text: # throw exception
  #       https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2052390/manually-raising-throwing-an-exception-in-python
  raise ValueError('A very specific bad thing happened.')
  raise Exception('This is the exception you expect to handle')
  
  def demo_no_catch():
      try:
          raise Exception('general exceptions not caught by specific handling')
      except ValueError as e:
          print('we will not catch exception: Exception')
  
  try:
      some_code_that_may_raise_our_value_error()
  except ValueError as err:
      print(err.args)
  