text: """
  Base CRUD Module
  """
  
  import logging
  from typing import Any, Dict, Generic, List, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union
  
  from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
  from pydantic import BaseModel
  from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
  
  from app.models import Base
  
  logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  
  ModelType = TypeVar("ModelType", bound=Base)
  CreateSchemaType = TypeVar("CreateSchemaType", bound=BaseModel)
  UpdateSchemaType = TypeVar("UpdateSchemaType", bound=BaseModel)
  
  
  class CRUDBase(Generic[ModelType, CreateSchemaType, UpdateSchemaType]):
      def __init__(self, model: Type[ModelType]):
          """
          CRUD object with default methods to Create, Read, Update, Delete (CRUD).
          **Parameters**
          * `model`: A SQLAlchemy model class
          * `schema`: A Pydantic model (schema) class
          """
          self.model = model
  
      def get(self, db: Session, model_id: Any) -> Optional[ModelType]:
          return db.query(self.model).get(model_id)
  
      def get_multi(
          self, db: Session, *, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100
      ) -> List[ModelType]:
          return db.query(self.model).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()
  
      def create(self, db: Session, *, obj_in: CreateSchemaType) -> ModelType:
          obj_in_data = jsonable_encoder(obj_in)
          db_obj = self.model(**obj_in_data)
          db.add(db_obj)
          db.commit()
          db.refresh(db_obj)
          return db_obj
  
      def update(
          self,
          db: Session,
          *,
          db_obj: ModelType,
          obj_in: Union[UpdateSchemaType, Dict[str, Any]]
      ) -> ModelType:
          obj_data = jsonable_encoder(db_obj)
          if isinstance(obj_in, dict):
              update_data = obj_in
          else:
              update_data = obj_in.dict(exclude_unset=True)
          for field in obj_data:
              if field in update_data:
                  setattr(db_obj, field, update_data[field])
          db.add(db_obj)
          db.commit()
          db.refresh(db_obj)
          return db_obj
  
      def remove(self, db: Session, *, model_id: int) -> ModelType:
          obj = db.query(self.model).get(model_id)
          db.delete(obj)
          db.commit()
          return obj
  