text: /*
   * Copyright (c) 2010, Swedish Institute of Computer Science.
   * All rights reserved.
   *
   * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   * are met:
   * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   * 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
   *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
   *    without specific prior written permission.
   *
   * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   * SUCH DAMAGE.
   *
   * This file is part of the Contiki operating system.
   *
   */
  
  /**
   * \file
   *         ICMP6 I/O for RPL control messages.
   *
   * \author Joakim Eriksson <joakime@sics.se>, Nicolas Tsiftes <nvt@sics.se>
   * Contributors: Niclas Finne <nfi@sics.se>, Joel Hoglund <joel@sics.se>,
   *               Mathieu Pouillot <m.pouillot@watteco.com>
   *               George Oikonomou <oikonomou@users.sourceforge.net> (multicast)
   */
  
  /**
   * \addtogroup uip6
   * @{
   */
  
  #include "net/ip/tcpip.h"
  #include "net/ip/uip.h"
  #include "net/ipv6/uip-ds6.h"
  #include "net/ipv6/uip-nd6.h"
  #include "net/ipv6/uip-icmp6.h"
  #include "net/rpl/rpl-private.h"
  #include "net/packetbuf.h"
  #include "net/ipv6/multicast/uip-mcast6.h"
  
  #include <limits.h>
  #include <string.h>
  
  #define DEBUG DEBUG_NONE
  
  #include "net/ip/uip-debug.h"
  
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  #define RPL_DIO_GROUNDED                 0x80
  #define RPL_DIO_MOP_SHIFT                3
  #define RPL_DIO_MOP_MASK                 0x38
  #define RPL_DIO_PREFERENCE_MASK          0x07
  
  #define UIP_IP_BUF       ((struct uip_ip_hdr *)&uip_buf[UIP_LLH_LEN])
  #define UIP_ICMP_BUF     ((struct uip_icmp_hdr *)&uip_buf[uip_l2_l3_hdr_len])
  #define UIP_ICMP_PAYLOAD ((unsigned char *)&uip_buf[uip_l2_l3_icmp_hdr_len])
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  static void dis_input(void);
  static void dio_input(void);
  static void dao_input(void);
  static void dao_ack_input(void);
  
  /* some debug callbacks useful when debugging RPL networks */
  #ifdef RPL_DEBUG_DIO_INPUT
  void RPL_DEBUG_DIO_INPUT(uip_ipaddr_t *, rpl_dio_t *);
  #endif
  
  #ifdef RPL_DEBUG_DAO_OUTPUT
  void RPL_DEBUG_DAO_OUTPUT(rpl_parent_t *);
  #endif
  
  static uint8_t dao_sequence = RPL_LOLLIPOP_INIT;
  
  extern rpl_of_t RPL_OF;
  
  #if RPL_CONF_MULTICAST
  static uip_mcast6_route_t *mcast_group;
  #endif
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  /* Initialise RPL ICMPv6 message handlers */
  UIP_ICMP6_HANDLER(dis_handler, ICMP6_RPL, RPL_CODE_DIS, dis_input);
  UIP_ICMP6_HANDLER(dio_handler, ICMP6_RPL, RPL_CODE_DIO, dio_input);
  UIP_ICMP6_HANDLER(dao_handler, ICMP6_RPL, RPL_CODE_DAO, dao_input);
  UIP_ICMP6_HANDLER(dao_ack_handler, ICMP6_RPL, RPL_CODE_DAO_ACK, dao_ack_input);
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  static int
  get_global_addr(uip_ipaddr_t *addr)
  {
    int i;
    int state;
  
    for(i = 0; i < UIP_DS6_ADDR_NB; i++) {
      state = uip_ds6_if.addr_list[i].state;
      if(uip_ds6_if.addr_list[i].isused &&
         (state == ADDR_TENTATIVE || state == ADDR_PREFERRED)) {
        if(!uip_is_addr_link_local(&uip_ds6_if.addr_list[i].ipaddr)) {
          memcpy(addr, &uip_ds6_if.addr_list[i].ipaddr, sizeof(uip_ipaddr_t));
          return 1;
        }
      }
    }
    return 0;
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  static uint32_t
  get32(uint8_t *buffer, int pos)
  {
    return (uint32_t)buffer[pos] << 24 | (uint32_t)buffer[pos + 1] << 16 |
           (uint32_t)buffer[pos + 2] << 8 | buffer[pos + 3];
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  static void
  set32(uint8_t *buffer, int pos, uint32_t value)
  {
    buffer[pos++] = value >> 24;
    buffer[pos++] = (value >> 16) & 0xff;
    buffer[pos++] = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
    buffer[pos++] = value & 0xff;
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  static uint16_t
  get16(uint8_t *buffer, int pos)
  {
    return (uint16_t)buffer[pos] << 8 | buffer[pos + 1];
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  static void
  set16(uint8_t *buffer, int pos, uint16_t value)
  {
    buffer[pos++] = value >> 8;
    buffer[pos++] = value & 0xff;
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  static void
  dis_input(void)
  {
    rpl_instance_t *instance;
    rpl_instance_t *end;
  
    /* DAG Information Solicitation */
    PRINTF("RPL: Received a DIS from ");
    PRINT6ADDR(&UIP_IP_BUF->srcipaddr);
    PRINTF("\n");
  
    for(instance = &instance_table[0], end = instance + RPL_MAX_INSTANCES;
        instance < end; ++instance) {
      if(instance->used == 1) {
  #if RPL_LEAF_ONLY
        if(!uip_is_addr_mcast(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr)) {
  	PRINTF("RPL: LEAF ONLY Multicast DIS will NOT reset DIO timer\n");
  #else /* !RPL_LEAF_ONLY */
        if(uip_is_addr_mcast(&UIP_IP_BUF->destipaddr)) {
          PRINTF("RPL: Multicast DIS => reset DIO timer\n");
          rpl_reset_dio_timer(instance);
        } else {
  #endif /* !RPL_LEAF_ONLY */
          PRINTF("RPL: Unicast DIS, reply to sender\n");
          dio_output(instance, &UIP_IP_BUF->srcipaddr);
        }
      }
    }
    uip_len = 0;
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  void
  dis_output(uip_ipaddr_t *addr)
  {
    unsigned char *buffer;
    uip_ipaddr_t tmpaddr;
  
    /*
     * DAG Information Solicitation  - 2 bytes reserved
     *      0                   1                   2
     *      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
     *     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     *     |     Flags     |   Reserved    |   Option(s)...
     *     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     */
  
    buffer = UIP_ICMP_PAYLOAD;
    buffer[0] = buffer[1] = 0;
  
    if(addr == NULL) {
      uip_create_linklocal_rplnodes_mcast(&tmpaddr);
      addr = &tmpaddr;
    }
  
    PRINTF("RPL: Sending a DIS to ");
    PRINT6ADDR(addr);
    PRINTF("\n");
  
    uip_icmp6_send(addr, ICMP6_RPL, RPL_CODE_DIS, 2);
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  static void
  dio_input(void)
  {
    unsigned char *buffer;
    uint8_t buffer_length;
    rpl_dio_t dio;
    uint8_t subopt_type;
    int i;
    int len;
    uip_ipaddr_t from;
    uip_ds6_nbr_t *nbr;
  
    memset(&dio, 0, sizeof(dio));
  
    /* Set default values in case the DIO configuration option is missing. */
    dio.dag_intdoubl = RPL_DIO_INTERVAL_DOUBLINGS;
    dio.dag_intmin = RPL_DIO_INTERVAL_MIN;
    dio.dag_redund = RPL_DIO_REDUNDANCY;
    dio.dag_min_hoprankinc = RPL_MIN_HOPRANKINC;
    dio.dag_max_rankinc = RPL_MAX_RANKINC;
    dio.ocp = RPL_OF.ocp;
    dio.default_lifetime = RPL_DEFAULT_LIFETIME;
    dio.lifetime_unit = RPL_DEFAULT_LIFETIME_UNIT;
  
    uip_ipaddr_copy(&from, &UIP_IP_BUF->srcipaddr);
  
    /* DAG Information Object */
    PRINTF("RPL: Received a DIO from ");
    PRINT6ADDR(&from);
    PRINTF("\n");
  
    if((nbr = uip_ds6_nbr_lookup(&from)) == NULL) {
      if((nbr = uip_ds6_nbr_add(&from, (uip_lladdr_t *)
                                packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER),
                                0, NBR_REACHABLE)) != NULL) {
        /* set reachable timer */
        stimer_set(&nbr->reachable, UIP_ND6_REACHABLE_TIME / 1000);
        PRINTF("RPL: Neighbor added to neighbor cache ");
        PRINT6ADDR(&from);
        PRINTF(", ");
        PRINTLLADDR((uip_lladdr_t *)packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER));
        PRINTF("\n");
      } else {
        PRINTF("RPL: Out of memory, dropping DIO from ");
        PRINT6ADDR(&from);
        PRINTF(", ");
        PRINTLLADDR((uip_lladdr_t *)packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER));
        PRINTF("\n");
        return;
      }
    } else {
      PRINTF("RPL: Neighbor already in neighbor cache\n");
    }
  
    buffer_length = uip_len - uip_l3_icmp_hdr_len;
  
    /* Process the DIO base option. */
    i = 0;
    buffer = UIP_ICMP_PAYLOAD;
  
    dio.instance_id = buffer[i++];
    dio.version = buffer[i++];
    dio.rank = get16(buffer, i);
    i += 2;
  
    PRINTF("RPL: Incoming DIO (id, ver, rank) = (%u,%u,%u)\n",
           (unsigned)dio.instance_id,
           (unsigned)dio.version,
           (unsigned)dio.rank);
  
    dio.grounded = buffer[i] & RPL_DIO_GROUNDED;
    dio.mop = (buffer[i]& RPL_DIO_MOP_MASK) >> RPL_DIO_MOP_SHIFT;
    dio.preference = buffer[i++] & RPL_DIO_PREFERENCE_MASK;
  
    dio.dtsn = buffer[i++];
    /* two reserved bytes */
    i += 2;
  
    memcpy(&dio.dag_id, buffer + i, sizeof(dio.dag_id));
    i += sizeof(dio.dag_id);
  
    PRINTF("RPL: Incoming DIO (dag_id, pref) = (");
    PRINT6ADDR(&dio.dag_id);
    PRINTF(", %u)\n", dio.preference);
  
    /* Check if there are any DIO suboptions. */
    for(; i < buffer_length; i += len) {
      subopt_type = buffer[i];
      if(subopt_type == RPL_OPTION_PAD1) {
        len = 1;
      } else {
        /* Suboption with a two-byte header + payload */
        len = 2 + buffer[i + 1];
      }
  
      if(len + i > buffer_length) {
        PRINTF("RPL: Invalid DIO packet\n");
        RPL_STAT(rpl_stats.malformed_msgs++);
        return;
      }
  
      PRINTF("RPL: DIO option %u, length: %u\n", subopt_type, len - 2);
  
      switch(subopt_type) {
      case RPL_OPTION_DAG_METRIC_CONTAINER:
        if(len < 6) {
          PRINTF("RPL: Invalid DAG MC, len = %d\n", len);
  	RPL_STAT(rpl_stats.malformed_msgs++);
          return;
        }
        dio.mc.type = buffer[i + 2];
        dio.mc.flags = buffer[i + 3] << 1;
        dio.mc.flags |= buffer[i + 4] >> 7;
        dio.mc.aggr = (buffer[i + 4] >> 4) & 0x3;
        dio.mc.prec = buffer[i + 4] & 0xf;
        dio.mc.length = buffer[i + 5];
  
        if(dio.mc.type == RPL_DAG_MC_NONE) {
          /* No metric container: do nothing */
        } else if(dio.mc.type == RPL_DAG_MC_ETX) {
          dio.mc.obj.etx = get16(buffer, i + 6);
  
          PRINTF("RPL: DAG MC: type %u, flags %u, aggr %u, prec %u, length %u, ETX %u\n",
  	       (unsigned)dio.mc.type,
  	       (unsigned)dio.mc.flags,
  	       (unsigned)dio.mc.aggr,
  	       (unsigned)dio.mc.prec,
  	       (unsigned)dio.mc.length,
  	       (unsigned)dio.mc.obj.etx);
        } else if(dio.mc.type == RPL_DAG_MC_ENERGY) {
          dio.mc.obj.energy.flags = buffer[i + 6];
          dio.mc.obj.energy.energy_est = buffer[i + 7];
        } else {
         PRINTF("RPL: Unhandled DAG MC type: %u\n", (unsigned)dio.mc.type);
         return;
        }
        break;
      case RPL_OPTION_ROUTE_INFO:
        if(len < 9) {
          PRINTF("RPL: Invalid destination prefix option, len = %d\n", len);
  	RPL_STAT(rpl_stats.malformed_msgs++);
          return;
        }
  
        /* The flags field includes the preference value. */
        dio.destination_prefix.length = buffer[i + 2];
        dio.destination_prefix.flags = buffer[i + 3];
        dio.destination_prefix.lifetime = get32(buffer, i + 4);
  
        if(((dio.destination_prefix.length + 7) / 8) + 8 <= len &&
           dio.destination_prefix.length <= 128) {
          PRINTF("RPL: Copying destination prefix\n");
          memcpy(&dio.destination_prefix.prefix, &buffer[i + 8],
                 (dio.destination_prefix.length + 7) / 8);
        } else {
          PRINTF("RPL: Invalid route info option, len = %d\n", len);
  	RPL_STAT(rpl_stats.malformed_msgs++);
  	return;
        }
  
        break;
      case RPL_OPTION_DAG_CONF:
        if(len != 16) {
          PRINTF("RPL: Invalid DAG configuration option, len = %d\n", len);
  	RPL_STAT(rpl_stats.malformed_msgs++);
          return;
        }
  
        /* Path control field not yet implemented - at i + 2 */
        dio.dag_intdoubl = buffer[i + 3];
        dio.dag_intmin = buffer[i + 4];
        dio.dag_redund = buffer[i + 5];
        dio.dag_max_rankinc = get16(buffer, i + 6);
        dio.dag_min_hoprankinc = get16(buffer, i + 8);
        dio.ocp = get16(buffer, i + 10);
        /* buffer + 12 is reserved */
        dio.default_lifetime = buffer[i + 13];
        dio.lifetime_unit = get16(buffer, i + 14);
        PRINTF("RPL: DAG conf:dbl=%d, min=%d red=%d maxinc=%d mininc=%d ocp=%d d_l=%u l_u=%u\n",
               dio.dag_intdoubl, dio.dag_intmin, dio.dag_redund,
               dio.dag_max_rankinc, dio.dag_min_hoprankinc, dio.ocp,
               dio.default_lifetime, dio.lifetime_unit);
        break;
      case RPL_OPTION_PREFIX_INFO:
        if(len != 32) {
          PRINTF("RPL: Invalid DAG prefix info, len != 32\n");
  	RPL_STAT(rpl_stats.malformed_msgs++);
          return;
        }
        dio.prefix_info.length = buffer[i + 2];
        dio.prefix_info.flags = buffer[i + 3];
        /* valid lifetime is ingnored for now - at i + 4 */
        /* preferred lifetime stored in lifetime */
        dio.prefix_info.lifetime = get32(buffer, i + 8);
        /* 32-bit reserved at i + 12 */
        PRINTF("RPL: Copying prefix information\n");
        memcpy(&dio.prefix_info.prefix, &buffer[i + 16], 16);
        break;
      default:
        PRINTF("RPL: Unsupported suboption type in DIO: %u\n",
  	(unsigned)subopt_type);
      }
    }
  
  #ifdef RPL_DEBUG_DIO_INPUT
    RPL_DEBUG_DIO_INPUT(&from, &dio);
  #endif
  
    rpl_process_dio(&from, &dio);
  
    uip_len = 0;
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  void
  dio_output(rpl_instance_t *instance, uip_ipaddr_t *uc_addr)
  {
    unsigned char *buffer;
    int pos;
    rpl_dag_t *dag = instance->current_dag;
  #if !RPL_LEAF_ONLY
    uip_ipaddr_t addr;
  #endif /* !RPL_LEAF_ONLY */
  
  #if RPL_LEAF_ONLY
    /* In leaf mode, we only send DIO messages as unicasts in response to
       unicast DIS messages. */
    if(uc_addr == NULL) {
      PRINTF("RPL: LEAF ONLY have multicast addr: skip dio_output\n");
      return;
    }
  #endif /* RPL_LEAF_ONLY */
  
    /* DAG Information Object */
    pos = 0;
  
    buffer = UIP_ICMP_PAYLOAD;
    buffer[pos++] = instance->instance_id;
    buffer[pos++] = dag->version;
  
  #if RPL_LEAF_ONLY
    PRINTF("RPL: LEAF ONLY DIO rank set to INFINITE_RANK\n");
    set16(buffer, pos, INFINITE_RANK);
  #else /* RPL_LEAF_ONLY */
    set16(buffer, pos, dag->rank);
  #endif /* RPL_LEAF_ONLY */
    pos += 2;
  
    buffer[pos] = 0;
    if(dag->grounded) {
      buffer[pos] |= RPL_DIO_GROUNDED;
    }
  
    buffer[pos] |= instance->mop << RPL_DIO_MOP_SHIFT;
    buffer[pos] |= dag->preference & RPL_DIO_PREFERENCE_MASK;
    pos++;
  
    buffer[pos++] = instance->dtsn_out;
  
    if(uc_addr == NULL) {
      /* Request new DAO to refresh route. We do not do this for unicast DIO
       * in order to avoid DAO messages after a DIS-DIO update,
       * or upon unicast DIO probing. */
      RPL_LOLLIPOP_INCREMENT(instance->dtsn_out);
    }
  
    /* reserved 2 bytes */
    buffer[pos++] = 0; /* flags */
    buffer[pos++] = 0; /* reserved */
  
    memcpy(buffer + pos, &dag->dag_id, sizeof(dag->dag_id));
    pos += 16;
  
  #if !RPL_LEAF_ONLY
    if(instance->mc.type != RPL_DAG_MC_NONE) {
      instance->of->update_metric_container(instance);
  
      buffer[pos++] = RPL_OPTION_DAG_METRIC_CONTAINER;
      buffer[pos++] = 6;
      buffer[pos++] = instance->mc.type;
      buffer[pos++] = instance->mc.flags >> 1;
      buffer[pos] = (instance->mc.flags & 1) << 7;
      buffer[pos++] |= (instance->mc.aggr << 4) | instance->mc.prec;
      if(instance->mc.type == RPL_DAG_MC_ETX) {
        buffer[pos++] = 2;
        set16(buffer, pos, instance->mc.obj.etx);
        pos += 2;
      } else if(instance->mc.type == RPL_DAG_MC_ENERGY) {
        buffer[pos++] = 2;
        buffer[pos++] = instance->mc.obj.energy.flags;
        buffer[pos++] = instance->mc.obj.energy.energy_est;
      } else {
        PRINTF("RPL: Unable to send DIO because of unhandled DAG MC type %u\n",
  	(unsigned)instance->mc.type);
        return;
      }
    }
  #endif /* !RPL_LEAF_ONLY */
  
    /* Always add a DAG configuration option. */
    buffer[pos++] = RPL_OPTION_DAG_CONF;
    buffer[pos++] = 14;
    buffer[pos++] = 0; /* No Auth, PCS = 0 */
    buffer[pos++] = instance->dio_intdoubl;
    buffer[pos++] = instance->dio_intmin;
    buffer[pos++] = instance->dio_redundancy;
    set16(buffer, pos, instance->max_rankinc);
    pos += 2;
    set16(buffer, pos, instance->min_hoprankinc);
    pos += 2;
    /* OCP is in the DAG_CONF option */
    set16(buffer, pos, instance->of->ocp);
    pos += 2;
    buffer[pos++] = 0; /* reserved */
    buffer[pos++] = instance->default_lifetime;
    set16(buffer, pos, instance->lifetime_unit);
    pos += 2;
  
    /* Check if we have a prefix to send also. */
    if(dag->prefix_info.length > 0) {
      buffer[pos++] = RPL_OPTION_PREFIX_INFO;
      buffer[pos++] = 30; /* always 30 bytes + 2 long */
      buffer[pos++] = dag->prefix_info.length;
      buffer[pos++] = dag->prefix_info.flags;
      set32(buffer, pos, dag->prefix_info.lifetime);
      pos += 4;
      set32(buffer, pos, dag->prefix_info.lifetime);
      pos += 4;
      memset(&buffer[pos], 0, 4);
      pos += 4;
      memcpy(&buffer[pos], &dag->prefix_info.prefix, 16);
      pos += 16;
      PRINTF("RPL: Sending prefix info in DIO for ");
      PRINT6ADDR(&dag->prefix_info.prefix);
      PRINTF("\n");
    } else {
      PRINTF("RPL: No prefix to announce (len %d)\n",
             dag->prefix_info.length);
    }
  
  #if RPL_LEAF_ONLY
  #if (DEBUG) & DEBUG_PRINT
    if(uc_addr == NULL) {
      PRINTF("RPL: LEAF ONLY sending unicast-DIO from multicast-DIO\n");
    }
  #endif /* DEBUG_PRINT */
    PRINTF("RPL: Sending unicast-DIO with rank %u to ",
        (unsigned)dag->rank);
    PRINT6ADDR(uc_addr);
    PRINTF("\n");
    uip_icmp6_send(uc_addr, ICMP6_RPL, RPL_CODE_DIO, pos);
  #else /* RPL_LEAF_ONLY */
    /* Unicast requests get unicast replies! */
    if(uc_addr == NULL) {
      PRINTF("RPL: Sending a multicast-DIO with rank %u\n",
          (unsigned)instance->current_dag->rank);
      uip_create_linklocal_rplnodes_mcast(&addr);
      uip_icmp6_send(&addr, ICMP6_RPL, RPL_CODE_DIO, pos);
    } else {
      PRINTF("RPL: Sending unicast-DIO with rank %u to ",
          (unsigned)instance->current_dag->rank);
      PRINT6ADDR(uc_addr);
      PRINTF("\n");
      uip_icmp6_send(uc_addr, ICMP6_RPL, RPL_CODE_DIO, pos);
    }
  #endif /* RPL_LEAF_ONLY */
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  static void
  dao_input(void)
  {
    uip_ipaddr_t dao_sender_addr;
    rpl_dag_t *dag;
    rpl_instance_t *instance;
    unsigned char *buffer;
    uint16_t sequence;
    uint8_t instance_id;
    uint8_t lifetime;
    uint8_t prefixlen;
    uint8_t flags;
    uint8_t subopt_type;
    /*
    uint8_t pathcontrol;
    uint8_t pathsequence;
    */
    uip_ipaddr_t prefix;
    uip_ds6_route_t *rep;
    uint8_t buffer_length;
    int pos;
    int len;
    int i;
    int learned_from;
    rpl_parent_t *parent;
    uip_ds6_nbr_t *nbr;
  
    prefixlen = 0;
    parent = NULL;
  
    uip_ipaddr_copy(&dao_sender_addr, &UIP_IP_BUF->srcipaddr);
  
    /* Destination Advertisement Object */
    PRINTF("RPL: Received a DAO from ");
    PRINT6ADDR(&dao_sender_addr);
    PRINTF("\n");
  
    buffer = UIP_ICMP_PAYLOAD;
    buffer_length = uip_len - uip_l3_icmp_hdr_len;
  
    pos = 0;
    instance_id = buffer[pos++];
  
    instance = rpl_get_instance(instance_id);
    if(instance == NULL) {
      PRINTF("RPL: Ignoring a DAO for an unknown RPL instance(%u)\n",
             instance_id);
      return;
    }
  
    lifetime = instance->default_lifetime;
  
    flags = buffer[pos++];
    /* reserved */
    pos++;
    sequence = buffer[pos++];
  
    dag = instance->current_dag;
    /* Is the DAG ID present? */
    if(flags & RPL_DAO_D_FLAG) {
      if(memcmp(&dag->dag_id, &buffer[pos], sizeof(dag->dag_id))) {
        PRINTF("RPL: Ignoring a DAO for a DAG different from ours\n");
        return;
      }
      pos += 16;
    }
  
    learned_from = uip_is_addr_mcast(&dao_sender_addr) ?
                   RPL_ROUTE_FROM_MULTICAST_DAO : RPL_ROUTE_FROM_UNICAST_DAO;
  
    PRINTF("RPL: DAO from %s\n",
           learned_from == RPL_ROUTE_FROM_UNICAST_DAO? "unicast": "multicast");
    if(learned_from == RPL_ROUTE_FROM_UNICAST_DAO) {
      /* Check whether this is a DAO forwarding loop. */
      parent = rpl_find_parent(dag, &dao_sender_addr);
      /* check if this is a new DAO registration with an "illegal" rank */
      /* if we already route to this node it is likely */
      if(parent != NULL &&
         DAG_RANK(parent->rank, instance) < DAG_RANK(dag->rank, instance)) {
        PRINTF("RPL: Loop detected when receiving a unicast DAO from a node with a lower rank! (%u < %u)\n",
            DAG_RANK(parent->rank, instance), DAG_RANK(dag->rank, instance));
        parent->rank = INFINITE_RANK;
        parent->flags |= RPL_PARENT_FLAG_UPDATED;
        return;
      }
  
      /* If we get the DAO from our parent, we also have a loop. */
      if(parent != NULL && parent == dag->preferred_parent) {
        PRINTF("RPL: Loop detected when receiving a unicast DAO from our parent\n");
        parent->rank = INFINITE_RANK;
        parent->flags |= RPL_PARENT_FLAG_UPDATED;
        return;
      }
    }
  
    /* Check if there are any RPL options present. */
    for(i = pos; i < buffer_length; i += len) {
      subopt_type = buffer[i];
      if(subopt_type == RPL_OPTION_PAD1) {
        len = 1;
      } else {
        /* The option consists of a two-byte header and a payload. */
        len = 2 + buffer[i + 1];
      }
  
      switch(subopt_type) {
      case RPL_OPTION_TARGET:
        /* Handle the target option. */
        prefixlen = buffer[i + 3];
        memset(&prefix, 0, sizeof(prefix));
        memcpy(&prefix, buffer + i + 4, (prefixlen + 7) / CHAR_BIT);
        break;
      case RPL_OPTION_TRANSIT:
        /* The path sequence and control are ignored. */
        /*      pathcontrol = buffer[i + 3];
                pathsequence = buffer[i + 4];*/
        lifetime = buffer[i + 5];
        /* The parent address is also ignored. */
        break;
      }
    }
  
    PRINTF("RPL: DAO lifetime: %u, prefix length: %u prefix: ",
            (unsigned)lifetime, (unsigned)prefixlen);
    PRINT6ADDR(&prefix);
    PRINTF("\n");
  
  #if RPL_CONF_MULTICAST
    if(uip_is_addr_mcast_global(&prefix)) {
      mcast_group = uip_mcast6_route_add(&prefix);
      if(mcast_group) {
        mcast_group->dag = dag;
        mcast_group->lifetime = RPL_LIFETIME(instance, lifetime);
      }
      goto fwd_dao;
    }
  #endif
  
    rep = uip_ds6_route_lookup(&prefix);
  
    if(lifetime == RPL_ZERO_LIFETIME) {
      PRINTF("RPL: No-Path DAO received\n");
      /* No-Path DAO received; invoke the route purging routine. */
      if(rep != NULL &&
         rep->state.nopath_received == 0 &&
         rep->length == prefixlen &&
         uip_ds6_route_nexthop(rep) != NULL &&
         uip_ipaddr_cmp(uip_ds6_route_nexthop(rep), &dao_sender_addr)) {
        PRINTF("RPL: Setting expiration timer for prefix ");
        PRINT6ADDR(&prefix);
        PRINTF("\n");
        rep->state.nopath_received = 1;
        rep->state.lifetime = DAO_EXPIRATION_TIMEOUT;
  
        /* We forward the incoming no-path DAO to our parent, if we have
           one. */
        if(dag->preferred_parent != NULL &&
           rpl_get_parent_ipaddr(dag->preferred_parent) != NULL) {
          PRINTF("RPL: Forwarding no-path DAO to parent ");
          PRINT6ADDR(rpl_get_parent_ipaddr(dag->preferred_parent));
          PRINTF("\n");
          uip_icmp6_send(rpl_get_parent_ipaddr(dag->preferred_parent),
                         ICMP6_RPL, RPL_CODE_DAO, buffer_length);
        }
        if(flags & RPL_DAO_K_FLAG) {
          dao_ack_output(instance, &dao_sender_addr, sequence);
        }
      }
      return;
    }
  
    PRINTF("RPL: adding DAO route\n");
  
    if((nbr = uip_ds6_nbr_lookup(&dao_sender_addr)) == NULL) {
      if((nbr = uip_ds6_nbr_add(&dao_sender_addr,
                                (uip_lladdr_t *)packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER),
                                0, NBR_REACHABLE)) != NULL) {
        /* set reachable timer */
        stimer_set(&nbr->reachable, UIP_ND6_REACHABLE_TIME / 1000);
        PRINTF("RPL: Neighbor added to neighbor cache ");
        PRINT6ADDR(&dao_sender_addr);
        PRINTF(", ");
        PRINTLLADDR((uip_lladdr_t *)packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER));
        PRINTF("\n");
      } else {
        PRINTF("RPL: Out of Memory, dropping DAO from ");
        PRINT6ADDR(&dao_sender_addr);
        PRINTF(", ");
        PRINTLLADDR((uip_lladdr_t *)packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER));
        PRINTF("\n");
        return;
      }
    } else {
      PRINTF("RPL: Neighbor already in neighbor cache\n");
    }
  
    rpl_lock_parent(parent);
  
    rep = rpl_add_route(dag, &prefix, prefixlen, &dao_sender_addr);
    if(rep == NULL) {
      RPL_STAT(rpl_stats.mem_overflows++);
      PRINTF("RPL: Could not add a route after receiving a DAO\n");
      return;
    }
  
    rep->state.lifetime = RPL_LIFETIME(instance, lifetime);
    rep->state.learned_from = learned_from;
    rep->state.nopath_received = 0;
  
  #if RPL_CONF_MULTICAST
  fwd_dao:
  #endif
  
    if(learned_from == RPL_ROUTE_FROM_UNICAST_DAO) {
      if(dag->preferred_parent != NULL &&
         rpl_get_parent_ipaddr(dag->preferred_parent) != NULL) {
        PRINTF("RPL: Forwarding DAO to parent ");
        PRINT6ADDR(rpl_get_parent_ipaddr(dag->preferred_parent));
        PRINTF("\n");
        uip_icmp6_send(rpl_get_parent_ipaddr(dag->preferred_parent),
                       ICMP6_RPL, RPL_CODE_DAO, buffer_length);
      }
      if(flags & RPL_DAO_K_FLAG) {
        dao_ack_output(instance, &dao_sender_addr, sequence);
      }
    }
    uip_len = 0;
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  void
  dao_output(rpl_parent_t *parent, uint8_t lifetime)
  {
    /* Destination Advertisement Object */
    uip_ipaddr_t prefix;
  
    if(get_global_addr(&prefix) == 0) {
      PRINTF("RPL: No global address set for this node - suppressing DAO\n");
      return;
    }
  
    /* Sending a DAO with own prefix as target */
    dao_output_target(parent, &prefix, lifetime);
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  void
  dao_output_target(rpl_parent_t *parent, uip_ipaddr_t *prefix, uint8_t lifetime)
  {
    rpl_dag_t *dag;
    rpl_instance_t *instance;
    unsigned char *buffer;
    uint8_t prefixlen;
    int pos;
  
    /* Destination Advertisement Object */
  
    /* If we are in feather mode, we should not send any DAOs */
    if(rpl_get_mode() == RPL_MODE_FEATHER) {
      return;
    }
  
    if(parent == NULL) {
      PRINTF("RPL dao_output_target error parent NULL\n");
      return;
    }
  
    dag = parent->dag;
    if(dag == NULL) {
      PRINTF("RPL dao_output_target error dag NULL\n");
      return;
    }
  
    instance = dag->instance;
  
    if(instance == NULL) {
      PRINTF("RPL dao_output_target error instance NULL\n");
      return;
    }
    if(prefix == NULL) {
      PRINTF("RPL dao_output_target error prefix NULL\n");
      return;
    }
  #ifdef RPL_DEBUG_DAO_OUTPUT
    RPL_DEBUG_DAO_OUTPUT(parent);
  #endif
  
    buffer = UIP_ICMP_PAYLOAD;
  
    RPL_LOLLIPOP_INCREMENT(dao_sequence);
    pos = 0;
  
    buffer[pos++] = instance->instance_id;
    buffer[pos] = 0;
  #if RPL_DAO_SPECIFY_DAG
    buffer[pos] |= RPL_DAO_D_FLAG;
  #endif /* RPL_DAO_SPECIFY_DAG */
  #if RPL_CONF_DAO_ACK
    buffer[pos] |= RPL_DAO_K_FLAG;
  #endif /* RPL_CONF_DAO_ACK */
    ++pos;
    buffer[pos++] = 0; /* reserved */
    buffer[pos++] = dao_sequence;
  #if RPL_DAO_SPECIFY_DAG
    memcpy(buffer + pos, &dag->dag_id, sizeof(dag->dag_id));
    pos+=sizeof(dag->dag_id);
  #endif /* RPL_DAO_SPECIFY_DAG */
  
    /* create target subopt */
    prefixlen = sizeof(*prefix) * CHAR_BIT;
    buffer[pos++] = RPL_OPTION_TARGET;
    buffer[pos++] = 2 + ((prefixlen + 7) / CHAR_BIT);
    buffer[pos++] = 0; /* reserved */
    buffer[pos++] = prefixlen;
    memcpy(buffer + pos, prefix, (prefixlen + 7) / CHAR_BIT);
    pos += ((prefixlen + 7) / CHAR_BIT);
  
    /* Create a transit information sub-option. */
    buffer[pos++] = RPL_OPTION_TRANSIT;
    buffer[pos++] = 4;
    buffer[pos++] = 0; /* flags - ignored */
    buffer[pos++] = 0; /* path control - ignored */
    buffer[pos++] = 0; /* path seq - ignored */
    buffer[pos++] = lifetime;
  
    PRINTF("RPL: Sending DAO with prefix ");
    PRINT6ADDR(prefix);
    PRINTF(" to ");
    PRINT6ADDR(rpl_get_parent_ipaddr(parent));
    PRINTF("\n");
  
    if(rpl_get_parent_ipaddr(parent) != NULL) {
      uip_icmp6_send(rpl_get_parent_ipaddr(parent), ICMP6_RPL, RPL_CODE_DAO, pos);
    }
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  static void
  dao_ack_input(void)
  {
  #if DEBUG
    unsigned char *buffer;
    uint8_t buffer_length;
    uint8_t instance_id;
    uint8_t sequence;
    uint8_t status;
  
    buffer = UIP_ICMP_PAYLOAD;
    buffer_length = uip_len - uip_l3_icmp_hdr_len;
  
    instance_id = buffer[0];
    sequence = buffer[2];
    status = buffer[3];
  
    PRINTF("RPL: Received a DAO ACK with sequence number %d and status %d from ",
      sequence, status);
    PRINT6ADDR(&UIP_IP_BUF->srcipaddr);
    PRINTF("\n");
  #endif /* DEBUG */
    uip_len = 0;
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  void
  dao_ack_output(rpl_instance_t *instance, uip_ipaddr_t *dest, uint8_t sequence)
  {
    unsigned char *buffer;
  
    PRINTF("RPL: Sending a DAO ACK with sequence number %d to ", sequence);
    PRINT6ADDR(dest);
    PRINTF("\n");
  
    buffer = UIP_ICMP_PAYLOAD;
  
    buffer[0] = instance->instance_id;
    buffer[1] = 0;
    buffer[2] = sequence;
    buffer[3] = 0;
  
    uip_icmp6_send(dest, ICMP6_RPL, RPL_CODE_DAO_ACK, 4);
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  void
  rpl_icmp6_register_handlers()
  {
    uip_icmp6_register_input_handler(&dis_handler);
    uip_icmp6_register_input_handler(&dio_handler);
    uip_icmp6_register_input_handler(&dao_handler);
    uip_icmp6_register_input_handler(&dao_ack_handler);
  }
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
  /** @}*/
  