text: //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /*
      This file is part of rippled: https://github.com/ripple/rippled
      Copyright (c) 2012, 2013 Ripple Labs Inc.
  
      Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
      purpose  with  or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
      copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
  
      THE  SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
      WITH  REGARD  TO  THIS  SOFTWARE  INCLUDING  ALL  IMPLIED  WARRANTIES  OF
      MERCHANTABILITY  AND  FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
      ANY  SPECIAL ,  DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
      WHATSOEVER  RESULTING  FROM  LOSS  OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
      ACTION  OF  CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
      OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
  */
  //==============================================================================
  
  
  #include <ripple/basics/contract.h>
  #include <ripple/basics/Log.h>
  #include <ripple/protocol/JsonFields.h>
  #include <ripple/protocol/SystemParameters.h>
  #include <ripple/protocol/STAmount.h>
  #include <ripple/protocol/UintTypes.h>
  #include <ripple/beast/core/LexicalCast.h>
  #include <boost/regex.hpp>
  #include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
  #include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp>
  #include <iterator>
  #include <memory>
  #include <iostream>
  
  namespace ripple {
  
  LocalValue<bool> stAmountCalcSwitchover(true);
  LocalValue<bool> stAmountCalcSwitchover2(true);
  
  using namespace std::chrono_literals;
  const NetClock::time_point STAmountSO::soTime{504640800s};
  
  // Fri Feb 26, 2016 9:00:00pm PST
  const NetClock::time_point STAmountSO::soTime2{509864400s};
  
  static const std::uint64_t tenTo14 = 100000000000000ull;
  static const std::uint64_t tenTo14m1 = tenTo14 - 1;
  static const std::uint64_t tenTo17 = tenTo14 * 1000;
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  static
  std::int64_t
  getSNValue (STAmount const& amount)
  {
      if (!amount.native ())
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("amount is not native!");
  
      auto ret = static_cast<std::int64_t>(amount.mantissa ());
  
      assert (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(ret) == amount.mantissa ());
  
      if (amount.negative ())
          ret = -ret;
  
      return ret;
  }
  
  static
  bool
  areComparable (STAmount const& v1, STAmount const& v2)
  {
      return v1.native() == v2.native() &&
          v1.issue().currency == v2.issue().currency;
  }
  
  STAmount::STAmount(SerialIter& sit, SField const& name)
      : STBase(name)
  {
      std::uint64_t value = sit.get64 ();
  
      // native
      if ((value & cNotNative) == 0)
      {
          // positive
          if ((value & cPosNative) != 0)
          {
              mValue = value & ~cPosNative;
              mOffset = 0;
              mIsNative = true;
              mIsNegative = false;
              return;
          }
  
          // negative
          if (value == 0)
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("negative zero is not canonical");
  
          mValue = value;
          mOffset = 0;
          mIsNative = true;
          mIsNegative = true;
          return;
      }
  
      Issue issue;
      issue.currency.copyFrom (sit.get160 ());
  
      if (isXRP (issue.currency))
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("invalid native currency");
  
      issue.account.copyFrom (sit.get160 ());
  
      if (isXRP (issue.account))
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("invalid native account");
  
      // 10 bits for the offset, sign and "not native" flag
      int offset = static_cast<int>(value >> (64 - 10));
  
      value &= ~ (1023ull << (64 - 10));
  
      if (value)
      {
          bool isNegative = (offset & 256) == 0;
          offset = (offset & 255) - 97; // center the range
  
          if (value < cMinValue ||
              value > cMaxValue ||
              offset < cMinOffset ||
              offset > cMaxOffset)
          {
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("invalid currency value");
          }
  
          mIssue = issue;
          mValue = value;
          mOffset = offset;
          mIsNegative = isNegative;
          canonicalize();
          return;
      }
  
      if (offset != 512)
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("invalid currency value");
  
      mIssue = issue;
      mValue = 0;
      mOffset = 0;
      mIsNegative = false;
      canonicalize();
  }
  
  STAmount::STAmount (SField const& name, Issue const& issue,
          mantissa_type mantissa, exponent_type exponent,
              bool native, bool negative, unchecked)
      : STBase (name)
      , mIssue (issue)
      , mValue (mantissa)
      , mOffset (exponent)
      , mIsNative (native)
      , mIsNegative (negative)
  {
  }
  
  STAmount::STAmount (Issue const& issue,
          mantissa_type mantissa, exponent_type exponent,
              bool native, bool negative, unchecked)
      : mIssue (issue)
      , mValue (mantissa)
      , mOffset (exponent)
      , mIsNative (native)
      , mIsNegative (negative)
  {
  }
  
  
  STAmount::STAmount (SField const& name, Issue const& issue,
          mantissa_type mantissa, exponent_type exponent,
              bool native, bool negative)
      : STBase (name)
      , mIssue (issue)
      , mValue (mantissa)
      , mOffset (exponent)
      , mIsNative (native)
      , mIsNegative (negative)
  {
      canonicalize();
  }
  
  STAmount::STAmount (SField const& name, std::int64_t mantissa)
      : STBase (name)
      , mOffset (0)
      , mIsNative (true)
  {
      set (mantissa);
  }
  
  STAmount::STAmount (SField const& name,
          std::uint64_t mantissa, bool negative)
      : STBase (name)
      , mValue (mantissa)
      , mOffset (0)
      , mIsNative (true)
      , mIsNegative (negative)
  {
  }
  
  STAmount::STAmount (SField const& name, Issue const& issue,
          std::uint64_t mantissa, int exponent, bool negative)
      : STBase (name)
      , mIssue (issue)
      , mValue (mantissa)
      , mOffset (exponent)
      , mIsNegative (negative)
  {
      canonicalize ();
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  STAmount::STAmount (std::uint64_t mantissa, bool negative)
      : mValue (mantissa)
      , mOffset (0)
      , mIsNative (true)
      , mIsNegative (mantissa != 0 && negative)
  {
  }
  
  STAmount::STAmount (Issue const& issue,
      std::uint64_t mantissa, int exponent, bool negative)
      : mIssue (issue)
      , mValue (mantissa)
      , mOffset (exponent)
      , mIsNegative (negative)
  {
      canonicalize ();
  }
  
  STAmount::STAmount (Issue const& issue,
          std::int64_t mantissa, int exponent)
      : mIssue (issue)
      , mOffset (exponent)
  {
      set (mantissa);
      canonicalize ();
  }
  
  STAmount::STAmount (Issue const& issue,
          std::uint32_t mantissa, int exponent, bool negative)
      : STAmount (issue, static_cast<std::uint64_t>(mantissa), exponent, negative)
  {
  }
  
  STAmount::STAmount (Issue const& issue,
          int mantissa, int exponent)
      : STAmount (issue, static_cast<std::int64_t>(mantissa), exponent)
  {
  }
  
  // Legacy support for new-style amounts
  STAmount::STAmount (IOUAmount const& amount, Issue const& issue)
      : mIssue (issue)
      , mOffset (amount.exponent ())
      , mIsNative (false)
      , mIsNegative (amount < beast::zero)
  {
      if (mIsNegative)
          mValue = static_cast<std::uint64_t> (-amount.mantissa ());
      else
          mValue = static_cast<std::uint64_t> (amount.mantissa ());
  
      canonicalize ();
  }
  
  STAmount::STAmount (XRPAmount const& amount)
      : mOffset (0)
      , mIsNative (true)
      , mIsNegative (amount < beast::zero)
  {
      if (mIsNegative)
          mValue = static_cast<std::uint64_t> (-amount.drops ());
      else
          mValue = static_cast<std::uint64_t> (amount.drops ());
  
      canonicalize ();
  }
  
  std::unique_ptr<STAmount>
  STAmount::construct (SerialIter& sit, SField const& name)
  {
      return std::make_unique<STAmount>(sit, name);
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  //
  // Conversion
  //
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  XRPAmount STAmount::xrp () const
  {
      if (!mIsNative)
          Throw<std::logic_error> ("Cannot return non-native STAmount as XRPAmount");
  
      auto drops = static_cast<std::int64_t> (mValue);
  
      if (mIsNegative)
          drops = -drops;
  
      return { drops };
  }
  
  IOUAmount STAmount::iou () const
  {
      if (mIsNative)
          Throw<std::logic_error> ("Cannot return native STAmount as IOUAmount");
  
      auto mantissa = static_cast<std::int64_t> (mValue);
      auto exponent = mOffset;
  
      if (mIsNegative)
          mantissa = -mantissa;
  
      return { mantissa, exponent };
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  //
  // Operators
  //
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  STAmount& STAmount::operator+= (STAmount const& a)
  {
      *this = *this + a;
      return *this;
  }
  
  STAmount& STAmount::operator-= (STAmount const& a)
  {
      *this = *this - a;
      return *this;
  }
  
  STAmount operator+ (STAmount const& v1, STAmount const& v2)
  {
      if (!areComparable (v1, v2))
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("Can't add amounts that are't comparable!");
  
      if (v2 == beast::zero)
          return v1;
  
      if (v1 == beast::zero)
      {
          // Result must be in terms of v1 currency and issuer.
          return { v1.getFName (), v1.issue (),
              v2.mantissa (), v2.exponent (), v2.negative () };
      }
  
      if (v1.native ())
          return { v1.getFName (), getSNValue (v1) + getSNValue (v2) };
  
      int ov1 = v1.exponent (), ov2 = v2.exponent ();
      std::int64_t vv1 = static_cast<std::int64_t>(v1.mantissa ());
      std::int64_t vv2 = static_cast<std::int64_t>(v2.mantissa ());
  
      if (v1.negative ())
          vv1 = -vv1;
  
      if (v2.negative ())
          vv2 = -vv2;
  
      while (ov1 < ov2)
      {
          vv1 /= 10;
          ++ov1;
      }
  
      while (ov2 < ov1)
      {
          vv2 /= 10;
          ++ov2;
      }
  
      // This addition cannot overflow an std::int64_t. It can overflow an
      // STAmount and the constructor will throw.
  
      std::int64_t fv = vv1 + vv2;
  
      if ((fv >= -10) && (fv <= 10))
          return { v1.getFName (), v1.issue () };
  
      if (fv >= 0)
          return STAmount { v1.getFName (), v1.issue (),
              static_cast<std::uint64_t>(fv), ov1, false };
  
      return STAmount { v1.getFName (), v1.issue (),
          static_cast<std::uint64_t>(-fv), ov1, true };
  }
  
  STAmount operator- (STAmount const& v1, STAmount const& v2)
  {
      return v1 + (-v2);
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  std::uint64_t const STAmount::uRateOne = getRate (STAmount (1), STAmount (1));
  
  void
  STAmount::setIssue (Issue const& issue)
  {
      mIssue = std::move(issue);
      mIsNative = isXRP (*this);
  }
  
  // Convert an offer into an index amount so they sort by rate.
  // A taker will take the best, lowest, rate first.
  // (e.g. a taker will prefer pay 1 get 3 over pay 1 get 2.
  // --> offerOut: takerGets: How much the offerer is selling to the taker.
  // -->  offerIn: takerPays: How much the offerer is receiving from the taker.
  // <--    uRate: normalize(offerIn/offerOut)
  //             A lower rate is better for the person taking the order.
  //             The taker gets more for less with a lower rate.
  // Zero is returned if the offer is worthless.
  std::uint64_t
  getRate (STAmount const& offerOut, STAmount const& offerIn)
  {
      if (offerOut == beast::zero)
          return 0;
      try
      {
          STAmount r = divide (offerIn, offerOut, noIssue());
          if (r == beast::zero) // offer is too good
              return 0;
          assert ((r.exponent() >= -100) && (r.exponent() <= 155));
          std::uint64_t ret = r.exponent() + 100;
          return (ret << (64 - 8)) | r.mantissa();
      }
      catch (std::exception const&)
      {
      }
  
      // overflow -- very bad offer
      return 0;
  }
  
  void STAmount::setJson (Json::Value& elem) const
  {
      elem = Json::objectValue;
  
      if (!mIsNative)
      {
          // It is an error for currency or issuer not to be specified for valid
          // json.
          elem[jss::value]      = getText ();
          elem[jss::currency]   = to_string (mIssue.currency);
          elem[jss::issuer]     = to_string (mIssue.account);
      }
      else
      {
          elem = getText ();
      }
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  //
  // STBase
  //
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  std::string
  STAmount::getFullText () const
  {
      std::string ret;
  
      ret.reserve(64);
      ret = getText () + "/" + to_string (mIssue.currency);
  
      if (!mIsNative)
      {
          ret += "/";
  
          if (isXRP (*this))
              ret += "0";
          else if (mIssue.account == noAccount())
              ret += "1";
          else
              ret += to_string (mIssue.account);
      }
  
      return ret;
  }
  
  std::string
  STAmount::getText () const
  {
      // keep full internal accuracy, but make more human friendly if posible
      if (*this == beast::zero)
          return "0";
  
      std::string const raw_value (std::to_string (mValue));
      std::string ret;
  
      if (mIsNegative)
          ret.append (1, '-');
  
      bool const scientific ((mOffset != 0) && ((mOffset < -25) || (mOffset > -5)));
  
      if (mIsNative || scientific)
      {
          ret.append (raw_value);
  
          if (scientific)
          {
              ret.append (1, 'e');
              ret.append (std::to_string (mOffset));
          }
  
          return ret;
      }
  
      assert (mOffset + 43 > 0);
  
      size_t const pad_prefix = 27;
      size_t const pad_suffix = 23;
  
      std::string val;
      val.reserve (raw_value.length () + pad_prefix + pad_suffix);
      val.append (pad_prefix, '0');
      val.append (raw_value);
      val.append (pad_suffix, '0');
  
      size_t const offset (mOffset + 43);
  
      auto pre_from (val.begin ());
      auto const pre_to (val.begin () + offset);
  
      auto const post_from (val.begin () + offset);
      auto post_to (val.end ());
  
      // Crop leading zeroes. Take advantage of the fact that there's always a
      // fixed amount of leading zeroes and skip them.
      if (std::distance (pre_from, pre_to) > pad_prefix)
          pre_from += pad_prefix;
  
      assert (post_to >= post_from);
  
      pre_from = std::find_if (pre_from, pre_to,
          [](char c)
          {
              return c != '0';
          });
  
      // Crop trailing zeroes. Take advantage of the fact that there's always a
      // fixed amount of trailing zeroes and skip them.
      if (std::distance (post_from, post_to) > pad_suffix)
          post_to -= pad_suffix;
  
      assert (post_to >= post_from);
  
      post_to = std::find_if(
          std::make_reverse_iterator (post_to),
          std::make_reverse_iterator (post_from),
          [](char c)
          {
              return c != '0';
          }).base();
  
      // Assemble the output:
      if (pre_from == pre_to)
          ret.append (1, '0');
      else
          ret.append(pre_from, pre_to);
  
      if (post_to != post_from)
      {
          ret.append (1, '.');
          ret.append (post_from, post_to);
      }
  
      return ret;
  }
  
  Json::Value
  STAmount::getJson (int) const
  {
      Json::Value elem;
      setJson (elem);
      return elem;
  }
  
  void
  STAmount::add (Serializer& s) const
  {
      if (mIsNative)
      {
          assert (mOffset == 0);
  
          if (!mIsNegative)
              s.add64 (mValue | cPosNative);
          else
              s.add64 (mValue);
      }
      else
      {
          if (*this == beast::zero)
              s.add64 (cNotNative);
          else if (mIsNegative) // 512 = not native
              s.add64 (mValue | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(mOffset + 512 + 97) << (64 - 10)));
          else // 256 = positive
              s.add64 (mValue | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(mOffset + 512 + 256 + 97) << (64 - 10)));
  
          s.add160 (mIssue.currency);
          s.add160 (mIssue.account);
      }
  }
  
  bool
  STAmount::isEquivalent (const STBase& t) const
  {
      const STAmount* v = dynamic_cast<const STAmount*> (&t);
      return v && (*v == *this);
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  // amount = value * [10 ^ offset]
  // Representation range is 10^80 - 10^(-80).
  // On the wire, high 8 bits are (offset+142), low 56 bits are value.
  //
  // Value is zero if amount is zero, otherwise value is 10^15 to (10^16 - 1)
  // inclusive.
  void STAmount::canonicalize ()
  {
      if (isXRP (*this))
      {
          // native currency amounts should always have an offset of zero
          mIsNative = true;
  
          if (mValue == 0)
          {
              mOffset = 0;
              mIsNegative = false;
              return;
          }
  
          while (mOffset < 0)
          {
              mValue /= 10;
              ++mOffset;
          }
  
          while (mOffset > 0)
          {
              mValue *= 10;
              --mOffset;
          }
  
          if (mValue > cMaxNativeN)
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("Native currency amount out of range");
  
          return;
      }
  
      mIsNative = false;
  
      if (mValue == 0)
      {
          mOffset = -100;
          mIsNegative = false;
          return;
      }
  
      while ((mValue < cMinValue) && (mOffset > cMinOffset))
      {
          mValue *= 10;
          --mOffset;
      }
  
      while (mValue > cMaxValue)
      {
          if (mOffset >= cMaxOffset)
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("value overflow");
  
          mValue /= 10;
          ++mOffset;
      }
  
      if ((mOffset < cMinOffset) || (mValue < cMinValue))
      {
          mValue = 0;
          mIsNegative = false;
          mOffset = -100;
          return;
      }
  
      if (mOffset > cMaxOffset)
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("value overflow");
  
      assert ((mValue == 0) || ((mValue >= cMinValue) && (mValue <= cMaxValue)));
      assert ((mValue == 0) || ((mOffset >= cMinOffset) && (mOffset <= cMaxOffset)));
      assert ((mValue != 0) || (mOffset != -100));
  }
  
  void STAmount::set (std::int64_t v)
  {
      if (v < 0)
      {
          mIsNegative = true;
          mValue = static_cast<std::uint64_t>(-v);
      }
      else
      {
          mIsNegative = false;
          mValue = static_cast<std::uint64_t>(v);
      }
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  STAmount
  amountFromQuality (std::uint64_t rate)
  {
      if (rate == 0)
          return STAmount (noIssue());
  
      std::uint64_t mantissa = rate & ~ (255ull << (64 - 8));
      int exponent = static_cast<int>(rate >> (64 - 8)) - 100;
  
      return STAmount (noIssue(), mantissa, exponent);
  }
  
  STAmount
  amountFromString (Issue const& issue, std::string const& amount)
  {
      static boost::regex const reNumber (
          "^"                       // the beginning of the string
          "([-+]?)"                 // (optional) + or - character
          "(0|[1-9][0-9]*)"         // a number (no leading zeroes, unless 0)
          "(\\.([0-9]+))?"          // (optional) period followed by any number
          "([eE]([+-]?)([0-9]+))?"  // (optional) E, optional + or -, any number
          "$",
          boost::regex_constants::optimize);
  
      boost::smatch match;
  
      if (!boost::regex_match (amount, match, reNumber))
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("Number '" + amount + "' is not valid");
  
      // Match fields:
      //   0 = whole input
      //   1 = sign
      //   2 = integer portion
      //   3 = whole fraction (with '.')
      //   4 = fraction (without '.')
      //   5 = whole exponent (with 'e')
      //   6 = exponent sign
      //   7 = exponent number
  
      // CHECKME: Why 32? Shouldn't this be 16?
      if ((match[2].length () + match[4].length ()) > 32)
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("Number '" + amount + "' is overlong");
  
      bool negative = (match[1].matched && (match[1] == "-"));
  
      // Can't specify XRP using fractional representation
      if (isXRP(issue) && match[3].matched)
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("XRP must be specified in integral drops.");
  
      std::uint64_t mantissa;
      int exponent;
  
      if (!match[4].matched) // integer only
      {
          mantissa = beast::lexicalCastThrow <std::uint64_t> (std::string (match[2]));
          exponent = 0;
      }
      else
      {
          // integer and fraction
          mantissa = beast::lexicalCastThrow <std::uint64_t> (match[2] + match[4]);
          exponent = -(match[4].length ());
      }
  
      if (match[5].matched)
      {
          // we have an exponent
          if (match[6].matched && (match[6] == "-"))
              exponent -= beast::lexicalCastThrow <int> (std::string (match[7]));
          else
              exponent += beast::lexicalCastThrow <int> (std::string (match[7]));
      }
  
      return { issue, mantissa, exponent, negative };
  }
  
  STAmount
  amountFromJson (SField const& name, Json::Value const& v)
  {
      STAmount::mantissa_type mantissa = 0;
      STAmount::exponent_type exponent = 0;
      bool negative = false;
      Issue issue;
  
      Json::Value value;
      Json::Value currency;
      Json::Value issuer;
  
      if (v.isNull())
      {
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("XRP may not be specified with a null Json value");
      }
      else if (v.isObject())
      {
          value       = v[jss::value];
          currency    = v[jss::currency];
          issuer      = v[jss::issuer];
      }
      else if (v.isArray())
      {
          value = v.get (Json::UInt (0), 0);
          currency = v.get (Json::UInt (1), Json::nullValue);
          issuer = v.get (Json::UInt (2), Json::nullValue);
      }
      else if (v.isString ())
      {
          std::string val = v.asString ();
          std::vector<std::string> elements;
          boost::split (elements, val, boost::is_any_of ("\t\n\r ,/"));
  
          if (elements.size () > 3)
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("invalid amount string");
  
          value = elements[0];
  
          if (elements.size () > 1)
              currency = elements[1];
  
          if (elements.size () > 2)
              issuer = elements[2];
      }
      else
      {
          value = v;
      }
  
      bool const native = ! currency.isString () ||
          currency.asString ().empty () ||
          (currency.asString () == systemCurrencyCode());
  
      if (native)
      {
          if (v.isObjectOrNull ())
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("XRP may not be specified as an object");
          issue = xrpIssue ();
      }
      else
      {
          // non-XRP
          if (! to_currency (issue.currency, currency.asString ()))
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("invalid currency");
  
          if (! issuer.isString ()
                  || !to_issuer (issue.account, issuer.asString ()))
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("invalid issuer");
  
          if (isXRP (issue.currency))
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("invalid issuer");
      }
  
      if (value.isInt ())
      {
          if (value.asInt () >= 0)
          {
              mantissa = value.asInt ();
          }
          else
          {
              mantissa = -value.asInt ();
              negative = true;
          }
      }
      else if (value.isUInt ())
      {
          mantissa = v.asUInt ();
      }
      else if (value.isString ())
      {
          auto const ret = amountFromString (issue, value.asString ());
  
          mantissa = ret.mantissa ();
          exponent = ret.exponent ();
          negative = ret.negative ();
      }
      else
      {
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("invalid amount type");
      }
  
      return { name, issue, mantissa, exponent, native, negative };
  }
  
  bool
  amountFromJsonNoThrow (STAmount& result, Json::Value const& jvSource)
  {
      try
      {
          result = amountFromJson (sfGeneric, jvSource);
          return true;
      }
      catch (const std::exception& e)
      {
          JLOG (debugLog().warn()) <<
              "amountFromJsonNoThrow: caught: " << e.what ();
      }
      return false;
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  //
  // Operators
  //
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  bool
  operator== (STAmount const& lhs, STAmount const& rhs)
  {
      return areComparable (lhs, rhs) &&
          lhs.negative() == rhs.negative() &&
          lhs.exponent() == rhs.exponent() &&
          lhs.mantissa() == rhs.mantissa();
  }
  
  bool
  operator< (STAmount const& lhs, STAmount const& rhs)
  {
      if (!areComparable (lhs, rhs))
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("Can't compare amounts that are't comparable!");
  
      if (lhs.negative() != rhs.negative())
          return lhs.negative();
  
      if (lhs.mantissa() == 0)
      {
          if (rhs.negative())
              return false;
          return rhs.mantissa() != 0;
      }
  
      // We know that lhs is non-zero and both sides have the same sign. Since
      // rhs is zero (and thus not negative), lhs must, therefore, be strictly
      // greater than zero. So if rhs is zero, the comparison must be false.
      if (rhs.mantissa() == 0) return false;
  
      if (lhs.exponent() > rhs.exponent()) return lhs.negative();
      if (lhs.exponent() < rhs.exponent()) return ! lhs.negative();
      if (lhs.mantissa() > rhs.mantissa()) return lhs.negative();
      if (lhs.mantissa() < rhs.mantissa()) return ! lhs.negative();
  
      return false;
  }
  
  STAmount
  operator- (STAmount const& value)
  {
      if (value.mantissa() == 0)
          return value;
      return STAmount (value.getFName (),
          value.issue(), value.mantissa(), value.exponent(),
              value.native(), ! value.negative(), STAmount::unchecked{});
  }
  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  //
  // Arithmetic
  //
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  // Calculate (a * b) / c when all three values are 64-bit
  // without loss of precision:
  static
  std::uint64_t
  muldiv(
      std::uint64_t multiplier,
      std::uint64_t multiplicand,
      std::uint64_t divisor)
  {
      boost::multiprecision::uint128_t ret;
  
      boost::multiprecision::multiply(ret, multiplier, multiplicand);
      ret /= divisor;
  
      if (ret > std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max())
      {
          Throw<std::overflow_error> ("overflow: (" +
              std::to_string (multiplier) + " * " +
              std::to_string (multiplicand) + ") / " +
              std::to_string (divisor));
      }
  
      return static_cast<uint64_t>(ret);
  }
  
  static
  std::uint64_t
  muldiv_round(
      std::uint64_t multiplier,
      std::uint64_t multiplicand,
      std::uint64_t divisor,
      std::uint64_t rounding)
  {
      boost::multiprecision::uint128_t ret;
  
      boost::multiprecision::multiply(ret, multiplier, multiplicand);
      ret += rounding;
      ret /= divisor;
  
      if (ret > std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max())
      {
          Throw<std::overflow_error> ("overflow: ((" +
              std::to_string (multiplier) + " * " +
              std::to_string (multiplicand) + ") + " +
              std::to_string (rounding) + ") / " +
              std::to_string (divisor));
      }
  
      return static_cast<uint64_t>(ret);
  }
  
  STAmount
  divide (STAmount const& num, STAmount const& den, Issue const& issue)
  {
      if (den == beast::zero)
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("division by zero");
  
      if (num == beast::zero)
          return {issue};
  
      std::uint64_t numVal = num.mantissa();
      std::uint64_t denVal = den.mantissa();
      int numOffset = num.exponent();
      int denOffset = den.exponent();
  
      if (num.native())
      {
          while (numVal < STAmount::cMinValue)
          {
              // Need to bring into range
              numVal *= 10;
              --numOffset;
          }
      }
  
      if (den.native())
      {
          while (denVal < STAmount::cMinValue)
          {
              denVal *= 10;
              --denOffset;
          }
      }
  
      // We divide the two mantissas (each is between 10^15
      // and 10^16). To maintain precision, we multiply the
      // numerator by 10^17 (the product is in the range of
      // 10^32 to 10^33) followed by a division, so the result
      // is in the range of 10^16 to 10^15.
      return STAmount (issue,
          muldiv(numVal, tenTo17, denVal) + 5,
          numOffset - denOffset - 17,
          num.negative() != den.negative());
  }
  
  STAmount
  multiply (STAmount const& v1, STAmount const& v2, Issue const& issue)
  {
      if (v1 == beast::zero || v2 == beast::zero)
          return STAmount (issue);
  
      if (v1.native() && v2.native() && isXRP (issue))
      {
          std::uint64_t const minV = getSNValue (v1) < getSNValue (v2)
                  ? getSNValue (v1) : getSNValue (v2);
          std::uint64_t const maxV = getSNValue (v1) < getSNValue (v2)
                  ? getSNValue (v2) : getSNValue (v1);
  
          if (minV > 3000000000ull) // sqrt(cMaxNative)
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("Native value overflow");
  
          if (((maxV >> 32) * minV) > 2095475792ull) // cMaxNative / 2^32
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("Native value overflow");
  
          return STAmount (v1.getFName (), minV * maxV);
      }
  
      std::uint64_t value1 = v1.mantissa();
      std::uint64_t value2 = v2.mantissa();
      int offset1 = v1.exponent();
      int offset2 = v2.exponent();
  
      if (v1.native())
      {
          while (value1 < STAmount::cMinValue)
          {
              value1 *= 10;
              --offset1;
          }
      }
  
      if (v2.native())
      {
          while (value2 < STAmount::cMinValue)
          {
              value2 *= 10;
              --offset2;
          }
      }
  
      // We multiply the two mantissas (each is between 10^15
      // and 10^16), so their product is in the 10^30 to 10^32
      // range. Dividing their product by 10^14 maintains the
      // precision, by scaling the result to 10^16 to 10^18.
      return STAmount (issue,
          muldiv(value1, value2, tenTo14) + 7,
          offset1 + offset2 + 14,
          v1.negative() != v2.negative());
  }
  
  static
  void
  canonicalizeRound (bool native, std::uint64_t& value, int& offset)
  {
      if (native)
      {
          if (offset < 0)
          {
              int loops = 0;
  
              while (offset < -1)
              {
                  value /= 10;
                  ++offset;
                  ++loops;
              }
  
              value += (loops >= 2) ? 9 : 10; // add before last divide
              value /= 10;
              ++offset;
          }
      }
      else if (value > STAmount::cMaxValue)
      {
          while (value > (10 * STAmount::cMaxValue))
          {
              value /= 10;
              ++offset;
          }
  
          value += 9;     // add before last divide
          value /= 10;
          ++offset;
      }
  }
  
  STAmount
  mulRound (STAmount const& v1, STAmount const& v2, Issue const& issue,
      bool roundUp)
  {
      if (v1 == beast::zero || v2 == beast::zero)
          return {issue};
  
      bool const xrp = isXRP (issue);
  
      if (v1.native() && v2.native() && xrp)
      {
          std::uint64_t minV = (getSNValue (v1) < getSNValue (v2)) ?
                  getSNValue (v1) : getSNValue (v2);
          std::uint64_t maxV = (getSNValue (v1) < getSNValue (v2)) ?
                  getSNValue (v2) : getSNValue (v1);
  
          if (minV > 3000000000ull) // sqrt(cMaxNative)
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("Native value overflow");
  
          if (((maxV >> 32) * minV) > 2095475792ull) // cMaxNative / 2^32
              Throw<std::runtime_error> ("Native value overflow");
  
          return STAmount (v1.getFName (), minV * maxV);
      }
  
      std::uint64_t value1 = v1.mantissa(), value2 = v2.mantissa();
      int offset1 = v1.exponent(), offset2 = v2.exponent();
  
      if (v1.native())
      {
          while (value1 < STAmount::cMinValue)
          {
              value1 *= 10;
              --offset1;
          }
      }
  
      if (v2.native())
      {
          while (value2 < STAmount::cMinValue)
          {
              value2 *= 10;
              --offset2;
          }
      }
  
      bool const resultNegative = v1.negative() != v2.negative();
  
      // We multiply the two mantissas (each is between 10^15
      // and 10^16), so their product is in the 10^30 to 10^32
      // range. Dividing their product by 10^14 maintains the
      // precision, by scaling the result to 10^16 to 10^18.
      //
      // If the we're rounding up, we want to round up away
      // from zero, and if we're rounding down, truncation
      // is implicit.
      std::uint64_t amount = muldiv_round (
          value1, value2, tenTo14,
          (resultNegative != roundUp) ? tenTo14m1 : 0);
  
      int offset = offset1 + offset2 + 14;
      if (resultNegative != roundUp)
          canonicalizeRound (xrp, amount, offset);
      STAmount result (issue, amount, offset, resultNegative);
  
      // Control when bugfixes that require switchover dates are enabled
      if (roundUp && !resultNegative && !result && *stAmountCalcSwitchover)
      {
          if (xrp && *stAmountCalcSwitchover2)
          {
              // return the smallest value above zero
              amount = 1;
              offset = 0;
          }
          else
          {
              // return the smallest value above zero
              amount = STAmount::cMinValue;
              offset = STAmount::cMinOffset;
          }
          return STAmount(issue, amount, offset, resultNegative);
      }
      return result;
  }
  
  STAmount
  divRound (STAmount const& num, STAmount const& den,
      Issue const& issue, bool roundUp)
  {
      if (den == beast::zero)
          Throw<std::runtime_error> ("division by zero");
  
      if (num == beast::zero)
          return {issue};
  
      std::uint64_t numVal = num.mantissa(), denVal = den.mantissa();
      int numOffset = num.exponent(), denOffset = den.exponent();
  
      if (num.native())
      {
          while (numVal < STAmount::cMinValue)
          {
              numVal *= 10;
              --numOffset;
          }
      }
  
      if (den.native())
      {
          while (denVal < STAmount::cMinValue)
          {
              denVal *= 10;
              --denOffset;
          }
      }
  
      bool const resultNegative =
          (num.negative() != den.negative());
  
      // We divide the two mantissas (each is between 10^15
      // and 10^16). To maintain precision, we multiply the
      // numerator by 10^17 (the product is in the range of
      // 10^32 to 10^33) followed by a division, so the result
      // is in the range of 10^16 to 10^15.
      //
      // We round away from zero if we're rounding up or
      // truncate if we're rounding down.
      std::uint64_t amount = muldiv_round (
          numVal, tenTo17, denVal,
          (resultNegative != roundUp) ? denVal - 1 : 0);
  
      int offset = numOffset - denOffset - 17;
  
      if (resultNegative != roundUp)
          canonicalizeRound (isXRP (issue), amount, offset);
  
      STAmount result (issue, amount, offset, resultNegative);
      // Control when bugfixes that require switchover dates are enabled
      if (roundUp && !resultNegative && !result && *stAmountCalcSwitchover)
      {
          if (isXRP(issue) && *stAmountCalcSwitchover2)
          {
              // return the smallest value above zero
              amount = 1;
              offset = 0;
          }
          else
          {
              // return the smallest value above zero
              amount = STAmount::cMinValue;
              offset = STAmount::cMinOffset;
          }
          return STAmount(issue, amount, offset, resultNegative);
      }
      return result;
  }
  
  } // ripple
  