text: /*
  Author : Shay Gal-On, EEMBC
  
  This file is part of  EEMBC(R) and CoreMark(TM), which are Copyright (C) 2009
  All rights reserved.
  
  EEMBC CoreMark Software is a product of EEMBC and is provided under the terms of the
  CoreMark License that is distributed with the official EEMBC COREMARK Software release.
  If you received this EEMBC CoreMark Software without the accompanying CoreMark License,
  you must discontinue use and download the official release from www.coremark.org.
  
  Also, if you are publicly displaying scores generated from the EEMBC CoreMark software,
  make sure that you are in compliance with Run and Reporting rules specified in the accompanying readme.txt file.
  
  EEMBC
  4354 Town Center Blvd. Suite 114-200
  El Dorado Hills, CA, 95762
  */
  
  #include "coremark.h"
  //#define CORE_DEBUG 1
  /*
  Topic: Description
  	Benchmark using a linked list.
  
  	Linked list is a common data structure used in many applications.
  
  	For our purposes, this will excercise the memory units of the processor.
  	In particular, usage of the list pointers to find and alter data.
  
  	We are not using Malloc since some platforms do not support this library.
  
  	Instead, the memory block being passed in is used to create a list,
  	and the benchmark takes care not to add more items then can be
  	accomodated by the memory block. The porting layer will make sure
  	that we have a valid memory block.
  
  	All operations are done in place, without using any extra memory.
  
  	The list itself contains list pointers and pointers to data items.
  	Data items contain the following:
  
  	idx - An index that captures the initial order of the list.
  	data - Variable data initialized based on the input parameters. The 16b are divided as follows:
  	o Upper 8b are backup of original data.
  	o Bit 7 indicates if the lower 7 bits are to be used as is or calculated.
  	o Bits 0-2 indicate type of operation to perform to get a 7b value.
  	o Bits 3-6 provide input for the operation.
  
  */
  
  /* local functions */
  
  list_head *core_list_find(list_head *list,list_data *info);
  list_head *core_list_reverse(list_head *list);
  list_head *core_list_remove(list_head *item);
  list_head *core_list_undo_remove(list_head *item_removed, list_head *item_modified);
  list_head *core_list_insert_new(list_head *insert_point
  	, list_data *info, list_head **memblock, list_data **datablock
  	, list_head *memblock_end, list_data *datablock_end);
  typedef ee_s32(*list_cmp)(list_data *a, list_data *b, core_results *res);
  list_head *core_list_mergesort(list_head *list, list_cmp cmp, core_results *res);
  
  ee_s16 calc_func(ee_s16 *pdata, core_results *res) {
  	ee_s16 data=*pdata;
  	ee_s16 retval;
  	ee_u8 optype=(data>>7) & 1; /* bit 7 indicates if the function result has been cached */
  	if (optype) /* if cached, use cache */
  		return (data & 0x007f);
  	else { /* otherwise calculate and cache the result */
  		ee_s16 flag=data & 0x7; /* bits 0-2 is type of function to perform */
  		ee_s16 dtype=((data>>3) & 0xf); /* bits 3-6 is specific data for the operation */
  		dtype |= dtype << 4; /* replicate the lower 4 bits to get an 8b value */
  		switch (flag) {
  			case 0:
  				if (dtype<0x22) /* set min period for bit corruption */
  					dtype=0x22;
  				retval=core_bench_state(res->size,res->memblock[3],res->seed1,res->seed2,dtype,res->crc);
  				if (res->crcstate==0)
  					res->crcstate=retval;
  				break;
  			case 1:
  				retval=core_bench_matrix(&(res->mat),dtype,res->crc);
  				if (res->crcmatrix==0)
  					res->crcmatrix=retval;
  				break;
  			default:
  				retval=data;
  				break;
  		}
  		res->crc=crcu16(retval,res->crc);
  		retval &= 0x007f;
  		*pdata = (data & 0xff00) | 0x0080 | retval; /* cache the result */
  		return retval;
  	}
  }
  /* Function: cmp_complex
  	Compare the data item in a list cell.
  
  	Can be used by mergesort.
  */
  ee_s32 cmp_complex(list_data *a, list_data *b, core_results *res) {
  	ee_s16 val1=calc_func(&(a->data16),res);
  	ee_s16 val2=calc_func(&(b->data16),res);
  	return val1 - val2;
  }
  
  /* Function: cmp_idx
  	Compare the idx item in a list cell, and regen the data.
  
  	Can be used by mergesort.
  */
  ee_s32 cmp_idx(list_data *a, list_data *b, core_results *res) {
  	if (res==NULL) {
  		a->data16 = (a->data16 & 0xff00) | (0x00ff & (a->data16>>8));
  		b->data16 = (b->data16 & 0xff00) | (0x00ff & (b->data16>>8));
  	}
  	return a->idx - b->idx;
  }
  
  void copy_info(list_data *to,list_data *from) {
  	to->data16=from->data16;
  	to->idx=from->idx;
  }
  
  /* Benchmark for linked list:
  	- Try to find multiple data items.
  	- List sort
  	- Operate on data from list (crc)
  	- Single remove/reinsert
  	* At the end of this function, the list is back to original state
  */
  ee_u16 core_bench_list(core_results *res, ee_s16 finder_idx) {
  	ee_u16 retval=0;
  	ee_u16 found=0,missed=0;
  	list_head *list=res->list;
  	ee_s16 find_num=res->seed3;
  	list_head *this_find;
  	list_head *finder, *remover;
  	list_data info;
  	ee_s16 i;
  
  	info.idx=finder_idx;
  	/* find <find_num> values in the list, and change the list each time (reverse and cache if value found) */
  	for (i=0; i<find_num; i++) {
  		info.data16= (i & 0xff) ;
  		this_find=core_list_find(list,&info);
  		list=core_list_reverse(list);
  		if (this_find==NULL) {
  			missed++;
  			retval+=(list->next->info->data16 >> 8) & 1;
  		}
  		else {
  			found++;
  			if (this_find->info->data16 & 0x1) /* use found value */
  				retval+=(this_find->info->data16 >> 9) & 1;
  			/* and cache next item at the head of the list (if any) */
  			if (this_find->next != NULL) {
  				finder = this_find->next;
  				this_find->next = finder->next;
  				finder->next=list->next;
  				list->next=finder;
  			}
  		}
  		if (info.idx>=0)
  			info.idx++;
  #if CORE_DEBUG
  	printf("List find %d: [%d,%d,%d]\n",i,retval,missed,found);
  #endif
  	}
  	retval+=found*4-missed;
  	/* sort the list by data content and remove one item*/
  	if (finder_idx>0)
  		list=core_list_mergesort(list,cmp_complex,res);
  	remover=core_list_remove(list->next);
  	/* CRC data content of list from location of index N forward, and then undo remove */
  	finder=core_list_find(list,&info);
  	if (!finder)
  		finder=list->next;
  	while (finder) {
  		retval=crc16(list->info->data16,retval);
  		finder=finder->next;
  	}
  #if CORE_DEBUG
  	printf("List sort 1: %04x\n",retval);
  #endif
  	remover=core_list_undo_remove(remover,list->next);
  	/* sort the list by index, in effect returning the list to original state */
  	list=core_list_mergesort(list,cmp_idx,NULL);
  	/* CRC data content of list */
  	finder=list->next;
  	while (finder) {
  		retval=crc16(list->info->data16,retval);
  		finder=finder->next;
  	}
  #if CORE_DEBUG
  	printf("List sort 2: %04x\n",retval);
  #endif
  	return retval;
  }
  /* Function: core_list_init
  	Initialize list with data.
  
  	Parameters:
  	blksize - Size of memory to be initialized.
  	memblock - Pointer to memory block.
  	seed - 	Actual values chosen depend on the seed parameter.
  		The seed parameter MUST be supplied from a source that cannot be determined at compile time
  
  	Returns:
  	Pointer to the head of the list.
  
  */
  list_head *core_list_init(ee_u32 blksize, list_head *memblock, ee_s16 seed) {
  	/* calculated pointers for the list */
  	ee_u32 per_item=16+sizeof(struct list_data_s);
  	ee_u32 size=(blksize/per_item)-2; /* to accomodate systems with 64b pointers, and make sure same code is executed, set max list elements */
  	list_head *memblock_end=memblock+size;
  	list_data *datablock=(list_data *)(memblock_end);
  	list_data *datablock_end=datablock+size;
  	/* some useful variables */
  	ee_u32 i;
  	list_head *finder,*list=memblock;
  	list_data info;
  
  	/* create a fake items for the list head and tail */
  	list->next=NULL;
  	list->info=datablock;
  	list->info->idx=0x0000;
  	list->info->data16=(ee_s16)0x8080;
  	memblock++;
  	datablock++;
  	info.idx=0x7fff;
  	info.data16=(ee_s16)0xffff;
  	core_list_insert_new(list,&info,&memblock,&datablock,memblock_end,datablock_end);
  
  	/* then insert size items */
  	for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
  		ee_u16 datpat=((ee_u16)(seed^i) & 0xf);
  		ee_u16 dat=(datpat<<3) | (i&0x7); /* alternate between algorithms */
  		info.data16=(dat<<8) | dat;		/* fill the data with actual data and upper bits with rebuild value */
  		core_list_insert_new(list,&info,&memblock,&datablock,memblock_end,datablock_end);
  	}
  	/* and now index the list so we know initial seed order of the list */
  	finder=list->next;
  	i=1;
  	while (finder->next!=NULL) {
  		if (i<size/5) /* first 20% of the list in order */
  			finder->info->idx=i++;
  		else {
  			ee_u16 pat=(ee_u16)(i++ ^ seed); /* get a pseudo random number */
  			finder->info->idx=0x3fff & (((i & 0x07) << 8) | pat); /* make sure the mixed items end up after the ones in sequence */
  		}
  		finder=finder->next;
  	}
  	list = core_list_mergesort(list,cmp_idx,NULL);
  #if CORE_DEBUG
  	printf("Initialized list:\n");
  	finder=list;
  	while (finder) {
  		printf("[%04x,%04x]",finder->info->idx,(ee_u16)finder->info->data16);
  		finder=finder->next;
  	}
  	printf("\n");
  #endif
  	return list;
  }
  
  /* Function: core_list_insert
  	Insert an item to the list
  
  	Parameters:
  	insert_point - where to insert the item.
  	info - data for the cell.
  	memblock - pointer for the list header
  	datablock - pointer for the list data
  	memblock_end - end of region for list headers
  	datablock_end - end of region for list data
  
  	Returns:
  	Pointer to new item.
  */
  list_head *core_list_insert_new(list_head *insert_point, list_data *info, list_head **memblock, list_data **datablock
  	, list_head *memblock_end, list_data *datablock_end) {
  	list_head *newitem;
  
  	if ((*memblock+1) >= memblock_end)
  		return NULL;
  	if ((*datablock+1) >= datablock_end)
  		return NULL;
  
  	newitem=*memblock;
  	(*memblock)++;
  	newitem->next=insert_point->next;
  	insert_point->next=newitem;
  
  	newitem->info=*datablock;
  	(*datablock)++;
  	copy_info(newitem->info,info);
  
  	return newitem;
  }
  
  /* Function: core_list_remove
  	Remove an item from the list.
  
  	Operation:
  	For a singly linked list, remove by copying the data from the next item
  	over to the current cell, and unlinking the next item.
  
  	Note:
  	since there is always a fake item at the end of the list, no need to check for NULL.
  
  	Returns:
  	Removed item.
  */
  list_head *core_list_remove(list_head *item) {
  	list_data *tmp;
  	list_head *ret=item->next;
  	/* swap data pointers */
  	tmp=item->info;
  	item->info=ret->info;
  	ret->info=tmp;
  	/* and eliminate item */
  	item->next=item->next->next;
  	ret->next=NULL;
  	return ret;
  }
  
  /* Function: core_list_undo_remove
  	Undo a remove operation.
  
  	Operation:
  	Since we want each iteration of the benchmark to be exactly the same,
  	we need to be able to undo a remove.
  	Link the removed item back into the list, and switch the info items.
  
  	Parameters:
  	item_removed - Return value from the <core_list_remove>
  	item_modified - List item that was modified during <core_list_remove>
  
  	Returns:
  	The item that was linked back to the list.
  
  */
  list_head *core_list_undo_remove(list_head *item_removed, list_head *item_modified) {
  	list_data *tmp;
  	/* swap data pointers */
  	tmp=item_removed->info;
  	item_removed->info=item_modified->info;
  	item_modified->info=tmp;
  	/* and insert item */
  	item_removed->next=item_modified->next;
  	item_modified->next=item_removed;
  	return item_removed;
  }
  
  /* Function: core_list_find
  	Find an item in the list
  
  	Operation:
  	Find an item by idx (if not 0) or specific data value
  
  	Parameters:
  	list - list head
  	info - idx or data to find
  
  	Returns:
  	Found item, or NULL if not found.
  */
  list_head *core_list_find(list_head *list,list_data *info) {
  	if (info->idx>=0) {
  		while (list && (list->info->idx != info->idx))
  			list=list->next;
  		return list;
  	} else {
  		while (list && ((list->info->data16 & 0xff) != info->data16))
  			list=list->next;
  		return list;
  	}
  }
  /* Function: core_list_reverse
  	Reverse a list
  
  	Operation:
  	Rearrange the pointers so the list is reversed.
  
  	Parameters:
  	list - list head
  	info - idx or data to find
  
  	Returns:
  	Found item, or NULL if not found.
  */
  
  list_head *core_list_reverse(list_head *list) {
  	list_head *next=NULL, *tmp;
  	while (list) {
  		tmp=list->next;
  		list->next=next;
  		next=list;
  		list=tmp;
  	}
  	return next;
  }
  /* Function: core_list_mergesort
  	Sort the list in place without recursion.
  
  	Description:
  	Use mergesort, as for linked list this is a realistic solution.
  	Also, since this is aimed at embedded, care was taken to use iterative rather then recursive algorithm.
  	The sort can either return the list to original order (by idx) ,
  	or use the data item to invoke other other algorithms and change the order of the list.
  
  	Parameters:
  	list - list to be sorted.
  	cmp - cmp function to use
  
  	Returns:
  	New head of the list.
  	Note:
  	We have a special header for the list that will always be first,
  	but the algorithm could theoretically modify where the list starts.
  
   */
  list_head *core_list_mergesort(list_head *list, list_cmp cmp, core_results *res) {
      list_head *p, *q, *e, *tail;
      ee_s32 insize, nmerges, psize, qsize, i;
  
      insize = 1;
  
      while (1) {
          p = list;
          list = NULL;
          tail = NULL;
  
          nmerges = 0;  /* count number of merges we do in this pass */
  
          while (p) {
              nmerges++;  /* there exists a merge to be done */
              /* step `insize' places along from p */
              q = p;
              psize = 0;
              for (i = 0; i < insize; i++) {
                  psize++;
  			    q = q->next;
                  if (!q) break;
              }
  
              /* if q hasn't fallen off end, we have two lists to merge */
              qsize = insize;
  
              /* now we have two lists; merge them */
              while (psize > 0 || (qsize > 0 && q)) {
  
  				/* decide whether next element of merge comes from p or q */
  				if (psize == 0) {
  				    /* p is empty; e must come from q. */
  				    e = q; q = q->next; qsize--;
  				} else if (qsize == 0 || !q) {
  				    /* q is empty; e must come from p. */
  				    e = p; p = p->next; psize--;
  				} else if (cmp(p->info,q->info,res) <= 0) {
  				    /* First element of p is lower (or same); e must come from p. */
  				    e = p; p = p->next; psize--;
  				} else {
  				    /* First element of q is lower; e must come from q. */
  				    e = q; q = q->next; qsize--;
  				}
  
  		        /* add the next element to the merged list */
  				if (tail) {
  				    tail->next = e;
  				} else {
  				    list = e;
  				}
  				tail = e;
  	        }
  
  			/* now p has stepped `insize' places along, and q has too */
  			p = q;
          }
  
  	    tail->next = NULL;
  
          /* If we have done only one merge, we're finished. */
          if (nmerges <= 1)   /* allow for nmerges==0, the empty list case */
              return list;
  
          /* Otherwise repeat, merging lists twice the size */
          insize *= 2;
      }
  #if COMPILER_REQUIRES_SORT_RETURN
  	return list;
  #endif
  }
  