text: // Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
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  //
  // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
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  //
  //     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  //     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
  // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
  // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
  // distribution.
  //     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
  // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
  // this software without specific prior written permission.
  //
  // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
  // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
  // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
  // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  
  // Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
  //
  // This file tests the internal utilities.
  
  #include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h"
  
  #include <stdlib.h>
  
  #include <cstdint>
  #include <map>
  #include <memory>
  #include <sstream>
  #include <string>
  #include <vector>
  
  #include "gmock/gmock.h"
  #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
  #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
  #include "gtest/gtest.h"
  
  // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
  // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
  // included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
  // prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
  // their code.
  #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
  #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
  #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
  
  #if GTEST_OS_CYGWIN
  #include <sys/types.h>  // For ssize_t. NOLINT
  #endif
  
  namespace proto2 {
  class Message;
  }  // namespace proto2
  
  namespace testing {
  namespace internal {
  
  namespace {
  
  TEST(JoinAsKeyValueTupleTest, JoinsEmptyTuple) {
    EXPECT_EQ("", JoinAsKeyValueTuple({}, Strings()));
  }
  
  TEST(JoinAsKeyValueTupleTest, JoinsOneTuple) {
    EXPECT_EQ("(a: 1)", JoinAsKeyValueTuple({"a"}, {"1"}));
  }
  
  TEST(JoinAsKeyValueTupleTest, JoinsTwoTuple) {
    EXPECT_EQ("(a: 1, b: 2)", JoinAsKeyValueTuple({"a", "b"}, {"1", "2"}));
  }
  
  TEST(JoinAsKeyValueTupleTest, JoinsTenTuple) {
    EXPECT_EQ(
        "(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4, e: 5, f: 6, g: 7, h: 8, i: 9, j: 10)",
        JoinAsKeyValueTuple({"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j"},
                            {"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10"}));
  }
  
  TEST(ConvertIdentifierNameToWordsTest, WorksWhenNameContainsNoWord) {
    EXPECT_EQ("", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(""));
    EXPECT_EQ("", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("_"));
    EXPECT_EQ("", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("__"));
  }
  
  TEST(ConvertIdentifierNameToWordsTest, WorksWhenNameContainsDigits) {
    EXPECT_EQ("1", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("_1"));
    EXPECT_EQ("2", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("2_"));
    EXPECT_EQ("34", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("_34_"));
    EXPECT_EQ("34 56", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("_34_56"));
  }
  
  TEST(ConvertIdentifierNameToWordsTest, WorksWhenNameContainsCamelCaseWords) {
    EXPECT_EQ("a big word", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("ABigWord"));
    EXPECT_EQ("foo bar", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("FooBar"));
    EXPECT_EQ("foo", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("Foo_"));
    EXPECT_EQ("foo bar", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("_Foo_Bar_"));
    EXPECT_EQ("foo and bar", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("_Foo__And_Bar"));
  }
  
  TEST(ConvertIdentifierNameToWordsTest, WorksWhenNameContains_SeparatedWords) {
    EXPECT_EQ("foo bar", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("foo_bar"));
    EXPECT_EQ("foo", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("_foo_"));
    EXPECT_EQ("foo bar", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("_foo_bar_"));
    EXPECT_EQ("foo and bar", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("_foo__and_bar"));
  }
  
  TEST(ConvertIdentifierNameToWordsTest, WorksWhenNameIsMixture) {
    EXPECT_EQ("foo bar 123", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("Foo_bar123"));
    EXPECT_EQ("chapter 11 section 1",
              ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("_Chapter11Section_1_"));
  }
  
  TEST(GetRawPointerTest, WorksForSmartPointers) {
    const char* const raw_p1 = new const char('a');  // NOLINT
    const std::unique_ptr<const char> p1(raw_p1);
    EXPECT_EQ(raw_p1, GetRawPointer(p1));
    double* const raw_p2 = new double(2.5);  // NOLINT
    const std::shared_ptr<double> p2(raw_p2);
    EXPECT_EQ(raw_p2, GetRawPointer(p2));
  }
  
  TEST(GetRawPointerTest, WorksForRawPointers) {
    int* p = nullptr;
    EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetRawPointer(p));
    int n = 1;
    EXPECT_EQ(&n, GetRawPointer(&n));
  }
  
  TEST(GetRawPointerTest, WorksForStdReferenceWrapper) {
    int n = 1;
    EXPECT_EQ(&n, GetRawPointer(std::ref(n)));
    EXPECT_EQ(&n, GetRawPointer(std::cref(n)));
  }
  
  // Tests KindOf<T>.
  
  class Base {};
  class Derived : public Base {};
  
  TEST(KindOfTest, Bool) {
    EXPECT_EQ(kBool, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(bool));  // NOLINT
  }
  
  TEST(KindOfTest, Integer) {
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(char));                // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(signed char));         // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(unsigned char));       // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(short));               // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(unsigned short));      // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(int));                 // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(unsigned int));        // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(long));                // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(unsigned long));       // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(long long));           // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(unsigned long long));  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(wchar_t));             // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(size_t));              // NOLINT
  #if GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN
    // ssize_t is not defined on Windows and possibly some other OSes.
    EXPECT_EQ(kInteger, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(ssize_t));  // NOLINT
  #endif
  }
  
  TEST(KindOfTest, FloatingPoint) {
    EXPECT_EQ(kFloatingPoint, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(float));        // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kFloatingPoint, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(double));       // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kFloatingPoint, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(long double));  // NOLINT
  }
  
  TEST(KindOfTest, Other) {
    EXPECT_EQ(kOther, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(void*));   // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kOther, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(char**));  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(kOther, GMOCK_KIND_OF_(Base));    // NOLINT
  }
  
  // Tests LosslessArithmeticConvertible<T, U>.
  
  TEST(LosslessArithmeticConvertibleTest, BoolToBool) {
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<bool, bool>::value));
  }
  
  TEST(LosslessArithmeticConvertibleTest, BoolToInteger) {
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<bool, char>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<bool, int>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE(
        (LosslessArithmeticConvertible<bool, unsigned long>::value));  // NOLINT
  }
  
  TEST(LosslessArithmeticConvertibleTest, BoolToFloatingPoint) {
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<bool, float>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<bool, double>::value));
  }
  
  TEST(LosslessArithmeticConvertibleTest, IntegerToBool) {
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<unsigned char, bool>::value));
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<int, bool>::value));
  }
  
  TEST(LosslessArithmeticConvertibleTest, IntegerToInteger) {
    // Unsigned => larger signed is fine.
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<unsigned char, int>::value));
  
    // Unsigned => larger unsigned is fine.
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<unsigned short,
                                               uint64_t>::value));  // NOLINT
  
    // Signed => unsigned is not fine.
    EXPECT_FALSE(
        (LosslessArithmeticConvertible<short, uint64_t>::value));  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<signed char,
                                                unsigned int>::value));  // NOLINT
  
    // Same size and same signedness: fine too.
    EXPECT_TRUE(
        (LosslessArithmeticConvertible<unsigned char, unsigned char>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<int, int>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<wchar_t, wchar_t>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<unsigned long,
                                               unsigned long>::value));  // NOLINT
  
    // Same size, different signedness: not fine.
    EXPECT_FALSE(
        (LosslessArithmeticConvertible<unsigned char, signed char>::value));
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<int, unsigned int>::value));
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<uint64_t, int64_t>::value));
  
    // Larger size => smaller size is not fine.
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<long, char>::value));  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<int, signed char>::value));
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<int64_t, unsigned int>::value));
  }
  
  TEST(LosslessArithmeticConvertibleTest, IntegerToFloatingPoint) {
    // Integers cannot be losslessly converted to floating-points, as
    // the format of the latter is implementation-defined.
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<char, float>::value));
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<int, double>::value));
    EXPECT_FALSE(
        (LosslessArithmeticConvertible<short, long double>::value));  // NOLINT
  }
  
  TEST(LosslessArithmeticConvertibleTest, FloatingPointToBool) {
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<float, bool>::value));
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<double, bool>::value));
  }
  
  TEST(LosslessArithmeticConvertibleTest, FloatingPointToInteger) {
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<float, long>::value));  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<double, int64_t>::value));
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<long double, int>::value));
  }
  
  TEST(LosslessArithmeticConvertibleTest, FloatingPointToFloatingPoint) {
    // Smaller size => larger size is fine.
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<float, double>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<float, long double>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<double, long double>::value));
  
    // Same size: fine.
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<float, float>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<double, double>::value));
  
    // Larger size => smaller size is not fine.
    EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<double, float>::value));
    GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
    if (sizeof(double) == sizeof(long double)) {  // NOLINT
      GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
      // In some implementations (e.g. MSVC), double and long double
      // have the same size.
      EXPECT_TRUE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<long double, double>::value));
    } else {
      EXPECT_FALSE((LosslessArithmeticConvertible<long double, double>::value));
    }
  }
  
  // Tests the TupleMatches() template function.
  
  TEST(TupleMatchesTest, WorksForSize0) {
    std::tuple<> matchers;
    std::tuple<> values;
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(TupleMatches(matchers, values));
  }
  
  TEST(TupleMatchesTest, WorksForSize1) {
    std::tuple<Matcher<int>> matchers(Eq(1));
    std::tuple<int> values1(1), values2(2);
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(TupleMatches(matchers, values1));
    EXPECT_FALSE(TupleMatches(matchers, values2));
  }
  
  TEST(TupleMatchesTest, WorksForSize2) {
    std::tuple<Matcher<int>, Matcher<char>> matchers(Eq(1), Eq('a'));
    std::tuple<int, char> values1(1, 'a'), values2(1, 'b'), values3(2, 'a'),
        values4(2, 'b');
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(TupleMatches(matchers, values1));
    EXPECT_FALSE(TupleMatches(matchers, values2));
    EXPECT_FALSE(TupleMatches(matchers, values3));
    EXPECT_FALSE(TupleMatches(matchers, values4));
  }
  
  TEST(TupleMatchesTest, WorksForSize5) {
    std::tuple<Matcher<int>, Matcher<char>, Matcher<bool>,
               Matcher<long>,  // NOLINT
               Matcher<std::string>>
        matchers(Eq(1), Eq('a'), Eq(true), Eq(2L), Eq("hi"));
    std::tuple<int, char, bool, long, std::string>  // NOLINT
        values1(1, 'a', true, 2L, "hi"), values2(1, 'a', true, 2L, "hello"),
        values3(2, 'a', true, 2L, "hi");
  
    EXPECT_TRUE(TupleMatches(matchers, values1));
    EXPECT_FALSE(TupleMatches(matchers, values2));
    EXPECT_FALSE(TupleMatches(matchers, values3));
  }
  
  // Tests that Assert(true, ...) succeeds.
  TEST(AssertTest, SucceedsOnTrue) {
    Assert(true, __FILE__, __LINE__, "This should succeed.");
    Assert(true, __FILE__, __LINE__);  // This should succeed too.
  }
  
  // Tests that Assert(false, ...) generates a fatal failure.
  TEST(AssertTest, FailsFatallyOnFalse) {
    EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
        { Assert(false, __FILE__, __LINE__, "This should fail."); }, "");
  
    EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({ Assert(false, __FILE__, __LINE__); }, "");
  }
  
  // Tests that Expect(true, ...) succeeds.
  TEST(ExpectTest, SucceedsOnTrue) {
    Expect(true, __FILE__, __LINE__, "This should succeed.");
    Expect(true, __FILE__, __LINE__);  // This should succeed too.
  }
  
  // Tests that Expect(false, ...) generates a non-fatal failure.
  TEST(ExpectTest, FailsNonfatallyOnFalse) {
    EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
        {  // NOLINT
          Expect(false, __FILE__, __LINE__, "This should fail.");
        },
        "This should fail");
  
    EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
        {  // NOLINT
          Expect(false, __FILE__, __LINE__);
        },
        "Expectation failed");
  }
  
  // Tests LogIsVisible().
  
  class LogIsVisibleTest : public ::testing::Test {
   protected:
    void SetUp() override { original_verbose_ = GMOCK_FLAG_GET(verbose); }
  
    void TearDown() override { GMOCK_FLAG_SET(verbose, original_verbose_); }
  
    std::string original_verbose_;
  };
  
  TEST_F(LogIsVisibleTest, AlwaysReturnsTrueIfVerbosityIsInfo) {
    GMOCK_FLAG_SET(verbose, kInfoVerbosity);
    EXPECT_TRUE(LogIsVisible(kInfo));
    EXPECT_TRUE(LogIsVisible(kWarning));
  }
  
  TEST_F(LogIsVisibleTest, AlwaysReturnsFalseIfVerbosityIsError) {
    GMOCK_FLAG_SET(verbose, kErrorVerbosity);
    EXPECT_FALSE(LogIsVisible(kInfo));
    EXPECT_FALSE(LogIsVisible(kWarning));
  }
  
  TEST_F(LogIsVisibleTest, WorksWhenVerbosityIsWarning) {
    GMOCK_FLAG_SET(verbose, kWarningVerbosity);
    EXPECT_FALSE(LogIsVisible(kInfo));
    EXPECT_TRUE(LogIsVisible(kWarning));
  }
  
  #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
  
  // Tests the Log() function.
  
  // Verifies that Log() behaves correctly for the given verbosity level
  // and log severity.
  void TestLogWithSeverity(const std::string& verbosity, LogSeverity severity,
                           bool should_print) {
    const std::string old_flag = GMOCK_FLAG_GET(verbose);
    GMOCK_FLAG_SET(verbose, verbosity);
    CaptureStdout();
    Log(severity, "Test log.\n", 0);
    if (should_print) {
      EXPECT_THAT(
          GetCapturedStdout().c_str(),
          ContainsRegex(severity == kWarning
                            ? "^\nGMOCK WARNING:\nTest log\\.\nStack trace:\n"
                            : "^\nTest log\\.\nStack trace:\n"));
    } else {
      EXPECT_STREQ("", GetCapturedStdout().c_str());
    }
    GMOCK_FLAG_SET(verbose, old_flag);
  }
  
  // Tests that when the stack_frames_to_skip parameter is negative,
  // Log() doesn't include the stack trace in the output.
  TEST(LogTest, NoStackTraceWhenStackFramesToSkipIsNegative) {
    const std::string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG_GET(verbose);
    GMOCK_FLAG_SET(verbose, kInfoVerbosity);
    CaptureStdout();
    Log(kInfo, "Test log.\n", -1);
    EXPECT_STREQ("\nTest log.\n", GetCapturedStdout().c_str());
    GMOCK_FLAG_SET(verbose, saved_flag);
  }
  
  struct MockStackTraceGetter : testing::internal::OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
    std::string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) override {
      return (testing::Message() << max_depth << "::" << skip_count << "\n")
          .GetString();
    }
    void UponLeavingGTest() override {}
  };
  
  // Tests that in opt mode, a positive stack_frames_to_skip argument is
  // treated as 0.
  TEST(LogTest, NoSkippingStackFrameInOptMode) {
    MockStackTraceGetter* mock_os_stack_trace_getter = new MockStackTraceGetter;
    GetUnitTestImpl()->set_os_stack_trace_getter(mock_os_stack_trace_getter);
  
    CaptureStdout();
    Log(kWarning, "Test log.\n", 100);
    const std::string log = GetCapturedStdout();
  
    std::string expected_trace =
        (testing::Message() << GTEST_FLAG_GET(stack_trace_depth) << "::")
            .GetString();
    std::string expected_message =
        "\nGMOCK WARNING:\n"
        "Test log.\n"
        "Stack trace:\n" +
        expected_trace;
    EXPECT_THAT(log, HasSubstr(expected_message));
    int skip_count = atoi(log.substr(expected_message.size()).c_str());
  
  #if defined(NDEBUG)
    // In opt mode, no stack frame should be skipped.
    const int expected_skip_count = 0;
  #else
    // In dbg mode, the stack frames should be skipped.
    const int expected_skip_count = 100;
  #endif
  
    // Note that each inner implementation layer will +1 the number to remove
    // itself from the trace. This means that the value is a little higher than
    // expected, but close enough.
    EXPECT_THAT(skip_count,
                AllOf(Ge(expected_skip_count), Le(expected_skip_count + 10)));
  
    // Restores the default OS stack trace getter.
    GetUnitTestImpl()->set_os_stack_trace_getter(nullptr);
  }
  
  // Tests that all logs are printed when the value of the
  // --gmock_verbose flag is "info".
  TEST(LogTest, AllLogsArePrintedWhenVerbosityIsInfo) {
    TestLogWithSeverity(kInfoVerbosity, kInfo, true);
    TestLogWithSeverity(kInfoVerbosity, kWarning, true);
  }
  
  // Tests that only warnings are printed when the value of the
  // --gmock_verbose flag is "warning".
  TEST(LogTest, OnlyWarningsArePrintedWhenVerbosityIsWarning) {
    TestLogWithSeverity(kWarningVerbosity, kInfo, false);
    TestLogWithSeverity(kWarningVerbosity, kWarning, true);
  }
  
  // Tests that no logs are printed when the value of the
  // --gmock_verbose flag is "error".
  TEST(LogTest, NoLogsArePrintedWhenVerbosityIsError) {
    TestLogWithSeverity(kErrorVerbosity, kInfo, false);
    TestLogWithSeverity(kErrorVerbosity, kWarning, false);
  }
  
  // Tests that only warnings are printed when the value of the
  // --gmock_verbose flag is invalid.
  TEST(LogTest, OnlyWarningsArePrintedWhenVerbosityIsInvalid) {
    TestLogWithSeverity("invalid", kInfo, false);
    TestLogWithSeverity("invalid", kWarning, true);
  }
  
  // Verifies that Log() behaves correctly for the given verbosity level
  // and log severity.
  std::string GrabOutput(void (*logger)(), const char* verbosity) {
    const std::string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG_GET(verbose);
    GMOCK_FLAG_SET(verbose, verbosity);
    CaptureStdout();
    logger();
    GMOCK_FLAG_SET(verbose, saved_flag);
    return GetCapturedStdout();
  }
  
  class DummyMock {
   public:
    MOCK_METHOD0(TestMethod, void());
    MOCK_METHOD1(TestMethodArg, void(int dummy));
  };
  
  void ExpectCallLogger() {
    DummyMock mock;
    EXPECT_CALL(mock, TestMethod());
    mock.TestMethod();
  }
  
  // Verifies that EXPECT_CALL logs if the --gmock_verbose flag is set to "info".
  TEST(ExpectCallTest, LogsWhenVerbosityIsInfo) {
    EXPECT_THAT(std::string(GrabOutput(ExpectCallLogger, kInfoVerbosity)),
                HasSubstr("EXPECT_CALL(mock, TestMethod())"));
  }
  
  // Verifies that EXPECT_CALL doesn't log
  // if the --gmock_verbose flag is set to "warning".
  TEST(ExpectCallTest, DoesNotLogWhenVerbosityIsWarning) {
    EXPECT_STREQ("", GrabOutput(ExpectCallLogger, kWarningVerbosity).c_str());
  }
  
  // Verifies that EXPECT_CALL doesn't log
  // if the --gmock_verbose flag is set to "error".
  TEST(ExpectCallTest, DoesNotLogWhenVerbosityIsError) {
    EXPECT_STREQ("", GrabOutput(ExpectCallLogger, kErrorVerbosity).c_str());
  }
  
  void OnCallLogger() {
    DummyMock mock;
    ON_CALL(mock, TestMethod());
  }
  
  // Verifies that ON_CALL logs if the --gmock_verbose flag is set to "info".
  TEST(OnCallTest, LogsWhenVerbosityIsInfo) {
    EXPECT_THAT(std::string(GrabOutput(OnCallLogger, kInfoVerbosity)),
                HasSubstr("ON_CALL(mock, TestMethod())"));
  }
  
  // Verifies that ON_CALL doesn't log
  // if the --gmock_verbose flag is set to "warning".
  TEST(OnCallTest, DoesNotLogWhenVerbosityIsWarning) {
    EXPECT_STREQ("", GrabOutput(OnCallLogger, kWarningVerbosity).c_str());
  }
  
  // Verifies that ON_CALL doesn't log if
  // the --gmock_verbose flag is set to "error".
  TEST(OnCallTest, DoesNotLogWhenVerbosityIsError) {
    EXPECT_STREQ("", GrabOutput(OnCallLogger, kErrorVerbosity).c_str());
  }
  
  void OnCallAnyArgumentLogger() {
    DummyMock mock;
    ON_CALL(mock, TestMethodArg(_));
  }
  
  // Verifies that ON_CALL prints provided _ argument.
  TEST(OnCallTest, LogsAnythingArgument) {
    EXPECT_THAT(std::string(GrabOutput(OnCallAnyArgumentLogger, kInfoVerbosity)),
                HasSubstr("ON_CALL(mock, TestMethodArg(_)"));
  }
  
  #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
  
  // Tests StlContainerView.
  
  TEST(StlContainerViewTest, WorksForStlContainer) {
    StaticAssertTypeEq<std::vector<int>,
                       StlContainerView<std::vector<int>>::type>();
    StaticAssertTypeEq<const std::vector<double>&,
                       StlContainerView<std::vector<double>>::const_reference>();
  
    typedef std::vector<char> Chars;
    Chars v1;
    const Chars& v2(StlContainerView<Chars>::ConstReference(v1));
    EXPECT_EQ(&v1, &v2);
  
    v1.push_back('a');
    Chars v3 = StlContainerView<Chars>::Copy(v1);
    EXPECT_THAT(v3, Eq(v3));
  }
  
  TEST(StlContainerViewTest, WorksForStaticNativeArray) {
    StaticAssertTypeEq<NativeArray<int>, StlContainerView<int[3]>::type>();
    StaticAssertTypeEq<NativeArray<double>,
                       StlContainerView<const double[4]>::type>();
    StaticAssertTypeEq<NativeArray<char[3]>,
                       StlContainerView<const char[2][3]>::type>();
  
    StaticAssertTypeEq<const NativeArray<int>,
                       StlContainerView<int[2]>::const_reference>();
  
    int a1[3] = {0, 1, 2};
    NativeArray<int> a2 = StlContainerView<int[3]>::ConstReference(a1);
    EXPECT_EQ(3U, a2.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(a1, a2.begin());
  
    const NativeArray<int> a3 = StlContainerView<int[3]>::Copy(a1);
    ASSERT_EQ(3U, a3.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, a3.begin()[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(1, a3.begin()[1]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, a3.begin()[2]);
  
    // Makes sure a1 and a3 aren't aliases.
    a1[0] = 3;
    EXPECT_EQ(0, a3.begin()[0]);
  }
  
  TEST(StlContainerViewTest, WorksForDynamicNativeArray) {
    StaticAssertTypeEq<NativeArray<int>,
                       StlContainerView<std::tuple<const int*, size_t>>::type>();
    StaticAssertTypeEq<
        NativeArray<double>,
        StlContainerView<std::tuple<std::shared_ptr<double>, int>>::type>();
  
    StaticAssertTypeEq<
        const NativeArray<int>,
        StlContainerView<std::tuple<const int*, int>>::const_reference>();
  
    int a1[3] = {0, 1, 2};
    const int* const p1 = a1;
    NativeArray<int> a2 =
        StlContainerView<std::tuple<const int*, int>>::ConstReference(
            std::make_tuple(p1, 3));
    EXPECT_EQ(3U, a2.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(a1, a2.begin());
  
    const NativeArray<int> a3 = StlContainerView<std::tuple<int*, size_t>>::Copy(
        std::make_tuple(static_cast<int*>(a1), 3));
    ASSERT_EQ(3U, a3.size());
    EXPECT_EQ(0, a3.begin()[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(1, a3.begin()[1]);
    EXPECT_EQ(2, a3.begin()[2]);
  
    // Makes sure a1 and a3 aren't aliases.
    a1[0] = 3;
    EXPECT_EQ(0, a3.begin()[0]);
  }
  
  // Tests the Function template struct.
  
  TEST(FunctionTest, Nullary) {
    typedef Function<int()> F;  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, F::ArgumentCount);
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int, F::Result>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<std::tuple<>, F::ArgumentTuple>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<std::tuple<>, F::ArgumentMatcherTuple>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<void(), F::MakeResultVoid>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<IgnoredValue(), F::MakeResultIgnoredValue>::value));
  }
  
  TEST(FunctionTest, Unary) {
    typedef Function<int(bool)> F;  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(1u, F::ArgumentCount);
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int, F::Result>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<bool, F::Arg<0>::type>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<std::tuple<bool>, F::ArgumentTuple>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((
        std::is_same<std::tuple<Matcher<bool>>, F::ArgumentMatcherTuple>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<void(bool), F::MakeResultVoid>::value));  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<IgnoredValue(bool),                       // NOLINT
                              F::MakeResultIgnoredValue>::value));
  }
  
  TEST(FunctionTest, Binary) {
    typedef Function<int(bool, const long&)> F;  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(2u, F::ArgumentCount);
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int, F::Result>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<bool, F::Arg<0>::type>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<const long&, F::Arg<1>::type>::value));  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<std::tuple<bool, const long&>,           // NOLINT
                              F::ArgumentTuple>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE(
        (std::is_same<std::tuple<Matcher<bool>, Matcher<const long&>>,  // NOLINT
                      F::ArgumentMatcherTuple>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<void(bool, const long&),  // NOLINT
                              F::MakeResultVoid>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<IgnoredValue(bool, const long&),  // NOLINT
                              F::MakeResultIgnoredValue>::value));
  }
  
  TEST(FunctionTest, LongArgumentList) {
    typedef Function<char(bool, int, char*, int&, const long&)> F;  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(5u, F::ArgumentCount);
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<char, F::Result>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<bool, F::Arg<0>::type>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int, F::Arg<1>::type>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<char*, F::Arg<2>::type>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int&, F::Arg<3>::type>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<const long&, F::Arg<4>::type>::value));  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_TRUE(
        (std::is_same<std::tuple<bool, int, char*, int&, const long&>,  // NOLINT
                      F::ArgumentTuple>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE(
        (std::is_same<
            std::tuple<Matcher<bool>, Matcher<int>, Matcher<char*>, Matcher<int&>,
                       Matcher<const long&>>,  // NOLINT
            F::ArgumentMatcherTuple>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE(
        (std::is_same<void(bool, int, char*, int&, const long&),  // NOLINT
                      F::MakeResultVoid>::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((
        std::is_same<IgnoredValue(bool, int, char*, int&, const long&),  // NOLINT
                     F::MakeResultIgnoredValue>::value));
  }
  
  TEST(Base64Unescape, InvalidString) {
    std::string unescaped;
    EXPECT_FALSE(Base64Unescape("(invalid)", &unescaped));
  }
  
  TEST(Base64Unescape, ShortString) {
    std::string unescaped;
    EXPECT_TRUE(Base64Unescape("SGVsbG8gd29ybGQh", &unescaped));
    EXPECT_EQ("Hello world!", unescaped);
  }
  
  TEST(Base64Unescape, ShortStringWithPadding) {
    std::string unescaped;
    EXPECT_TRUE(Base64Unescape("SGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=", &unescaped));
    EXPECT_EQ("Hello world", unescaped);
  }
  
  TEST(Base64Unescape, ShortStringWithoutPadding) {
    std::string unescaped;
    EXPECT_TRUE(Base64Unescape("SGVsbG8gd29ybGQ", &unescaped));
    EXPECT_EQ("Hello world", unescaped);
  }
  
  TEST(Base64Unescape, LongStringWithWhiteSpaces) {
    std::string escaped =
        R"(TWFuIGlzIGRpc3Rpbmd1aXNoZWQsIG5vdCBvbmx5IGJ5IGhpcyByZWFzb24sIGJ1dCBieSB0aGlz
    IHNpbmd1bGFyIHBhc3Npb24gZnJvbSBvdGhlciBhbmltYWxzLCB3aGljaCBpcyBhIGx1c3Qgb2Yg
    dGhlIG1pbmQsIHRoYXQgYnkgYSBwZXJzZXZlcmFuY2Ugb2YgZGVsaWdodCBpbiB0aGUgY29udGlu
    dWVkIGFuZCBpbmRlZmF0aWdhYmxlIGdlbmVyYXRpb24gb2Yga25vd2xlZGdlLCBleGNlZWRzIHRo
    ZSBzaG9ydCB2ZWhlbWVuY2Ugb2YgYW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZS4=)";
    std::string expected =
        "Man is distinguished, not only by his reason, but by this singular "
        "passion from other animals, which is a lust of the mind, that by a "
        "perseverance of delight in the continued and indefatigable generation "
        "of knowledge, exceeds the short vehemence of any carnal pleasure.";
    std::string unescaped;
    EXPECT_TRUE(Base64Unescape(escaped, &unescaped));
    EXPECT_EQ(expected, unescaped);
  }
  
  }  // namespace
  }  // namespace internal
  }  // namespace testing
  