set_val_array_from_int(bufinfo.typecode, bufinfo.buf, index, value);
      }
  
      // turn the ADC off
      HAL_ADC_Stop(&self->handle);
  
      #if defined(TIM6)
      if (mp_obj_is_integer(freq_in)) {
          // stop timer if we initialised TIM6 in this function (legacy behaviour)
          HAL_TIM_Base_Stop(tim);
      }
      #endif
  
      return mp_obj_new_int(bufinfo.len);
  }
  STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_3(adc_read_timed_obj, adc_read_timed);
  
  STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t adc_locals_dict_table[] = {
      { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_read), MP_ROM_PTR(&adc_read_obj) },
      { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_read_timed), MP_ROM_PTR(&adc_read_timed_obj) },
  };
  
  STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(adc_locals_dict, adc_locals_dict_table);
  
  const mp_obj_type_t pyb_adc_type = {
      { &mp_type_type },
      .name = MP_QSTR_ADC,
      .print = adc_print,
      .make_new = adc_make_new,
      .locals_dict = (mp_obj_dict_t*)&adc_locals_dict,
  };
  
  /******************************************************************************/
  /* adc all object                                                             */
  
  typedef struct _pyb_adc_all_obj_t {
      mp_obj_base_t base;
      ADC_HandleTypeDef handle;
  } pyb_adc_all_obj_t;
  
  void adc_init_all(pyb_adc_all_obj_t *adc_all, uint32_t resolution, uint32_t en_mask) {
  
      switch (resolution) {
          case 6:  resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_6B;  break;
          case 8:  resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_8B;  break;
          case 10: resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_10B; break;
          case 12: resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B; break;
          default:
              nlr_raise(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(&mp_type_ValueError,
                  "resolution %d not supported", resolution));
      }
  
      for (uint32_t channel = ADC_FIRST_GPIO_CHANNEL; channel <= ADC_LAST_GPIO_CHANNEL; ++channel) {
          // only initialise those channels that are selected with the en_mask
          if (en_mask & (1 << channel)) {
              // Channels 0-16 correspond to real pins. Configure the GPIO pin in
              // ADC mode.
              const pin_obj_t *pin = pin_adc1[channel];
              if (pin) {
                  mp_hal_gpio_clock_enable(pin->gpio);
                  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
                  GPIO_InitStructure.Pin = pin->pin_mask;
                  GPIO_InitStructure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
                  GPIO_InitStructure.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
                  HAL_GPIO_Init(pin->gpio, &GPIO_InitStructure);
              }
          }
      }
  
      adcx_clock_enable();
  
      ADC_HandleTypeDef *adcHandle = &adc_all->handle;
      adcHandle->Instance = ADCx;
      adcHandle->Init.Resolution            = resolution;
      adcHandle->Init.ContinuousConvMode    = DISABLE;
      adcHandle->Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
      adcHandle->Init.NbrOfDiscConversion   = 0;
      adcHandle->Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge  = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
      adcHandle->Init.DataAlign             = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
      adcHandle->Init.NbrOfConversion       = 1;
      adcHandle->Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;
      adcHandle->Init.EOCSelection          = DISABLE;
  #if defined(STM32F4) || defined(STM32F7)
      adcHandle->Init.ClockPrescaler        = ADC_CLOCK_SYNC_PCLK_DIV2;
      adcHandle->Init.ScanConvMode          = DISABLE;
      adcHandle->Init.ExternalTrigConv      = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONV_T1_CC1;
  #elif defined(STM32L4)
      adcHandle->Init.ClockPrescaler        = ADC_CLOCK_ASYNC_DIV2;
      adcHandle->Init.ScanConvMode          = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE;
      adcHandle->Init.ExternalTrigConv      = ADC_EXTERNALTRIG_T1_CC1;
      adcHandle->Init.LowPowerAutoWait      = DISABLE;
      adcHandle->Init.Overrun               = ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED;
      adcHandle->Init.OversamplingMode      = DISABLE;
  #else
      #error Unsupported processor
  #endif
  
      HAL_ADC_Init(adcHandle);
  }
  
  uint32_t adc_config_and_read_channel(ADC_HandleTypeDef *adcHandle, uint32_t channel) {
      adc_config_channel(adcHandle, channel);
      return adc_read_channel(adcHandle);
  }
  
  int adc_get_resolution(ADC_HandleTypeDef *adcHandle) {
      uint32_t res_reg = ADC_GET_RESOLUTION(adcHandle);
  
      switch (res_reg) {
          case ADC_RESOLUTION_6B:  return 6;
          case ADC_RESOLUTION_8B:  return 8;
          case ADC_RESOLUTION_10B: return 10;
      }
      return 12;
  }
  
  int adc_read_core_temp(ADC_HandleTypeDef *adcHandle) {
      int32_t raw_value = adc_config_and_read_channel(adcHandle, ADC_CHANNEL_TEMPSENSOR);
  
      // Note: constants assume 12-bit resolution, so we scale the raw value to
      //       be 12-bits.
      raw_value <<= (12 - adc_get_resolution(adcHandle));
  
      return ((raw_value - CORE_TEMP_V25) / CORE_TEMP_AVG_SLOPE) + 25;
  }
  
  #if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_FLOAT
  // correction factor for reference value
  STATIC volatile float adc_refcor = 1.0f;
  
  float adc_read_core_temp_float(ADC_HandleTypeDef *adcHandle) {
      int32_t raw_value = adc_config_and_read_channel(adcHandle, ADC_CHANNEL_TEMPSENSOR);
  
      // constants assume 12-bit resolution so we scale the raw value to 12-bits
      raw_value <<= (12 - adc_get_resolution(adcHandle));
  
      float core_temp_avg_slope = (*ADC_CAL2 - *ADC_CAL1) / 80.0;
      return (((float)raw_value * adc_refcor - *ADC_CAL1) / core_temp_avg_slope) + 30.0f;
  }
  
  float adc_read_core_vbat(ADC_HandleTypeDef *adcHandle) {
      uint32_t raw_value = adc_config_and_read_channel(adcHandle, ADC_CHANNEL_VBAT);
  
      // Note: constants assume 12-bit resolution, so we scale the raw value to
      //       be 12-bits.
      raw_value <<= (12 - adc_get_resolution(adcHandle));
  
      #if defined(STM32F4) || defined(STM32F7)
      // ST docs say that (at least on STM32F42x and STM32F43x), VBATE must
      // be disabled when TSVREFE is enabled for TEMPSENSOR and VREFINT
      // conversions to work.  VBATE is enabled by the above call to read
      // the channel, and here we disable VBATE so a subsequent call for
      // TEMPSENSOR or VREFINT works correctly.
      ADC->CCR &= ~ADC_CCR_VBATE;
      #endif
  
      return raw_value * VBAT_DIV * ADC_SCALE * adc_refcor;
  }
  
  float adc_read_core_vref(ADC_HandleTypeDef *adcHandle) {
      uint32_t raw_value = adc_config_and_read_channel(adcHandle, ADC_CHANNEL_VREFINT);
  
      // Note: constants assume 12-bit resolution, so we scale the raw value to
      //       be 12-bits.
      raw_value <<= (12 - adc_get_resolution(adcHandle));
  
      // update the reference correction factor
      adc_refcor = ((float)(*VREFIN_CAL)) / ((float)raw_value);
  
      return (*VREFIN_CAL) * ADC_SCALE;
  }
  #endif
  
  /******************************************************************************/
  /* MicroPython bindings : adc_all object                                      */
  
  STATIC mp_obj_t adc_all_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args) {
      // check number of arguments
      mp_arg_check_num(n_args, n_kw, 1, 2, false);
  
      // make ADCAll object
      pyb_adc_all_obj_t *o = m_new_obj(pyb_adc_all_obj_t);
      o->base.type = &pyb_adc_all_type;
      mp_int_t res = mp_obj_get_int(args[0]);
      uint32_t en_mask = 0xffffffff;
      if (n_args > 1) {
          en_mask =  mp_obj_get_int(args[1]);
      }
      adc_init_all(o, res, en_mask);
  
      return o;
  }
  
  STATIC mp_obj_t adc_all_read_channel(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t channel) {
      pyb_adc_all_obj_t *self = self_in;
      uint32_t chan = adc_get_internal_channel(mp_obj_get_int(channel));
      uint32_t data = adc_config_and_read_channel(&self->handle, chan);
      return mp_obj_new_int(data);
  }
  STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(adc_all_read_channel_obj, adc_all_read_channel);
  
  STATIC mp_obj_t adc_all_read_core_temp(mp_obj_t self_in) {
      pyb_adc_all_obj_t *self = self_in;
      #if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_FLOAT
      float data = adc_read_core_temp_float(&self->handle);
      return mp_obj_new_float(data);
      #else
      int data  = adc_read_core_temp(&self->handle);
      return mp_obj_new_int(data);
      #endif
  }
  STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(adc_all_read_core_temp_obj, adc_all_read_core_temp);
  
  #if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_FLOAT
  STATIC mp_obj_t adc_all_read_core_vbat(mp_obj_t self_in) {
      pyb_adc_all_obj_t *self = self_in;
      float data = adc_read_core_vbat(&self->handle);
      return mp_obj_new_float(data);
  }
  STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(adc_all_read_core_vbat_obj, adc_all_read_core_vbat);
  
  STATIC mp_obj_t adc_all_read_core_vref(mp_obj_t self_in) {
      pyb_adc_all_obj_t *self = self_in;
      float data  = adc_read_core_vref(&self->handle);
      return mp_obj_new_float(data);
  }
  STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(adc_all_read_core_vref_obj, adc_all_read_core_vref);
  
  STATIC mp_obj_t adc_all_read_vref(mp_obj_t self_in) {
      pyb_adc_all_obj_t *self = self_in;
      adc_read_core_vref(&self->handle);
      return mp_obj_new_float(3.3 * adc_refcor);
  }
  STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(adc_all_read_vref_obj, adc_all_read_vref);
  #endif
  
  STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t adc_all_locals_dict_table[] = {
      { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_read_channel), MP_ROM_PTR(&adc_all_read_channel_obj) },
      { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_read_core_temp), MP_ROM_PTR(&adc_all_read_core_temp_obj) },
  #if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_FLOAT
      { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_read_core_vbat), MP_ROM_PTR(&adc_all_read_core_vbat_obj) },
      { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_read_core_vref), MP_ROM_PTR(&adc_all_read_core_vref_obj) },
      { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_read_vref), MP_ROM_PTR(&adc_all_read_vref_obj) },
  #endif
  };
  
  STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(adc_all_locals_dict, adc_all_locals_dict_table);
  
  const mp_obj_type_t pyb_adc_all_type = {
      { &mp_type_type },
      .name = MP_QSTR_ADCAll,
      .make_new = adc_all_make_new,
      .locals_dict = (mp_obj_dict_t*)&adc_all_locals_dict,
  };
  
  #endif // MICROPY_HW_ENABLE_ADC
  