text: ########################################################################
  #
  # License: BSD
  # Created: December 30, 2006
  # Author: Ivan Vilata i Balaguer - ivan at selidor dot net
  #
  # $Id$
  #
  ########################################################################
  
  """Utilities for handling different array flavors in PyTables.
  
  Variables
  =========
  
  `__docformat`__
      The format of documentation strings in this module.
  `internal_flavor`
      The flavor used internally by PyTables.
  `all_flavors`
      List of all flavors available to PyTables.
  `alias_map`
      Maps old flavor names to the most similar current flavor.
  `description_map`
      Maps flavors to short descriptions of their supported objects.
  `identifier_map`
      Maps flavors to functions that can identify their objects.
  
      The function associated with a given flavor will return a true
      value if the object passed to it can be identified as being of
      that flavor.
  
      See the `flavor_of()` function for a friendlier interface to
      flavor identification.
  
  `converter_map`
      Maps (source, destination) flavor pairs to converter functions.
  
      Converter functions get an array of the source flavor and return
      an array of the destination flavor.
  
      See the `array_of_flavor()` and `flavor_to_flavor()` functions for
      friendlier interfaces to flavor conversion.
  
  """
  
  # Imports
  # =======
  import warnings
  
  from .exceptions import FlavorError, FlavorWarning
  
  
  # Public variables
  # ================
  __docformat__ = 'reStructuredText'
  """The format of documentation strings in this module."""
  
  internal_flavor = 'numpy'
  """The flavor used internally by PyTables."""
  
  # This is very slightly slower than a set for a small number of values
  # in terms of (infrequent) lookup time, but allows `flavor_of()`
  # (which may be called much more frequently) to check for flavors in
  # order, beginning with the most common one.
  all_flavors = []  # filled as flavors are registered
  """List of all flavors available to PyTables."""
  
  alias_map = {}  # filled as flavors are registered
  """Maps old flavor names to the most similar current flavor."""
  
  description_map = {}  # filled as flavors are registered
  """Maps flavors to short descriptions of their supported objects."""
  
  identifier_map = {}  # filled as flavors are registered
  """Maps flavors to functions that can identify their objects.
  
  The function associated with a given flavor will return a true value
  if the object passed to it can be identified as being of that flavor.
  
  See the `flavor_of()` function for a friendlier interface to flavor
  identification.
  """
  
  converter_map = {}  # filled as flavors are registered
  """Maps (source, destination) flavor pairs to converter functions.
  
  Converter functions get an array of the source flavor and return an
  array of the destination flavor.
  
  See the `array_of_flavor()` and `flavor_to_flavor()` functions for
  friendlier interfaces to flavor conversion.
  """
  
  
  # Public functions
  # ================
  def check_flavor(flavor):
      """Raise a ``FlavorError`` if the `flavor` is not valid."""
  
      if flavor not in all_flavors:
          available_flavs = ", ".join(flav for flav in all_flavors)
          raise FlavorError(
              "flavor ``%s`` is unsupported or unavailable; "
              "available flavors in this system are: %s"
              % (flavor, available_flavs))
  
  
  def array_of_flavor2(array, src_flavor, dst_flavor):
      """Get a version of the given `array` in a different flavor.
  
      The input `array` must be of the given `src_flavor`, and the
      returned array will be of the indicated `dst_flavor`.  Both
      flavors may be the same, but it is not guaranteed that the
      returned array will be the same object as the input one in this
      case.
  
      If the conversion is not supported, a ``FlavorError`` is raised.
  
      """
  
      convkey = (src_flavor, dst_flavor)
      if convkey not in converter_map:
          raise FlavorError("conversion from flavor ``%s`` to flavor ``%s`` "
                            "is unsupported or unavailable in this system"
                            % (src_flavor, dst_flavor))
  
      convfunc = converter_map[convkey]
      return convfunc(array)
  
  
  def flavor_to_flavor(array, src_flavor, dst_flavor):
      """Get a version of the given `array` in a different flavor.
  
      The input `array` must be of the given `src_flavor`, and the
      returned array will be of the indicated `dst_flavor` (see below
      for an exception to this).  Both flavors may be the same, but it
      is not guaranteed that the returned array will be the same object
      as the input one in this case.
  
      If the conversion is not supported, a `FlavorWarning` is issued
      and the input `array` is returned as is.
  
      """
  
      try:
          return array_of_flavor2(array, src_flavor, dst_flavor)
      except FlavorError as fe:
          warnings.warn("%s; returning an object of the ``%s`` flavor instead"
                        % (fe.args[0], src_flavor), FlavorWarning)
          return array
  
  
  def internal_to_flavor(array, dst_flavor):
      """Get a version of the given `array` in a different `dst_flavor`.
  
      The input `array` must be of the internal flavor, and the returned
      array will be of the given `dst_flavor`.  See `flavor_to_flavor()`
      for more information.
  
      """
  
      return flavor_to_flavor(array, internal_flavor, dst_flavor)
  
  
  def array_as_internal(array, src_flavor):
      """Get a version of the given `array` in the internal flavor.
  
      The input `array` must be of the given `src_flavor`, and the
      returned array will be of the internal flavor.
  
      If the conversion is not supported, a ``FlavorError`` is raised.
  
      """
  
      return array_of_flavor2(array, src_flavor, internal_flavor)
  
  
  def flavor_of(array):
      """Identify the flavor of a given `array`.
  
      If the `array` can not be matched with any flavor, a ``TypeError``
      is raised.
  
      """
  
      for flavor in all_flavors:
          if identifier_map[flavor](array):
              return flavor
      type_name = type(array).__name__
      supported_descs = "; ".join(description_map[fl] for fl in all_flavors)
      raise TypeError(
          "objects of type ``%s`` are not supported in this context, sorry; "
          "supported objects are: %s" % (type_name, supported_descs))
  
  
  def array_of_flavor(array, dst_flavor):
      """Get a version of the given `array` in a different `dst_flavor`.
  
      The flavor of the input `array` is guessed, and the returned array
      will be of the given `dst_flavor`.
  
      If the conversion is not supported, a ``FlavorError`` is raised.
  
      """
  
      return array_of_flavor2(array, flavor_of(array), dst_flavor)
  
  
  def restrict_flavors(keep=('python',)):
      """Disable all flavors except those in keep.
  
      Providing an empty keep sequence implies disabling all flavors (but the
      internal one).  If the sequence is not specified, only optional flavors are
      disabled.
  
      .. important:: Once you disable a flavor, it can not be enabled again.
  
      """
  
      remove = set(all_flavors) - set(keep) - {internal_flavor}
      for flavor in remove:
          _disable_flavor(flavor)
  
  
  # Flavor registration
  # ===================
  #
  # The order in which flavors appear in `all_flavors` determines the
  # order in which they will be tested for by `flavor_of()`, so place
  # most frequent flavors first.
  import numpy
  all_flavors.append('numpy')  # this is the internal flavor
  
  all_flavors.append('python')  # this is always supported
  
  
  def _register_aliases():
      """Register aliases of *available* flavors."""
  
      for flavor in all_flavors:
          aliases = eval('_%s_aliases' % flavor)
          for alias in aliases:
              alias_map[alias] = flavor
  
  
  def _register_descriptions():
      """Register descriptions of *available* flavors."""
      for flavor in all_flavors:
          description_map[flavor] = eval('_%s_desc' % flavor)
  
  
  def _register_identifiers():
      """Register identifier functions of *available* flavors."""
  
      for flavor in all_flavors:
          identifier_map[flavor] = eval('_is_%s' % flavor)
  
  
  def _register_converters():
      """Register converter functions between *available* flavors."""
  
      def identity(array):
          return array
      for src_flavor in all_flavors:
          for dst_flavor in all_flavors:
              # Converters with the same source and destination flavor
              # are used when available, since they may perform some
              # optimizations on the resulting array (e.g. making it
              # contiguous).  Otherwise, an identity function is used.
              convfunc = None
              try:
                  convfunc = eval(f'_conv_{src_flavor}_to_{dst_flavor}')
              except NameError:
                  if src_flavor == dst_flavor:
                      convfunc = identity
              if convfunc:
                  converter_map[(src_flavor, dst_flavor)] = convfunc
  
  
  def _register_all():
      """Register all *available* flavors."""
  
      _register_aliases()
      _register_descriptions()
      _register_identifiers()
      _register_converters()
  
  
  def _deregister_aliases(flavor):
      """Deregister aliases of a given `flavor` (no checks)."""
  
      rm_aliases = []
      for (an_alias, a_flavor) in alias_map.items():
          if a_flavor == flavor:
              rm_aliases.append(an_alias)
      for an_alias in rm_aliases:
          del alias_map[an_alias]
  
  
  def _deregister_description(flavor):
      """Deregister description of a given `flavor` (no checks)."""
  
      del description_map[flavor]
  
  
  def _deregister_identifier(flavor):
      """Deregister identifier function of a given `flavor` (no checks)."""
  
      del identifier_map[flavor]
  
  
  def _deregister_converters(flavor):
      """Deregister converter functions of a given `flavor` (no checks)."""
  
      rm_flavor_pairs = []
      for flavor_pair in converter_map:
          if flavor in flavor_pair:
              rm_flavor_pairs.append(flavor_pair)
      for flavor_pair in rm_flavor_pairs:
          del converter_map[flavor_pair]
  
  
  def _disable_flavor(flavor):
      """Completely disable the given `flavor` (no checks)."""
  
      _deregister_aliases(flavor)
      _deregister_description(flavor)
      _deregister_identifier(flavor)
      _deregister_converters(flavor)
      all_flavors.remove(flavor)
  
  
  # Implementation of flavors
  # =========================
  _python_aliases = [
      'List', 'Tuple',
      'Int', 'Float', 'String',
      'VLString', 'Object',
  ]
  _python_desc = ("homogeneous list or tuple, "
                  "integer, float, complex or bytes")
  
  
  def _is_python(array):
      return isinstance(array, (tuple, list, int, float, complex, bytes))
  
  _numpy_aliases = []
  _numpy_desc = "NumPy array, record or scalar"
  
  
  from numpy.lib import NumpyVersion
  
  
  if NumpyVersion(numpy.__version__) >= NumpyVersion('1.19.0'):
      def toarray(array, *args, **kwargs):
          with warnings.catch_warnings():
              warnings.simplefilter('error')
              try:
                  array = numpy.array(array, *args, **kwargs)
              except numpy.VisibleDeprecationWarning:
                  raise ValueError(
                      'cannot guess the desired dtype from the input')
  
          return array
  else:
      toarray = numpy.array
  
  
  def _is_numpy(array):
      return isinstance(array, (numpy.ndarray, numpy.generic))
  
  
  def _numpy_contiguous(convfunc):
      """Decorate `convfunc` to return a *contiguous* NumPy array.
  
      Note: When arrays are 0-strided, the copy is avoided.  This allows
      to use `array` to still carry info about the dtype and shape.
      """
  
      def conv_to_numpy(array):
          nparr = convfunc(array)
          if (hasattr(nparr, 'flags') and
              not nparr.flags.contiguous and
              sum(nparr.strides) != 0):
              nparr = nparr.copy()  # copying the array makes it contiguous
          return nparr
      conv_to_numpy.__name__ = convfunc.__name__
      conv_to_numpy.__doc__ = convfunc.__doc__
      return conv_to_numpy
  
  
  @_numpy_contiguous
  def _conv_numpy_to_numpy(array):
      # Passes contiguous arrays through and converts scalars into
      # scalar arrays.
      nparr = numpy.asarray(array)
      if nparr.dtype.kind == 'U':
          # from Python 3 loads of common strings are disguised as Unicode
          try:
              # try to convert to basic 'S' type
              return nparr.astype('S')
          except UnicodeEncodeError:
              pass  # pass on true Unicode arrays downstream in case it can be handled in the future
      return nparr
  
  
  @_numpy_contiguous
  def _conv_python_to_numpy(array):
      nparr = toarray(array)
      if nparr.dtype.kind == 'U':
          # from Python 3 loads of common strings are disguised as Unicode
          try:
              # try to convert to basic 'S' type
              return nparr.astype('S')
          except UnicodeEncodeError:
              pass  # pass on true Unicode arrays downstream in case it can be handled in the future
      return nparr
  
  
  def _conv_numpy_to_python(array):
      if array.shape != ():
          # Lists are the default for returning multidimensional objects
          array = array.tolist()
      else:
          # 0-dim or scalar case
          array = array.item()
      return array
  
  # Now register everything related with *available* flavors.
  _register_all()
  
  
  # Main part
  # =========
  def _test():
      """Run ``doctest`` on this module."""
  
      import doctest
      doctest.testmod()
  
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      _test()
  