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  /*! @file
   * This test tool verifies correctness of Pin's internal exception handling
   * Note - this tool uses Win32 API after initialization phase (after main()). 
   * This prcatice is unsupported and used here for testing purposes only.
   */
  
  #include "pin.H"
  #include <string>
  #include <iostream>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <map>
  #include <sys/mman.h>
  #include <limits.h>    /* for PAGESIZE */
  #ifndef PAGESIZE
  #define PAGESIZE 4096
  #endif
  #include <errno.h>
  #include <ucontext.h>
  #ifdef TARGET_BSD
  #include <machine/fpu.h>
  #endif
  
  using namespace std;
  
  #define FCW_ZERO_DIVIDE 0x4
  #define MXCSR_ZERO_DIVIDE 0x200
  #ifdef TARGET_BSD
  #define FCW_MASK_ZERO_DIVIDE(fpstate) ((reinterpret_cast <struct envxmm*> (fpstate))->en_cw |= FCW_ZERO_DIVIDE)
  #define FSW_RESET(fpstate) ((reinterpret_cast <struct envxmm*> (fpstate))->en_sw = 0)
  #define MSR_MASK_ZERO_DIVIDE(fpstate) ((reinterpret_cast <struct envxmm*> (fpstate))->en_mxcsr |= MXCSR_ZERO_DIVIDE)
  #else
  #define FCW_MASK_ZERO_DIVIDE(fpstate) ((reinterpret_cast<FPSTATE *>(fpstate))->fxsave_legacy._fcw |= FCW_ZERO_DIVIDE)
  #define FSW_RESET(fpstate) ((reinterpret_cast<FPSTATE *>(fpstate))->fxsave_legacy._fsw = 0)
  #define MSR_MASK_ZERO_DIVIDE(fpstate) ((reinterpret_cast<FPSTATE *>(fpstate))->fxsave_legacy._mxcsr |= MXCSR_ZERO_DIVIDE)
  #endif
  
  //=================================================================================================
  /*!
   * Global variables
   */
  volatile BOOL isGlobalExpected1 = FALSE;
  volatile ADDRINT *ptr1 = NULL;
  volatile BOOL isGlobalExpected2 = FALSE;
  volatile ADDRINT *ptr2 = NULL;
  volatile BOOL isGlobalExpected3 = FALSE;
  extern "C" void ToolRaiseAccessInvalidAddressException(ADDRINT **addr, ADDRINT val);
  extern "C" ADDRINT ToolCatchAccessInvalidAddressException;
  extern "C" ADDRINT ToolIpAccessInvalidAddressException;
  
  extern "C" ADDRINT ToolRaiseIntDivideByZeroException(ADDRINT catchAddr, ADDRINT code);
  extern "C" ADDRINT ToolCatchIntDivideByZeroException;
  extern "C" ADDRINT ToolIpIntDivideByZeroException;
  
  typedef map <ADDRINT, ADDRINT> IpToCatchBlockMap;
  IpToCatchBlockMap ip2catchMap;
  
  
  //================================================================================
  //* FP control
  //================================================================================
  
  void X87UnmaskZeroDivide(unsigned char* fpstate)
  {
  } 
  //=================================================================================================
  /*!
   * Exception handlers
   */
  EXCEPT_HANDLING_RESULT AnalysisHandler2(THREADID threadIndex, EXCEPTION_INFO * pExceptInfo, 
                                          PHYSICAL_CONTEXT * pPhysCtxt, VOID *v)
  {
      cout << "AnalysisHandler2: Caught exception. " << PIN_ExceptionToString(pExceptInfo) << endl;
      cout << "AnalysisHandler2: can't fix exception, continue search" << endl;
      return EHR_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
  }
  
  EXCEPT_HANDLING_RESULT AnalysisHandler1(THREADID tid, EXCEPTION_INFO * pExceptInfo, 
                                          PHYSICAL_CONTEXT * pPhysCtxt, VOID *v)
  {
      cout << "AnalysisHandler1: Caught exception. " << PIN_ExceptionToString(pExceptInfo) << endl;
      if (PIN_GetExceptionCode(pExceptInfo) == EXCEPTCODE_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO)
      {
          ADDRINT ip = PIN_GetPhysicalContextReg(pPhysCtxt, REG_INST_PTR);
          IpToCatchBlockMap::iterator it = ip2catchMap.find(ip);
          if (it!= ip2catchMap.end())
          {
              cout << "AnalysisHandler1: Fixing INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO and continuing execution" << endl;
              ADDRINT catchPoint = it->second;
              PIN_SetPhysicalContextReg(pPhysCtxt, REG_INST_PTR, catchPoint);
              cout << "=====================================================================" << endl;
              return EHR_HANDLED; 
         }
      }
      if (PIN_GetExceptionCode(pExceptInfo) == EXCEPTCODE_X87_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO)
      {
          cout << "AnalysisHandler1: Fixing X87_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO and continuing execution" << endl;
          cout << "=====================================================================" << endl;
          CHAR fpState[FPSTATE_SIZE];
          PIN_GetPhysicalContextFPState(pPhysCtxt, fpState);
          FCW_MASK_ZERO_DIVIDE(fpState);
          FSW_RESET(fpState);
          PIN_SetPhysicalContextFPState(pPhysCtxt, fpState);
          return EHR_HANDLED; 
      }
      if (PIN_GetExceptionCode(pExceptInfo) == EXCEPTCODE_SIMD_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO)
      {
          cout << "AnalysisHandler1: Fixing SIMD_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO and continuing execution" << endl;
          cout << "=====================================================================" << endl;
          CHAR fpState[FPSTATE_SIZE];
          PIN_GetPhysicalContextFPState(pPhysCtxt, fpState);
          MSR_MASK_ZERO_DIVIDE(fpState);
          PIN_SetPhysicalContextFPState(pPhysCtxt, fpState);
          return EHR_HANDLED; 
      }
      cout << "AnalysisHandler1: can't fix exception, continue search" << endl;
      return EHR_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
  }
  
  /*
   * Don't catch exception. Just propagate it.
   */
  EXCEPT_HANDLING_RESULT GlobalHandler2(THREADID threadIndex, EXCEPTION_INFO * pExceptInfo, 
                                        PHYSICAL_CONTEXT * pPhysCtxt, VOID *v)
  {
      cout << "GlobalHandler2: Caught exception. " << PIN_ExceptionToString(pExceptInfo) << endl;
      cout << "GlobalHandler2: Continue search." << endl;
      return EHR_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
  }
  
  /*
   * Catch expected exceptions and recover form them
   * (1) access invalid address
   *     - move IP reg to recovery code
   * (2, 3) access denied
   *     - change page protection 
   */
  EXCEPT_HANDLING_RESULT GlobalHandler1(THREADID threadIndex, EXCEPTION_INFO * pExceptInfo, 
                                        PHYSICAL_CONTEXT * pPhysCtxt, VOID *v)
  {
      cout << "GlobalHandler1: Caught exception. " << PIN_ExceptionToString(pExceptInfo) << endl;
      if(isGlobalExpected1 && (PIN_GetExceptionCode(pExceptInfo) == EXCEPTCODE_ACCESS_INVALID_ADDRESS))
      {
          isGlobalExpected1 = FALSE;
          
          ADDRINT ip = PIN_GetPhysicalContextReg(pPhysCtxt, REG_INST_PTR);
          // fprintf(stderr, "exception at ip 0x%lx\n", (unsigned long)ip);
          
          /* Move IP to recovery code. The recovery code is provided by tool itself */
          IpToCatchBlockMap::iterator it = ip2catchMap.find(ip);
          if (it!= ip2catchMap.end())
          {
              cout << "GlobalHandler1: Fixing ACCESS_INVALID_ADDRESS and continue execution." << endl;
              ADDRINT catchPoint = it->second;
              PIN_SetPhysicalContextReg(pPhysCtxt, REG_INST_PTR, catchPoint);
          }
          else
          {
              cout << "GlobalHandler1 ERROR: can't fix ACCESS_INVALID_ADDRESS" << endl;
              exit(-1);
          }
              
          cout << "=====================================================================" << endl;
          return EHR_HANDLED; 
      }
      else if(isGlobalExpected2 && (PIN_GetExceptionCode(pExceptInfo) == EXCEPTCODE_ACCESS_DENIED))
      {
          isGlobalExpected2 = FALSE;
          cout << "GlobalHandler1: Fixing ACCESS_DENIED and continue execution." << endl;
          
          // Change page protection and continue execution
          int res = mprotect((void *)ptr2, 1024, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE);
          if (res != 0)
          {
              cout << "mprotect failed with code " << ios::dec << errno << endl;
          }
          cout << "=====================================================================" << endl;
          return EHR_HANDLED; 
      }
      else if(isGlobalExpected3 && (PIN_GetExceptionCode(pExceptInfo) == EXCEPTCODE_ACCESS_DENIED))
      {
          isGlobalExpected3 = FALSE;
          cout << "GlobalHandler1: Fixing ACCESS_DENIED and continuing execution" << endl;
          
          // Change page protection and continue execution
          int res = mprotect((void *)ptr1, 1024, PROT_READ);
          if (res != 0)
          {
              cout << "mprotect failed with code " << ios::dec << errno << endl;
          }
          cout << "=====================================================================" << endl;
          return EHR_HANDLED; 
      }
      else
      {
          // Message logging
          cout << "GlobalHandler1: Unexpected exception. Abort" << endl;
          // Stop searching for internal handler.
          return EHR_UNHANDLED; 
      }
  }
  
  //=================================================================================================
  /*!
   * RTN analysis routines.
   */
  
  
  static ADDRINT OnRaiseIntDivideByZeroException(THREADID tid, ADDRINT exceptionCode)
  {
      PIN_TryStart(tid, AnalysisHandler1, 0);
  
      PIN_TryStart(tid, AnalysisHandler2, 0);
      
      cout << "Raise exception with code " << exceptionCode << endl;
      
      ADDRINT code = ToolRaiseIntDivideByZeroException(ToolCatchIntDivideByZeroException, exceptionCode);
      
      PIN_TryEnd(tid);
  
      PIN_TryEnd(tid);
      
      return code;
  }
  
  static ADDRINT OnRaiseFltDivideByZeroException(THREADID tid, ADDRINT exceptionCode)
  {
      PIN_TryStart(tid, AnalysisHandler1, 0);
  
      {
          PIN_TryStart(tid, AnalysisHandler2, 0);
  
          PIN_TryEnd(tid);
      }
  
      cout << "Raise exception with code " << exceptionCode << endl;
      
      volatile float zero = 0.0;
      volatile float i = 1.0;
      i /= zero;
      
      PIN_TryEnd(tid); 
      
      return exceptionCode;
  }
  
  /*!
   * INS analysis routines.
   */
  VOID OnIns1()
  {
      // Generate exception in inlined analysis routine.
      isGlobalExpected2 = TRUE;
      *ptr2 = 11111;
  }
  
  VOID OnIns2()
  {
      // Generate exception in inlined analysis routine.
      isGlobalExpected2 = TRUE;
      if (mprotect((void *)ptr2, 1024, PROT_READ)) 
      {
          perror("Couldn't mprotect");
          exit(-1);
      }
      PIN_LockClient();
      *ptr2 = 22222;
      PIN_UnlockClient();
  }
  
  
  //=================================================================================================
  /*!
   * RTN instrumentation routine.
   */
  static VOID InstrumentRoutine(RTN rtn, VOID *)
  {
      if (RTN_Name(rtn) == "RaiseIntDivideByZeroException")
      {
          PROTO proto = PROTO_Allocate( PIN_PARG(ADDRINT), CALLINGSTD_DEFAULT,
                                        "RaiseIntDivideByZeroException", PIN_PARG(ADDRINT), PIN_PARG(ADDRINT), PIN_PARG_END() );
          RTN_ReplaceSignature(rtn, AFUNPTR(OnRaiseIntDivideByZeroException),
              IARG_PROTOTYPE, proto, IARG_THREAD_ID, IARG_FUNCARG_ENTRYPOINT_VALUE, 1, IARG_END);
          PROTO_Free(proto);
      }
      else if (RTN_Name(rtn) == "RaiseFltDivideByZeroException")
      {
          PROTO proto = PROTO_Allocate( PIN_PARG(void), CALLINGSTD_DEFAULT,
                                        "RaiseFltDivideByZeroException", PIN_PARG(ADDRINT), PIN_PARG_END() );
          RTN_ReplaceSignature(rtn, AFUNPTR(OnRaiseFltDivideByZeroException),
              IARG_PROTOTYPE, proto, IARG_THREAD_ID, IARG_FUNCARG_ENTRYPOINT_VALUE, 0, IARG_END);
          PROTO_Free(proto);
      }
  }
  
  /*!
   * INS instrumentation routine.
   */
  VOID Instruction(INS ins, VOID *v)
  {
      static bool instrumented[2] = { false, false };
      if (!instrumented[0])
      {
          instrumented[0] = true;
          INS_InsertCall(ins, IPOINT_BEFORE, (AFUNPTR)OnIns1, IARG_END);
      }
      else if (!instrumented[1])
      {
          instrumented[1] = true;
          INS_InsertCall(ins, IPOINT_BEFORE, (AFUNPTR)OnIns2, IARG_END);
      }
  }
  
  //=================================================================================================
  /*!
   * Start function
   */
  VOID AppStart(VOID *v)
  {
      isGlobalExpected1 = TRUE;
      //Will generate an exception
      ADDRINT *addressPair[2];
      addressPair[0] = 0;
      addressPair[1] = (ADDRINT *)malloc(sizeof(ADDRINT));
      
      ToolRaiseAccessInvalidAddressException(addressPair, 0x12345);
  }
  
  //=================================================================================================
  /*!
   * Fini function
   */
  
  VOID Fini(INT32 code, VOID *v)
  {
      isGlobalExpected3 = TRUE;
      //Will generate an exception
      int j = *(int *)ptr1;
      if(j != 0)
      {
          cout <<  "internal_exception_handler : Unexpected value: " << j << endl;
      }
      else
      {
          cout <<  "internal_exception_handler : Completed successfully" << endl;
      }
  }
  
  //=================================================================================================
  /*!
   * The main procedure of the tool.
   */
  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
      PIN_InitSymbols();
      PIN_Init(argc, argv);
  
      PIN_AddInternalExceptionHandler(GlobalHandler1, NULL);
      PIN_AddInternalExceptionHandler(GlobalHandler2, NULL);
      RTN_AddInstrumentFunction(InstrumentRoutine, 0);
      INS_AddInstrumentFunction(Instruction, 0);
      PIN_AddApplicationStartFunction(AppStart, 0);
      PIN_AddFiniFunction(Fini, 0);
  
      //Reserve memory
      void *p = malloc(1024+PAGESIZE-1);
      if (!p) {
          perror("Couldn't malloc(1024)");
          exit(errno);
      }
  
      /* Align to a multiple of PAGESIZE, assumed to be a power of two */
      ptr1 = (ADDRINT *)(((long) p + PAGESIZE-1) & ~(PAGESIZE-1));
  
  
      /* Mark the buffer read-only. */
      if (mprotect((void *)ptr1, 1024, PROT_NONE)) 
      {
          perror("Couldn't mprotect");
          exit(-1);
      }
  
      p = malloc(1024+PAGESIZE-1);
      if (!p) {
          perror("Couldn't malloc(1024)");
          exit(errno);
      }
  
      /* Align to a multiple of PAGESIZE, assumed to be a power of two */
      ptr2 = (ADDRINT *)(((long) p + PAGESIZE-1) & ~(PAGESIZE-1));
  
  
      /* Mark the buffer read-only. */
      if (mprotect((void *)ptr2, 1024, PROT_READ)) 
      {
          perror("Couldn't mprotect");
          exit(-1);
      }
  
  
      ADDRINT ip = reinterpret_cast < ADDRINT > (&ToolIpAccessInvalidAddressException);
      ADDRINT catchPoint = reinterpret_cast < ADDRINT > (&ToolCatchAccessInvalidAddressException);
      ip2catchMap[ip] = catchPoint;
      
      ip = reinterpret_cast < ADDRINT > (&ToolIpIntDivideByZeroException);
      catchPoint = reinterpret_cast < ADDRINT > (&ToolCatchIntDivideByZeroException);
      ip2catchMap[ip] = catchPoint;
   
  
      PIN_StartProgram();
      return 0;
  }
  