text: """
  The MIT License (MIT)
  
  Copyright (c) 2015-present Rapptz
  
  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
  copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
  to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
  the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
  and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
  Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  
  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  
  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
  OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
  FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
  DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  """
  from __future__ import annotations
  
  import asyncio
  import datetime
  import functools
  import inspect
  from typing import (
      TYPE_CHECKING,
      Any,
      Callable,
      Dict,
      Generator,
      Generic,
      List,
      Literal,
      Optional,
      Set,
      Tuple,
      Type,
      TypeVar,
      Union,
      overload,
  )
  
  import discord
  
  from ._types import _BaseCommand
  from .cog import Cog
  from .context import Context
  from .converter import Greedy, get_converter, run_converters
  from .cooldowns import BucketType, Cooldown, CooldownMapping, DynamicCooldownMapping, MaxConcurrency
  from .errors import *
  
  if TYPE_CHECKING:
      from typing_extensions import Concatenate, ParamSpec, TypeGuard
  
      from discord.message import Message
  
      from ._types import Check, Coro, CoroFunc, Error, Hook
  
  
  __all__ = (
      "Command",
      "Group",
      "GroupMixin",
      "command",
      "group",
      "has_role",
      "has_permissions",
      "has_any_role",
      "check",
      "check_any",
      "before_invoke",
      "after_invoke",
      "bot_has_role",
      "bot_has_permissions",
      "bot_has_any_role",
      "cooldown",
      "dynamic_cooldown",
      "max_concurrency",
      "dm_only",
      "guild_only",
      "is_owner",
      "is_nsfw",
      "has_guild_permissions",
      "bot_has_guild_permissions",
  )
  
  MISSING: Any = discord.utils.MISSING
  
  T = TypeVar("T")
  CogT = TypeVar("CogT", bound="Cog")
  CommandT = TypeVar("CommandT", bound="Command")
  ContextT = TypeVar("ContextT", bound="Context")
  # CHT = TypeVar('CHT', bound='Check')
  GroupT = TypeVar("GroupT", bound="Group")
  HookT = TypeVar("HookT", bound="Hook")
  ErrorT = TypeVar("ErrorT", bound="Error")
  
  if TYPE_CHECKING:
      P = ParamSpec("P")
  else:
      P = TypeVar("P")
  
  
  def unwrap_function(function: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
      partial = functools.partial
      while True:
          if hasattr(function, "__wrapped__"):
              function = function.__wrapped__
          elif isinstance(function, partial):
              function = function.func
          else:
              return function
  
  
  def get_signature_parameters(function: Callable[..., Any], globalns: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, inspect.Parameter]:
      signature = inspect.signature(function)
      params = {}
      cache: Dict[str, Any] = {}
      eval_annotation = discord.utils.evaluate_annotation
      for name, parameter in signature.parameters.items():
          annotation = parameter.annotation
          if annotation is parameter.empty:
              params[name] = parameter
              continue
          if annotation is None:
              params[name] = parameter.replace(annotation=type(None))
              continue
  
          annotation = eval_annotation(annotation, globalns, globalns, cache)
          if annotation is Greedy:
              raise TypeError("Unparameterized Greedy[...] is disallowed in signature.")
  
          params[name] = parameter.replace(annotation=annotation)
  
      return params
  
  
  def wrap_callback(coro):
      @functools.wraps(coro)
      async def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
          try:
              ret = await coro(*args, **kwargs)
          except CommandError:
              raise
          except asyncio.CancelledError:
              return
          except Exception as exc:
              raise CommandInvokeError(exc) from exc
          return ret
  
      return wrapped
  
  
  def hooked_wrapped_callback(command, ctx, coro):
      @functools.wraps(coro)
      async def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
          try:
              ret = await coro(*args, **kwargs)
          except CommandError:
              ctx.command_failed = True
              raise
          except asyncio.CancelledError:
              ctx.command_failed = True
              return
          except Exception as exc:
              ctx.command_failed = True
              raise CommandInvokeError(exc) from exc
          finally:
              if command._max_concurrency is not None:
                  await command._max_concurrency.release(ctx)
  
              await command.call_after_hooks(ctx)
          return ret
  
      return wrapped
  
  
  class _CaseInsensitiveDict(dict):
      def __contains__(self, k):
          return super().__contains__(k.casefold())
  
      def __delitem__(self, k):
          return super().__delitem__(k.casefold())
  
      def __getitem__(self, k):
          return super().__getitem__(k.casefold())
  
      def get(self, k, default=None):
          return super().get(k.casefold(), default)
  
      def pop(self, k, default=None):
          return super().pop(k.casefold(), default)
  
      def __setitem__(self, k, v):
          super().__setitem__(k.casefold(), v)
  
  
  class Command(_BaseCommand, Generic[CogT, P, T]):
      r"""A class that implements the protocol for a bot text command.
  
      These are not created manually, instead they are created via the
      decorator or functional interface.
  
      Attributes
      -----------
      name: :class:`str`
          The name of the command.
      callback: :ref:`coroutine <coroutine>`
          The coroutine that is executed when the command is called.
      help: Optional[:class:`str`]
          The long help text for the command.
      brief: Optional[:class:`str`]
          The short help text for the command.
      usage: Optional[:class:`str`]
          A replacement for arguments in the default help text.
      aliases: Union[List[:class:`str`], Tuple[:class:`str`]]
          The list of aliases the command can be invoked under.
      enabled: :class:`bool`
          A boolean that indicates if the command is currently enabled.
          If the command is invoked while it is disabled, then
          :exc:`.DisabledCommand` is raised to the :func:`.on_command_error`
          event. Defaults to ``True``.
      parent: Optional[:class:`Group`]
          The parent group that this command belongs to. ``None`` if there
          isn't one.
      cog: Optional[:class:`Cog`]
          The cog that this command belongs to. ``None`` if there isn't one.
      checks: List[Callable[[:class:`.Context`], :class:`bool`]]
          A list of predicates that verifies if the command could be executed
          with the given :class:`.Context` as the sole parameter. If an exception
          is necessary to be thrown to signal failure, then one inherited from
          :exc:`.CommandError` should be used. Note that if the checks fail then
          :exc:`.CheckFailure` exception is raised to the :func:`.on_command_error`
          event.
      description: :class:`str`
          The message prefixed into the default help command.
      hidden: :class:`bool`
          If ``True``\, the default help command does not show this in the
          help output.
      rest_is_raw: :class:`bool`
          If ``False`` and a keyword-only argument is provided then the keyword
          only argument is stripped and handled as if it was a regular argument
          that handles :exc:`.MissingRequiredArgument` and default values in a
          regular matter rather than passing the rest completely raw. If ``True``
          then the keyword-only argument will pass in the rest of the arguments
          in a completely raw matter. Defaults to ``False``.
      invoked_subcommand: Optional[:class:`Command`]
          The subcommand that was invoked, if any.
      require_var_positional: :class:`bool`
          If ``True`` and a variadic positional argument is specified, requires
          the user to specify at least one argument. Defaults to ``False``.
  
          .. versionadded:: 1.5
  
      ignore_extra: :class:`bool`
          If ``True``\, ignores extraneous strings passed to a command if all its
          requirements are met (e.g. ``?foo a b c`` when only expecting ``a``
          and ``b``). Otherwise :func:`.on_command_error` and local error handlers
          are called with :exc:`.TooManyArguments`. Defaults to ``True``.
      cooldown_after_parsing: :class:`bool`
          If ``True``\, cooldown processing is done after argument parsing,
          which calls converters. If ``False`` then cooldown processing is done
          first and then the converters are called second. Defaults to ``False``.
      extras: :class:`dict`
          A dict of user provided extras to attach to the Command.
  
          .. note::
              This object may be copied by the library.
  
  
          .. versionadded:: 2.0
      """
      __original_kwargs__: Dict[str, Any]
  
      def __new__(cls: Type[CommandT], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> CommandT:
          # if you're wondering why this is done, it's because we need to ensure
          # we have a complete original copy of **kwargs even for classes that
          # mess with it by popping before delegating to the subclass __init__.
          # In order to do this, we need to control the instance creation and
          # inject the original kwargs through __new__ rather than doing it
          # inside __init__.
          self = super().__new__(cls)
  
          # we do a shallow copy because it's probably the most common use case.
          # this could potentially break if someone modifies a list or something
          # while it's in movement, but for now this is the cheapest and
          # fastest way to do what we want.
          self.__original_kwargs__ = kwargs.copy()
          return self
  
      @overload
      def __init__(
          self,
          func: Union[
              Callable[Concatenate[CogT, ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
              Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
          ],
          *,
          name: Optional[str] = None,
          enabled: bool = True,
          help: Optional[str] = None,
          brief: Optional[str] = None,
          usage: Optional[str] = None,
          aliases: Union[List[str], Tuple[str]] = [],
          rest_is_raw: bool = False,
          description: Optional[str] = None,
          hidden: bool = False,
          checks: Optional[List[Check]] = None,
          cooldown: Optional[CooldownMapping] = ...,
          max_concurrency: Optional[MaxConcurrency] = ...,
          require_var_positional: bool = False,
          ignore_extra: bool = True,
          cooldown_after_parsing: bool = False,
          parent: Optional[GroupMixin] = None,
          extras: Dict[str, Any] = {},
      ) -> None:
          ...
  
      def __init__(
          self,
          func: Union[
              Callable[Concatenate[CogT, ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
              Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
          ],
          **kwargs: Any,
      ):
          if not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(func):
              raise TypeError("Callback must be a coroutine.")
  
          name = kwargs.get("name") or func.__name__
          if not isinstance(name, str):
              raise TypeError("Name of a command must be a string.")
          self.name: str = name
  
          self.callback = func
          self.enabled: bool = kwargs.get("enabled", True)
  
          help_doc = kwargs.get("help")
          if help_doc is not None:
              help_doc = inspect.cleandoc(help_doc)
          else:
              help_doc = inspect.getdoc(func)
              if isinstance(help_doc, bytes):
                  help_doc = help_doc.decode("utf-8")
  
          self.help: Optional[str] = help_doc
  
          self.brief: Optional[str] = kwargs.get("brief")
          self.usage: Optional[str] = kwargs.get("usage")
          self.rest_is_raw: bool = kwargs.get("rest_is_raw", False)
          self.aliases: Union[List[str], Tuple[str]] = kwargs.get("aliases", [])
          self.extras: Dict[str, Any] = kwargs.get("extras", {})
  
          if not isinstance(self.aliases, (list, tuple)):
              raise TypeError("Aliases of a command must be a list or a tuple of strings.")
  
          self.description: str = inspect.cleandoc(kwargs.get("description", ""))
          self.hidden: bool = kwargs.get("hidden", False)
  
          try:
              checks = func.__commands_checks__
              checks.reverse()
          except AttributeError:
              checks = kwargs.get("checks", [])
  
          self.checks: List[Check] = checks
  
          try:
              cooldown = func.__commands_cooldown__
          except AttributeError:
              cooldown = kwargs.get("cooldown")
  
          if cooldown is None:
              buckets = CooldownMapping(cooldown, BucketType.default)
          elif isinstance(cooldown, CooldownMapping):
              buckets = cooldown
          else:
              raise TypeError("Cooldown must be a an instance of CooldownMapping or None.")
          self._buckets: CooldownMapping = buckets
  
          try:
              max_concurrency = func.__commands_max_concurrency__
          except AttributeError:
              max_concurrency = kwargs.get("max_concurrency")
  
          self._max_concurrency: Optional[MaxConcurrency] = max_concurrency
  
          self.require_var_positional: bool = kwargs.get("require_var_positional", False)
          self.ignore_extra: bool = kwargs.get("ignore_extra", True)
          self.cooldown_after_parsing: bool = kwargs.get("cooldown_after_parsing", False)
          self.cog: Optional[CogT] = None
  
          # bandaid for the fact that sometimes parent can be the bot instance
          parent = kwargs.get("parent")
          self.parent: Optional[GroupMixin] = parent if isinstance(parent, _BaseCommand) else None  # type: ignore
  
          self._before_invoke: Optional[Hook] = None
          try:
              before_invoke = func.__before_invoke__
          except AttributeError:
              pass
          else:
              self.before_invoke(before_invoke)
  
          self._after_invoke: Optional[Hook] = None
          try:
              after_invoke = func.__after_invoke__
          except AttributeError:
              pass
          else:
              self.after_invoke(after_invoke)
  
      @property
      def callback(
          self,
      ) -> Union[Callable[Concatenate[CogT, Context, P], Coro[T]], Callable[Concatenate[Context, P], Coro[T]]]:
          return self._callback
  
      @callback.setter
      def callback(
          self,
          function: Union[
              Callable[Concatenate[CogT, Context, P], Coro[T]],
              Callable[Concatenate[Context, P], Coro[T]],
          ],
      ) -> None:
          self._callback = function
          unwrap = unwrap_function(function)
          self.module = unwrap.__module__
  
          try:
              globalns = unwrap.__globals__
          except AttributeError:
              globalns = {}
  
          self.params = get_signature_parameters(function, globalns)
  
      def add_check(self, func: Check) -> None:
          """Adds a check to the command.
  
          This is the non-decorator interface to :func:`.check`.
  
          .. versionadded:: 1.3
  
          Parameters
          -----------
          func
              The function that will be used as a check.
          """
  
          self.checks.append(func)
  
      def remove_check(self, func: Check) -> None:
          """Removes a check from the command.
  
          This function is idempotent and will not raise an exception
          if the function is not in the command's checks.
  
          .. versionadded:: 1.3
  
          Parameters
          -----------
          func
              The function to remove from the checks.
          """
  
          try:
              self.checks.remove(func)
          except ValueError:
              pass
  
      def update(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
          """Updates :class:`Command` instance with updated attribute.
  
          This works similarly to the :func:`.command` decorator in terms
          of parameters in that they are passed to the :class:`Command` or
          subclass constructors, sans the name and callback.
          """
          self.__init__(self.callback, **dict(self.__original_kwargs__, **kwargs))
  
      async def __call__(self, context: Context, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
          """|coro|
  
          Calls the internal callback that the command holds.
  
          .. note::
  
              This bypasses all mechanisms -- including checks, converters,
              invoke hooks, cooldowns, etc. You must take care to pass
              the proper arguments and types to this function.
  
          .. versionadded:: 1.3
          """
          if self.cog is not None:
              return await self.callback(self.cog, context, *args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
          else:
              return await self.callback(context, *args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
  
      def _ensure_assignment_on_copy(self, other: CommandT) -> CommandT:
          other._before_invoke = self._before_invoke
          other._after_invoke = self._after_invoke
          if self.checks != other.checks:
              other.checks = self.checks.copy()
          if self._buckets.valid and not other._buckets.valid:
              other._buckets = self._buckets.copy()
          if self._max_concurrency != other._max_concurrency:
              # _max_concurrency won't be None at this point
              other._max_concurrency = self._max_concurrency.copy()  # type: ignore
  
          try:
              other.on_error = self.on_error
          except AttributeError:
              pass
          return other
  
      def copy(self: CommandT) -> CommandT:
          """Creates a copy of this command.
  
          Returns
          --------
          :class:`Command`
              A new instance of this command.
          """
          ret = self.__class__(self.callback, **self.__original_kwargs__)
          return self._ensure_assignment_on_copy(ret)
  
      def _update_copy(self: CommandT, kwargs: Dict[str, Any]) -> CommandT:
          if kwargs:
              kw = kwargs.copy()
              kw.update(self.__original_kwargs__)
              copy = self.__class__(self.callback, **kw)
              return self._ensure_assignment_on_copy(copy)
          else:
              return self.copy()
  
      async def dispatch_error(self, ctx: Context, error: Exception) -> None:
          ctx.command_failed = True
          cog = self.cog
          try:
              coro = self.on_error
          except AttributeError:
              pass
          else:
              injected = wrap_callback(coro)
              if cog is not None:
                  await injected(cog, ctx, error)
              else:
                  await injected(ctx, error)
  
          try:
              if cog is not None:
                  local = Cog._get_overridden_method(cog.cog_command_error)
                  if local is not None:
                      wrapped = wrap_callback(local)
                      await wrapped(ctx, error)
          finally:
              ctx.bot.dispatch("command_error", ctx, error)
  
      async def transform(self, ctx: Context, param: inspect.Parameter) -> Any:
          required = param.default is param.empty
          converter = get_converter(param)
          consume_rest_is_special = param.kind == param.KEYWORD_ONLY and not self.rest_is_raw
          view = ctx.view
          view.skip_ws()
  
          # The greedy converter is simple -- it keeps going until it fails in which case,
          # it undos the view ready for the next parameter to use instead
          if isinstance(converter, Greedy):
              if param.kind in (param.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD, param.POSITIONAL_ONLY):
                  return await self._transform_greedy_pos(ctx, param, required, converter.converter)
              elif param.kind == param.VAR_POSITIONAL:
                  return await self._transform_greedy_var_pos(ctx, param, converter.converter)
              else:
                  # if we're here, then it's a KEYWORD_ONLY param type
                  # since this is mostly useless, we'll helpfully transform Greedy[X]
                  # into just X and do the parsing that way.
                  converter = converter.converter
  
          if view.eof:
              if param.kind == param.VAR_POSITIONAL:
                  raise RuntimeError()  # break the loop
              if required:
                  if self._is_typing_optional(param.annotation):
                      return None
                  if hasattr(converter, "__commands_is_flag__") and converter._can_be_constructible():
                      return await converter._construct_default(ctx)
                  raise MissingRequiredArgument(param)
              return param.default
  
          previous = view.index
          if consume_rest_is_special:
              argument = view.read_rest().strip()
          else:
              try:
                  argument = view.get_quoted_word()
              except ArgumentParsingError as exc:
                  if self._is_typing_optional(param.annotation):
                      view.index = previous
                      return None
                  else:
                      raise exc
          view.previous = previous
  
          # type-checker fails to narrow argument
          return await run_converters(ctx, converter, argument, param)  # type: ignore
  
      async def _transform_greedy_pos(
          self, ctx: Context, param: inspect.Parameter, required: bool, converter: Any
      ) -> Any:
          view = ctx.view
          result = []
          while not view.eof:
              # for use with a manual undo
              previous = view.index
  
              view.skip_ws()
              try:
                  argument = view.get_quoted_word()
                  value = await run_converters(ctx, converter, argument, param)  # type: ignore
              except (CommandError, ArgumentParsingError):
                  view.index = previous
                  break
              else:
                  result.append(value)
  
          if not result and not required:
              return param.default
          return result
  
      async def _transform_greedy_var_pos(self, ctx: Context, param: inspect.Parameter, converter: Any) -> Any:
          view = ctx.view
          previous = view.index
          try:
              argument = view.get_quoted_word()
              value = await run_converters(ctx, converter, argument, param)  # type: ignore
          except (CommandError, ArgumentParsingError):
              view.index = previous
              raise RuntimeError() from None  # break loop
          else:
              return value
  
      @property
      def clean_params(self) -> Dict[str, inspect.Parameter]:
          """Dict[:class:`str`, :class:`inspect.Parameter`]:
          Retrieves the parameter dictionary without the context or self parameters.
  
          Useful for inspecting signature.
          """
          result = self.params.copy()
          if self.cog is not None:
              # first parameter is self
              try:
                  del result[next(iter(result))]
              except StopIteration:
                  raise ValueError("missing 'self' parameter") from None
  
          try:
              # first/second parameter is context
              del result[next(iter(result))]
          except StopIteration:
              raise ValueError("missing 'context' parameter") from None
  
          return result
  
      @property
      def full_parent_name(self) -> str:
          """:class:`str`: Retrieves the fully qualified parent command name.
  
          This the base command name required to execute it. For example,
          in ``?one two three`` the parent name would be ``one two``.
          """
          entries = []
          command = self
          # command.parent is type-hinted as GroupMixin some attributes are resolved via MRO
          while command.parent is not None:  # type: ignore
              command = command.parent  # type: ignore
              entries.append(command.name)  # type: ignore
  
          return " ".join(reversed(entries))
  
      @property
      def parents(self) -> List[Group]:
          """List[:class:`Group`]: Retrieves the parents of this command.
  
          If the command has no parents then it returns an empty :class:`list`.
  
          For example in commands ``?a b c test``, the parents are ``[c, b, a]``.
  
          .. versionadded:: 1.1
          """
          entries = []
          command = self
          while command.parent is not None:  # type: ignore
              command = command.parent  # type: ignore
              entries.append(command)
  
          return entries
  
      @property
      def root_parent(self) -> Optional[Group]:
          """Optional[:class:`Group`]: Retrieves the root parent of this command.
  
          If the command has no parents then it returns ``None``.
  
          For example in commands ``?a b c test``, the root parent is ``a``.
          """
          if not self.parent:
              return None
          return self.parents[-1]
  
      @property
      def qualified_name(self) -> str:
          """:class:`str`: Retrieves the fully qualified command name.
  
          This is the full parent name with the command name as well.
          For example, in ``?one two three`` the qualified name would be
          ``one two three``.
          """
  
          parent = self.full_parent_name
          if parent:
              return parent + " " + self.name
          else:
              return self.name
  
      def __str__(self) -> str:
          return self.qualified_name
  
      async def _parse_arguments(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
          ctx.args = [ctx] if self.cog is None else [self.cog, ctx]
          ctx.kwargs = {}
          args = ctx.args
          kwargs = ctx.kwargs
  
          view = ctx.view
          iterator = iter(self.params.items())
  
          if self.cog is not None:
              # we have 'self' as the first parameter so just advance
              # the iterator and resume parsing
              try:
                  next(iterator)
              except StopIteration:
                  raise discord.ClientException(f'Callback for {self.name} command is missing "self" parameter.')
  
          # next we have the 'ctx' as the next parameter
          try:
              next(iterator)
          except StopIteration:
              raise discord.ClientException(f'Callback for {self.name} command is missing "ctx" parameter.')
  
          for name, param in iterator:
              ctx.current_parameter = param
              if param.kind in (param.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD, param.POSITIONAL_ONLY):
                  transformed = await self.transform(ctx, param)
                  args.append(transformed)
              elif param.kind == param.KEYWORD_ONLY:
                  # kwarg only param denotes "consume rest" semantics
                  if self.rest_is_raw:
                      converter = get_converter(param)
                      argument = view.read_rest()
                      kwargs[name] = await run_converters(ctx, converter, argument, param)
                  else:
                      kwargs[name] = await self.transform(ctx, param)
                  break
              elif param.kind == param.VAR_POSITIONAL:
                  if view.eof and self.require_var_positional:
                      raise MissingRequiredArgument(param)
                  while not view.eof:
                      try:
                          transformed = await self.transform(ctx, param)
                          args.append(transformed)
                      except RuntimeError:
                          break
  
          if not self.ignore_extra and not view.eof:
              raise TooManyArguments("Too many arguments passed to " + self.qualified_name)
  
      async def call_before_hooks(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
          # now that we're done preparing we can call the pre-command hooks
          # first, call the command local hook:
          cog = self.cog
          if self._before_invoke is not None:
              # should be cog if @commands.before_invoke is used
              instance = getattr(self._before_invoke, "__self__", cog)
              # __self__ only exists for methods, not functions
              # however, if @command.before_invoke is used, it will be a function
              if instance:
                  await self._before_invoke(instance, ctx)  # type: ignore
              else:
                  await self._before_invoke(ctx)  # type: ignore
  
          # call the cog local hook if applicable:
          if cog is not None:
              hook = Cog._get_overridden_method(cog.cog_before_invoke)
              if hook is not None:
                  await hook(ctx)
  
          # call the bot global hook if necessary
          hook = ctx.bot._before_invoke
          if hook is not None:
              await hook(ctx)
  
      async def call_after_hooks(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
          cog = self.cog
          if self._after_invoke is not None:
              instance = getattr(self._after_invoke, "__self__", cog)
              if instance:
                  await self._after_invoke(instance, ctx)  # type: ignore
              else:
                  await self._after_invoke(ctx)  # type: ignore
  
          # call the cog local hook if applicable:
          if cog is not None:
              hook = Cog._get_overridden_method(cog.cog_after_invoke)
              if hook is not None:
                  await hook(ctx)
  
          hook = ctx.bot._after_invoke
          if hook is not None:
              await hook(ctx)
  
      def _prepare_cooldowns(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
          if self._buckets.valid:
              dt = ctx.message.edited_at or ctx.message.created_at
              current = dt.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc).timestamp()
              bucket = self._buckets.get_bucket(ctx.message, current)
              if bucket is not None:
                  retry_after = bucket.update_rate_limit(current)
                  if retry_after:
                      raise CommandOnCooldown(bucket, retry_after, self._buckets.type)  # type: ignore
  
      async def prepare(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
          ctx.command = self
  
          if not await self.can_run(ctx):
              raise CheckFailure(f"The check functions for command {self.qualified_name} failed.")
  
          if self._max_concurrency is not None:
              # For this application, context can be duck-typed as a Message
              await self._max_concurrency.acquire(ctx)  # type: ignore
  
          try:
              if self.cooldown_after_parsing:
                  await self._parse_arguments(ctx)
                  self._prepare_cooldowns(ctx)
              else:
                  self._prepare_cooldowns(ctx)
                  await self._parse_arguments(ctx)
  
              await self.call_before_hooks(ctx)
          except:  # noqa
              if self._max_concurrency is not None:
                  await self._max_concurrency.release(ctx)  # type: ignore
              raise
  
      def is_on_cooldown(self, ctx: Context) -> bool:
          """Checks whether the command is currently on cooldown.
  
          Parameters
          -----------
          ctx: :class:`.Context`
              The invocation context to use when checking the commands cooldown status.
  
          Returns
          --------
          :class:`bool`
              A boolean indicating if the command is on cooldown.
          """
          if not self._buckets.valid:
              return False
  
          bucket = self._buckets.get_bucket(ctx.message)
          dt = ctx.message.edited_at or ctx.message.created_at
          current = dt.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc).timestamp()
          return bucket.get_tokens(current) == 0
  
      def reset_cooldown(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
          """Resets the cooldown on this command.
  
          Parameters
          -----------
          ctx: :class:`.Context`
              The invocation context to reset the cooldown under.
          """
          if self._buckets.valid:
              bucket = self._buckets.get_bucket(ctx.message)
              bucket.reset()
  
      def get_cooldown_retry_after(self, ctx: Context) -> float:
          """Retrieves the amount of seconds before this command can be tried again.
  
          .. versionadded:: 1.4
  
          Parameters
          -----------
          ctx: :class:`.Context`
              The invocation context to retrieve the cooldown from.
  
          Returns
          --------
          :class:`float`
              The amount of time left on this command's cooldown in seconds.
              If this is ``0.0`` then the command isn't on cooldown.
          """
          if self._buckets.valid:
              bucket = self._buckets.get_bucket(ctx.message)
              dt = ctx.message.edited_at or ctx.message.created_at
              current = dt.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc).timestamp()
              return bucket.get_retry_after(current)
  
          return 0.0
  
      async def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
          await self.prepare(ctx)
  
          # terminate the invoked_subcommand chain.
          # since we're in a regular command (and not a group) then
          # the invoked subcommand is None.
          ctx.invoked_subcommand = None
          ctx.subcommand_passed = None
          injected = hooked_wrapped_callback(self, ctx, self.callback)
          await injected(*ctx.args, **ctx.kwargs)
  
      async def reinvoke(self, ctx: Context, *, call_hooks: bool = False) -> None:
          ctx.command = self
          await self._parse_arguments(ctx)
  
          if call_hooks:
              await self.call_before_hooks(ctx)
  
          ctx.invoked_subcommand = None
          try:
              await self.callback(*ctx.args, **ctx.kwargs)  # type: ignore
          except:  # noqa
              ctx.command_failed = True
              raise
          finally:
              if call_hooks:
                  await self.call_after_hooks(ctx)
  
      def error(self, coro: ErrorT) -> ErrorT:
          """A decorator that registers a coroutine as a local error handler.
  
          A local error handler is an :func:`.on_command_error` event limited to
          a single command. However, the :func:`.on_command_error` is still
          invoked afterwards as the catch-all.
  
          Parameters
          -----------
          coro: :ref:`coroutine <coroutine>`
              The coroutine to register as the local error handler.
  
          Raises
          -------
          TypeError
              The coroutine passed is not actually a coroutine.
          """
  
          if not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(coro):
              raise TypeError("The error handler must be a coroutine.")
  
          self.on_error: Error = coro
          return coro
  
      def has_error_handler(self) -> bool:
          """:class:`bool`: Checks whether the command has an error handler registered.
  
          .. versionadded:: 1.7
          """
          return hasattr(self, "on_error")
  
      def before_invoke(self, coro: HookT) -> HookT:
          """A decorator that registers a coroutine as a pre-invoke hook.
  
          A pre-invoke hook is called directly before the command is
          called. This makes it a useful function to set up database
          connections or any type of set up required.
  
          This pre-invoke hook takes a sole parameter, a :class:`.Context`.
  
          See :meth:`.Bot.before_invoke` for more info.
  
          Parameters
          -----------
          coro: :ref:`coroutine <coroutine>`
              The coroutine to register as the pre-invoke hook.
  
          Raises
          -------
          TypeError
              The coroutine passed is not actually a coroutine.
          """
          if not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(coro):
              raise TypeError("The pre-invoke hook must be a coroutine.")
  
          self._before_invoke = coro
          return coro
  
      def after_invoke(self, coro: HookT) -> HookT:
          """A decorator that registers a coroutine as a post-invoke hook.
  
          A post-invoke hook is called directly after the command is
          called. This makes it a useful function to clean-up database
          connections or any type of clean up required.
  
          This post-invoke hook takes a sole parameter, a :class:`.Context`.
  
          See :meth:`.Bot.after_invoke` for more info.
  
          Parameters
          -----------
          coro: :ref:`coroutine <coroutine>`
              The coroutine to register as the post-invoke hook.
  
          Raises
          -------
          TypeError
              The coroutine passed is not actually a coroutine.
          """
          if not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(coro):
              raise TypeError("The post-invoke hook must be a coroutine.")
  
          self._after_invoke = coro
          return coro
  
      @property
      def cog_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
          """Optional[:class:`str`]: The name of the cog this command belongs to, if any."""
          return type(self.cog).__cog_name__ if self.cog is not None else None
  
      @property
      def short_doc(self) -> str:
          """:class:`str`: Gets the "short" documentation of a command.
  
          By default, this is the :attr:`.brief` attribute.
          If that lookup leads to an empty string then the first line of the
          :attr:`.help` attribute is used instead.
          """
          if self.brief is not None:
              return self.brief
          if self.help is not None:
              return self.help.split("\n", 1)[0]
          return ""
  
      def _is_typing_optional(self, annotation: Union[T, Optional[T]]) -> TypeGuard[Optional[T]]:
          return getattr(annotation, "__origin__", None) is Union and type(None) in annotation.__args__  # type: ignore
  
      @property
      def signature(self) -> str:
          """:class:`str`: Returns a POSIX-like signature useful for help command output."""
          if self.usage is not None:
              return self.usage
  
          params = self.clean_params
          if not params:
              return ""
  
          result = []
          for name, param in params.items():
              greedy = isinstance(param.annotation, Greedy)
              optional = False  # postpone evaluation of if it's an optional argument
  
              # for typing.Literal[...], typing.Optional[typing.Literal[...]], and Greedy[typing.Literal[...]], the
              # parameter signature is a literal list of it's values
              annotation = param.annotation.converter if greedy else param.annotation
              origin = getattr(annotation, "__origin__", None)
              if not greedy and origin is Union:
                  none_cls = type(None)
                  union_args = annotation.__args__
                  optional = union_args[-1] is none_cls
                  if len(union_args) == 2 and optional:
                      annotation = union_args[0]
                      origin = getattr(annotation, "__origin__", None)
  
              if origin is Literal:
                  name = "|".join(f'"{v}"' if isinstance(v, str) else str(v) for v in annotation.__args__)
              if param.default is not param.empty:
                  # We don't want None or '' to trigger the [name=value] case and instead it should
                  # do [name] since [name=None] or [name=] are not exactly useful for the user.
                  should_print = param.default if isinstance(param.default, str) else param.default is not None
                  if should_print:
                      result.append(f"[{name}={param.default}]" if not greedy else f"[{name}={param.default}]...")
                      continue
                  else:
                      result.append(f"[{name}]")
  
              elif param.kind == param.VAR_POSITIONAL:
                  if self.require_var_positional:
                      result.append(f"<{name}...>")
                  else:
                      result.append(f"[{name}...]")
              elif greedy:
                  result.append(f"[{name}]...")
              elif optional:
                  result.append(f"[{name}]")
              else:
                  result.append(f"<{name}>")
  
          return " ".join(result)
  
      async def can_run(self, ctx: Context) -> bool:
          """|coro|
  
          Checks if the command can be executed by checking all the predicates
          inside the :attr:`~Command.checks` attribute. This also checks whether the
          command is disabled.
  
          .. versionchanged:: 1.3
              Checks whether the command is disabled or not
  
          Parameters
          -----------
          ctx: :class:`.Context`
              The ctx of the command currently being invoked.
  
          Raises
          -------
          :class:`CommandError`
              Any command error that was raised during a check call will be propagated
              by this function.
  
          Returns
          --------
          :class:`bool`
              A boolean indicating if the command can be invoked.
          """
  
          if not self.enabled:
              raise DisabledCommand(f"{self.name} command is disabled")
  
          original = ctx.command
          ctx.command = self
  
          try:
              if not await ctx.bot.can_run(ctx):
                  raise CheckFailure(f"The global check functions for command {self.qualified_name} failed.")
  
              cog = self.cog
              if cog is not None:
                  local_check = Cog._get_overridden_method(cog.cog_check)
                  if local_check is not None:
                      ret = await discord.utils.maybe_coroutine(local_check, ctx)
                      if not ret:
                          return False
  
              predicates = self.checks
              if not predicates:
                  # since we have no checks, then we just return True.
                  return True
  
              return await discord.utils.async_all(predicate(ctx) for predicate in predicates)  # type: ignore
          finally:
              ctx.command = original
  
  
  class GroupMixin(Generic[CogT]):
      """A mixin that implements common functionality for classes that behave
      similar to :class:`.Group` and are allowed to register commands.
  
      Attributes
      -----------
      all_commands: :class:`dict`
          A mapping of command name to :class:`.Command`
          objects.
      case_insensitive: :class:`bool`
          Whether the commands should be case insensitive. Defaults to ``False``.
      """
  
      @overload
      def __init__(
          self,
          *,
          case_insensitive: bool = False,
      ) -> None:
          ...
  
      def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
          case_insensitive = kwargs.get("case_insensitive", False)
          self.all_commands: Dict[str, Command[CogT, Any, Any]] = _CaseInsensitiveDict() if case_insensitive else {}
          self.case_insensitive: bool = case_insensitive
          super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  
      @property
      def commands(self) -> Set[Command[CogT, Any, Any]]:
          """Set[:class:`.Command`]: A unique set of commands without aliases that are registered."""
          return set(self.all_commands.values())
  
      def recursively_remove_all_commands(self) -> None:
          for command in self.all_commands.copy().values():
              if isinstance(command, GroupMixin):
                  command.recursively_remove_all_commands()
              self.remove_command(command.name)
  
      def add_command(self, command: Command[CogT, Any, Any]) -> None:
          """Adds a :class:`.Command` into the internal list of commands.
  
          This is usually not called, instead the :meth:`~.GroupMixin.command` or
          :meth:`~.GroupMixin.group` shortcut decorators are used instead.
  
          .. versionchanged:: 1.4
               Raise :exc:`.CommandRegistrationError` instead of generic :exc:`.ClientException`
  
          Parameters
          -----------
          command: :class:`Command`
              The command to add.
  
          Raises
          -------
          :exc:`.CommandRegistrationError`
              If the command or its alias is already registered by different command.
          TypeError
              If the command passed is not a subclass of :class:`.Command`.
          """
  
          if not isinstance(command, Command):
              raise TypeError("The command passed must be a subclass of Command")
  
          if isinstance(self, Command):
              command.parent = self
  
          if command.name in self.all_commands:
              raise CommandRegistrationError(command.name)
  
          self.all_commands[command.name] = command
          for alias in command.aliases:
              if alias in self.all_commands:
                  self.remove_command(command.name)
                  raise CommandRegistrationError(alias, alias_conflict=True)
              self.all_commands[alias] = command
  
      def remove_command(self, name: str) -> Optional[Command[CogT, Any, Any]]:
          """Remove a :class:`.Command` from the internal list
          of commands.
  
          This could also be used as a way to remove aliases.
  
          Parameters
          -----------
          name: :class:`str`
              The name of the command to remove.
  
          Returns
          --------
          Optional[:class:`.Command`]
              The command that was removed. If the name is not valid then
              ``None`` is returned instead.
          """
          command = self.all_commands.pop(name, None)
  
          # does not exist
          if command is None:
              return None
  
          if name in command.aliases:
              # we're removing an alias so we don't want to remove the rest
              return command
  
          # we're not removing the alias so let's delete the rest of them.
          for alias in command.aliases:
              cmd = self.all_commands.pop(alias, None)
              # in the case of a CommandRegistrationError, an alias might conflict
              # with an already existing command. If this is the case, we want to
              # make sure the pre-existing command is not removed.
              if cmd is not None and cmd != command:
                  self.all_commands[alias] = cmd
          return command
  
      def walk_commands(self) -> Generator[Command[CogT, Any, Any], None, None]:
          """An iterator that recursively walks through all commands and subcommands.
  
          .. versionchanged:: 1.4
              Duplicates due to aliases are no longer returned
  
          Yields
          ------
          Union[:class:`.Command`, :class:`.Group`]
              A command or group from the internal list of commands.
          """
          for command in self.commands:
              yield command
              if isinstance(command, GroupMixin):
                  yield from command.walk_commands()
  
      def get_command(self, name: str) -> Optional[Command[CogT, Any, Any]]:
          """Get a :class:`.Command` from the internal list
          of commands.
  
          This could also be used as a way to get aliases.
  
          The name could be fully qualified (e.g. ``'foo bar'``) will get
          the subcommand ``bar`` of the group command ``foo``. If a
          subcommand is not found then ``None`` is returned just as usual.
  
          Parameters
          -----------
          name: :class:`str`
              The name of the command to get.
  
          Returns
          --------
          Optional[:class:`Command`]
              The command that was requested. If not found, returns ``None``.
          """
  
          # fast path, no space in name.
          if " " not in name:
              return self.all_commands.get(name)
  
          names = name.split()
          if not names:
              return None
          obj = self.all_commands.get(names[0])
          if not isinstance(obj, GroupMixin):
              return obj
  
          for name in names[1:]:
              try:
                  obj = obj.all_commands[name]  # type: ignore
              except (AttributeError, KeyError):
                  return None
  
          return obj
  
      @overload
      def command(
          self,
          name: str = ...,
          cls: Type[Command[CogT, P, T]] = ...,
          *args: Any,
          **kwargs: Any,
      ) -> Callable[
          [
              Union[
                  Callable[Concatenate[CogT, ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
                  Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
              ]
          ],
          Command[CogT, P, T],
      ]:
          ...
  
      @overload
      def command(
          self,
          name: str = ...,
          cls: Type[CommandT] = ...,
          *args: Any,
          **kwargs: Any,
      ) -> Callable[[Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[Any]]], CommandT]:
          ...
  
      def command(
          self,
          name: str = MISSING,
          cls: Type[CommandT] = MISSING,
          *args: Any,
          **kwargs: Any,
      ) -> Callable[[Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[Any]]], CommandT]:
          """A shortcut decorator that invokes :func:`.command` and adds it to
          the internal command list via :meth:`~.GroupMixin.add_command`.
  
          Returns
          --------
          Callable[..., :class:`Command`]
              A decorator that converts the provided method into a Command, adds it to the bot, then returns it.
          """
  
          def decorator(func: Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[Any]]) -> CommandT:
              kwargs.setdefault("parent", self)
              result = command(name=name, cls=cls, *args, **kwargs)(func)
              self.add_command(result)
              return result
  
          return decorator
  
      @overload
      def group(
          self,
          name: str = ...,
          cls: Type[Group[CogT, P, T]] = ...,
          *args: Any,
          **kwargs: Any,
      ) -> Callable[
          [Union[Callable[Concatenate[CogT, ContextT, P], Coro[T]], Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[T]]]],
          Group[CogT, P, T],
      ]:
          ...
  
      @overload
      def group(
          self,
          name: str = ...,
          cls: Type[GroupT] = ...,
          *args: Any,
          **kwargs: Any,
      ) -> Callable[[Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[Any]]], GroupT]:
          ...
  
      def group(
          self,
          name: str = MISSING,
          cls: Type[GroupT] = MISSING,
          *args: Any,
          **kwargs: Any,
      ) -> Callable[[Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[Any]]], GroupT]:
          """A shortcut decorator that invokes :func:`.group` and adds it to
          the internal command list via :meth:`~.GroupMixin.add_command`.
  
          Returns
          --------
          Callable[..., :class:`Group`]
              A decorator that converts the provided method into a Group, adds it to the bot, then returns it.
          """
  
          def decorator(func: Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[Any]]) -> GroupT:
              kwargs.setdefault("parent", self)
              result = group(name=name, cls=cls, *args, **kwargs)(func)
              self.add_command(result)
              return result
  
          return decorator
  
  
  class Group(GroupMixin[CogT], Command[CogT, P, T]):
      """A class that implements a grouping protocol for commands to be
      executed as subcommands.
  
      This class is a subclass of :class:`.Command` and thus all options
      valid in :class:`.Command` are valid in here as well.
  
      Attributes
      -----------
      invoke_without_command: :class:`bool`
          Indicates if the group callback should begin parsing and
          invocation only if no subcommand was found. Useful for
          making it an error handling function to tell the user that
          no subcommand was found or to have different functionality
          in case no subcommand was found. If this is ``False``, then
          the group callback will always be invoked first. This means
          that the checks and the parsing dictated by its parameters
          will be executed. Defaults to ``False``.
      case_insensitive: :class:`bool`
          Indicates if the group's commands should be case insensitive.
          Defaults to ``False``.
      """
  
      @overload
      def __init__(
          self,
          func: Union[
              Callable[Concatenate[CogT, ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
              Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
          ],
          *,
          invoke_without_command: bool = False,
          case_insensitive: bool = False,
          name: Optional[str] = None,
          enabled: bool = True,
          help: Optional[str] = None,
          brief: Optional[str] = None,
          usage: Optional[str] = None,
          aliases: Union[List[str], Tuple[str]] = [],
          rest_is_raw: bool = False,
          description: Optional[str] = None,
          hidden: bool = False,
          checks: Optional[List[Check]] = None,
          cooldown: Optional[CooldownMapping] = ...,
          max_concurrency: Optional[MaxConcurrency] = ...,
          require_var_positional: bool = False,
          ignore_extra: bool = True,
          cooldown_after_parsing: bool = False,
          parent: Optional[GroupMixin] = None,
          extras: Dict[str, Any] = {},
      ) -> None:
          ...
  
      def __init__(self, *args: Any, **attrs: Any) -> None:
          self.invoke_without_command: bool = attrs.pop("invoke_without_command", False)
          super().__init__(*args, **attrs)
  
      def copy(self: GroupT) -> GroupT:
          """Creates a copy of this :class:`Group`.
  
          Returns
          --------
          :class:`Group`
              A new instance of this group.
          """
          ret = super().copy()
          for cmd in self.commands:
              ret.add_command(cmd.copy())
          return ret  # type: ignore
  
      async def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
          ctx.invoked_subcommand = None
          ctx.subcommand_passed = None
          early_invoke = not self.invoke_without_command
          if early_invoke:
              await self.prepare(ctx)
  
          view = ctx.view
          previous = view.index
          view.skip_ws()
          trigger = view.get_word()
  
          if trigger:
              ctx.subcommand_passed = trigger
              ctx.invoked_subcommand = self.all_commands.get(trigger, None)
  
          if early_invoke:
              injected = hooked_wrapped_callback(self, ctx, self.callback)
              await injected(*ctx.args, **ctx.kwargs)
  
          ctx.invoked_parents.append(ctx.invoked_with)  # type: ignore
  
          if trigger and ctx.invoked_subcommand:
              ctx.invoked_with = trigger
              await ctx.invoked_subcommand.invoke(ctx)
          elif not early_invoke:
              # undo the trigger parsing
              view.index = previous
              view.previous = previous
              await super().invoke(ctx)
  
      async def reinvoke(self, ctx: Context, *, call_hooks: bool = False) -> None:
          ctx.invoked_subcommand = None
          early_invoke = not self.invoke_without_command
          if early_invoke:
              ctx.command = self
              await self._parse_arguments(ctx)
  
              if call_hooks:
                  await self.call_before_hooks(ctx)
  
          view = ctx.view
          previous = view.index
          view.skip_ws()
          trigger = view.get_word()
  
          if trigger:
              ctx.subcommand_passed = trigger
              ctx.invoked_subcommand = self.all_commands.get(trigger, None)
  
          if early_invoke:
              try:
                  await self.callback(*ctx.args, **ctx.kwargs)  # type: ignore
              except:  # noqa
                  ctx.command_failed = True
                  raise
              finally:
                  if call_hooks:
                      await self.call_after_hooks(ctx)
  
          ctx.invoked_parents.append(ctx.invoked_with)  # type: ignore
  
          if trigger and ctx.invoked_subcommand:
              ctx.invoked_with = trigger
              await ctx.invoked_subcommand.reinvoke(ctx, call_hooks=call_hooks)
          elif not early_invoke:
              # undo the trigger parsing
              view.index = previous
              view.previous = previous
              await super().reinvoke(ctx, call_hooks=call_hooks)
  
  
  # Decorators
  
  
  @overload
  def command(
      name: str = ...,
      cls: Type[Command[CogT, P, T]] = ...,
      **attrs: Any,
  ) -> Callable[
      [
          Union[
              Callable[Concatenate[CogT, ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
              Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
          ]
      ],
      Command[CogT, P, T],
  ]:
      ...
  
  
  @overload
  def command(
      name: str = ...,
      cls: Type[CommandT] = ...,
      **attrs: Any,
  ) -> Callable[
      [
          Union[
              Callable[Concatenate[CogT, ContextT, P], Coro[Any]],
              Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[Any]],
          ]
      ],
      CommandT,
  ]:
      ...
  
  
  def command(
      name: str = MISSING, cls: Type[CommandT] = MISSING, **attrs: Any
  ) -> Callable[
      [
          Union[
              Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[Any]],
              Callable[Concatenate[CogT, ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
          ]
      ],
      Union[Command[CogT, P, T], CommandT],
  ]:
      """A decorator that transforms a function into a :class:`.Command`
      or if called with :func:`.group`, :class:`.Group`.
  
      By default the ``help`` attribute is received automatically from the
      docstring of the function and is cleaned up with the use of
      ``inspect.cleandoc``. If the docstring is ``bytes``, then it is decoded
      into :class:`str` using utf-8 encoding.
  
      All checks added using the :func:`.check` & co. decorators are added into
      the function. There is no way to supply your own checks through this
      decorator.
  
      Parameters
      -----------
      name: :class:`str`
          The name to create the command with. By default this uses the
          function name unchanged.
      cls
          The class to construct with. By default this is :class:`.Command`.
          You usually do not change this.
      attrs
          Keyword arguments to pass into the construction of the class denoted
          by ``cls``.
  
      Raises
      -------
      TypeError
          If the function is not a coroutine or is already a command.
      """
      if cls is MISSING:
          cls = Command  # type: ignore
  
      def decorator(
          func: Union[
              Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[Any]],
              Callable[Concatenate[CogT, ContextT, P], Coro[Any]],
          ]
      ) -> CommandT:
          if isinstance(func, Command):
              raise TypeError("Callback is already a command.")
          return cls(func, name=name, **attrs)
  
      return decorator
  
  
  @overload
  def group(
      name: str = ...,
      cls: Type[Group[CogT, P, T]] = ...,
      **attrs: Any,
  ) -> Callable[
      [
          Union[
              Callable[Concatenate[CogT, ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
              Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
          ]
      ],
      Group[CogT, P, T],
  ]:
      ...
  
  
  @overload
  def group(
      name: str = ...,
      cls: Type[GroupT] = ...,
      **attrs: Any,
  ) -> Callable[
      [
          Union[
              Callable[Concatenate[CogT, ContextT, P], Coro[Any]],
              Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[Any]],
          ]
      ],
      GroupT,
  ]:
      ...
  
  
  def group(
      name: str = MISSING,
      cls: Type[GroupT] = MISSING,
      **attrs: Any,
  ) -> Callable[
      [
          Union[
              Callable[Concatenate[ContextT, P], Coro[Any]],
              Callable[Concatenate[CogT, ContextT, P], Coro[T]],
          ]
      ],
      Union[Group[CogT, P, T], GroupT],
  ]:
      """A decorator that transforms a function into a :class:`.Group`.
  
      This is similar to the :func:`.command` decorator but the ``cls``
      parameter is set to :class:`Group` by default.
  
      .. versionchanged:: 1.1
          The ``cls`` parameter can now be passed.
      """
      if cls is MISSING:
          cls = Group  # type: ignore
      return command(name=name, cls=cls, **attrs)  # type: ignore
  
  
  def check(predicate: Check) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      r"""A decorator that adds a check to the :class:`.Command` or its
      subclasses. These checks could be accessed via :attr:`.Command.checks`.
  
      These checks should be predicates that take in a single parameter taking
      a :class:`.Context`. If the check returns a ``False``\-like value then
      during invocation a :exc:`.CheckFailure` exception is raised and sent to
      the :func:`.on_command_error` event.
  
      If an exception should be thrown in the predicate then it should be a
      subclass of :exc:`.CommandError`. Any exception not subclassed from it
      will be propagated while those subclassed will be sent to
      :func:`.on_command_error`.
  
      A special attribute named ``predicate`` is bound to the value
      returned by this decorator to retrieve the predicate passed to the
      decorator. This allows the following introspection and chaining to be done:
  
      .. code-block:: python3
  
          def owner_or_permissions(**perms):
              original = commands.has_permissions(**perms).predicate
              async def extended_check(ctx):
                  if ctx.guild is None:
                      return False
                  return ctx.guild.owner_id == ctx.author.id or await original(ctx)
              return commands.check(extended_check)
  
      .. note::
  
          The function returned by ``predicate`` is **always** a coroutine,
          even if the original function was not a coroutine.
  
      .. versionchanged:: 1.3
          The ``predicate`` attribute was added.
  
      Examples
      ---------
  
      Creating a basic check to see if the command invoker is you.
  
      .. code-block:: python3
  
          def check_if_it_is_me(ctx):
              return ctx.message.author.id == 85309593344815104
  
          @bot.command()
          @commands.check(check_if_it_is_me)
          async def only_for_me(ctx):
              await ctx.send('I know you!')
  
      Transforming common checks into its own decorator:
  
      .. code-block:: python3
  
          def is_me():
              def predicate(ctx):
                  return ctx.message.author.id == 85309593344815104
              return commands.check(predicate)
  
          @bot.command()
          @is_me()
          async def only_me(ctx):
              await ctx.send('Only you!')
  
      Parameters
      -----------
      predicate: Callable[[:class:`Context`], :class:`bool`]
          The predicate to check if the command should be invoked.
      """
  
      def decorator(func: Union[Command, CoroFunc]) -> Union[Command, CoroFunc]:
          if isinstance(func, Command):
              func.checks.append(predicate)
          else:
              if not hasattr(func, "__commands_checks__"):
                  func.__commands_checks__ = []
  
              func.__commands_checks__.append(predicate)
  
          return func
  
      if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(predicate):
          decorator.predicate = predicate
      else:
  
          @functools.wraps(predicate)
          async def wrapper(ctx):
              return predicate(ctx)  # type: ignore
  
          decorator.predicate = wrapper
  
      return decorator  # type: ignore
  
  
  def check_any(*checks: Check) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      r"""A :func:`check` that is added that checks if any of the checks passed
      will pass, i.e. using logical OR.
  
      If all checks fail then :exc:`.CheckAnyFailure` is raised to signal the failure.
      It inherits from :exc:`.CheckFailure`.
  
      .. note::
  
          The ``predicate`` attribute for this function **is** a coroutine.
  
      .. versionadded:: 1.3
  
      Parameters
      ------------
      \*checks: Callable[[:class:`Context`], :class:`bool`]
          An argument list of checks that have been decorated with
          the :func:`check` decorator.
  
      Raises
      -------
      TypeError
          A check passed has not been decorated with the :func:`check`
          decorator.
  
      Examples
      ---------
  
      Creating a basic check to see if it's the bot owner or
      the server owner:
  
      .. code-block:: python3
  
          def is_guild_owner():
              def predicate(ctx):
                  return ctx.guild is not None and ctx.guild.owner_id == ctx.author.id
              return commands.check(predicate)
  
          @bot.command()
          @commands.check_any(commands.is_owner(), is_guild_owner())
          async def only_for_owners(ctx):
              await ctx.send('Hello mister owner!')
      """
  
      unwrapped = []
      for wrapped in checks:
          try:
              pred = wrapped.predicate
          except AttributeError:
              raise TypeError(f"{wrapped!r} must be wrapped by commands.check decorator") from None
          else:
              unwrapped.append(pred)
  
      async def predicate(ctx: Context) -> bool:
          errors = []
          for func in unwrapped:
              try:
                  value = await func(ctx)
              except CheckFailure as e:
                  errors.append(e)
              else:
                  if value:
                      return True
          # if we're here, all checks failed
          raise CheckAnyFailure(unwrapped, errors)
  
      return check(predicate)
  
  
  def has_role(item: Union[int, str]) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """A :func:`.check` that is added that checks if the member invoking the
      command has the role specified via the name or ID specified.
  
      If a string is specified, you must give the exact name of the role, including
      caps and spelling.
  
      If an integer is specified, you must give the exact snowflake ID of the role.
  
      If the message is invoked in a private message context then the check will
      return ``False``.
  
      This check raises one of two special exceptions, :exc:`.MissingRole` if the user
      is missing a role, or :exc:`.NoPrivateMessage` if it is used in a private message.
      Both inherit from :exc:`.CheckFailure`.
  
      .. versionchanged:: 1.1
  
          Raise :exc:`.MissingRole` or :exc:`.NoPrivateMessage`
          instead of generic :exc:`.CheckFailure`
  
      Parameters
      -----------
      item: Union[:class:`int`, :class:`str`]
          The name or ID of the role to check.
      """
  
      def predicate(ctx: Context) -> bool:
          if ctx.guild is None:
              raise NoPrivateMessage()
  
          # ctx.guild is None doesn't narrow ctx.author to Member
          if isinstance(item, int):
              role = discord.utils.get(ctx.author.roles, id=item)  # type: ignore
          else:
              role = discord.utils.get(ctx.author.roles, name=item)  # type: ignore
          if role is None:
              raise MissingRole(item)
          return True
  
      return check(predicate)
  
  
  def has_any_role(*items: Union[int, str]) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      r"""A :func:`.check` that is added that checks if the member invoking the
      command has **any** of the roles specified. This means that if they have
      one out of the three roles specified, then this check will return `True`.
  
      Similar to :func:`.has_role`\, the names or IDs passed in must be exact.
  
      This check raises one of two special exceptions, :exc:`.MissingAnyRole` if the user
      is missing all roles, or :exc:`.NoPrivateMessage` if it is used in a private message.
      Both inherit from :exc:`.CheckFailure`.
  
      .. versionchanged:: 1.1
  
          Raise :exc:`.MissingAnyRole` or :exc:`.NoPrivateMessage`
          instead of generic :exc:`.CheckFailure`
  
      Parameters
      -----------
      items: List[Union[:class:`str`, :class:`int`]]
          An argument list of names or IDs to check that the member has roles wise.
  
      Example
      --------
  
      .. code-block:: python3
  
          @bot.command()
          @commands.has_any_role('Library Devs', 'Moderators', 492212595072434186)
          async def cool(ctx):
              await ctx.send('You are cool indeed')
      """
  
      def predicate(ctx):
          if ctx.guild is None:
              raise NoPrivateMessage()
  
          # ctx.guild is None doesn't narrow ctx.author to Member
          getter = functools.partial(discord.utils.get, ctx.author.roles)  # type: ignore
          if any(
              getter(id=item) is not None if isinstance(item, int) else getter(name=item) is not None for item in items
          ):
              return True
          raise MissingAnyRole(list(items))
  
      return check(predicate)
  
  
  def bot_has_role(item: int) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """Similar to :func:`.has_role` except checks if the bot itself has the
      role.
  
      This check raises one of two special exceptions, :exc:`.BotMissingRole` if the bot
      is missing the role, or :exc:`.NoPrivateMessage` if it is used in a private message.
      Both inherit from :exc:`.CheckFailure`.
  
      .. versionchanged:: 1.1
  
          Raise :exc:`.BotMissingRole` or :exc:`.NoPrivateMessage`
          instead of generic :exc:`.CheckFailure`
      """
  
      def predicate(ctx):
          if ctx.guild is None:
              raise NoPrivateMessage()
  
          me = ctx.me
          if isinstance(item, int):
              role = discord.utils.get(me.roles, id=item)
          else:
              role = discord.utils.get(me.roles, name=item)
          if role is None:
              raise BotMissingRole(item)
          return True
  
      return check(predicate)
  
  
  def bot_has_any_role(*items: int) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """Similar to :func:`.has_any_role` except checks if the bot itself has
      any of the roles listed.
  
      This check raises one of two special exceptions, :exc:`.BotMissingAnyRole` if the bot
      is missing all roles, or :exc:`.NoPrivateMessage` if it is used in a private message.
      Both inherit from :exc:`.CheckFailure`.
  
      .. versionchanged:: 1.1
  
          Raise :exc:`.BotMissingAnyRole` or :exc:`.NoPrivateMessage`
          instead of generic checkfailure
      """
  
      def predicate(ctx):
          if ctx.guild is None:
              raise NoPrivateMessage()
  
          me = ctx.me
          getter = functools.partial(discord.utils.get, me.roles)
          if any(
              getter(id=item) is not None if isinstance(item, int) else getter(name=item) is not None for item in items
          ):
              return True
          raise BotMissingAnyRole(list(items))
  
      return check(predicate)
  
  
  def has_permissions(**perms: bool) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """A :func:`.check` that is added that checks if the member has all of
      the permissions necessary.
  
      Note that this check operates on the current channel permissions, not the
      guild wide permissions.
  
      The permissions passed in must be exactly like the properties shown under
      :class:`.discord.Permissions`.
  
      This check raises a special exception, :exc:`.MissingPermissions`
      that is inherited from :exc:`.CheckFailure`.
  
      Parameters
      ------------
      perms
          An argument list of permissions to check for.
  
      Example
      ---------
  
      .. code-block:: python3
  
          @bot.command()
          @commands.has_permissions(manage_messages=True)
          async def test(ctx):
              await ctx.send('You can manage messages.')
  
      """
  
      invalid = set(perms) - set(discord.Permissions.VALID_FLAGS)
      if invalid:
          raise TypeError(f"Invalid permission(s): {', '.join(invalid)}")
  
      def predicate(ctx: Context) -> bool:
          ch = ctx.channel
          permissions = ch.permissions_for(ctx.author)  # type: ignore
  
          missing = [perm for perm, value in perms.items() if getattr(permissions, perm) != value]
  
          if not missing:
              return True
  
          raise MissingPermissions(missing)
  
      return check(predicate)
  
  
  def bot_has_permissions(**perms: bool) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """Similar to :func:`.has_permissions` except checks if the bot itself has
      the permissions listed.
  
      This check raises a special exception, :exc:`.BotMissingPermissions`
      that is inherited from :exc:`.CheckFailure`.
      """
  
      invalid = set(perms) - set(discord.Permissions.VALID_FLAGS)
      if invalid:
          raise TypeError(f"Invalid permission(s): {', '.join(invalid)}")
  
      def predicate(ctx: Context) -> bool:
          guild = ctx.guild
          me = guild.me if guild is not None else ctx.bot.user
          permissions = ctx.channel.permissions_for(me)  # type: ignore
  
          missing = [perm for perm, value in perms.items() if getattr(permissions, perm) != value]
  
          if not missing:
              return True
  
          raise BotMissingPermissions(missing)
  
      return check(predicate)
  
  
  def has_guild_permissions(**perms: bool) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """Similar to :func:`.has_permissions`, but operates on guild wide
      permissions instead of the current channel permissions.
  
      If this check is called in a DM context, it will raise an
      exception, :exc:`.NoPrivateMessage`.
  
      .. versionadded:: 1.3
      """
  
      invalid = set(perms) - set(discord.Permissions.VALID_FLAGS)
      if invalid:
          raise TypeError(f"Invalid permission(s): {', '.join(invalid)}")
  
      def predicate(ctx: Context) -> bool:
          if not ctx.guild:
              raise NoPrivateMessage
  
          permissions = ctx.author.guild_permissions  # type: ignore
          missing = [perm for perm, value in perms.items() if getattr(permissions, perm) != value]
  
          if not missing:
              return True
  
          raise MissingPermissions(missing)
  
      return check(predicate)
  
  
  def bot_has_guild_permissions(**perms: bool) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """Similar to :func:`.has_guild_permissions`, but checks the bot
      members guild permissions.
  
      .. versionadded:: 1.3
      """
  
      invalid = set(perms) - set(discord.Permissions.VALID_FLAGS)
      if invalid:
          raise TypeError(f"Invalid permission(s): {', '.join(invalid)}")
  
      def predicate(ctx: Context) -> bool:
          if not ctx.guild:
              raise NoPrivateMessage
  
          permissions = ctx.me.guild_permissions  # type: ignore
          missing = [perm for perm, value in perms.items() if getattr(permissions, perm) != value]
  
          if not missing:
              return True
  
          raise BotMissingPermissions(missing)
  
      return check(predicate)
  
  
  def dm_only() -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """A :func:`.check` that indicates this command must only be used in a
      DM context. Only private messages are allowed when
      using the command.
  
      This check raises a special exception, :exc:`.PrivateMessageOnly`
      that is inherited from :exc:`.CheckFailure`.
  
      .. versionadded:: 1.1
      """
  
      def predicate(ctx: Context) -> bool:
          if ctx.guild is not None:
              raise PrivateMessageOnly()
          return True
  
      return check(predicate)
  
  
  def guild_only() -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """A :func:`.check` that indicates this command must only be used in a
      guild context only. Basically, no private messages are allowed when
      using the command.
  
      This check raises a special exception, :exc:`.NoPrivateMessage`
      that is inherited from :exc:`.CheckFailure`.
      """
  
      def predicate(ctx: Context) -> bool:
          if ctx.guild is None:
              raise NoPrivateMessage()
          return True
  
      return check(predicate)
  
  
  def is_owner() -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """A :func:`.check` that checks if the person invoking this command is the
      owner of the bot.
  
      This is powered by :meth:`.Bot.is_owner`.
  
      This check raises a special exception, :exc:`.NotOwner` that is derived
      from :exc:`.CheckFailure`.
      """
  
      async def predicate(ctx: Context) -> bool:
          if not await ctx.bot.is_owner(ctx.author):
              raise NotOwner("You do not own this bot.")
          return True
  
      return check(predicate)
  
  
  def is_nsfw() -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """A :func:`.check` that checks if the channel is a NSFW channel.
  
      This check raises a special exception, :exc:`.NSFWChannelRequired`
      that is derived from :exc:`.CheckFailure`.
  
      .. versionchanged:: 1.1
  
          Raise :exc:`.NSFWChannelRequired` instead of generic :exc:`.CheckFailure`.
          DM channels will also now pass this check.
      """
  
      def pred(ctx: Context) -> bool:
          ch = ctx.channel
          if ctx.guild is None or (isinstance(ch, (discord.TextChannel, discord.Thread)) and ch.is_nsfw()):
              return True
          raise NSFWChannelRequired(ch)  # type: ignore
  
      return check(pred)
  
  
  def cooldown(
      rate: int, per: float, type: Union[BucketType, Callable[[Message], Any]] = BucketType.default
  ) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """A decorator that adds a cooldown to a :class:`.Command`
  
      A cooldown allows a command to only be used a specific amount
      of times in a specific time frame. These cooldowns can be based
      either on a per-guild, per-channel, per-user, per-role or global basis.
      Denoted by the third argument of ``type`` which must be of enum
      type :class:`.BucketType`.
  
      If a cooldown is triggered, then :exc:`.CommandOnCooldown` is triggered in
      :func:`.on_command_error` and the local error handler.
  
      A command can only have a single cooldown.
  
      Parameters
      ------------
      rate: :class:`int`
          The number of times a command can be used before triggering a cooldown.
      per: :class:`float`
          The amount of seconds to wait for a cooldown when it's been triggered.
      type: Union[:class:`.BucketType`, Callable[[:class:`.Message`], Any]]
          The type of cooldown to have. If callable, should return a key for the mapping.
  
          .. versionchanged:: 1.7
              Callables are now supported for custom bucket types.
      """
  
      def decorator(func: Union[Command, CoroFunc]) -> Union[Command, CoroFunc]:
          if isinstance(func, Command):
              func._buckets = CooldownMapping(Cooldown(rate, per), type)
          else:
              func.__commands_cooldown__ = CooldownMapping(Cooldown(rate, per), type)
          return func
  
      return decorator  # type: ignore
  
  
  def dynamic_cooldown(
      cooldown: Union[BucketType, Callable[[Message], Any]], type: BucketType = BucketType.default
  ) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """A decorator that adds a dynamic cooldown to a :class:`.Command`
  
      This differs from :func:`.cooldown` in that it takes a function that
      accepts a single parameter of type :class:`.discord.Message` and must
      return a :class:`.Cooldown` or ``None``. If ``None`` is returned then
      that cooldown is effectively bypassed.
  
      A cooldown allows a command to only be used a specific amount
      of times in a specific time frame. These cooldowns can be based
      either on a per-guild, per-channel, per-user, per-role or global basis.
      Denoted by the third argument of ``type`` which must be of enum
      type :class:`.BucketType`.
  
      If a cooldown is triggered, then :exc:`.CommandOnCooldown` is triggered in
      :func:`.on_command_error` and the local error handler.
  
      A command can only have a single cooldown.
  
      .. versionadded:: 2.0
  
      Parameters
      ------------
      cooldown: Callable[[:class:`.discord.Message`], Optional[:class:`.Cooldown`]]
          A function that takes a message and returns a cooldown that will
          apply to this invocation or ``None`` if the cooldown should be bypassed.
      type: :class:`.BucketType`
          The type of cooldown to have.
      """
      if not callable(cooldown):
          raise TypeError("A callable must be provided")
  
      def decorator(func: Union[Command, CoroFunc]) -> Union[Command, CoroFunc]:
          if isinstance(func, Command):
              func._buckets = DynamicCooldownMapping(cooldown, type)
          else:
              func.__commands_cooldown__ = DynamicCooldownMapping(cooldown, type)
          return func
  
      return decorator  # type: ignore
  
  
  def max_concurrency(number: int, per: BucketType = BucketType.default, *, wait: bool = False) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """A decorator that adds a maximum concurrency to a :class:`.Command` or its subclasses.
  
      This enables you to only allow a certain number of command invocations at the same time,
      for example if a command takes too long or if only one user can use it at a time. This
      differs from a cooldown in that there is no set waiting period or token bucket -- only
      a set number of people can run the command.
  
      .. versionadded:: 1.3
  
      Parameters
      -------------
      number: :class:`int`
          The maximum number of invocations of this command that can be running at the same time.
      per: :class:`.BucketType`
          The bucket that this concurrency is based on, e.g. ``BucketType.guild`` would allow
          it to be used up to ``number`` times per guild.
      wait: :class:`bool`
          Whether the command should wait for the queue to be over. If this is set to ``False``
          then instead of waiting until the command can run again, the command raises
          :exc:`.MaxConcurrencyReached` to its error handler. If this is set to ``True``
          then the command waits until it can be executed.
      """
  
      def decorator(func: Union[Command, CoroFunc]) -> Union[Command, CoroFunc]:
          value = MaxConcurrency(number, per=per, wait=wait)
          if isinstance(func, Command):
              func._max_concurrency = value
          else:
              func.__commands_max_concurrency__ = value
          return func
  
      return decorator  # type: ignore
  
  
  def before_invoke(coro) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """A decorator that registers a coroutine as a pre-invoke hook.
  
      This allows you to refer to one before invoke hook for several commands that
      do not have to be within the same cog.
  
      .. versionadded:: 1.4
  
      Example
      ---------
  
      .. code-block:: python3
  
          async def record_usage(ctx):
              print(ctx.author, 'used', ctx.command, 'at', ctx.message.created_at)
  
          @bot.command()
          @commands.before_invoke(record_usage)
          async def who(ctx): # Output: <User> used who at <Time>
              await ctx.send('i am a bot')
  
          class What(commands.Cog):
  
              @commands.before_invoke(record_usage)
              @commands.command()
              async def when(self, ctx): # Output: <User> used when at <Time>
                  await ctx.send(f'and i have existed since {ctx.bot.user.created_at}')
  
              @commands.command()
              async def where(self, ctx): # Output: <Nothing>
                  await ctx.send('on Discord')
  
              @commands.command()
              async def why(self, ctx): # Output: <Nothing>
                  await ctx.send('because someone made me')
  
          bot.add_cog(What())
      """
  
      def decorator(func: Union[Command, CoroFunc]) -> Union[Command, CoroFunc]:
          if isinstance(func, Command):
              func.before_invoke(coro)
          else:
              func.__before_invoke__ = coro
          return func
  
      return decorator  # type: ignore
  
  
  def after_invoke(coro) -> Callable[[T], T]:
      """A decorator that registers a coroutine as a post-invoke hook.
  
      This allows you to refer to one after invoke hook for several commands that
      do not have to be within the same cog.
  
      .. versionadded:: 1.4
      """
  
      def decorator(func: Union[Command, CoroFunc]) -> Union[Command, CoroFunc]:
          if isinstance(func, Command):
              func.after_invoke(coro)
          else:
              func.__after_invoke__ = coro
          return func
  
      return decorator  # type: ignore
  