text: /*
   * GStreamer
   * Copyright (C) 2016 Matthew Waters <matthew@centricular.com>
   *
   * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
   * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   *
   * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   * Library General Public License for more details.
   *
   * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
   * License along with this library; if not, write to the
   * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
   * Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
   */
  
  /**
   * SECTION:element-vulkanupload
   * @title: vulkanupload
   *
   * vulkanupload uploads data into Vulkan memory objects.
   */
  
  #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
  #include "config.h"
  #endif
  
  #include <string.h>
  
  #include "vkupload.h"
  
  GST_DEBUG_CATEGORY (gst_debug_vulkan_upload);
  #define GST_CAT_DEFAULT gst_debug_vulkan_upload
  
  static GstCaps *
  _set_caps_features_with_passthrough (const GstCaps * caps,
      const gchar * feature_name, GstCapsFeatures * passthrough)
  {
    guint i, j, m, n;
    GstCaps *tmp;
  
    tmp = gst_caps_copy (caps);
  
    n = gst_caps_get_size (caps);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      GstCapsFeatures *features, *orig_features;
  
      orig_features = gst_caps_get_features (caps, i);
      features = gst_caps_features_new (feature_name, NULL);
  
      m = gst_caps_features_get_size (orig_features);
      for (j = 0; j < m; j++) {
        const gchar *feature = gst_caps_features_get_nth (orig_features, j);
  
        /* if we already have the features */
        if (gst_caps_features_contains (features, feature))
          continue;
  
        if (g_strcmp0 (feature, GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_SYSTEM_MEMORY) == 0)
          continue;
  
        if (passthrough && gst_caps_features_contains (passthrough, feature)) {
          gst_caps_features_add (features, feature);
        }
      }
  
      gst_caps_set_features (tmp, i, features);
    }
  
    return tmp;
  }
  
  struct BufferUpload
  {
    GstVulkanUpload *upload;
  };
  
  static gpointer
  _buffer_new_impl (GstVulkanUpload * upload)
  {
    struct BufferUpload *raw = g_new0 (struct BufferUpload, 1);
  
    raw->upload = upload;
  
    return raw;
  }
  
  static GstCaps *
  _buffer_transform_caps (gpointer impl, GstPadDirection direction,
      GstCaps * caps)
  {
    return gst_caps_ref (caps);
  }
  
  static gboolean
  _buffer_set_caps (gpointer impl, GstCaps * in_caps, GstCaps * out_caps)
  {
    return TRUE;
  }
  
  static void
  _buffer_propose_allocation (gpointer impl, GstQuery * decide_query,
      GstQuery * query)
  {
    struct BufferUpload *raw = impl;
    gboolean need_pool;
    GstCaps *caps;
    GstVideoInfo info;
    guint size;
    GstBufferPool *pool = NULL;
  
    gst_query_parse_allocation (query, &caps, &need_pool);
  
    if (caps == NULL)
      return;
  
    if (!gst_video_info_from_caps (&info, caps))
      return;
  
    /* the normal size of a frame */
    size = info.size;
  
    if (need_pool) {
      GstStructure *config;
  
      pool = gst_vulkan_buffer_pool_new (raw->upload->device);
  
      config = gst_buffer_pool_get_config (pool);
      gst_buffer_pool_config_set_params (config, caps, size, 0, 0);
  
      if (!gst_buffer_pool_set_config (pool, config)) {
        g_object_unref (pool);
        return;
      }
    }
  
    gst_query_add_allocation_pool (query, pool, size, 1, 0);
    if (pool)
      g_object_unref (pool);
  
    return;
  }
  
  static GstFlowReturn
  _buffer_perform (gpointer impl, GstBuffer * inbuf, GstBuffer ** outbuf)
  {
    if (!gst_is_vulkan_buffer_memory (gst_buffer_peek_memory (inbuf, 0)))
      return GST_FLOW_ERROR;
  
    *outbuf = inbuf;
  
    return GST_FLOW_OK;
  }
  
  static void
  _buffer_free (gpointer impl)
  {
    g_free (impl);
  }
  
  static GstStaticCaps _buffer_in_templ =
      GST_STATIC_CAPS ("video/x-raw(" GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_VULKAN_BUFFER ") ;"
      "video/x-raw");
  static GstStaticCaps _buffer_out_templ =
  GST_STATIC_CAPS ("video/x-raw(" GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_VULKAN_BUFFER ")");
  
  static const struct UploadMethod buffer_upload = {
    "VulkanBuffer",
    &_buffer_in_templ,
    &_buffer_out_templ,
    _buffer_new_impl,
    _buffer_transform_caps,
    _buffer_set_caps,
    _buffer_propose_allocation,
    _buffer_perform,
    _buffer_free,
  };
  
  struct RawToBufferUpload
  {
    GstVulkanUpload *upload;
  
    GstVideoInfo in_info;
    GstVideoInfo out_info;
  
    GstBufferPool *pool;
    gboolean pool_active;
  
    gsize alloc_sizes[GST_VIDEO_MAX_PLANES];
  };
  
  static gpointer
  _raw_to_buffer_new_impl (GstVulkanUpload * upload)
  {
    struct RawToBufferUpload *raw = g_new0 (struct RawToBufferUpload, 1);
  
    raw->upload = upload;
  
    return raw;
  }
  
  static GstCaps *
  _raw_to_buffer_transform_caps (gpointer impl, GstPadDirection direction,
      GstCaps * caps)
  {
    GstCaps *ret;
  
    if (direction == GST_PAD_SINK) {
      ret =
          _set_caps_features_with_passthrough (caps,
          GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_VULKAN_BUFFER, NULL);
    } else {
      ret =
          _set_caps_features_with_passthrough (caps,
          GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_SYSTEM_MEMORY, NULL);
    }
  
    return ret;
  }
  
  static gboolean
  _raw_to_buffer_set_caps (gpointer impl, GstCaps * in_caps, GstCaps * out_caps)
  {
    struct RawToBufferUpload *raw = impl;
    guint out_width, out_height;
    guint i;
  
    if (!gst_video_info_from_caps (&raw->in_info, in_caps))
      return FALSE;
  
    if (!gst_video_info_from_caps (&raw->out_info, out_caps))
      return FALSE;
  
    out_width = GST_VIDEO_INFO_WIDTH (&raw->out_info);
    out_height = GST_VIDEO_INFO_HEIGHT (&raw->out_info);
  
    for (i = 0; i < GST_VIDEO_INFO_N_PLANES (&raw->out_info); i++) {
      GstVulkanImageMemory *img_mem;
      VkFormat vk_format;
  
      vk_format = gst_vulkan_format_from_video_info (&raw->out_info, i);
  
      img_mem = (GstVulkanImageMemory *)
          gst_vulkan_image_memory_alloc (raw->upload->device, vk_format,
          out_width, out_height, VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
          VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
          VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
  
      raw->alloc_sizes[i] = img_mem->requirements.size;
  
      gst_memory_unref (GST_MEMORY_CAST (img_mem));
    }
  
    return TRUE;
  }
  
  static void
  _raw_to_buffer_propose_allocation (gpointer impl, GstQuery * decide_query,
      GstQuery * query)
  {
    /* a little trickery with the impl pointer */
    _buffer_propose_allocation (impl, decide_query, query);
  }
  
  static GstFlowReturn
  _raw_to_buffer_perform (gpointer impl, GstBuffer * inbuf, GstBuffer ** outbuf)
  {
    struct RawToBufferUpload *raw = impl;
    GstVideoFrame v_frame;
    GstFlowReturn ret;
    guint i;
  
    if (!raw->pool) {
      GstStructure *config;
      guint min = 0, max = 0;
      gsize size = 1;
  
      raw->pool = gst_vulkan_buffer_pool_new (raw->upload->device);
      config = gst_buffer_pool_get_config (raw->pool);
      gst_buffer_pool_config_set_params (config, raw->upload->out_caps, size, min,
          max);
      gst_buffer_pool_set_config (raw->pool, config);
    }
    if (!raw->pool_active) {
      gst_buffer_pool_set_active (raw->pool, TRUE);
      raw->pool_active = TRUE;
    }
  
    if ((ret =
            gst_buffer_pool_acquire_buffer (raw->pool, outbuf,
                NULL)) != GST_FLOW_OK)
      goto out;
  
    if (!gst_video_frame_map (&v_frame, &raw->in_info, inbuf, GST_MAP_READ)) {
      GST_ELEMENT_ERROR (raw->upload, RESOURCE, NOT_FOUND,
          ("%s", "Failed to map input buffer"), NULL);
      return GST_FLOW_ERROR;
    }
  
    for (i = 0; i < GST_VIDEO_INFO_N_PLANES (&raw->out_info); i++) {
      GstMapInfo map_info;
      gsize plane_size;
      GstMemory *mem;
  
      mem = gst_buffer_peek_memory (*outbuf, i);
      if (!gst_memory_map (GST_MEMORY_CAST (mem), &map_info, GST_MAP_WRITE)) {
        GST_ELEMENT_ERROR (raw->upload, RESOURCE, NOT_FOUND,
            ("%s", "Failed to map output memory"), NULL);
        gst_buffer_unref (*outbuf);
        *outbuf = NULL;
        ret = GST_FLOW_ERROR;
        goto out;
      }
  
      plane_size =
          GST_VIDEO_INFO_PLANE_STRIDE (&raw->out_info,
          i) * GST_VIDEO_INFO_COMP_HEIGHT (&raw->out_info, i);
      g_assert (plane_size < map_info.size);
      memcpy (map_info.data, v_frame.data[i], plane_size);
  
      gst_memory_unmap (GST_MEMORY_CAST (mem), &map_info);
    }
  
    gst_video_frame_unmap (&v_frame);
  
    ret = GST_FLOW_OK;
  
  out:
    return ret;
  }
  
  static void
  _raw_to_buffer_free (gpointer impl)
  {
    struct RawToBufferUpload *raw = impl;
  
    if (raw->pool) {
      if (raw->pool_active) {
        gst_buffer_pool_set_active (raw->pool, FALSE);
      }
      raw->pool_active = FALSE;
      gst_object_unref (raw->pool);
      raw->pool = NULL;
    }
  
    g_free (impl);
  }
  
  static GstStaticCaps _raw_to_buffer_in_templ = GST_STATIC_CAPS ("video/x-raw");
  static GstStaticCaps _raw_to_buffer_out_templ =
  GST_STATIC_CAPS ("video/x-raw(" GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_VULKAN_BUFFER ")");
  
  static const struct UploadMethod raw_to_buffer_upload = {
    "RawToVulkanBuffer",
    &_raw_to_buffer_in_templ,
    &_raw_to_buffer_out_templ,
    _raw_to_buffer_new_impl,
    _raw_to_buffer_transform_caps,
    _raw_to_buffer_set_caps,
    _raw_to_buffer_propose_allocation,
    _raw_to_buffer_perform,
    _raw_to_buffer_free,
  };
  
  struct BufferToImageUpload
  {
    GstVulkanUpload *upload;
  
    GstVideoInfo in_info;
    GstVideoInfo out_info;
  
    GstBufferPool *pool;
    gboolean pool_active;
  
    GstVulkanCommandPool *cmd_pool;
    GstVulkanTrashList *trash_list;
  };
  
  static gpointer
  _buffer_to_image_new_impl (GstVulkanUpload * upload)
  {
    struct BufferToImageUpload *raw = g_new0 (struct BufferToImageUpload, 1);
  
    raw->upload = upload;
    raw->trash_list = gst_vulkan_trash_fence_list_new ();
  
    return raw;
  }
  
  static GstCaps *
  _buffer_to_image_transform_caps (gpointer impl, GstPadDirection direction,
      GstCaps * caps)
  {
    GstCaps *ret;
  
    if (direction == GST_PAD_SINK) {
      ret =
          _set_caps_features_with_passthrough (caps,
          GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_VULKAN_IMAGE, NULL);
    } else {
      ret =
          _set_caps_features_with_passthrough (caps,
          GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_VULKAN_BUFFER, NULL);
    }
  
    return ret;
  }
  
  static gboolean
  _buffer_to_image_set_caps (gpointer impl, GstCaps * in_caps, GstCaps * out_caps)
  {
    struct BufferToImageUpload *raw = impl;
  
    if (!gst_video_info_from_caps (&raw->in_info, in_caps))
      return FALSE;
  
    if (!gst_video_info_from_caps (&raw->out_info, out_caps))
      return FALSE;
  
    return TRUE;
  }
  
  static void
  _buffer_to_image_propose_allocation (gpointer impl, GstQuery * decide_query,
      GstQuery * query)
  {
    /* a little trickery with the impl pointer */
    _buffer_propose_allocation (impl, decide_query, query);
  }
  
  static GstFlowReturn
  _buffer_to_image_perform (gpointer impl, GstBuffer * inbuf, GstBuffer ** outbuf)
  {
    struct BufferToImageUpload *raw = impl;
    GstFlowReturn ret;
    GError *error = NULL;
    VkResult err;
    GstVulkanCommandBuffer *cmd_buf;
    guint i;
  
    if (!raw->cmd_pool) {
      if (!(raw->cmd_pool =
              gst_vulkan_queue_create_command_pool (raw->upload->queue,
                  &error))) {
        goto error;
      }
    }
  
    if (!(cmd_buf = gst_vulkan_command_pool_create (raw->cmd_pool, &error)))
      goto error;
  
    if (!raw->pool) {
      GstStructure *config;
      guint min = 0, max = 0;
      gsize size = 1;
  
      raw->pool = gst_vulkan_image_buffer_pool_new (raw->upload->device);
      config = gst_buffer_pool_get_config (raw->pool);
      gst_buffer_pool_config_set_params (config, raw->upload->out_caps, size, min,
          max);
      gst_buffer_pool_set_config (raw->pool, config);
    }
    if (!raw->pool_active) {
      gst_buffer_pool_set_active (raw->pool, TRUE);
      raw->pool_active = TRUE;
    }
  
    if ((ret =
            gst_buffer_pool_acquire_buffer (raw->pool, outbuf,
                NULL)) != GST_FLOW_OK)
      goto out;
  
    {
      /* *INDENT-OFF* */
      VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmd_buf_info = {
          .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
          .pNext = NULL,
          .flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT,
          .pInheritanceInfo = NULL
      };
      /* *INDENT-ON* */
  
      gst_vulkan_command_buffer_lock (cmd_buf);
      err = vkBeginCommandBuffer (cmd_buf->cmd, &cmd_buf_info);
      if (gst_vulkan_error_to_g_error (err, &error, "vkBeginCommandBuffer") < 0)
        goto unlock_error;
    }
  
    for (i = 0; i < GST_VIDEO_INFO_N_PLANES (&raw->out_info); i++) {
      VkBufferImageCopy region;
      GstMemory *in_mem, *out_mem;
      GstVulkanBufferMemory *buf_mem;
      GstVulkanImageMemory *img_mem;
      VkImageMemoryBarrier image_memory_barrier;
      VkBufferMemoryBarrier buffer_memory_barrier;
  
      in_mem = gst_buffer_peek_memory (inbuf, i);
      if (!gst_is_vulkan_buffer_memory (in_mem)) {
        GST_WARNING_OBJECT (raw->upload, "Input is not a GstVulkanBufferMemory");
        goto unlock_error;
      }
      buf_mem = (GstVulkanBufferMemory *) in_mem;
  
      out_mem = gst_buffer_peek_memory (*outbuf, i);
      if (!gst_is_vulkan_image_memory (out_mem)) {
        GST_WARNING_OBJECT (raw->upload, "Output is not a GstVulkanImageMemory");
        goto unlock_error;
      }
      img_mem = (GstVulkanImageMemory *) out_mem;
  
      /* *INDENT-OFF* */
      region = (VkBufferImageCopy) {
          .bufferOffset = 0,
          .bufferRowLength = GST_VIDEO_INFO_COMP_WIDTH (&raw->in_info, i),
          .bufferImageHeight = GST_VIDEO_INFO_COMP_HEIGHT (&raw->in_info, i),
          .imageSubresource = {
              .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
              .mipLevel = 0,
              .baseArrayLayer = 0,
              .layerCount = 1,
          },
          .imageOffset = { .x = 0, .y = 0, .z = 0, },
          .imageExtent = {
              .width = GST_VIDEO_INFO_COMP_WIDTH (&raw->out_info, i),
              .height = GST_VIDEO_INFO_COMP_HEIGHT (&raw->out_info, i),
              .depth = 1,
          }
      };
  
      image_memory_barrier = (VkImageMemoryBarrier) {
          .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
          .pNext = NULL,
          .srcAccessMask = img_mem->barrier.parent.access_flags,
          .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
          .oldLayout = img_mem->barrier.image_layout,
          .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
          /* FIXME: implement exclusive transfers */
          .srcQueueFamilyIndex = 0,
          .dstQueueFamilyIndex = 0,
          .image = img_mem->image,
          .subresourceRange = img_mem->barrier.subresource_range
      };
  
      buffer_memory_barrier = (VkBufferMemoryBarrier) {
          .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER,
          .pNext = NULL,
          .srcAccessMask = buf_mem->barrier.parent.access_flags,
          .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
          /* FIXME: implement exclusive transfers */
          .srcQueueFamilyIndex = 0,
          .dstQueueFamilyIndex = 0,
          .buffer = buf_mem->buffer,
          .offset = region.bufferOffset,
          .size = region.bufferRowLength * region.bufferImageHeight
      };
      /* *INDENT-ON* */
  
      vkCmdPipelineBarrier (cmd_buf->cmd,
          buf_mem->barrier.parent.pipeline_stages | img_mem->barrier.
          parent.pipeline_stages, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, 0, 0, NULL, 1,
          &buffer_memory_barrier, 1, &image_memory_barrier);
  
      buf_mem->barrier.parent.pipeline_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
      buf_mem->barrier.parent.access_flags = buffer_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask;
  
      img_mem->barrier.parent.pipeline_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
      img_mem->barrier.parent.access_flags = image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask;
      img_mem->barrier.image_layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
  
      vkCmdCopyBufferToImage (cmd_buf->cmd, buf_mem->buffer, img_mem->image,
          img_mem->barrier.image_layout, 1, &region);
    }
  
    err = vkEndCommandBuffer (cmd_buf->cmd);
    gst_vulkan_command_buffer_unlock (cmd_buf);
    if (gst_vulkan_error_to_g_error (err, &error, "vkEndCommandBuffer") < 0)
      goto error;
  
    {
      VkSubmitInfo submit_info = { 0, };
      VkPipelineStageFlags stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT;
      GstVulkanFence *fence;
  
      /* *INDENT-OFF* */
      submit_info = (VkSubmitInfo) {
          .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
          .pNext = NULL,
          .waitSemaphoreCount = 0,
          .pWaitSemaphores = NULL,
          .pWaitDstStageMask = &stages,
          .commandBufferCount = 1,
          .pCommandBuffers = &cmd_buf->cmd,
          .signalSemaphoreCount = 0,
          .pSignalSemaphores = NULL
      };
      /* *INDENT-ON* */
  
      fence = gst_vulkan_device_create_fence (raw->upload->device, &error);
      if (!fence)
        goto error;
  
      err =
          vkQueueSubmit (raw->upload->queue->queue, 1, &submit_info,
          GST_VULKAN_FENCE_FENCE (fence));
      if (gst_vulkan_error_to_g_error (err, &error, "vkQueueSubmit") < 0)
        goto error;
  
      gst_vulkan_trash_list_add (raw->trash_list,
          gst_vulkan_trash_list_acquire (raw->trash_list, fence,
              gst_vulkan_trash_mini_object_unref,
              GST_MINI_OBJECT_CAST (cmd_buf)));
      gst_vulkan_fence_unref (fence);
    }
  
    gst_vulkan_trash_list_gc (raw->trash_list);
  
    ret = GST_FLOW_OK;
  
  out:
    return ret;
  
  unlock_error:
    if (cmd_buf) {
      gst_vulkan_command_buffer_unlock (cmd_buf);
      gst_vulkan_command_buffer_unref (cmd_buf);
    }
  error:
    if (error) {
      GST_WARNING_OBJECT (raw->upload, "Error: %s", error->message);
      g_clear_error (&error);
    }
    gst_clear_buffer (outbuf);
    ret = GST_FLOW_ERROR;
    goto out;
  }
  
  static void
  _buffer_to_image_free (gpointer impl)
  {
    struct BufferToImageUpload *raw = impl;
  
    if (raw->pool) {
      if (raw->pool_active) {
        gst_buffer_pool_set_active (raw->pool, FALSE);
      }
      raw->pool_active = FALSE;
      gst_object_unref (raw->pool);
      raw->pool = NULL;
    }
  
    if (raw->cmd_pool)
      gst_object_unref (raw->cmd_pool);
    raw->cmd_pool = NULL;
  
    if (!gst_vulkan_trash_list_wait (raw->trash_list, -1))
      GST_WARNING_OBJECT (raw->upload,
          "Failed to wait for all fences to complete " "before shutting down");
    gst_object_unref (raw->trash_list);
    raw->trash_list = NULL;
  
    g_free (impl);
  }
  
  static GstStaticCaps _buffer_to_image_in_templ =
  GST_STATIC_CAPS ("video/x-raw(" GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_VULKAN_BUFFER ")");
  static GstStaticCaps _buffer_to_image_out_templ =
  GST_STATIC_CAPS ("video/x-raw(" GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_VULKAN_IMAGE ")");
  
  static const struct UploadMethod buffer_to_image_upload = {
    "BufferToVulkanImage",
    &_buffer_to_image_in_templ,
    &_buffer_to_image_out_templ,
    _buffer_to_image_new_impl,
    _buffer_to_image_transform_caps,
    _buffer_to_image_set_caps,
    _buffer_to_image_propose_allocation,
    _buffer_to_image_perform,
    _buffer_to_image_free,
  };
  
  struct RawToImageUpload
  {
    GstVulkanUpload *upload;
  
    GstVideoInfo in_info;
    GstVideoInfo out_info;
  
    GstBufferPool *pool;
    gboolean pool_active;
  
    GstBufferPool *in_pool;
    gboolean in_pool_active;
  
    GstVulkanCommandPool *cmd_pool;
    GstVulkanTrashList *trash_list;
  };
  
  static gpointer
  _raw_to_image_new_impl (GstVulkanUpload * upload)
  {
    struct RawToImageUpload *raw = g_new0 (struct RawToImageUpload, 1);
  
    raw->upload = upload;
    raw->trash_list = gst_vulkan_trash_fence_list_new ();
  
    return raw;
  }
  
  static GstCaps *
  _raw_to_image_transform_caps (gpointer impl, GstPadDirection direction,
      GstCaps * caps)
  {
    GstCaps *ret;
  
    if (direction == GST_PAD_SINK) {
      ret =
          _set_caps_features_with_passthrough (caps,
          GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_VULKAN_IMAGE, NULL);
    } else {
      ret =
          _set_caps_features_with_passthrough (caps,
          GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_SYSTEM_MEMORY, NULL);
    }
  
    return ret;
  }
  
  static gboolean
  _raw_to_image_set_caps (gpointer impl, GstCaps * in_caps, GstCaps * out_caps)
  {
    struct RawToImageUpload *raw = impl;
  
    if (!gst_video_info_from_caps (&raw->in_info, in_caps))
      return FALSE;
  
    if (!gst_video_info_from_caps (&raw->out_info, out_caps))
      return FALSE;
  
    if (raw->in_pool) {
      if (raw->in_pool_active) {
        gst_buffer_pool_set_active (raw->in_pool, FALSE);
      }
      raw->in_pool_active = FALSE;
      gst_object_unref (raw->in_pool);
      raw->in_pool = NULL;
    }
  
    return TRUE;
  }
  
  static void
  _raw_to_image_propose_allocation (gpointer impl, GstQuery * decide_query,
      GstQuery * query)
  {
    /* a little trickery with the impl pointer */
    _buffer_propose_allocation (impl, decide_query, query);
  }
  
  static GstFlowReturn
  _raw_to_image_perform (gpointer impl, GstBuffer * inbuf, GstBuffer ** outbuf)
  {
    struct RawToImageUpload *raw = impl;
    GstFlowReturn ret;
    GstBuffer *in_vk_copy = NULL;
    GstVulkanCommandBuffer *cmd_buf;
    GError *error = NULL;
    VkResult err;
    guint i;
  
    if (!raw->cmd_pool) {
      if (!(raw->cmd_pool =
              gst_vulkan_queue_create_command_pool (raw->upload->queue,
                  &error))) {
        goto error;
      }
    }
  
    if (!(cmd_buf = gst_vulkan_command_pool_create (raw->cmd_pool, &error)))
      goto error;
  
    if (!raw->pool) {
      GstStructure *config;
      guint min = 0, max = 0;
      gsize size = 1;
  
      raw->pool = gst_vulkan_image_buffer_pool_new (raw->upload->device);
      config = gst_buffer_pool_get_config (raw->pool);
      gst_buffer_pool_config_set_params (config, raw->upload->out_caps, size, min,
          max);
      gst_buffer_pool_set_config (raw->pool, config);
    }
    if (!raw->pool_active) {
      gst_buffer_pool_set_active (raw->pool, TRUE);
      raw->pool_active = TRUE;
    }
  
    if ((ret =
            gst_buffer_pool_acquire_buffer (raw->pool, outbuf,
                NULL)) != GST_FLOW_OK)
      goto out;
  
    {
      /* *INDENT-OFF* */
      VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmd_buf_info = {
          .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
          .pNext = NULL,
          .flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT,
          .pInheritanceInfo = NULL
      };
      /* *INDENT-ON* */
  
      gst_vulkan_command_buffer_lock (cmd_buf);
      err = vkBeginCommandBuffer (cmd_buf->cmd, &cmd_buf_info);
      if (gst_vulkan_error_to_g_error (err, &error, "vkBeginCommandBuffer") < 0)
        return FALSE;
    }
  
    for (i = 0; i < GST_VIDEO_INFO_N_PLANES (&raw->out_info); i++) {
      VkBufferImageCopy region;
      GstMemory *in_mem, *out_mem;
      GstVulkanBufferMemory *buf_mem;
      GstVulkanImageMemory *img_mem;
      VkImageMemoryBarrier image_memory_barrier;
      VkBufferMemoryBarrier buffer_memory_barrier;
  
      in_mem = gst_buffer_peek_memory (inbuf, i);
      if (gst_is_vulkan_buffer_memory (in_mem)) {
        GST_TRACE_OBJECT (raw->upload, "Input is a GstVulkanBufferMemory");
        buf_mem = (GstVulkanBufferMemory *) in_mem;
      } else if (in_vk_copy) {
        GST_TRACE_OBJECT (raw->upload,
            "Have buffer copy of GstVulkanBufferMemory");
        in_mem = gst_buffer_peek_memory (in_vk_copy, i);
        g_assert (gst_is_vulkan_buffer_memory (in_mem));
        buf_mem = (GstVulkanBufferMemory *) in_mem;
      } else {
        GstVideoFrame in_frame, out_frame;
  
        GST_TRACE_OBJECT (raw->upload,
            "Copying input to a new GstVulkanBufferMemory");
        if (!raw->in_pool) {
          GstStructure *config;
          guint min = 0, max = 0;
          gsize size = 1;
  
          raw->in_pool = gst_vulkan_buffer_pool_new (raw->upload->device);
          config = gst_buffer_pool_get_config (raw->in_pool);
          gst_buffer_pool_config_set_params (config, raw->upload->in_caps, size,
              min, max);
          gst_buffer_pool_set_config (raw->in_pool, config);
        }
        if (!raw->in_pool_active) {
          gst_buffer_pool_set_active (raw->in_pool, TRUE);
          raw->in_pool_active = TRUE;
        }
  
        if ((ret =
                gst_buffer_pool_acquire_buffer (raw->in_pool, &in_vk_copy,
                    NULL)) != GST_FLOW_OK) {
          goto unlock_error;
        }
  
        if (!gst_video_frame_map (&in_frame, &raw->in_info, inbuf, GST_MAP_READ)) {
          GST_WARNING_OBJECT (raw->upload, "Failed to map input buffer");
          goto unlock_error;
        }
  
        if (!gst_video_frame_map (&out_frame, &raw->in_info, in_vk_copy,
                GST_MAP_WRITE)) {
          gst_video_frame_unmap (&in_frame);
          GST_WARNING_OBJECT (raw->upload, "Failed to map input buffer");
          goto unlock_error;
        }
  
        if (!gst_video_frame_copy (&out_frame, &in_frame)) {
          gst_video_frame_unmap (&in_frame);
          gst_video_frame_unmap (&out_frame);
          GST_WARNING_OBJECT (raw->upload, "Failed to copy input buffer");
          goto unlock_error;
        }
  
        gst_video_frame_unmap (&in_frame);
        gst_video_frame_unmap (&out_frame);
  
        in_mem = gst_buffer_peek_memory (in_vk_copy, i);
        buf_mem = (GstVulkanBufferMemory *) in_mem;
      }
  
      out_mem = gst_buffer_peek_memory (*outbuf, i);
      if (!gst_is_vulkan_image_memory (out_mem)) {
        GST_WARNING_OBJECT (raw->upload, "Output is not a GstVulkanImageMemory");
        goto unlock_error;
      }
      img_mem = (GstVulkanImageMemory *) out_mem;
  
      /* *INDENT-OFF* */
      region = (VkBufferImageCopy) {
          .bufferOffset = 0,
          .bufferRowLength = GST_VIDEO_INFO_COMP_WIDTH (&raw->in_info, i),
          .bufferImageHeight = GST_VIDEO_INFO_COMP_HEIGHT (&raw->in_info, i),
          .imageSubresource = {
              .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
              .mipLevel = 0,
              .baseArrayLayer = 0,
              .layerCount = 1,
          },
          .imageOffset = { .x = 0, .y = 0, .z = 0, },
          .imageExtent = {
              .width = GST_VIDEO_INFO_COMP_WIDTH (&raw->out_info, i),
              .height = GST_VIDEO_INFO_COMP_HEIGHT (&raw->out_info, i),
              .depth = 1,
          }
      };
  
      buffer_memory_barrier = (VkBufferMemoryBarrier) {
          .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER,
          .pNext = NULL,
          .srcAccessMask = buf_mem->barrier.parent.access_flags,
          .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
          /* FIXME: implement exclusive transfers */
          .srcQueueFamilyIndex = 0,
          .dstQueueFamilyIndex = 0,
          .buffer = buf_mem->buffer,
          .offset = region.bufferOffset,
          .size = region.bufferRowLength * region.bufferImageHeight,
      };
  
      image_memory_barrier = (VkImageMemoryBarrier) {
          .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
          .pNext = NULL,
          .srcAccessMask = img_mem->barrier.parent.access_flags,
          .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
          .oldLayout = img_mem->barrier.image_layout,
          .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
          /* FIXME: implement exclusive transfers */
          .srcQueueFamilyIndex = 0,
          .dstQueueFamilyIndex = 0,
          .image = img_mem->image,
          .subresourceRange = img_mem->barrier.subresource_range,
      };
      /* *INDENT-ON* */
  
      vkCmdPipelineBarrier (cmd_buf->cmd,
          buf_mem->barrier.parent.pipeline_stages | img_mem->barrier.
          parent.pipeline_stages, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, 0, 0, NULL, 1,
          &buffer_memory_barrier, 1, &image_memory_barrier);
  
      buf_mem->barrier.parent.pipeline_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
      buf_mem->barrier.parent.access_flags = buffer_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask;
  
      img_mem->barrier.parent.pipeline_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
      img_mem->barrier.parent.access_flags = image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask;
      img_mem->barrier.image_layout = image_memory_barrier.newLayout;
  
      vkCmdCopyBufferToImage (cmd_buf->cmd, buf_mem->buffer, img_mem->image,
          img_mem->barrier.image_layout, 1, &region);
    }
  
    err = vkEndCommandBuffer (cmd_buf->cmd);
    gst_vulkan_command_buffer_unlock (cmd_buf);
    if (gst_vulkan_error_to_g_error (err, &error, "vkEndCommandBuffer") < 0) {
      goto error;
    }
  
    {
      VkSubmitInfo submit_info = { 0, };
      GstVulkanFence *fence;
  
      /* *INDENT-OFF* */
      submit_info = (VkSubmitInfo) {
          .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
          .pNext = NULL,
          .waitSemaphoreCount = 0,
          .pWaitSemaphores = NULL,
          .pWaitDstStageMask = NULL,
          .commandBufferCount = 1,
          .pCommandBuffers = &cmd_buf->cmd,
          .signalSemaphoreCount = 0,
          .pSignalSemaphores = NULL,
      };
      /* *INDENT-ON* */
  
      fence = gst_vulkan_device_create_fence (raw->upload->device, &error);
      if (!fence)
        goto error;
  
      gst_vulkan_queue_submit_lock (raw->upload->queue);
      err =
          vkQueueSubmit (raw->upload->queue->queue, 1, &submit_info,
          GST_VULKAN_FENCE_FENCE (fence));
      gst_vulkan_queue_submit_unlock (raw->upload->queue);
      if (gst_vulkan_error_to_g_error (err, &error, "vkQueueSubmit") < 0)
        goto error;
  
      gst_vulkan_trash_list_add (raw->trash_list,
          gst_vulkan_trash_list_acquire (raw->trash_list, fence,
              gst_vulkan_trash_mini_object_unref,
              GST_MINI_OBJECT_CAST (cmd_buf)));
      gst_vulkan_fence_unref (fence);
    }
  
    gst_vulkan_trash_list_gc (raw->trash_list);
  
    ret = GST_FLOW_OK;
  
  out:
    if (in_vk_copy)
      gst_buffer_unref (in_vk_copy);
  
    return ret;
  
  unlock_error:
    if (cmd_buf) {
      gst_vulkan_command_buffer_lock (cmd_buf);
      gst_vulkan_command_buffer_unref (cmd_buf);
    }
  error:
    if (error) {
      GST_WARNING_OBJECT (raw->upload, "Error: %s", error->message);
      g_clear_error (&error);
    }
    gst_clear_buffer (outbuf);
    ret = GST_FLOW_ERROR;
    goto out;
  }
  
  static void
  _raw_to_image_free (gpointer impl)
  {
    struct RawToImageUpload *raw = impl;
  
    if (raw->pool) {
      if (raw->pool_active) {
        gst_buffer_pool_set_active (raw->pool, FALSE);
      }
      raw->pool_active = FALSE;
      gst_object_unref (raw->pool);
      raw->pool = NULL;
    }
  
    if (raw->in_pool) {
      if (raw->in_pool_active) {
        gst_buffer_pool_set_active (raw->in_pool, FALSE);
      }
      raw->in_pool_active = FALSE;
      gst_object_unref (raw->in_pool);
      raw->in_pool = NULL;
    }
  
    if (raw->cmd_pool)
      gst_object_unref (raw->cmd_pool);
    raw->cmd_pool = NULL;
  
    if (!gst_vulkan_trash_list_wait (raw->trash_list, -1))
      GST_WARNING_OBJECT (raw->upload,
          "Failed to wait for all fences to complete " "before shutting down");
    gst_object_unref (raw->trash_list);
    raw->trash_list = NULL;
  
    g_free (impl);
  }
  
  static GstStaticCaps _raw_to_image_in_templ = GST_STATIC_CAPS ("video/x-raw");
  static GstStaticCaps _raw_to_image_out_templ =
  GST_STATIC_CAPS ("video/x-raw(" GST_CAPS_FEATURE_MEMORY_VULKAN_IMAGE ")");
  
  static const struct UploadMethod raw_to_image_upload = {
    "RawToVulkanImage",
    &_raw_to_image_in_templ,
    &_raw_to_image_out_templ,
    _raw_to_image_new_impl,
    _raw_to_image_transform_caps,
    _raw_to_image_set_caps,
    _raw_to_image_propose_allocation,
    _raw_to_image_perform,
    _raw_to_image_free,
  };
  
  static const struct UploadMethod *upload_methods[] = {
    &buffer_upload,
    &raw_to_buffer_upload,
    &raw_to_image_upload,
    &buffer_to_image_upload,
  };
  
  static GstCaps *
  _get_input_template_caps (void)
  {
    GstCaps *ret = NULL;
    gint i;
  
    /* FIXME: cache this and invalidate on changes to upload_methods */
    for (i = 0; i < G_N_ELEMENTS (upload_methods); i++) {
      GstCaps *template = gst_static_caps_get (upload_methods[i]->in_template);
      ret = ret == NULL ? template : gst_caps_merge (ret, template);
    }
  
    ret = gst_caps_simplify (ret);
  
    return ret;
  }
  
  static GstCaps *
  _get_output_template_caps (void)
  {
    GstCaps *ret = NULL;
    gint i;
  
    /* FIXME: cache this and invalidate on changes to upload_methods */
    for (i = 0; i < G_N_ELEMENTS (upload_methods); i++) {
      GstCaps *template = gst_static_caps_get (upload_methods[i]->out_template);
      ret = ret == NULL ? template : gst_caps_merge (ret, template);
    }
  
    ret = gst_caps_simplify (ret);
  
    return ret;
  }
  
  static void gst_vulkan_upload_finalize (GObject * object);
  static void gst_vulkan_upload_set_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
      const GValue * value, GParamSpec * param_spec);
  static void gst_vulkan_upload_get_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
      GValue * value, GParamSpec * param_spec);
  
  static gboolean gst_vulkan_upload_query (GstBaseTransform * bt,
      GstPadDirection direction, GstQuery * query);
  static void gst_vulkan_upload_set_context (GstElement * element,
      GstContext * context);
  static GstStateChangeReturn gst_vulkan_upload_change_state (GstElement *
      element, GstStateChange transition);
  
  static gboolean gst_vulkan_upload_set_caps (GstBaseTransform * bt,
      GstCaps * in_caps, GstCaps * out_caps);
  static GstCaps *gst_vulkan_upload_transform_caps (GstBaseTransform * bt,
      GstPadDirection direction, GstCaps * caps, GstCaps * filter);
  static gboolean gst_vulkan_upload_propose_allocation (GstBaseTransform * bt,
      GstQuery * decide_query, GstQuery * query);
  static gboolean gst_vulkan_upload_decide_allocation (GstBaseTransform * bt,
      GstQuery * query);
  static GstFlowReturn gst_vulkan_upload_transform (GstBaseTransform * bt,
      GstBuffer * inbuf, GstBuffer * outbuf);
  static GstFlowReturn gst_vulkan_upload_prepare_output_buffer (GstBaseTransform *
      bt, GstBuffer * inbuf, GstBuffer ** outbuf);
  
  enum
  {
    PROP_0,
  };
  
  enum
  {
    SIGNAL_0,
    LAST_SIGNAL
  };
  
  /* static guint gst_vulkan_upload_signals[LAST_SIGNAL] = { 0 }; */
  
  #define gst_vulkan_upload_parent_class parent_class
  G_DEFINE_TYPE_WITH_CODE (GstVulkanUpload, gst_vulkan_upload,
      GST_TYPE_BASE_TRANSFORM, GST_DEBUG_CATEGORY_INIT (gst_debug_vulkan_upload,
          "vulkanupload", 0, "Vulkan Uploader"));
  
  static void
  gst_vulkan_upload_class_init (GstVulkanUploadClass * klass)
  {
    GObjectClass *gobject_class;
    GstElementClass *gstelement_class;
    GstBaseTransformClass *gstbasetransform_class;
  
    gobject_class = (GObjectClass *) klass;
    gstelement_class = (GstElementClass *) klass;
    gstbasetransform_class = (GstBaseTransformClass *) klass;
  
    gobject_class->set_property = gst_vulkan_upload_set_property;
    gobject_class->get_property = gst_vulkan_upload_get_property;
  
    gst_element_class_set_metadata (gstelement_class, "Vulkan Uploader",
        "Filter/Video", "A Vulkan data uploader",
        "Matthew Waters <matthew@centricular.com>");
  
    {
      GstCaps *caps;
  
      caps = _get_input_template_caps ();
      gst_element_class_add_pad_template (gstelement_class,
          gst_pad_template_new ("sink", GST_PAD_SINK, GST_PAD_ALWAYS, caps));
      gst_caps_unref (caps);
  
      caps = _get_output_template_caps ();
      gst_element_class_add_pad_template (gstelement_class,
          gst_pad_template_new ("src", GST_PAD_SRC, GST_PAD_ALWAYS, caps));
      gst_caps_unref (caps);
    }
  
    gobject_class->finalize = gst_vulkan_upload_finalize;
  
    gstelement_class->change_state = gst_vulkan_upload_change_state;
    gstelement_class->set_context = gst_vulkan_upload_set_context;
    gstbasetransform_class->query = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_vulkan_upload_query);
    gstbasetransform_class->set_caps = gst_vulkan_upload_set_caps;
    gstbasetransform_class->transform_caps = gst_vulkan_upload_transform_caps;
    gstbasetransform_class->propose_allocation =
        gst_vulkan_upload_propose_allocation;
    gstbasetransform_class->decide_allocation =
        gst_vulkan_upload_decide_allocation;
    gstbasetransform_class->transform = gst_vulkan_upload_transform;
    gstbasetransform_class->prepare_output_buffer =
        gst_vulkan_upload_prepare_output_buffer;
  }
  
  static void
  gst_vulkan_upload_init (GstVulkanUpload * vk_upload)
  {
    guint i, n;
  
    n = G_N_ELEMENTS (upload_methods);
    vk_upload->upload_impls = g_malloc (sizeof (gpointer) * n);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      vk_upload->upload_impls[i] = upload_methods[i]->new_impl (vk_upload);
    }
  }
  
  static void
  gst_vulkan_upload_finalize (GObject * object)
  {
    GstVulkanUpload *vk_upload = GST_VULKAN_UPLOAD (object);
    guint i;
  
    gst_caps_replace (&vk_upload->in_caps, NULL);
    gst_caps_replace (&vk_upload->out_caps, NULL);
  
    for (i = 0; i < G_N_ELEMENTS (upload_methods); i++) {
      upload_methods[i]->free (vk_upload->upload_impls[i]);
    }
    g_free (vk_upload->upload_impls);
    vk_upload->upload_impls = NULL;
  
    G_OBJECT_CLASS (parent_class)->finalize (object);
  }
  
  static void
  gst_vulkan_upload_set_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
      const GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec)
  {
  //  GstVulkanUpload *vk_upload = GST_VULKAN_UPLOAD (object);
  
    switch (prop_id) {
      default:
        G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object, prop_id, pspec);
        break;
    }
  }
  
  static void
  gst_vulkan_upload_get_property (GObject * object, guint prop_id,
      GValue * value, GParamSpec * pspec)
  {
  //  GstVulkanUpload *vk_upload = GST_VULKAN_UPLOAD (object);
  
    switch (prop_id) {
      default:
        G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object, prop_id, pspec);
        break;
    }
  }
  
  static gboolean
  gst_vulkan_upload_query (GstBaseTransform * bt, GstPadDirection direction,
      GstQuery * query)
  {
    GstVulkanUpload *vk_upload = GST_VULKAN_UPLOAD (bt);
  
    switch (GST_QUERY_TYPE (query)) {
      case GST_QUERY_CONTEXT:{
        if (gst_vulkan_handle_context_query (GST_ELEMENT (vk_upload), query,
                NULL, vk_upload->instance, vk_upload->device))
          return TRUE;
  
        if (gst_vulkan_queue_handle_context_query (GST_ELEMENT (vk_upload), query,
                vk_upload->queue))
          return TRUE;
  
        break;
      }
      default:
        break;
    }
  
    return GST_BASE_TRANSFORM_CLASS (parent_class)->query (bt, direction, query);
  }
  
  static void
  gst_vulkan_upload_set_context (GstElement * element, GstContext * context)
  {
    GstVulkanUpload *vk_upload = GST_VULKAN_UPLOAD (element);
  
    gst_vulkan_handle_set_context (element, context, NULL, &vk_upload->instance);
  
    GST_ELEMENT_CLASS (parent_class)->set_context (element, context);
  }
  
  struct choose_data
  {
    GstVulkanUpload *upload;
    GstVulkanQueue *queue;
  };
  
  static gboolean
  _choose_queue (GstVulkanDevice * device, GstVulkanQueue * queue,
      struct choose_data *data)
  {
    guint flags =
        device->physical_device->queue_family_props[queue->family].queueFlags;
  
    if ((flags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) != 0) {
      if (data->queue)
        gst_object_unref (data->queue);
      data->queue = gst_object_ref (queue);
      return FALSE;
    }
  
    return TRUE;
  }
  
  static GstVulkanQueue *
  _find_graphics_queue (GstVulkanUpload * upload)
  {
    struct choose_data data;
  
    data.upload = upload;
    data.queue = NULL;
  
    gst_vulkan_device_foreach_queue (upload->device,
        (GstVulkanDeviceForEachQueueFunc) _choose_queue, &data);
  
    return data.queue;
  }
  
  static GstStateChangeReturn
  gst_vulkan_upload_change_state (GstElement * element, GstStateChange transition)
  {
    GstVulkanUpload *vk_upload = GST_VULKAN_UPLOAD (element);
    GstStateChangeReturn ret = GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS;
  
    GST_DEBUG ("changing state: %s => %s",
        gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE_TRANSITION_CURRENT (transition)),
        gst_element_state_get_name (GST_STATE_TRANSITION_NEXT (transition)));
  
    switch (transition) {
      case GST_STATE_CHANGE_NULL_TO_READY:
        break;
      case GST_STATE_CHANGE_READY_TO_PAUSED:
        if (!gst_vulkan_ensure_element_data (element, NULL, &vk_upload->instance)) {
          GST_ELEMENT_ERROR (vk_upload, RESOURCE, NOT_FOUND,
              ("Failed to retrieve vulkan instance"), (NULL));
          return GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;
        }
        if (!gst_vulkan_device_run_context_query (GST_ELEMENT (vk_upload),
                &vk_upload->device)) {
          GError *error = NULL;
          GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (vk_upload, "No device retrieved from peer elements");
          if (!(vk_upload->device =
                  gst_vulkan_instance_create_device (vk_upload->instance,
                      &error))) {
            GST_ELEMENT_ERROR (vk_upload, RESOURCE, NOT_FOUND,
                ("Failed to create vulkan device"), ("%s",
                    error ? error->message : ""));
            g_clear_error (&error);
            return GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;
          }
        }
  
        if (!gst_vulkan_queue_run_context_query (GST_ELEMENT (vk_upload),
                &vk_upload->queue)) {
          GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (vk_upload, "No queue retrieved from peer elements");
          vk_upload->queue = _find_graphics_queue (vk_upload);
        }
        if (!vk_upload->queue) {
          GST_ELEMENT_ERROR (vk_upload, RESOURCE, NOT_FOUND,
              ("Failed to create/retrieve vulkan queue"), (NULL));
          return GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE;
        }
        break;
      case GST_STATE_CHANGE_PAUSED_TO_PLAYING:
        break;
      default:
        break;
    }
  
    ret = GST_ELEMENT_CLASS (parent_class)->change_state (element, transition);
    if (ret == GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE)
      return ret;
  
    switch (transition) {
      case GST_STATE_CHANGE_PLAYING_TO_PAUSED:
        break;
      case GST_STATE_CHANGE_PAUSED_TO_READY:
        if (vk_upload->queue)
          gst_object_unref (vk_upload->queue);
        vk_upload->queue = NULL;
        if (vk_upload->device)
          gst_object_unref (vk_upload->device);
        vk_upload->device = NULL;
        if (vk_upload->instance)
          gst_object_unref (vk_upload->instance);
        vk_upload->instance = NULL;
        break;
      case GST_STATE_CHANGE_READY_TO_NULL:
        break;
      default:
        break;
    }
  
    return ret;
  }
  
  static GstCaps *
  gst_vulkan_upload_transform_caps (GstBaseTransform * bt,
      GstPadDirection direction, GstCaps * caps, GstCaps * filter)
  {
    GstVulkanUpload *vk_upload = GST_VULKAN_UPLOAD (bt);
    GstCaps *result, *tmp;
    gint i;
  
    tmp = gst_caps_new_empty ();
  
    for (i = 0; i < G_N_ELEMENTS (upload_methods); i++) {
      GstCaps *tmp2;
      GstCaps *templ;
  
      if (direction == GST_PAD_SINK) {
        templ = gst_static_caps_get (upload_methods[i]->in_template);
      } else {
        templ = gst_static_caps_get (upload_methods[i]->out_template);
      }
      if (!gst_caps_can_intersect (caps, templ)) {
        gst_caps_unref (templ);
        continue;
      }
      gst_caps_unref (templ);
  
      tmp2 = upload_methods[i]->transform_caps (vk_upload->upload_impls[i],
          direction, caps);
  
      if (tmp2)
        tmp = gst_caps_merge (tmp, tmp2);
    }
  
    if (filter) {
      result = gst_caps_intersect_full (filter, tmp, GST_CAPS_INTERSECT_FIRST);
      gst_caps_unref (tmp);
    } else {
      result = tmp;
    }
  
    return result;
  }
  
  static gboolean
  gst_vulkan_upload_set_caps (GstBaseTransform * bt, GstCaps * in_caps,
      GstCaps * out_caps)
  {
    GstVulkanUpload *vk_upload = GST_VULKAN_UPLOAD (bt);
    gboolean found_method = FALSE;
    guint i;
  
    gst_caps_replace (&vk_upload->in_caps, in_caps);
    gst_caps_replace (&vk_upload->out_caps, out_caps);
  
    for (i = 0; i < G_N_ELEMENTS (upload_methods); i++) {
      GstCaps *templ;
  
      templ = gst_static_caps_get (upload_methods[i]->in_template);
      if (!gst_caps_can_intersect (in_caps, templ)) {
        gst_caps_unref (templ);
        continue;
      }
      gst_caps_unref (templ);
  
      templ = gst_static_caps_get (upload_methods[i]->out_template);
      if (!gst_caps_can_intersect (out_caps, templ)) {
        gst_caps_unref (templ);
        continue;
      }
      gst_caps_unref (templ);
  
      if (!upload_methods[i]->set_caps (vk_upload->upload_impls[i], in_caps,
              out_caps))
        continue;
  
      GST_LOG_OBJECT (bt, "uploader %s accepted caps in: %" GST_PTR_FORMAT
          " out: %" GST_PTR_FORMAT, upload_methods[i]->name, in_caps, out_caps);
  
      vk_upload->current_impl = i;
      found_method = TRUE;
      break;
    }
  
    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (bt,
        "set caps in: %" GST_PTR_FORMAT " out: %" GST_PTR_FORMAT, in_caps,
        out_caps);
  
    return found_method;
  }
  
  static gboolean
  gst_vulkan_upload_propose_allocation (GstBaseTransform * bt,
      GstQuery * decide_query, GstQuery * query)
  {
    GstVulkanUpload *vk_upload = GST_VULKAN_UPLOAD (bt);
    guint i;
  
    for (i = 0; i < G_N_ELEMENTS (upload_methods); i++) {
      GstCaps *templ;
  
      templ = gst_static_caps_get (upload_methods[i]->in_template);
      if (!gst_caps_can_intersect (vk_upload->in_caps, templ)) {
        gst_caps_unref (templ);
        continue;
      }
      gst_caps_unref (templ);
  
      templ = gst_static_caps_get (upload_methods[i]->out_template);
      if (!gst_caps_can_intersect (vk_upload->out_caps, templ)) {
        gst_caps_unref (templ);
        continue;
      }
      gst_caps_unref (templ);
  
      upload_methods[i]->propose_allocation (vk_upload->upload_impls[i],
          decide_query, query);
    }
  
    return TRUE;
  }
  
  static gboolean
  gst_vulkan_upload_decide_allocation (GstBaseTransform * bt, GstQuery * query)
  {
    return TRUE;
  }
  
  static gboolean
  _upload_find_method (GstVulkanUpload * vk_upload)
  {
    vk_upload->current_impl++;
  
    if (vk_upload->current_impl >= G_N_ELEMENTS (upload_methods))
      return FALSE;
  
    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (vk_upload, "attempting upload with uploader %s",
        upload_methods[vk_upload->current_impl]->name);
  
    return TRUE;
  }
  
  static GstFlowReturn
  gst_vulkan_upload_prepare_output_buffer (GstBaseTransform * bt,
      GstBuffer * inbuf, GstBuffer ** outbuf)
  {
    GstBaseTransformClass *bclass = GST_BASE_TRANSFORM_GET_CLASS (bt);
    GstVulkanUpload *vk_upload = GST_VULKAN_UPLOAD (bt);
    GstFlowReturn ret;
  
  restart:
    {
      gpointer method_impl;
      const struct UploadMethod *method;
  
      method = upload_methods[vk_upload->current_impl];
      method_impl = vk_upload->upload_impls[vk_upload->current_impl];
  
      ret = method->perform (method_impl, inbuf, outbuf);
      if (ret != GST_FLOW_OK) {
      next_method:
        if (!_upload_find_method (vk_upload)) {
          GST_ELEMENT_ERROR (bt, RESOURCE, NOT_FOUND,
              ("Could not find suitable uploader"), (NULL));
          return GST_FLOW_ERROR;
        }
  
        method = upload_methods[vk_upload->current_impl];
        method_impl = vk_upload->upload_impls[vk_upload->current_impl];
        if (!method->set_caps (method_impl, vk_upload->in_caps,
                vk_upload->out_caps))
          /* try the next method */
          goto next_method;
  
        /* try the uploading with the next method */
        goto restart;
      }
    }
  
    if (ret == GST_FLOW_OK) {
      /* basetransform doesn't unref if they're the same */
      if (inbuf != *outbuf)
        bclass->copy_metadata (bt, inbuf, *outbuf);
    }
  
    return ret;
  }
  
  static GstFlowReturn
  gst_vulkan_upload_transform (GstBaseTransform * bt, GstBuffer * inbuf,
      GstBuffer * outbuf)
  {
    return GST_FLOW_OK;
  }
  