text: import os
  import sys
  import json
  from typing import List
  
  Environ = os._Environ
  
  
  def load_cups_from_vcap_services(name: str='calc-env',
                                   env: Environ=os.environ) -> None:
      '''
      Detects if VCAP_SERVICES exists in the environment; if so, parses
      it and imports all the credentials from the given custom
      user-provided service (CUPS) as strings into the environment.
  
      For more details on CUPS, see:
  
      https://docs.cloudfoundry.org/devguide/services/user-provided.html
      '''
  
      if 'VCAP_SERVICES' not in env:
          return
  
      vcap = json.loads(env['VCAP_SERVICES'])
  
      for entry in vcap.get('user-provided', []):
          if entry['name'] == name:
              for key, value in entry['credentials'].items():
                  env[key] = value
  
  
  def load_redis_url_from_vcap_services(name: str,
                                        env: Environ=os.environ) -> None:
      '''
      Detects if a redis32 service instance with the given name
      is present in VCAP_SERVICES.
      If it is, then it creates a URL for the instance and sets env['REDIS_URL']
      to that URL. If not, it just returns and does nothing.
      '''
  
      if 'VCAP_SERVICES' not in env:
          return
  
      vcap = json.loads(env['VCAP_SERVICES'])
  
      for entry in vcap.get('redis32', []):
          if entry['name'] == name:
              creds = entry['credentials']
              url = 'redis://:{password}@{hostname}:{port}'.format(
                  password=creds['password'],
                  hostname=creds['hostname'],
                  port=creds['port']
              )
              env['REDIS_URL'] = url
              return
  
  
  def is_running_tests(argv: List[str]=sys.argv) -> bool:
      '''
      Returns whether or not we're running tests.
      '''
  
      basename = os.path.basename(argv[0])
      first_arg = argv[1] if len(argv) > 1 else None
  
      if basename == 'manage.py' and first_arg == 'test':
          return True
      if basename == 'py.test' or basename == 'pytest':
          return True
  
      return False
  