text: from django.test import TestCase
  from django.utils import timezone
  import datetime
  from polls.models import Question
  from django.urls import reverse
  
  def create_question(question_text, days):
      '''Create and return a question with given text and day offset from today'''
      time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
      return Question.objects.create(pub_date=time, question_text=question_text)
  
  class QuestionIndexViewTests(TestCase):
  
      def test_no_questions(self):
          '''If no questions exist, test that an appropriate message is displayed'''
          response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
          print(response)
          self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
          self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['index_result']['latest_question_list'], [])
  
      def test_past_question(self):
          '''Questions with a pub_date in the past are displayed on the index page'''
          create_question(question_text='Past question.', days=-30)
          response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
          self.assertContains(response, "Here are the latest polls.")
          self.assertQuerysetEqual(
              response.context['index_result']['latest_question_list'],
              ['<Question: Past question.>']
          )
      
      def test_future_question(self):
          '''Questions with pub_date in the future should not show up in the query'''
          create_question(question_text='Future question.', days=30)
          response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
          self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
          self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['index_result']['latest_question_list'], [])
  
      def test_future_question_and_past_question(self):
          '''Only past questions are displayed even if both past and future exist'''
          create_question(question_text='Future question.', days=30)
          create_question(question_text='Past question.', days=-30)
          response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
          self.assertContains(response, "Here are the latest polls.")
          self.assertQuerysetEqual(
              response.context['index_result']['latest_question_list'],
              ['<Question: Past question.>']
          )
      
      def test_multiple_quesitons(self):
          '''Test that two past questions are returned appropriately'''
          create_question(question_text='Past question 1.', days=-30)
          create_question(question_text='Past question 2.', days=-10)
          response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
          self.assertContains(response, "Here are the latest polls.")
          self.assertQuerysetEqual(
              response.context['index_result']['latest_question_list'],
              ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>']
          )
  
  
  class QuestionModelTests(TestCase):
  
      def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
          '''was_published_recently() should return false for Questions whose pub_date is in the future'''
          time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
          future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
          self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
  
      def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
          '''Test that was_published_recently() returns false for an old question'''
          time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1, seconds=1)
          old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
          self.assertIs(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)
  
      def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
          '''Test that was_published_recently() returns True for a recent question'''
          time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59)
          recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
          self.assertIs(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)
  
  class QuestionDetailViewTests(TestCase):
      def test_future_question(self):
          '''The detail view should return a 404 if quesiton is in the future'''
          time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
          future_question = create_question(question_text='future', days=5)
          url = reverse('polls:detail', args=(future_question.id,))
          response = self.client.get(url)
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
  
      def test_past_question(self):
          '''The detail view of a question published in the past displays the question text'''
          past_question = create_question(question_text='future', days=-5)
          url = reverse('polls:detail', args=(past_question.id,))
          response = self.client.get(url)
          self.assertContains(response, past_question.question_text)
  
  
          
  
  
  
  