text: /*
   * string.c : an XML string utilities module
   *
   * This module provides various utility functions for manipulating
   * the xmlChar* type. All functions named xmlStr* have been moved here
   * from the parser.c file (their original home).
   *
   * See Copyright for the status of this software.
   *
   * UTF8 string routines from:
   * William Brack <wbrack@mmm.com.hk>
   *
   * daniel@veillard.com
   */
  
  #define IN_LIBXML
  #include "libxml.h"
  
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <libxml/xmlmemory.h>
  #include <libxml/parserInternals.h>
  #include <libxml/xmlstring.h>
  
  /************************************************************************
   *                                                                      *
   *                Commodity functions to handle xmlChars                *
   *                                                                      *
   ************************************************************************/
  
  /**
   * xmlStrndup:
   * @cur:  the input xmlChar *
   * @len:  the len of @cur
   *
   * a strndup for array of xmlChar's
   *
   * Returns a new xmlChar * or NULL
   */
  xmlChar *
  xmlStrndup(const xmlChar *cur, int len) {
      xmlChar *ret;
  
      if ((cur == NULL) || (len < 0)) return(NULL);
      ret = (xmlChar *) xmlMallocAtomic((len + 1) * sizeof(xmlChar));
      if (ret == NULL) {
          xmlErrMemory(NULL, NULL);
          return(NULL);
      }
      memcpy(ret, cur, len * sizeof(xmlChar));
      ret[len] = 0;
      return(ret);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrdup:
   * @cur:  the input xmlChar *
   *
   * a strdup for array of xmlChar's. Since they are supposed to be
   * encoded in UTF-8 or an encoding with 8bit based chars, we assume
   * a termination mark of '0'.
   *
   * Returns a new xmlChar * or NULL
   */
  xmlChar *
  xmlStrdup(const xmlChar *cur) {
      const xmlChar *p = cur;
  
      if (cur == NULL) return(NULL);
      while (*p != 0) p++; /* non input consuming */
      return(xmlStrndup(cur, p - cur));
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlCharStrndup:
   * @cur:  the input char *
   * @len:  the len of @cur
   *
   * a strndup for char's to xmlChar's
   *
   * Returns a new xmlChar * or NULL
   */
  
  xmlChar *
  xmlCharStrndup(const char *cur, int len) {
      int i;
      xmlChar *ret;
  
      if ((cur == NULL) || (len < 0)) return(NULL);
      ret = (xmlChar *) xmlMallocAtomic((len + 1) * sizeof(xmlChar));
      if (ret == NULL) {
          xmlErrMemory(NULL, NULL);
          return(NULL);
      }
      for (i = 0;i < len;i++) {
          ret[i] = (xmlChar) cur[i];
          if (ret[i] == 0) return(ret);
      }
      ret[len] = 0;
      return(ret);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlCharStrdup:
   * @cur:  the input char *
   *
   * a strdup for char's to xmlChar's
   *
   * Returns a new xmlChar * or NULL
   */
  
  xmlChar *
  xmlCharStrdup(const char *cur) {
      const char *p = cur;
  
      if (cur == NULL) return(NULL);
      while (*p != '\0') p++; /* non input consuming */
      return(xmlCharStrndup(cur, p - cur));
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrcmp:
   * @str1:  the first xmlChar *
   * @str2:  the second xmlChar *
   *
   * a strcmp for xmlChar's
   *
   * Returns the integer result of the comparison
   */
  
  int
  xmlStrcmp(const xmlChar *str1, const xmlChar *str2) {
      register int tmp;
  
      if (str1 == str2) return(0);
      if (str1 == NULL) return(-1);
      if (str2 == NULL) return(1);
      do {
          tmp = *str1++ - *str2;
          if (tmp != 0) return(tmp);
      } while (*str2++ != 0);
      return 0;
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrEqual:
   * @str1:  the first xmlChar *
   * @str2:  the second xmlChar *
   *
   * Check if both strings are equal of have same content.
   * Should be a bit more readable and faster than xmlStrcmp()
   *
   * Returns 1 if they are equal, 0 if they are different
   */
  
  int
  xmlStrEqual(const xmlChar *str1, const xmlChar *str2) {
      if (str1 == str2) return(1);
      if (str1 == NULL) return(0);
      if (str2 == NULL) return(0);
      do {
          if (*str1++ != *str2) return(0);
      } while (*str2++);
      return(1);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrQEqual:
   * @pref:  the prefix of the QName
   * @name:  the localname of the QName
   * @str:  the second xmlChar *
   *
   * Check if a QName is Equal to a given string
   *
   * Returns 1 if they are equal, 0 if they are different
   */
  
  int
  xmlStrQEqual(const xmlChar *pref, const xmlChar *name, const xmlChar *str) {
      if (pref == NULL) return(xmlStrEqual(name, str));
      if (name == NULL) return(0);
      if (str == NULL) return(0);
  
      do {
          if (*pref++ != *str) return(0);
      } while ((*str++) && (*pref));
      if (*str++ != ':') return(0);
      do {
          if (*name++ != *str) return(0);
      } while (*str++);
      return(1);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrncmp:
   * @str1:  the first xmlChar *
   * @str2:  the second xmlChar *
   * @len:  the max comparison length
   *
   * a strncmp for xmlChar's
   *
   * Returns the integer result of the comparison
   */
  
  int
  xmlStrncmp(const xmlChar *str1, const xmlChar *str2, int len) {
      register int tmp;
  
      if (len <= 0) return(0);
      if (str1 == str2) return(0);
      if (str1 == NULL) return(-1);
      if (str2 == NULL) return(1);
  #ifdef __GNUC__
      tmp = strncmp((const char *)str1, (const char *)str2, len);
      return tmp;
  #else
      do {
          tmp = *str1++ - *str2;
          if (tmp != 0 || --len == 0) return(tmp);
      } while (*str2++ != 0);
      return 0;
  #endif
  }
  
  static const xmlChar casemap[256] = {
      0x00,0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,
      0x08,0x09,0x0A,0x0B,0x0C,0x0D,0x0E,0x0F,
      0x10,0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16,0x17,
      0x18,0x19,0x1A,0x1B,0x1C,0x1D,0x1E,0x1F,
      0x20,0x21,0x22,0x23,0x24,0x25,0x26,0x27,
      0x28,0x29,0x2A,0x2B,0x2C,0x2D,0x2E,0x2F,
      0x30,0x31,0x32,0x33,0x34,0x35,0x36,0x37,
      0x38,0x39,0x3A,0x3B,0x3C,0x3D,0x3E,0x3F,
      0x40,0x61,0x62,0x63,0x64,0x65,0x66,0x67,
      0x68,0x69,0x6A,0x6B,0x6C,0x6D,0x6E,0x6F,
      0x70,0x71,0x72,0x73,0x74,0x75,0x76,0x77,
      0x78,0x79,0x7A,0x7B,0x5C,0x5D,0x5E,0x5F,
      0x60,0x61,0x62,0x63,0x64,0x65,0x66,0x67,
      0x68,0x69,0x6A,0x6B,0x6C,0x6D,0x6E,0x6F,
      0x70,0x71,0x72,0x73,0x74,0x75,0x76,0x77,
      0x78,0x79,0x7A,0x7B,0x7C,0x7D,0x7E,0x7F,
      0x80,0x81,0x82,0x83,0x84,0x85,0x86,0x87,
      0x88,0x89,0x8A,0x8B,0x8C,0x8D,0x8E,0x8F,
      0x90,0x91,0x92,0x93,0x94,0x95,0x96,0x97,
      0x98,0x99,0x9A,0x9B,0x9C,0x9D,0x9E,0x9F,
      0xA0,0xA1,0xA2,0xA3,0xA4,0xA5,0xA6,0xA7,
      0xA8,0xA9,0xAA,0xAB,0xAC,0xAD,0xAE,0xAF,
      0xB0,0xB1,0xB2,0xB3,0xB4,0xB5,0xB6,0xB7,
      0xB8,0xB9,0xBA,0xBB,0xBC,0xBD,0xBE,0xBF,
      0xC0,0xC1,0xC2,0xC3,0xC4,0xC5,0xC6,0xC7,
      0xC8,0xC9,0xCA,0xCB,0xCC,0xCD,0xCE,0xCF,
      0xD0,0xD1,0xD2,0xD3,0xD4,0xD5,0xD6,0xD7,
      0xD8,0xD9,0xDA,0xDB,0xDC,0xDD,0xDE,0xDF,
      0xE0,0xE1,0xE2,0xE3,0xE4,0xE5,0xE6,0xE7,
      0xE8,0xE9,0xEA,0xEB,0xEC,0xED,0xEE,0xEF,
      0xF0,0xF1,0xF2,0xF3,0xF4,0xF5,0xF6,0xF7,
      0xF8,0xF9,0xFA,0xFB,0xFC,0xFD,0xFE,0xFF
  };
  
  /**
   * xmlStrcasecmp:
   * @str1:  the first xmlChar *
   * @str2:  the second xmlChar *
   *
   * a strcasecmp for xmlChar's
   *
   * Returns the integer result of the comparison
   */
  
  int
  xmlStrcasecmp(const xmlChar *str1, const xmlChar *str2) {
      register int tmp;
  
      if (str1 == str2) return(0);
      if (str1 == NULL) return(-1);
      if (str2 == NULL) return(1);
      do {
          tmp = casemap[*str1++] - casemap[*str2];
          if (tmp != 0) return(tmp);
      } while (*str2++ != 0);
      return 0;
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrncasecmp:
   * @str1:  the first xmlChar *
   * @str2:  the second xmlChar *
   * @len:  the max comparison length
   *
   * a strncasecmp for xmlChar's
   *
   * Returns the integer result of the comparison
   */
  
  int
  xmlStrncasecmp(const xmlChar *str1, const xmlChar *str2, int len) {
      register int tmp;
  
      if (len <= 0) return(0);
      if (str1 == str2) return(0);
      if (str1 == NULL) return(-1);
      if (str2 == NULL) return(1);
      do {
          tmp = casemap[*str1++] - casemap[*str2];
          if (tmp != 0 || --len == 0) return(tmp);
      } while (*str2++ != 0);
      return 0;
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrchr:
   * @str:  the xmlChar * array
   * @val:  the xmlChar to search
   *
   * a strchr for xmlChar's
   *
   * Returns the xmlChar * for the first occurrence or NULL.
   */
  
  const xmlChar *
  xmlStrchr(const xmlChar *str, xmlChar val) {
      if (str == NULL) return(NULL);
      while (*str != 0) { /* non input consuming */
          if (*str == val) return((xmlChar *) str);
          str++;
      }
      return(NULL);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrstr:
   * @str:  the xmlChar * array (haystack)
   * @val:  the xmlChar to search (needle)
   *
   * a strstr for xmlChar's
   *
   * Returns the xmlChar * for the first occurrence or NULL.
   */
  
  const xmlChar *
  xmlStrstr(const xmlChar *str, const xmlChar *val) {
      int n;
  
      if (str == NULL) return(NULL);
      if (val == NULL) return(NULL);
      n = xmlStrlen(val);
  
      if (n == 0) return(str);
      while (*str != 0) { /* non input consuming */
          if (*str == *val) {
              if (!xmlStrncmp(str, val, n)) return((const xmlChar *) str);
          }
          str++;
      }
      return(NULL);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrcasestr:
   * @str:  the xmlChar * array (haystack)
   * @val:  the xmlChar to search (needle)
   *
   * a case-ignoring strstr for xmlChar's
   *
   * Returns the xmlChar * for the first occurrence or NULL.
   */
  
  const xmlChar *
  xmlStrcasestr(const xmlChar *str, const xmlChar *val) {
      int n;
  
      if (str == NULL) return(NULL);
      if (val == NULL) return(NULL);
      n = xmlStrlen(val);
  
      if (n == 0) return(str);
      while (*str != 0) { /* non input consuming */
          if (casemap[*str] == casemap[*val])
              if (!xmlStrncasecmp(str, val, n)) return(str);
          str++;
      }
      return(NULL);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrsub:
   * @str:  the xmlChar * array (haystack)
   * @start:  the index of the first char (zero based)
   * @len:  the length of the substring
   *
   * Extract a substring of a given string
   *
   * Returns the xmlChar * for the first occurrence or NULL.
   */
  
  xmlChar *
  xmlStrsub(const xmlChar *str, int start, int len) {
      int i;
  
      if (str == NULL) return(NULL);
      if (start < 0) return(NULL);
      if (len < 0) return(NULL);
  
      for (i = 0;i < start;i++) {
          if (*str == 0) return(NULL);
          str++;
      }
      if (*str == 0) return(NULL);
      return(xmlStrndup(str, len));
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrlen:
   * @str:  the xmlChar * array
   *
   * length of a xmlChar's string
   *
   * Returns the number of xmlChar contained in the ARRAY.
   */
  
  int
  xmlStrlen(const xmlChar *str) {
      int len = 0;
  
      if (str == NULL) return(0);
      while (*str != 0) { /* non input consuming */
          str++;
          len++;
      }
      return(len);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrncat:
   * @cur:  the original xmlChar * array
   * @add:  the xmlChar * array added
   * @len:  the length of @add
   *
   * a strncat for array of xmlChar's, it will extend @cur with the len
   * first bytes of @add. Note that if @len < 0 then this is an API error
   * and NULL will be returned.
   *
   * Returns a new xmlChar *, the original @cur is reallocated and should
   * not be freed.
   */
  
  xmlChar *
  xmlStrncat(xmlChar *cur, const xmlChar *add, int len) {
      int size;
      xmlChar *ret;
  
      if ((add == NULL) || (len == 0))
          return(cur);
      if (len < 0)
  	return(NULL);
      if (cur == NULL)
          return(xmlStrndup(add, len));
  
      size = xmlStrlen(cur);
      if (size < 0)
          return(NULL);
      ret = (xmlChar *) xmlRealloc(cur, (size + len + 1) * sizeof(xmlChar));
      if (ret == NULL) {
          xmlErrMemory(NULL, NULL);
          return(cur);
      }
      memcpy(&ret[size], add, len * sizeof(xmlChar));
      ret[size + len] = 0;
      return(ret);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrncatNew:
   * @str1:  first xmlChar string
   * @str2:  second xmlChar string
   * @len:  the len of @str2 or < 0
   *
   * same as xmlStrncat, but creates a new string.  The original
   * two strings are not freed. If @len is < 0 then the length
   * will be calculated automatically.
   *
   * Returns a new xmlChar * or NULL
   */
  xmlChar *
  xmlStrncatNew(const xmlChar *str1, const xmlChar *str2, int len) {
      int size;
      xmlChar *ret;
  
      if (len < 0) {
          len = xmlStrlen(str2);
          if (len < 0)
              return(NULL);
      }
      if ((str2 == NULL) || (len == 0))
          return(xmlStrdup(str1));
      if (str1 == NULL)
          return(xmlStrndup(str2, len));
  
      size = xmlStrlen(str1);
      if (size < 0)
          return(NULL);
      ret = (xmlChar *) xmlMalloc((size + len + 1) * sizeof(xmlChar));
      if (ret == NULL) {
          xmlErrMemory(NULL, NULL);
          return(xmlStrndup(str1, size));
      }
      memcpy(ret, str1, size * sizeof(xmlChar));
      memcpy(&ret[size], str2, len * sizeof(xmlChar));
      ret[size + len] = 0;
      return(ret);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrcat:
   * @cur:  the original xmlChar * array
   * @add:  the xmlChar * array added
   *
   * a strcat for array of xmlChar's. Since they are supposed to be
   * encoded in UTF-8 or an encoding with 8bit based chars, we assume
   * a termination mark of '0'.
   *
   * Returns a new xmlChar * containing the concatenated string. The original
   * @cur is reallocated and should not be freed.
   */
  xmlChar *
  xmlStrcat(xmlChar *cur, const xmlChar *add) {
      const xmlChar *p = add;
  
      if (add == NULL) return(cur);
      if (cur == NULL)
          return(xmlStrdup(add));
  
      while (*p != 0) p++; /* non input consuming */
      return(xmlStrncat(cur, add, p - add));
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrPrintf:
   * @buf:   the result buffer.
   * @len:   the result buffer length.
   * @msg:   the message with printf formatting.
   * @...:   extra parameters for the message.
   *
   * Formats @msg and places result into @buf.
   *
   * Returns the number of characters written to @buf or -1 if an error occurs.
   */
  int XMLCDECL
  xmlStrPrintf(xmlChar *buf, int len, const char *msg, ...) {
      va_list args;
      int ret;
  
      if((buf == NULL) || (msg == NULL)) {
          return(-1);
      }
  
      va_start(args, msg);
      ret = vsnprintf((char *) buf, len, (const char *) msg, args);
      va_end(args);
      buf[len - 1] = 0; /* be safe ! */
  
      return(ret);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlStrVPrintf:
   * @buf:   the result buffer.
   * @len:   the result buffer length.
   * @msg:   the message with printf formatting.
   * @ap:    extra parameters for the message.
   *
   * Formats @msg and places result into @buf.
   *
   * Returns the number of characters written to @buf or -1 if an error occurs.
   */
  int
  xmlStrVPrintf(xmlChar *buf, int len, const char *msg, va_list ap) {
      int ret;
  
      if((buf == NULL) || (msg == NULL)) {
          return(-1);
      }
  
      ret = vsnprintf((char *) buf, len, (const char *) msg, ap);
      buf[len - 1] = 0; /* be safe ! */
  
      return(ret);
  }
  
  /************************************************************************
   *                                                                      *
   *              Generic UTF8 handling routines                          *
   *                                                                      *
   * From rfc2044: encoding of the Unicode values on UTF-8:               *
   *                                                                      *
   * UCS-4 range (hex.)           UTF-8 octet sequence (binary)           *
   * 0000 0000-0000 007F   0xxxxxxx                                       *
   * 0000 0080-0000 07FF   110xxxxx 10xxxxxx                              *
   * 0000 0800-0000 FFFF   1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx                     *
   *                                                                      *
   * I hope we won't use values > 0xFFFF anytime soon !                   *
   *                                                                      *
   ************************************************************************/
  
  
  /**
   * xmlUTF8Size:
   * @utf: pointer to the UTF8 character
   *
   * calculates the internal size of a UTF8 character
   *
   * returns the numbers of bytes in the character, -1 on format error
   */
  int
  xmlUTF8Size(const xmlChar *utf) {
      xmlChar mask;
      int len;
  
      if (utf == NULL)
          return -1;
      if (*utf < 0x80)
          return 1;
      /* check valid UTF8 character */
      if (!(*utf & 0x40))
          return -1;
      /* determine number of bytes in char */
      len = 2;
      for (mask=0x20; mask != 0; mask>>=1) {
          if (!(*utf & mask))
              return len;
          len++;
      }
      return -1;
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlUTF8Charcmp:
   * @utf1: pointer to first UTF8 char
   * @utf2: pointer to second UTF8 char
   *
   * compares the two UCS4 values
   *
   * returns result of the compare as with xmlStrncmp
   */
  int
  xmlUTF8Charcmp(const xmlChar *utf1, const xmlChar *utf2) {
  
      if (utf1 == NULL ) {
          if (utf2 == NULL)
              return 0;
          return -1;
      }
      return xmlStrncmp(utf1, utf2, xmlUTF8Size(utf1));
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlUTF8Strlen:
   * @utf:  a sequence of UTF-8 encoded bytes
   *
   * compute the length of an UTF8 string, it doesn't do a full UTF8
   * checking of the content of the string.
   *
   * Returns the number of characters in the string or -1 in case of error
   */
  int
  xmlUTF8Strlen(const xmlChar *utf) {
      int ret = 0;
  
      if (utf == NULL)
          return(-1);
  
      while (*utf != 0) {
          if (utf[0] & 0x80) {
              if ((utf[1] & 0xc0) != 0x80)
                  return(-1);
              if ((utf[0] & 0xe0) == 0xe0) {
                  if ((utf[2] & 0xc0) != 0x80)
                      return(-1);
                  if ((utf[0] & 0xf0) == 0xf0) {
                      if ((utf[0] & 0xf8) != 0xf0 || (utf[3] & 0xc0) != 0x80)
                          return(-1);
                      utf += 4;
                  } else {
                      utf += 3;
                  }
              } else {
                  utf += 2;
              }
          } else {
              utf++;
          }
          ret++;
      }
      return(ret);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlGetUTF8Char:
   * @utf:  a sequence of UTF-8 encoded bytes
   * @len:  a pointer to the minimum number of bytes present in
   *        the sequence.  This is used to assure the next character
   *        is completely contained within the sequence.
   *
   * Read the first UTF8 character from @utf
   *
   * Returns the char value or -1 in case of error, and sets *len to
   *        the actual number of bytes consumed (0 in case of error)
   */
  int
  xmlGetUTF8Char(const unsigned char *utf, int *len) {
      unsigned int c;
  
      if (utf == NULL)
          goto error;
      if (len == NULL)
          goto error;
      if (*len < 1)
          goto error;
  
      c = utf[0];
      if (c & 0x80) {
          if (*len < 2)
              goto error;
          if ((utf[1] & 0xc0) != 0x80)
              goto error;
          if ((c & 0xe0) == 0xe0) {
              if (*len < 3)
                  goto error;
              if ((utf[2] & 0xc0) != 0x80)
                  goto error;
              if ((c & 0xf0) == 0xf0) {
                  if (*len < 4)
                      goto error;
                  if ((c & 0xf8) != 0xf0 || (utf[3] & 0xc0) != 0x80)
                      goto error;
                  *len = 4;
                  /* 4-byte code */
                  c = (utf[0] & 0x7) << 18;
                  c |= (utf[1] & 0x3f) << 12;
                  c |= (utf[2] & 0x3f) << 6;
                  c |= utf[3] & 0x3f;
              } else {
                /* 3-byte code */
                  *len = 3;
                  c = (utf[0] & 0xf) << 12;
                  c |= (utf[1] & 0x3f) << 6;
                  c |= utf[2] & 0x3f;
              }
          } else {
            /* 2-byte code */
              *len = 2;
              c = (utf[0] & 0x1f) << 6;
              c |= utf[1] & 0x3f;
          }
      } else {
          /* 1-byte code */
          *len = 1;
      }
      return(c);
  
  error:
      if (len != NULL)
  	*len = 0;
      return(-1);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlCheckUTF8:
   * @utf: Pointer to putative UTF-8 encoded string.
   *
   * Checks @utf for being valid UTF-8. @utf is assumed to be
   * null-terminated. This function is not super-strict, as it will
   * allow longer UTF-8 sequences than necessary. Note that Java is
   * capable of producing these sequences if provoked. Also note, this
   * routine checks for the 4-byte maximum size, but does not check for
   * 0x10ffff maximum value.
   *
   * Return value: true if @utf is valid.
   **/
  int
  xmlCheckUTF8(const unsigned char *utf)
  {
      int ix;
      unsigned char c;
  
      if (utf == NULL)
          return(0);
      /*
       * utf is a string of 1, 2, 3 or 4 bytes.  The valid strings
       * are as follows (in "bit format"):
       *    0xxxxxxx                                      valid 1-byte
       *    110xxxxx 10xxxxxx                             valid 2-byte
       *    1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx                    valid 3-byte
       *    11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx           valid 4-byte
       */
      for (ix = 0; (c = utf[ix]);) {      /* string is 0-terminated */
          if ((c & 0x80) == 0x00) {	/* 1-byte code, starts with 10 */
              ix++;
  	} else if ((c & 0xe0) == 0xc0) {/* 2-byte code, starts with 110 */
  	    if ((utf[ix+1] & 0xc0 ) != 0x80)
  	        return 0;
  	    ix += 2;
  	} else if ((c & 0xf0) == 0xe0) {/* 3-byte code, starts with 1110 */
  	    if (((utf[ix+1] & 0xc0) != 0x80) ||
  	        ((utf[ix+2] & 0xc0) != 0x80))
  		    return 0;
  	    ix += 3;
  	} else if ((c & 0xf8) == 0xf0) {/* 4-byte code, starts with 11110 */
  	    if (((utf[ix+1] & 0xc0) != 0x80) ||
  	        ((utf[ix+2] & 0xc0) != 0x80) ||
  		((utf[ix+3] & 0xc0) != 0x80))
  		    return 0;
  	    ix += 4;
  	} else				/* unknown encoding */
  	    return 0;
        }
        return(1);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlUTF8Strsize:
   * @utf:  a sequence of UTF-8 encoded bytes
   * @len:  the number of characters in the array
   *
   * storage size of an UTF8 string
   * the behaviour is not guaranteed if the input string is not UTF-8
   *
   * Returns the storage size of
   * the first 'len' characters of ARRAY
   */
  
  int
  xmlUTF8Strsize(const xmlChar *utf, int len) {
      const xmlChar   *ptr=utf;
      xmlChar         ch;
  
      if (utf == NULL)
          return(0);
  
      if (len <= 0)
          return(0);
  
      while ( len-- > 0) {
          if ( !*ptr )
              break;
          if ( (ch = *ptr++) & 0x80) {
              // Workaround for an optimization bug in VS 2015 Update 2, remove
              // once the fix is released. crbug.com/599427
              // https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/2582138
              xmlChar ch2 = ch;
              while ((ch2<<=1) & 0x80 ) {
                  ptr++;
                  if (*ptr == 0) break;
              }
          }
      }
      return (ptr - utf);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlUTF8Strndup:
   * @utf:  the input UTF8 *
   * @len:  the len of @utf (in chars)
   *
   * a strndup for array of UTF8's
   *
   * Returns a new UTF8 * or NULL
   */
  xmlChar *
  xmlUTF8Strndup(const xmlChar *utf, int len) {
      xmlChar *ret;
      int i;
  
      if ((utf == NULL) || (len < 0)) return(NULL);
      i = xmlUTF8Strsize(utf, len);
      ret = (xmlChar *) xmlMallocAtomic((i + 1) * sizeof(xmlChar));
      if (ret == NULL) {
          xmlGenericError(xmlGenericErrorContext,
                  "malloc of %ld byte failed\n",
                  (len + 1) * (long)sizeof(xmlChar));
          return(NULL);
      }
      memcpy(ret, utf, i * sizeof(xmlChar));
      ret[i] = 0;
      return(ret);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlUTF8Strpos:
   * @utf:  the input UTF8 *
   * @pos:  the position of the desired UTF8 char (in chars)
   *
   * a function to provide the equivalent of fetching a
   * character from a string array
   *
   * Returns a pointer to the UTF8 character or NULL
   */
  const xmlChar *
  xmlUTF8Strpos(const xmlChar *utf, int pos) {
      xmlChar ch;
  
      if (utf == NULL) return(NULL);
      if (pos < 0)
          return(NULL);
      while (pos--) {
          if ((ch=*utf++) == 0) return(NULL);
          if ( ch & 0x80 ) {
              /* if not simple ascii, verify proper format */
              if ( (ch & 0xc0) != 0xc0 )
                  return(NULL);
              /* then skip over remaining bytes for this char */
              while ( (ch <<= 1) & 0x80 )
                  if ( (*utf++ & 0xc0) != 0x80 )
                      return(NULL);
          }
      }
      return((xmlChar *)utf);
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlUTF8Strloc:
   * @utf:  the input UTF8 *
   * @utfchar:  the UTF8 character to be found
   *
   * a function to provide the relative location of a UTF8 char
   *
   * Returns the relative character position of the desired char
   * or -1 if not found
   */
  int
  xmlUTF8Strloc(const xmlChar *utf, const xmlChar *utfchar) {
      int i, size;
      xmlChar ch;
  
      if (utf==NULL || utfchar==NULL) return -1;
      size = xmlUTF8Strsize(utfchar, 1);
          for(i=0; (ch=*utf) != 0; i++) {
              if (xmlStrncmp(utf, utfchar, size)==0)
                  return(i);
              utf++;
              if ( ch & 0x80 ) {
                  /* if not simple ascii, verify proper format */
                  if ( (ch & 0xc0) != 0xc0 )
                      return(-1);
                  /* then skip over remaining bytes for this char */
                  while ( (ch <<= 1) & 0x80 )
                      if ( (*utf++ & 0xc0) != 0x80 )
                          return(-1);
              }
          }
  
      return(-1);
  }
  /**
   * xmlUTF8Strsub:
   * @utf:  a sequence of UTF-8 encoded bytes
   * @start: relative pos of first char
   * @len:   total number to copy
   *
   * Create a substring from a given UTF-8 string
   * Note:  positions are given in units of UTF-8 chars
   *
   * Returns a pointer to a newly created string
   * or NULL if any problem
   */
  
  xmlChar *
  xmlUTF8Strsub(const xmlChar *utf, int start, int len) {
      int            i;
      xmlChar ch;
  
      if (utf == NULL) return(NULL);
      if (start < 0) return(NULL);
      if (len < 0) return(NULL);
  
      /*
       * Skip over any leading chars
       */
      for (i = 0;i < start;i++) {
          if ((ch=*utf++) == 0) return(NULL);
          if ( ch & 0x80 ) {
              /* if not simple ascii, verify proper format */
              if ( (ch & 0xc0) != 0xc0 )
                  return(NULL);
              /* then skip over remaining bytes for this char */
              while ( (ch <<= 1) & 0x80 )
                  if ( (*utf++ & 0xc0) != 0x80 )
                      return(NULL);
          }
      }
  
      return(xmlUTF8Strndup(utf, len));
  }
  
  /**
   * xmlEscapeFormatString:
   * @msg:  a pointer to the string in which to escape '%' characters.
   * Must be a heap-allocated buffer created by libxml2 that may be
   * returned, or that may be freed and replaced.
   *
   * Replaces the string pointed to by 'msg' with an escaped string.
   * Returns the same string with all '%' characters escaped.
   */
  xmlChar *
  xmlEscapeFormatString(xmlChar **msg)
  {
      xmlChar *msgPtr = NULL;
      xmlChar *result = NULL;
      xmlChar *resultPtr = NULL;
      size_t count = 0;
      size_t msgLen = 0;
      size_t resultLen = 0;
  
      if (!msg || !*msg)
          return(NULL);
  
      for (msgPtr = *msg; *msgPtr != '\0'; ++msgPtr) {
          ++msgLen;
          if (*msgPtr == '%')
              ++count;
      }
  
      if (count == 0)
          return(*msg);
  
      resultLen = msgLen + count + 1;
      result = (xmlChar *) xmlMallocAtomic(resultLen * sizeof(xmlChar));
      if (result == NULL) {
          /* Clear *msg to prevent format string vulnerabilities in
             out-of-memory situations. */
          xmlFree(*msg);
          *msg = NULL;
          xmlErrMemory(NULL, NULL);
          return(NULL);
      }
  
      for (msgPtr = *msg, resultPtr = result; *msgPtr != '\0'; ++msgPtr, ++resultPtr) {
          *resultPtr = *msgPtr;
          if (*msgPtr == '%')
              *(++resultPtr) = '%';
      }
      result[resultLen - 1] = '\0';
  
      xmlFree(*msg);
      *msg = result;
  
      return *msg;
  }
  
  #define bottom_xmlstring
  #include "elfgcchack.h"
  