text: // © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
  // License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
  /*
   *******************************************************************************
   * Copyright (C) 2014-2016, International Business Machines Corporation and others.
   * All Rights Reserved.
   *******************************************************************************
   */
  
  #ifndef REGION_H
  #define REGION_H
  
  /**
   * \file
   * \brief C++ API: Region classes (territory containment)
   */
  
  #include "unicode/utypes.h"
  
  #if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API
  
  #if !UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING
  
  #include "unicode/uregion.h"
  #include "unicode/uobject.h"
  #include "unicode/uniset.h"
  #include "unicode/unistr.h"
  #include "unicode/strenum.h"
  
  U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
  
  /**
   * <code>Region</code> is the class representing a Unicode Region Code, also known as a
   * Unicode Region Subtag, which is defined based upon the BCP 47 standard. We often think of
   * "regions" as "countries" when defining the characteristics of a locale.  Region codes There are different
   * types of region codes that are important to distinguish.
   * <p>
   *  Macroregion - A code for a "macro geographical (continental) region, geographical sub-region, or
   *  selected economic and other grouping" as defined in
   *  UN M.49 (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm).
   *  These are typically 3-digit codes, but contain some 2-letter codes, such as the LDML code QO
   *  added for Outlying Oceania.  Not all UNM.49 codes are defined in LDML, but most of them are.
   *  Macroregions are represented in ICU by one of three region types: WORLD ( region code 001 ),
   *  CONTINENTS ( regions contained directly by WORLD ), and SUBCONTINENTS ( things contained directly
   *  by a continent ).
   *  <p>
   *  TERRITORY - A Region that is not a Macroregion. These are typically codes for countries, but also
   *  include areas that are not separate countries, such as the code "AQ" for Antarctica or the code
   *  "HK" for Hong Kong (SAR China). Overseas dependencies of countries may or may not have separate
   *  codes. The codes are typically 2-letter codes aligned with the ISO 3166 standard, but BCP47 allows
   *  for the use of 3-digit codes in the future.
   *  <p>
   *  UNKNOWN - The code ZZ is defined by Unicode LDML for use to indicate that the Region is unknown,
   *  or that the value supplied as a region was invalid.
   *  <p>
   *  DEPRECATED - Region codes that have been defined in the past but are no longer in modern usage,
   *  usually due to a country splitting into multiple territories or changing its name.
   *  <p>
   *  GROUPING - A widely understood grouping of territories that has a well defined membership such
   *  that a region code has been assigned for it.  Some of these are UNM.49 codes that do't fall into
   *  the world/continent/sub-continent hierarchy, while others are just well known groupings that have
   *  their own region code. Region "EU" (European Union) is one such region code that is a grouping.
   *  Groupings will never be returned by the getContainingRegion() API, since a different type of region
   *  ( WORLD, CONTINENT, or SUBCONTINENT ) will always be the containing region instead.
   *
   * The Region class is not intended for public subclassing.
   *
   * @author       John Emmons
   * @stable ICU 51
   */
  
  class U_I18N_API Region : public UObject {
  public:
      /**
       * Destructor.
       * @stable ICU 51
       */
      virtual ~Region();
  
      /**
       * Returns true if the two regions are equal.
       * @stable ICU 51
       */
      UBool operator==(const Region &that) const;
  
      /**
       * Returns true if the two regions are NOT equal; that is, if operator ==() returns false.
       * @stable ICU 51
       */
      UBool operator!=(const Region &that) const;
  
      /**
       * Returns a pointer to a Region using the given region code.  The region code can be either 2-letter ISO code,
       * 3-letter ISO code,  UNM.49 numeric code, or other valid Unicode Region Code as defined by the LDML specification.
       * The identifier will be canonicalized internally using the supplemental metadata as defined in the CLDR.
       * If the region code is NULL or not recognized, the appropriate error code will be set ( U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR )
       * @stable ICU 51
       */
      static const Region* U_EXPORT2 getInstance(const char *region_code, UErrorCode &status);
  
      /**
       * Returns a pointer to a Region using the given numeric region code. If the numeric region code is not recognized,
       * the appropriate error code will be set ( U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR ).
       * @stable ICU 51
       */
      static const Region* U_EXPORT2 getInstance (int32_t code, UErrorCode &status);
  
      /**
       * Returns an enumeration over the IDs of all known regions that match the given type.
       * @stable ICU 55
       */
      static StringEnumeration* U_EXPORT2 getAvailable(URegionType type, UErrorCode &status);
  
      /**
       * Returns a pointer to the region that contains this region.  Returns NULL if this region is code "001" (World)
       * or "ZZ" (Unknown region). For example, calling this method with region "IT" (Italy) returns the
       * region "039" (Southern Europe).
       * @stable ICU 51
       */
      const Region* getContainingRegion() const;
  
      /**
       * Return a pointer to the region that geographically contains this region and matches the given type,
       * moving multiple steps up the containment chain if necessary.  Returns NULL if no containing region can be found
       * that matches the given type. Note: The URegionTypes = "URGN_GROUPING", "URGN_DEPRECATED", or "URGN_UNKNOWN"
       * are not appropriate for use in this API. NULL will be returned in this case. For example, calling this method
       * with region "IT" (Italy) for type "URGN_CONTINENT" returns the region "150" ( Europe ).
       * @stable ICU 51
       */
      const Region* getContainingRegion(URegionType type) const;
  
      /**
       * Return an enumeration over the IDs of all the regions that are immediate children of this region in the
       * region hierarchy. These returned regions could be either macro regions, territories, or a mixture of the two,
       * depending on the containment data as defined in CLDR.  This API may return NULL if this region doesn't have
       * any sub-regions. For example, calling this method with region "150" (Europe) returns an enumeration containing
       * the various sub regions of Europe - "039" (Southern Europe) - "151" (Eastern Europe) - "154" (Northern Europe)
       * and "155" (Western Europe).
       * @stable ICU 55
       */
      StringEnumeration* getContainedRegions(UErrorCode &status) const;
  
      /**
       * Returns an enumeration over the IDs of all the regions that are children of this region anywhere in the region
       * hierarchy and match the given type.  This API may return an empty enumeration if this region doesn't have any
       * sub-regions that match the given type. For example, calling this method with region "150" (Europe) and type
       * "URGN_TERRITORY" returns a set containing all the territories in Europe ( "FR" (France) - "IT" (Italy) - "DE" (Germany) etc. )
       * @stable ICU 55
       */
      StringEnumeration* getContainedRegions( URegionType type, UErrorCode &status ) const;
  
      /**
       * Returns true if this region contains the supplied other region anywhere in the region hierarchy.
       * @stable ICU 51
       */
      UBool contains(const Region &other) const;
  
      /**
       * For deprecated regions, return an enumeration over the IDs of the regions that are the preferred replacement
       * regions for this region.  Returns null for a non-deprecated region.  For example, calling this method with region
       * "SU" (Soviet Union) would return a list of the regions containing "RU" (Russia), "AM" (Armenia), "AZ" (Azerbaijan), etc...
       * @stable ICU 55
       */
      StringEnumeration* getPreferredValues(UErrorCode &status) const;
  
      /**
       * Return this region's canonical region code.
       * @stable ICU 51
       */
      const char* getRegionCode() const;
  
      /**
       * Return this region's numeric code.
       * Returns a negative value if the given region does not have a numeric code assigned to it.
       * @stable ICU 51
       */
      int32_t getNumericCode() const;
  
      /**
       * Returns the region type of this region.
       * @stable ICU 51
       */
      URegionType getType() const;
  
  #ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API
      /**
       * Cleans up statically allocated memory.
       * @internal
       */
      static void cleanupRegionData();
  #endif  /* U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API */
  
  private:
      char id[4];
      UnicodeString idStr;
      int32_t code;
      URegionType fType;
      Region *containingRegion;
      UVector *containedRegions;
      UVector *preferredValues;
  
      /**
       * Default Constructor. Internal - use factory methods only.
       */
      Region();
  
  
      /*
       * Initializes the region data from the ICU resource bundles.  The region data
       * contains the basic relationships such as which regions are known, what the numeric
       * codes are, any known aliases, and the territory containment data.
       *
       * If the region data has already loaded, then this method simply returns without doing
       * anything meaningful.
       */
  
      static void U_CALLCONV loadRegionData(UErrorCode &status);
  
  };
  
  U_NAMESPACE_END
  
  #endif /* #if !UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING */
  
  #endif /* U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API */
  
  #endif // REGION_H
  
  //eof
  