text: 
  /* Generic object operations; and implementation of None */
  
  #include "Python.h"
  #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _Py_EnterRecursiveCall()
  #include "pycore_context.h"
  #include "pycore_initconfig.h"
  #include "pycore_object.h"
  #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"
  #include "pycore_pylifecycle.h"
  #include "pycore_pymem.h"         // _PyMem_IsPtrFreed()
  #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyThreadState_GET()
  #include "pycore_symtable.h"      // PySTEntry_Type
  #include "pycore_unionobject.h"   // _PyUnion_Type
  #include "frameobject.h"
  #include "interpreteridobject.h"
  
  #ifdef Py_LIMITED_API
     // Prevent recursive call _Py_IncRef() <=> Py_INCREF()
  #  error "Py_LIMITED_API macro must not be defined"
  #endif
  
  #ifdef __cplusplus
  extern "C" {
  #endif
  
  /* Defined in tracemalloc.c */
  extern void _PyMem_DumpTraceback(int fd, const void *ptr);
  
  _Py_IDENTIFIER(Py_Repr);
  _Py_IDENTIFIER(__bytes__);
  _Py_IDENTIFIER(__dir__);
  _Py_IDENTIFIER(__isabstractmethod__);
  
  
  int
  _PyObject_CheckConsistency(PyObject *op, int check_content)
  {
  #define CHECK(expr) \
      do { if (!(expr)) { _PyObject_ASSERT_FAILED_MSG(op, Py_STRINGIFY(expr)); } } while (0)
  
      CHECK(!_PyObject_IsFreed(op));
      CHECK(Py_REFCNT(op) >= 1);
  
      _PyType_CheckConsistency(Py_TYPE(op));
  
      if (PyUnicode_Check(op)) {
          _PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(op, check_content);
      }
      else if (PyDict_Check(op)) {
          _PyDict_CheckConsistency(op, check_content);
      }
      return 1;
  
  #undef CHECK
  }
  
  
  #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
  Py_ssize_t _Py_RefTotal;
  
  Py_ssize_t
  _Py_GetRefTotal(void)
  {
      PyObject *o;
      Py_ssize_t total = _Py_RefTotal;
      o = _PySet_Dummy;
      if (o != NULL)
          total -= Py_REFCNT(o);
      return total;
  }
  
  void
  _PyDebug_PrintTotalRefs(void) {
      fprintf(stderr,
              "[%zd refs, %zd blocks]\n",
              _Py_GetRefTotal(), _Py_GetAllocatedBlocks());
  }
  #endif /* Py_REF_DEBUG */
  
  /* Object allocation routines used by NEWOBJ and NEWVAROBJ macros.
     These are used by the individual routines for object creation.
     Do not call them otherwise, they do not initialize the object! */
  
  #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
  /* Head of circular doubly-linked list of all objects.  These are linked
   * together via the _ob_prev and _ob_next members of a PyObject, which
   * exist only in a Py_TRACE_REFS build.
   */
  static PyObject refchain = {&refchain, &refchain};
  
  /* Insert op at the front of the list of all objects.  If force is true,
   * op is added even if _ob_prev and _ob_next are non-NULL already.  If
   * force is false amd _ob_prev or _ob_next are non-NULL, do nothing.
   * force should be true if and only if op points to freshly allocated,
   * uninitialized memory, or you've unlinked op from the list and are
   * relinking it into the front.
   * Note that objects are normally added to the list via _Py_NewReference,
   * which is called by PyObject_Init.  Not all objects are initialized that
   * way, though; exceptions include statically allocated type objects, and
   * statically allocated singletons (like Py_True and Py_None).
   */
  void
  _Py_AddToAllObjects(PyObject *op, int force)
  {
  #ifdef  Py_DEBUG
      if (!force) {
          /* If it's initialized memory, op must be in or out of
           * the list unambiguously.
           */
          _PyObject_ASSERT(op, (op->_ob_prev == NULL) == (op->_ob_next == NULL));
      }
  #endif
      if (force || op->_ob_prev == NULL) {
          op->_ob_next = refchain._ob_next;
          op->_ob_prev = &refchain;
          refchain._ob_next->_ob_prev = op;
          refchain._ob_next = op;
      }
  }
  #endif  /* Py_TRACE_REFS */
  
  #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
  /* Log a fatal error; doesn't return. */
  void
  _Py_NegativeRefcount(const char *filename, int lineno, PyObject *op)
  {
      _PyObject_AssertFailed(op, NULL, "object has negative ref count",
                             filename, lineno, __func__);
  }
  
  #endif /* Py_REF_DEBUG */
  
  void
  Py_IncRef(PyObject *o)
  {
      Py_XINCREF(o);
  }
  
  void
  Py_DecRef(PyObject *o)
  {
      Py_XDECREF(o);
  }
  
  void
  _Py_IncRef(PyObject *o)
  {
      Py_INCREF(o);
  }
  
  void
  _Py_DecRef(PyObject *o)
  {
      Py_DECREF(o);
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyObject_Init(PyObject *op, PyTypeObject *tp)
  {
      if (op == NULL) {
          return PyErr_NoMemory();
      }
  
      _PyObject_Init(op, tp);
      return op;
  }
  
  PyVarObject *
  PyObject_InitVar(PyVarObject *op, PyTypeObject *tp, Py_ssize_t size)
  {
      if (op == NULL) {
          return (PyVarObject *) PyErr_NoMemory();
      }
  
      _PyObject_InitVar(op, tp, size);
      return op;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  _PyObject_New(PyTypeObject *tp)
  {
      PyObject *op = (PyObject *) PyObject_Malloc(_PyObject_SIZE(tp));
      if (op == NULL) {
          return PyErr_NoMemory();
      }
      _PyObject_Init(op, tp);
      return op;
  }
  
  PyVarObject *
  _PyObject_NewVar(PyTypeObject *tp, Py_ssize_t nitems)
  {
      PyVarObject *op;
      const size_t size = _PyObject_VAR_SIZE(tp, nitems);
      op = (PyVarObject *) PyObject_Malloc(size);
      if (op == NULL) {
          return (PyVarObject *)PyErr_NoMemory();
      }
      _PyObject_InitVar(op, tp, nitems);
      return op;
  }
  
  void
  PyObject_CallFinalizer(PyObject *self)
  {
      PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
  
      if (tp->tp_finalize == NULL)
          return;
      /* tp_finalize should only be called once. */
      if (_PyType_IS_GC(tp) && _PyGC_FINALIZED(self))
          return;
  
      tp->tp_finalize(self);
      if (_PyType_IS_GC(tp)) {
          _PyGC_SET_FINALIZED(self);
      }
  }
  
  int
  PyObject_CallFinalizerFromDealloc(PyObject *self)
  {
      if (Py_REFCNT(self) != 0) {
          _PyObject_ASSERT_FAILED_MSG(self,
                                      "PyObject_CallFinalizerFromDealloc called "
                                      "on object with a non-zero refcount");
      }
  
      /* Temporarily resurrect the object. */
      Py_SET_REFCNT(self, 1);
  
      PyObject_CallFinalizer(self);
  
      _PyObject_ASSERT_WITH_MSG(self,
                                Py_REFCNT(self) > 0,
                                "refcount is too small");
  
      /* Undo the temporary resurrection; can't use DECREF here, it would
       * cause a recursive call. */
      Py_SET_REFCNT(self, Py_REFCNT(self) - 1);
      if (Py_REFCNT(self) == 0) {
          return 0;         /* this is the normal path out */
      }
  
      /* tp_finalize resurrected it!  Make it look like the original Py_DECREF
       * never happened. */
      Py_ssize_t refcnt = Py_REFCNT(self);
      _Py_NewReference(self);
      Py_SET_REFCNT(self, refcnt);
  
      _PyObject_ASSERT(self,
                       (!_PyType_IS_GC(Py_TYPE(self))
                        || _PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(self)));
      /* If Py_REF_DEBUG macro is defined, _Py_NewReference() increased
         _Py_RefTotal, so we need to undo that. */
  #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
      _Py_RefTotal--;
  #endif
      return -1;
  }
  
  int
  PyObject_Print(PyObject *op, FILE *fp, int flags)
  {
      int ret = 0;
      if (PyErr_CheckSignals())
          return -1;
  #ifdef USE_STACKCHECK
      if (PyOS_CheckStack()) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "stack overflow");
          return -1;
      }
  #endif
      clearerr(fp); /* Clear any previous error condition */
      if (op == NULL) {
          Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
          fprintf(fp, "<nil>");
          Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
      }
      else {
          if (Py_REFCNT(op) <= 0) {
              /* XXX(twouters) cast refcount to long until %zd is
                 universally available */
              Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
              fprintf(fp, "<refcnt %ld at %p>",
                  (long)Py_REFCNT(op), (void *)op);
              Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
          }
          else {
              PyObject *s;
              if (flags & Py_PRINT_RAW)
                  s = PyObject_Str(op);
              else
                  s = PyObject_Repr(op);
              if (s == NULL)
                  ret = -1;
              else if (PyBytes_Check(s)) {
                  fwrite(PyBytes_AS_STRING(s), 1,
                         PyBytes_GET_SIZE(s), fp);
              }
              else if (PyUnicode_Check(s)) {
                  PyObject *t;
                  t = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(s, "utf-8", "backslashreplace");
                  if (t == NULL) {
                      ret = -1;
                  }
                  else {
                      fwrite(PyBytes_AS_STRING(t), 1,
                             PyBytes_GET_SIZE(t), fp);
                      Py_DECREF(t);
                  }
              }
              else {
                  PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                               "str() or repr() returned '%.100s'",
                               Py_TYPE(s)->tp_name);
                  ret = -1;
              }
              Py_XDECREF(s);
          }
      }
      if (ret == 0) {
          if (ferror(fp)) {
              PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
              clearerr(fp);
              ret = -1;
          }
      }
      return ret;
  }
  
  /* For debugging convenience.  Set a breakpoint here and call it from your DLL */
  void
  _Py_BreakPoint(void)
  {
  }
  
  
  /* Heuristic checking if the object memory is uninitialized or deallocated.
     Rely on the debug hooks on Python memory allocators:
     see _PyMem_IsPtrFreed().
  
     The function can be used to prevent segmentation fault on dereferencing
     pointers like 0xDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD. */
  int
  _PyObject_IsFreed(PyObject *op)
  {
      if (_PyMem_IsPtrFreed(op) || _PyMem_IsPtrFreed(Py_TYPE(op))) {
          return 1;
      }
      /* ignore op->ob_ref: its value can have be modified
         by Py_INCREF() and Py_DECREF(). */
  #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
      if (op->_ob_next != NULL && _PyMem_IsPtrFreed(op->_ob_next)) {
          return 1;
      }
      if (op->_ob_prev != NULL && _PyMem_IsPtrFreed(op->_ob_prev)) {
           return 1;
       }
  #endif
      return 0;
  }
  
  
  /* For debugging convenience.  See Misc/gdbinit for some useful gdb hooks */
  void
  _PyObject_Dump(PyObject* op)
  {
      if (_PyObject_IsFreed(op)) {
          /* It seems like the object memory has been freed:
             don't access it to prevent a segmentation fault. */
          fprintf(stderr, "<object at %p is freed>\n", op);
          fflush(stderr);
          return;
      }
  
      /* first, write fields which are the least likely to crash */
      fprintf(stderr, "object address  : %p\n", (void *)op);
      /* XXX(twouters) cast refcount to long until %zd is
         universally available */
      fprintf(stderr, "object refcount : %ld\n", (long)Py_REFCNT(op));
      fflush(stderr);
  
      PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(op);
      fprintf(stderr, "object type     : %p\n", type);
      fprintf(stderr, "object type name: %s\n",
              type==NULL ? "NULL" : type->tp_name);
  
      /* the most dangerous part */
      fprintf(stderr, "object repr     : ");
      fflush(stderr);
  
      PyGILState_STATE gil = PyGILState_Ensure();
      PyObject *error_type, *error_value, *error_traceback;
      PyErr_Fetch(&error_type, &error_value, &error_traceback);
  
      (void)PyObject_Print(op, stderr, 0);
      fflush(stderr);
  
      PyErr_Restore(error_type, error_value, error_traceback);
      PyGILState_Release(gil);
  
      fprintf(stderr, "\n");
      fflush(stderr);
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyObject_Repr(PyObject *v)
  {
      PyObject *res;
      if (PyErr_CheckSignals())
          return NULL;
  #ifdef USE_STACKCHECK
      if (PyOS_CheckStack()) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "stack overflow");
          return NULL;
      }
  #endif
      if (v == NULL)
          return PyUnicode_FromString("<NULL>");
      if (Py_TYPE(v)->tp_repr == NULL)
          return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<%s object at %p>",
                                      Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name, v);
  
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
  #ifdef Py_DEBUG
      /* PyObject_Repr() must not be called with an exception set,
         because it can clear it (directly or indirectly) and so the
         caller loses its exception */
      assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
  #endif
  
      /* It is possible for a type to have a tp_repr representation that loops
         infinitely. */
      if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate,
                                 " while getting the repr of an object")) {
          return NULL;
      }
      res = (*Py_TYPE(v)->tp_repr)(v);
      _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
  
      if (res == NULL) {
          return NULL;
      }
      if (!PyUnicode_Check(res)) {
          _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__repr__ returned non-string (type %.200s)",
                        Py_TYPE(res)->tp_name);
          Py_DECREF(res);
          return NULL;
      }
  #ifndef Py_DEBUG
      if (PyUnicode_READY(res) < 0) {
          return NULL;
      }
  #endif
      return res;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyObject_Str(PyObject *v)
  {
      PyObject *res;
      if (PyErr_CheckSignals())
          return NULL;
  #ifdef USE_STACKCHECK
      if (PyOS_CheckStack()) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "stack overflow");
          return NULL;
      }
  #endif
      if (v == NULL)
          return PyUnicode_FromString("<NULL>");
      if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(v)) {
  #ifndef Py_DEBUG
          if (PyUnicode_READY(v) < 0)
              return NULL;
  #endif
          Py_INCREF(v);
          return v;
      }
      if (Py_TYPE(v)->tp_str == NULL)
          return PyObject_Repr(v);
  
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
  #ifdef Py_DEBUG
      /* PyObject_Str() must not be called with an exception set,
         because it can clear it (directly or indirectly) and so the
         caller loses its exception */
      assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
  #endif
  
      /* It is possible for a type to have a tp_str representation that loops
         infinitely. */
      if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " while getting the str of an object")) {
          return NULL;
      }
      res = (*Py_TYPE(v)->tp_str)(v);
      _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
  
      if (res == NULL) {
          return NULL;
      }
      if (!PyUnicode_Check(res)) {
          _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__str__ returned non-string (type %.200s)",
                        Py_TYPE(res)->tp_name);
          Py_DECREF(res);
          return NULL;
      }
  #ifndef Py_DEBUG
      if (PyUnicode_READY(res) < 0) {
          return NULL;
      }
  #endif
      assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(res, 1));
      return res;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyObject_ASCII(PyObject *v)
  {
      PyObject *repr, *ascii, *res;
  
      repr = PyObject_Repr(v);
      if (repr == NULL)
          return NULL;
  
      if (PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(repr))
          return repr;
  
      /* repr is guaranteed to be a PyUnicode object by PyObject_Repr */
      ascii = _PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(repr, "backslashreplace");
      Py_DECREF(repr);
      if (ascii == NULL)
          return NULL;
  
      res = PyUnicode_DecodeASCII(
          PyBytes_AS_STRING(ascii),
          PyBytes_GET_SIZE(ascii),
          NULL);
  
      Py_DECREF(ascii);
      return res;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyObject_Bytes(PyObject *v)
  {
      PyObject *result, *func;
  
      if (v == NULL)
          return PyBytes_FromString("<NULL>");
  
      if (PyBytes_CheckExact(v)) {
          Py_INCREF(v);
          return v;
      }
  
      func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(v, &PyId___bytes__);
      if (func != NULL) {
          result = _PyObject_CallNoArg(func);
          Py_DECREF(func);
          if (result == NULL)
              return NULL;
          if (!PyBytes_Check(result)) {
              PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                           "__bytes__ returned non-bytes (type %.200s)",
                           Py_TYPE(result)->tp_name);
              Py_DECREF(result);
              return NULL;
          }
          return result;
      }
      else if (PyErr_Occurred())
          return NULL;
      return PyBytes_FromObject(v);
  }
  
  
  /*
  def _PyObject_FunctionStr(x):
      try:
          qualname = x.__qualname__
      except AttributeError:
          return str(x)
      try:
          mod = x.__module__
          if mod is not None and mod != 'builtins':
              return f"{x.__module__}.{qualname}()"
      except AttributeError:
          pass
      return qualname
  */
  PyObject *
  _PyObject_FunctionStr(PyObject *x)
  {
      _Py_IDENTIFIER(__module__);
      _Py_IDENTIFIER(__qualname__);
      _Py_IDENTIFIER(builtins);
      assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
      PyObject *qualname;
      int ret = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(x, &PyId___qualname__, &qualname);
      if (qualname == NULL) {
          if (ret < 0) {
              return NULL;
          }
          return PyObject_Str(x);
      }
      PyObject *module;
      PyObject *result = NULL;
      ret = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(x, &PyId___module__, &module);
      if (module != NULL && module != Py_None) {
          PyObject *builtinsname = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_builtins);
          if (builtinsname == NULL) {
              goto done;
          }
          ret = PyObject_RichCompareBool(module, builtinsname, Py_NE);
          if (ret < 0) {
              // error
              goto done;
          }
          if (ret > 0) {
              result = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%S.%S()", module, qualname);
              goto done;
          }
      }
      else if (ret < 0) {
          goto done;
      }
      result = PyUnicode_FromFormat("%S()", qualname);
  done:
      Py_DECREF(qualname);
      Py_XDECREF(module);
      return result;
  }
  
  /* For Python 3.0.1 and later, the old three-way comparison has been
     completely removed in favour of rich comparisons.  PyObject_Compare() and
     PyObject_Cmp() are gone, and the builtin cmp function no longer exists.
     The old tp_compare slot has been renamed to tp_as_async, and should no
     longer be used.  Use tp_richcompare instead.
  
     See (*) below for practical amendments.
  
     tp_richcompare gets called with a first argument of the appropriate type
     and a second object of an arbitrary type.  We never do any kind of
     coercion.
  
     The tp_richcompare slot should return an object, as follows:
  
      NULL if an exception occurred
      NotImplemented if the requested comparison is not implemented
      any other false value if the requested comparison is false
      any other true value if the requested comparison is true
  
    The PyObject_RichCompare[Bool]() wrappers raise TypeError when they get
    NotImplemented.
  
    (*) Practical amendments:
  
    - If rich comparison returns NotImplemented, == and != are decided by
      comparing the object pointer (i.e. falling back to the base object
      implementation).
  
  */
  
  /* Map rich comparison operators to their swapped version, e.g. LT <--> GT */
  int _Py_SwappedOp[] = {Py_GT, Py_GE, Py_EQ, Py_NE, Py_LT, Py_LE};
  
  static const char * const opstrings[] = {"<", "<=", "==", "!=", ">", ">="};
  
  /* Perform a rich comparison, raising TypeError when the requested comparison
     operator is not supported. */
  static PyObject *
  do_richcompare(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
  {
      richcmpfunc f;
      PyObject *res;
      int checked_reverse_op = 0;
  
      if (!Py_IS_TYPE(v, Py_TYPE(w)) &&
          PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(w), Py_TYPE(v)) &&
          (f = Py_TYPE(w)->tp_richcompare) != NULL) {
          checked_reverse_op = 1;
          res = (*f)(w, v, _Py_SwappedOp[op]);
          if (res != Py_NotImplemented)
              return res;
          Py_DECREF(res);
      }
      if ((f = Py_TYPE(v)->tp_richcompare) != NULL) {
          res = (*f)(v, w, op);
          if (res != Py_NotImplemented)
              return res;
          Py_DECREF(res);
      }
      if (!checked_reverse_op && (f = Py_TYPE(w)->tp_richcompare) != NULL) {
          res = (*f)(w, v, _Py_SwappedOp[op]);
          if (res != Py_NotImplemented)
              return res;
          Py_DECREF(res);
      }
      /* If neither object implements it, provide a sensible default
         for == and !=, but raise an exception for ordering. */
      switch (op) {
      case Py_EQ:
          res = (v == w) ? Py_True : Py_False;
          break;
      case Py_NE:
          res = (v != w) ? Py_True : Py_False;
          break;
      default:
          _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                        "'%s' not supported between instances of '%.100s' and '%.100s'",
                        opstrings[op],
                        Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name,
                        Py_TYPE(w)->tp_name);
          return NULL;
      }
      Py_INCREF(res);
      return res;
  }
  
  /* Perform a rich comparison with object result.  This wraps do_richcompare()
     with a check for NULL arguments and a recursion check. */
  
  PyObject *
  PyObject_RichCompare(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
  
      assert(Py_LT <= op && op <= Py_GE);
      if (v == NULL || w == NULL) {
          if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
              PyErr_BadInternalCall();
          }
          return NULL;
      }
      if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " in comparison")) {
          return NULL;
      }
      PyObject *res = do_richcompare(tstate, v, w, op);
      _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(tstate);
      return res;
  }
  
  /* Perform a rich comparison with integer result.  This wraps
     PyObject_RichCompare(), returning -1 for error, 0 for false, 1 for true. */
  int
  PyObject_RichCompareBool(PyObject *v, PyObject *w, int op)
  {
      PyObject *res;
      int ok;
  
      /* Quick result when objects are the same.
         Guarantees that identity implies equality. */
      if (v == w) {
          if (op == Py_EQ)
              return 1;
          else if (op == Py_NE)
              return 0;
      }
  
      res = PyObject_RichCompare(v, w, op);
      if (res == NULL)
          return -1;
      if (PyBool_Check(res))
          ok = (res == Py_True);
      else
          ok = PyObject_IsTrue(res);
      Py_DECREF(res);
      return ok;
  }
  
  Py_hash_t
  PyObject_HashNotImplemented(PyObject *v)
  {
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "unhashable type: '%.200s'",
                   Py_TYPE(v)->tp_name);
      return -1;
  }
  
  Py_hash_t
  PyObject_Hash(PyObject *v)
  {
      PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(v);
      if (tp->tp_hash != NULL)
          return (*tp->tp_hash)(v);
      /* To keep to the general practice that inheriting
       * solely from object in C code should work without
       * an explicit call to PyType_Ready, we implicitly call
       * PyType_Ready here and then check the tp_hash slot again
       */
      if (tp->tp_dict == NULL) {
          if (PyType_Ready(tp) < 0)
              return -1;
          if (tp->tp_hash != NULL)
              return (*tp->tp_hash)(v);
      }
      /* Otherwise, the object can't be hashed */
      return PyObject_HashNotImplemented(v);
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyObject_GetAttrString(PyObject *v, const char *name)
  {
      PyObject *w, *res;
  
      if (Py_TYPE(v)->tp_getattr != NULL)
          return (*Py_TYPE(v)->tp_getattr)(v, (char*)name);
      w = PyUnicode_FromString(name);
      if (w == NULL)
          return NULL;
      res = PyObject_GetAttr(v, w);
      Py_DECREF(w);
      return res;
  }
  
  int
  PyObject_HasAttrString(PyObject *v, const char *name)
  {
      PyObject *res = PyObject_GetAttrString(v, name);
      if (res != NULL) {
          Py_DECREF(res);
          return 1;
      }
      PyErr_Clear();
      return 0;
  }
  
  int
  PyObject_SetAttrString(PyObject *v, const char *name, PyObject *w)
  {
      PyObject *s;
      int res;
  
      if (Py_TYPE(v)->tp_setattr != NULL)
          return (*Py_TYPE(v)->tp_setattr)(v, (char*)name, w);
      s = PyUnicode_InternFromString(name);
      if (s == NULL)
          return -1;
      res = PyObject_SetAttr(v, s, w);
      Py_XDECREF(s);
      return res;
  }
  
  int
  _PyObject_IsAbstract(PyObject *obj)
  {
      int res;
      PyObject* isabstract;
  
      if (obj == NULL)
          return 0;
  
      res = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(obj, &PyId___isabstractmethod__, &isabstract);
      if (res > 0) {
          res = PyObject_IsTrue(isabstract);
          Py_DECREF(isabstract);
      }
      return res;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  _PyObject_GetAttrId(PyObject *v, _Py_Identifier *name)
  {
      PyObject *result;
      PyObject *oname = _PyUnicode_FromId(name); /* borrowed */
      if (!oname)
          return NULL;
      result = PyObject_GetAttr(v, oname);
      return result;
  }
  
  int
  _PyObject_SetAttrId(PyObject *v, _Py_Identifier *name, PyObject *w)
  {
      int result;
      PyObject *oname = _PyUnicode_FromId(name); /* borrowed */
      if (!oname)
          return -1;
      result = PyObject_SetAttr(v, oname, w);
      return result;
  }
  
  static inline int
  set_attribute_error_context(PyObject* v, PyObject* name)
  {
      assert(PyErr_Occurred());
      _Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
      _Py_IDENTIFIER(obj);
      // Intercept AttributeError exceptions and augment them to offer
      // suggestions later.
      if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)){
          PyObject *type, *value, *traceback;
          PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &traceback);
          PyErr_NormalizeException(&type, &value, &traceback);
          if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(value, PyExc_AttributeError) &&
              (_PyObject_SetAttrId(value, &PyId_name, name) ||
               _PyObject_SetAttrId(value, &PyId_obj, v))) {
              return 1;
          }
          PyErr_Restore(type, value, traceback);
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyObject_GetAttr(PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
  {
      PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(v);
      if (!PyUnicode_Check(name)) {
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                       "attribute name must be string, not '%.200s'",
                       Py_TYPE(name)->tp_name);
          return NULL;
      }
  
      PyObject* result = NULL;
      if (tp->tp_getattro != NULL) {
          result = (*tp->tp_getattro)(v, name);
      }
      else if (tp->tp_getattr != NULL) {
          const char *name_str = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(name);
          if (name_str == NULL) {
              return NULL;
          }
          result = (*tp->tp_getattr)(v, (char *)name_str);
      }
      else {
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
                      "'%.50s' object has no attribute '%U'",
                      tp->tp_name, name);
      }
  
      if (result == NULL) {
          set_attribute_error_context(v, name);
      }
      return result;
  }
  
  int
  _PyObject_LookupAttr(PyObject *v, PyObject *name, PyObject **result)
  {
      PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(v);
  
      if (!PyUnicode_Check(name)) {
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                       "attribute name must be string, not '%.200s'",
                       Py_TYPE(name)->tp_name);
          *result = NULL;
          return -1;
      }
  
      if (tp->tp_getattro == PyObject_GenericGetAttr) {
          *result = _PyObject_GenericGetAttrWithDict(v, name, NULL, 1);
          if (*result != NULL) {
              return 1;
          }
          if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
              return -1;
          }
          return 0;
      }
      if (tp->tp_getattro != NULL) {
          *result = (*tp->tp_getattro)(v, name);
      }
      else if (tp->tp_getattr != NULL) {
          const char *name_str = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(name);
          if (name_str == NULL) {
              *result = NULL;
              return -1;
          }
          *result = (*tp->tp_getattr)(v, (char *)name_str);
      }
      else {
          *result = NULL;
          return 0;
      }
  
      if (*result != NULL) {
          return 1;
      }
      if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
          return -1;
      }
      PyErr_Clear();
      return 0;
  }
  
  int
  _PyObject_LookupAttrId(PyObject *v, _Py_Identifier *name, PyObject **result)
  {
      PyObject *oname = _PyUnicode_FromId(name); /* borrowed */
      if (!oname) {
          *result = NULL;
          return -1;
      }
      return  _PyObject_LookupAttr(v, oname, result);
  }
  
  int
  PyObject_HasAttr(PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
  {
      PyObject *res;
      if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(v, name, &res) < 0) {
          PyErr_Clear();
          return 0;
      }
      if (res == NULL) {
          return 0;
      }
      Py_DECREF(res);
      return 1;
  }
  
  int
  PyObject_SetAttr(PyObject *v, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
  {
      PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(v);
      int err;
  
      if (!PyUnicode_Check(name)) {
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                       "attribute name must be string, not '%.200s'",
                       Py_TYPE(name)->tp_name);
          return -1;
      }
      Py_INCREF(name);
  
      PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&name);
      if (tp->tp_setattro != NULL) {
          err = (*tp->tp_setattro)(v, name, value);
          Py_DECREF(name);
          return err;
      }
      if (tp->tp_setattr != NULL) {
          const char *name_str = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(name);
          if (name_str == NULL) {
              Py_DECREF(name);
              return -1;
          }
          err = (*tp->tp_setattr)(v, (char *)name_str, value);
          Py_DECREF(name);
          return err;
      }
      Py_DECREF(name);
      _PyObject_ASSERT(name, Py_REFCNT(name) >= 1);
      if (tp->tp_getattr == NULL && tp->tp_getattro == NULL)
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                       "'%.100s' object has no attributes "
                       "(%s .%U)",
                       tp->tp_name,
                       value==NULL ? "del" : "assign to",
                       name);
      else
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                       "'%.100s' object has only read-only attributes "
                       "(%s .%U)",
                       tp->tp_name,
                       value==NULL ? "del" : "assign to",
                       name);
      return -1;
  }
  
  /* Helper to get a pointer to an object's __dict__ slot, if any */
  
  PyObject **
  _PyObject_GetDictPtr(PyObject *obj)
  {
      Py_ssize_t dictoffset;
      PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(obj);
  
      dictoffset = tp->tp_dictoffset;
      if (dictoffset == 0)
          return NULL;
      if (dictoffset < 0) {
          Py_ssize_t tsize = Py_SIZE(obj);
          if (tsize < 0) {
              tsize = -tsize;
          }
          size_t size = _PyObject_VAR_SIZE(tp, tsize);
  
          dictoffset += (long)size;
          _PyObject_ASSERT(obj, dictoffset > 0);
          _PyObject_ASSERT(obj, dictoffset % SIZEOF_VOID_P == 0);
      }
      return (PyObject **) ((char *)obj + dictoffset);
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyObject_SelfIter(PyObject *obj)
  {
      Py_INCREF(obj);
      return obj;
  }
  
  /* Helper used when the __next__ method is removed from a type:
     tp_iternext is never NULL and can be safely called without checking
     on every iteration.
   */
  
  PyObject *
  _PyObject_NextNotImplemented(PyObject *self)
  {
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                   "'%.200s' object is not iterable",
                   Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  
  /* Specialized version of _PyObject_GenericGetAttrWithDict
     specifically for the LOAD_METHOD opcode.
  
     Return 1 if a method is found, 0 if it's a regular attribute
     from __dict__ or something returned by using a descriptor
     protocol.
  
     `method` will point to the resolved attribute or NULL.  In the
     latter case, an error will be set.
  */
  int
  _PyObject_GetMethod(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name, PyObject **method)
  {
      int meth_found = 0;
  
      assert(*method == NULL);
  
      PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(obj);
      if (!_PyType_IsReady(tp)) {
          if (PyType_Ready(tp) < 0) {
              return 0;
          }
      }
  
      if (tp->tp_getattro != PyObject_GenericGetAttr || !PyUnicode_Check(name)) {
          *method = PyObject_GetAttr(obj, name);
          return 0;
      }
  
      PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup(tp, name);
      descrgetfunc f = NULL;
      if (descr != NULL) {
          Py_INCREF(descr);
          if (_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR)) {
              meth_found = 1;
          } else {
              f = Py_TYPE(descr)->tp_descr_get;
              if (f != NULL && PyDescr_IsData(descr)) {
                  *method = f(descr, obj, (PyObject *)Py_TYPE(obj));
                  Py_DECREF(descr);
                  return 0;
              }
          }
      }
  
      PyObject **dictptr = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(obj);
      PyObject *dict;
      if (dictptr != NULL && (dict = *dictptr) != NULL) {
          Py_INCREF(dict);
          PyObject *attr = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, name);
          if (attr != NULL) {
              *method = Py_NewRef(attr);
              Py_DECREF(dict);
              Py_XDECREF(descr);
              return 0;
          }
          Py_DECREF(dict);
  
          if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
              Py_XDECREF(descr);
              return 0;
          }
      }
  
      if (meth_found) {
          *method = descr;
          return 1;
      }
  
      if (f != NULL) {
          *method = f(descr, obj, (PyObject *)Py_TYPE(obj));
          Py_DECREF(descr);
          return 0;
      }
  
      if (descr != NULL) {
          *method = descr;
          return 0;
      }
  
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
                   "'%.50s' object has no attribute '%U'",
                   tp->tp_name, name);
  
      set_attribute_error_context(obj, name);
      return 0;
  }
  
  /* Generic GetAttr functions - put these in your tp_[gs]etattro slot. */
  
  PyObject *
  _PyObject_GenericGetAttrWithDict(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name,
                                   PyObject *dict, int suppress)
  {
      /* Make sure the logic of _PyObject_GetMethod is in sync with
         this method.
  
         When suppress=1, this function suppresses AttributeError.
      */
  
      PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(obj);
      PyObject *descr = NULL;
      PyObject *res = NULL;
      descrgetfunc f;
      Py_ssize_t dictoffset;
      PyObject **dictptr;
  
      if (!PyUnicode_Check(name)){
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                       "attribute name must be string, not '%.200s'",
                       Py_TYPE(name)->tp_name);
          return NULL;
      }
      Py_INCREF(name);
  
      if (tp->tp_dict == NULL) {
          if (PyType_Ready(tp) < 0)
              goto done;
      }
  
      descr = _PyType_Lookup(tp, name);
  
      f = NULL;
      if (descr != NULL) {
          Py_INCREF(descr);
          f = Py_TYPE(descr)->tp_descr_get;
          if (f != NULL && PyDescr_IsData(descr)) {
              res = f(descr, obj, (PyObject *)Py_TYPE(obj));
              if (res == NULL && suppress &&
                      PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
                  PyErr_Clear();
              }
              goto done;
          }
      }
  
      if (dict == NULL) {
          /* Inline _PyObject_GetDictPtr */
          dictoffset = tp->tp_dictoffset;
          if (dictoffset != 0) {
              if (dictoffset < 0) {
                  Py_ssize_t tsize = Py_SIZE(obj);
                  if (tsize < 0) {
                      tsize = -tsize;
                  }
                  size_t size = _PyObject_VAR_SIZE(tp, tsize);
                  _PyObject_ASSERT(obj, size <= PY_SSIZE_T_MAX);
  
                  dictoffset += (Py_ssize_t)size;
                  _PyObject_ASSERT(obj, dictoffset > 0);
                  _PyObject_ASSERT(obj, dictoffset % SIZEOF_VOID_P == 0);
              }
              dictptr = (PyObject **) ((char *)obj + dictoffset);
              dict = *dictptr;
          }
      }
      if (dict != NULL) {
          Py_INCREF(dict);
          res = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, name);
          if (res != NULL) {
              Py_INCREF(res);
              Py_DECREF(dict);
              goto done;
          }
          else {
              Py_DECREF(dict);
              if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
                  if (suppress && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
                      PyErr_Clear();
                  }
                  else {
                      goto done;
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      if (f != NULL) {
          res = f(descr, obj, (PyObject *)Py_TYPE(obj));
          if (res == NULL && suppress &&
                  PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
              PyErr_Clear();
          }
          goto done;
      }
  
      if (descr != NULL) {
          res = descr;
          descr = NULL;
          goto done;
      }
  
      if (!suppress) {
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
                       "'%.50s' object has no attribute '%U'",
                       tp->tp_name, name);
      }
    done:
      Py_XDECREF(descr);
      Py_DECREF(name);
      return res;
  }
  
  PyObject *
  PyObject_GenericGetAttr(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name)
  {
      return _PyObject_GenericGetAttrWithDict(obj, name, NULL, 0);
  }
  
  int
  _PyObject_GenericSetAttrWithDict(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name,
                                   PyObject *value, PyObject *dict)
  {
      PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(obj);
      PyObject *descr;
      descrsetfunc f;
      PyObject **dictptr;
      int res = -1;
  
      if (!PyUnicode_Check(name)){
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                       "attribute name must be string, not '%.200s'",
                       Py_TYPE(name)->tp_name);
          return -1;
      }
  
      if (tp->tp_dict == NULL && PyType_Ready(tp) < 0)
          return -1;
  
      Py_INCREF(name);
  
      descr = _PyType_Lookup(tp, name);
  
      if (descr != NULL) {
          Py_INCREF(descr);
          f = Py_TYPE(descr)->tp_descr_set;
          if (f != NULL) {
              res = f(descr, obj, value);
              goto done;
          }
      }
  
      /* XXX [Steve Dower] These are really noisy - worth it? */
      /*if (PyType_Check(obj) || PyModule_Check(obj)) {
          if (value && PySys_Audit("object.__setattr__", "OOO", obj, name, value) < 0)
              return -1;
          if (!value && PySys_Audit("object.__delattr__", "OO", obj, name) < 0)
              return -1;
      }*/
  
      if (dict == NULL) {
          dictptr = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(obj);
          if (dictptr == NULL) {
              if (descr == NULL) {
                  PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
                               "'%.100s' object has no attribute '%U'",
                               tp->tp_name, name);
              }
              else {
                  PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
                               "'%.50s' object attribute '%U' is read-only",
                               tp->tp_name, name);
              }
              goto done;
          }
          res = _PyObjectDict_SetItem(tp, dictptr, name, value);
      }
      else {
          Py_INCREF(dict);
          if (value == NULL)
              res = PyDict_DelItem(dict, name);
          else
              res = PyDict_SetItem(dict, name, value);
          Py_DECREF(dict);
      }
      if (res < 0 && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError))
          PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_AttributeError, name);
  
    done:
      Py_XDECREF(descr);
      Py_DECREF(name);
      return res;
  }
  
  int
  PyObject_GenericSetAttr(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
  {
      return _PyObject_GenericSetAttrWithDict(obj, name, value, NULL);
  }
  
  int
  PyObject_GenericSetDict(PyObject *obj, PyObject *value, void *context)
  {
      PyObject **dictptr = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(obj);
      if (dictptr == NULL) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError,
                          "This object has no __dict__");
          return -1;
      }
      if (value == NULL) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "cannot delete __dict__");
          return -1;
      }
      if (!PyDict_Check(value)) {
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                       "__dict__ must be set to a dictionary, "
                       "not a '%.200s'", Py_TYPE(value)->tp_name);
          return -1;
      }
      Py_INCREF(value);
      Py_XSETREF(*dictptr, value);
      return 0;
  }
  
  
  /* Test a value used as condition, e.g., in a while or if statement.
     Return -1 if an error occurred */
  
  int
  PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject *v)
  {
      Py_ssize_t res;
      if (v == Py_True)
          return 1;
      if (v == Py_False)
          return 0;
      if (v == Py_None)
          return 0;
      else if (Py_TYPE(v)->tp_as_number != NULL &&
               Py_TYPE(v)->tp_as_number->nb_bool != NULL)
          res = (*Py_TYPE(v)->tp_as_number->nb_bool)(v);
      else if (Py_TYPE(v)->tp_as_mapping != NULL &&
               Py_TYPE(v)->tp_as_mapping->mp_length != NULL)
          res = (*Py_TYPE(v)->tp_as_mapping->mp_length)(v);
      else if (Py_TYPE(v)->tp_as_sequence != NULL &&
               Py_TYPE(v)->tp_as_sequence->sq_length != NULL)
          res = (*Py_TYPE(v)->tp_as_sequence->sq_length)(v);
      else
          return 1;
      /* if it is negative, it should be either -1 or -2 */
      return (res > 0) ? 1 : Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(res, Py_ssize_t, int);
  }
  
  /* equivalent of 'not v'
     Return -1 if an error occurred */
  
  int
  PyObject_Not(PyObject *v)
  {
      int res;
      res = PyObject_IsTrue(v);
      if (res < 0)
          return res;
      return res == 0;
  }
  
  /* Test whether an object can be called */
  
  int
  PyCallable_Check(PyObject *x)
  {
      if (x == NULL)
          return 0;
      return Py_TYPE(x)->tp_call != NULL;
  }
  
  
  /* Helper for PyObject_Dir without arguments: returns the local scope. */
  static PyObject *
  _dir_locals(void)
  {
      PyObject *names;
      PyObject *locals;
  
      locals = PyEval_GetLocals();
      if (locals == NULL)
          return NULL;
  
      names = PyMapping_Keys(locals);
      if (!names)
          return NULL;
      if (!PyList_Check(names)) {
          PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
              "dir(): expected keys() of locals to be a list, "
              "not '%.200s'", Py_TYPE(names)->tp_name);
          Py_DECREF(names);
          return NULL;
      }
      if (PyList_Sort(names)) {
          Py_DECREF(names);
          return NULL;
      }
      /* the locals don't need to be DECREF'd */
      return names;
  }
  
  /* Helper for PyObject_Dir: object introspection. */
  static PyObject *
  _dir_object(PyObject *obj)
  {
      PyObject *result, *sorted;
      PyObject *dirfunc = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(obj, &PyId___dir__);
  
      assert(obj != NULL);
      if (dirfunc == NULL) {
          if (!PyErr_Occurred())
              PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "object does not provide __dir__");
          return NULL;
      }
      /* use __dir__ */
      result = _PyObject_CallNoArg(dirfunc);
      Py_DECREF(dirfunc);
      if (result == NULL)
          return NULL;
      /* return sorted(result) */
      sorted = PySequence_List(result);
      Py_DECREF(result);
      if (sorted == NULL)
          return NULL;
      if (PyList_Sort(sorted)) {
          Py_DECREF(sorted);
          return NULL;
      }
      return sorted;
  }
  
  /* Implementation of dir() -- if obj is NULL, returns the names in the current
     (local) scope.  Otherwise, performs introspection of the object: returns a
     sorted list of attribute names (supposedly) accessible from the object
  */
  PyObject *
  PyObject_Dir(PyObject *obj)
  {
      return (obj == NULL) ? _dir_locals() : _dir_object(obj);
  }
  
  /*
  None is a non-NULL undefined value.
  There is (and should be!) no way to create other objects of this type,
  so there is exactly one (which is indestructible, by the way).
  */
  
  /* ARGSUSED */
  static PyObject *
  none_repr(PyObject *op)
  {
      return PyUnicode_FromString("None");
  }
  
  /* ARGUSED */
  static void _Py_NO_RETURN
  none_dealloc(PyObject* ignore)
  {
      /* This should never get called, but we also don't want to SEGV if
       * we accidentally decref None out of existence.
       */
      Py_FatalError("deallocating None");
  }
  
  static PyObject *
  none_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
  {
      if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) || (kwargs && PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs))) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "NoneType takes no arguments");
          return NULL;
      }
      Py_RETURN_NONE;
  }
  
  static int
  none_bool(PyObject *v)
  {
      return 0;
  }
  
  static PyNumberMethods none_as_number = {
      0,                          /* nb_add */
      0,                          /* nb_subtract */
      0,                          /* nb_multiply */
      0,                          /* nb_remainder */
      0,                          /* nb_divmod */
      0,                          /* nb_power */
      0,                          /* nb_negative */
      0,                          /* nb_positive */
      0,                          /* nb_absolute */
      (inquiry)none_bool,         /* nb_bool */
      0,                          /* nb_invert */
      0,                          /* nb_lshift */
      0,                          /* nb_rshift */
      0,                          /* nb_and */
      0,                          /* nb_xor */
      0,                          /* nb_or */
      0,                          /* nb_int */
      0,                          /* nb_reserved */
      0,                          /* nb_float */
      0,                          /* nb_inplace_add */
      0,                          /* nb_inplace_subtract */
      0,                          /* nb_inplace_multiply */
      0,                          /* nb_inplace_remainder */
      0,                          /* nb_inplace_power */
      0,                          /* nb_inplace_lshift */
      0,                          /* nb_inplace_rshift */
      0,                          /* nb_inplace_and */
      0,                          /* nb_inplace_xor */
      0,                          /* nb_inplace_or */
      0,                          /* nb_floor_divide */
      0,                          /* nb_true_divide */
      0,                          /* nb_inplace_floor_divide */
      0,                          /* nb_inplace_true_divide */
      0,                          /* nb_index */
  };
  
  PyTypeObject _PyNone_Type = {
      PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
      "NoneType",
      0,
      0,
      none_dealloc,       /*tp_dealloc*/ /*never called*/
      0,                  /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
      0,                  /*tp_getattr*/
      0,                  /*tp_setattr*/
      0,                  /*tp_as_async*/
      none_repr,          /*tp_repr*/
      &none_as_number,    /*tp_as_number*/
      0,                  /*tp_as_sequence*/
      0,                  /*tp_as_mapping*/
      0,                  /*tp_hash */
      0,                  /*tp_call */
      0,                  /*tp_str */
      0,                  /*tp_getattro */
      0,                  /*tp_setattro */
      0,                  /*tp_as_buffer */
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, /*tp_flags */
      0,                  /*tp_doc */
      0,                  /*tp_traverse */
      0,                  /*tp_clear */
      0,                  /*tp_richcompare */
      0,                  /*tp_weaklistoffset */
      0,                  /*tp_iter */
      0,                  /*tp_iternext */
      0,                  /*tp_methods */
      0,                  /*tp_members */
      0,                  /*tp_getset */
      0,                  /*tp_base */
      0,                  /*tp_dict */
      0,                  /*tp_descr_get */
      0,                  /*tp_descr_set */
      0,                  /*tp_dictoffset */
      0,                  /*tp_init */
      0,                  /*tp_alloc */
      none_new,           /*tp_new */
  };
  
  PyObject _Py_NoneStruct = {
    _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT
    1, &_PyNone_Type
  };
  
  /* NotImplemented is an object that can be used to signal that an
     operation is not implemented for the given type combination. */
  
  static PyObject *
  NotImplemented_repr(PyObject *op)
  {
      return PyUnicode_FromString("NotImplemented");
  }
  
  static PyObject *
  NotImplemented_reduce(PyObject *op, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
  {
      return PyUnicode_FromString("NotImplemented");
  }
  
  static PyMethodDef notimplemented_methods[] = {
      {"__reduce__", NotImplemented_reduce, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
      {NULL, NULL}
  };
  
  static PyObject *
  notimplemented_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs)
  {
      if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) || (kwargs && PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs))) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "NotImplementedType takes no arguments");
          return NULL;
      }
      Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
  }
  
  static void _Py_NO_RETURN
  notimplemented_dealloc(PyObject* ignore)
  {
      /* This should never get called, but we also don't want to SEGV if
       * we accidentally decref NotImplemented out of existence.
       */
      Py_FatalError("deallocating NotImplemented");
  }
  
  static int
  notimplemented_bool(PyObject *v)
  {
      if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
                       "NotImplemented should not be used in a boolean context",
                       1) < 0)
      {
          return -1;
      }
      return 1;
  }
  
  static PyNumberMethods notimplemented_as_number = {
      .nb_bool = notimplemented_bool,
  };
  
  PyTypeObject _PyNotImplemented_Type = {
      PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
      "NotImplementedType",
      0,
      0,
      notimplemented_dealloc,       /*tp_dealloc*/ /*never called*/
      0,                  /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
      0,                  /*tp_getattr*/
      0,                  /*tp_setattr*/
      0,                  /*tp_as_async*/
      NotImplemented_repr,        /*tp_repr*/
      &notimplemented_as_number,  /*tp_as_number*/
      0,                  /*tp_as_sequence*/
      0,                  /*tp_as_mapping*/
      0,                  /*tp_hash */
      0,                  /*tp_call */
      0,                  /*tp_str */
      0,                  /*tp_getattro */
      0,                  /*tp_setattro */
      0,                  /*tp_as_buffer */
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, /*tp_flags */
      0,                  /*tp_doc */
      0,                  /*tp_traverse */
      0,                  /*tp_clear */
      0,                  /*tp_richcompare */
      0,                  /*tp_weaklistoffset */
      0,                  /*tp_iter */
      0,                  /*tp_iternext */
      notimplemented_methods, /*tp_methods */
      0,                  /*tp_members */
      0,                  /*tp_getset */
      0,                  /*tp_base */
      0,                  /*tp_dict */
      0,                  /*tp_descr_get */
      0,                  /*tp_descr_set */
      0,                  /*tp_dictoffset */
      0,                  /*tp_init */
      0,                  /*tp_alloc */
      notimplemented_new, /*tp_new */
  };
  
  PyObject _Py_NotImplementedStruct = {
      _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT
      1, &_PyNotImplemented_Type
  };
  
  PyStatus
  _PyTypes_Init(void)
  {
      PyStatus status = _PyTypes_InitSlotDefs();
      if (_PyStatus_EXCEPTION(status)) {
          return status;
      }
  
  #define INIT_TYPE(TYPE) \
      do { \
          if (PyType_Ready(&(TYPE)) < 0) { \
              return _PyStatus_ERR("Can't initialize " #TYPE " type"); \
          } \
      } while (0)
  
      // Base types
      INIT_TYPE(PyBaseObject_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyType_Type);
      assert(PyBaseObject_Type.tp_base == NULL);
      assert(PyType_Type.tp_base == &PyBaseObject_Type);
  
      // All other static types
      INIT_TYPE(PyAsyncGen_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyBool_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyByteArrayIter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyByteArray_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyBytesIter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyBytes_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyCFunction_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyCMethod_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyCallIter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyCapsule_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyCell_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyClassMethodDescr_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyClassMethod_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyCode_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyComplex_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyCoro_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyDictItems_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyDictIterItem_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyDictIterKey_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyDictIterValue_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyDictKeys_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyDictProxy_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyDictRevIterItem_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyDictRevIterKey_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyDictRevIterValue_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyDictValues_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyDict_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyEllipsis_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyEnum_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyFloat_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyFrame_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyFrozenSet_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyFunction_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyGen_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyGetSetDescr_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyInstanceMethod_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyListIter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyListRevIter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyList_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyLongRangeIter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyLong_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyMemberDescr_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyMemoryView_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyMethodDescr_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyMethod_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyModuleDef_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyModule_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyODictItems_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyODictIter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyODictKeys_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyODictValues_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyODict_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyPickleBuffer_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyProperty_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyRangeIter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyRange_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyReversed_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PySTEntry_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PySeqIter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PySetIter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PySet_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PySlice_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyStaticMethod_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyStdPrinter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PySuper_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyTraceBack_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyTupleIter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyTuple_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyUnicodeIter_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyUnicode_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(PyWrapperDescr_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(Py_GenericAliasType);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyAnextAwaitable_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyAsyncGenASend_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyAsyncGenAThrow_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyAsyncGenWrappedValue_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyCoroWrapper_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyInterpreterID_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyManagedBuffer_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyMethodWrapper_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyNamespace_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyNone_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyNotImplemented_Type);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyWeakref_CallableProxyType);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyWeakref_ProxyType);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyWeakref_RefType);
      INIT_TYPE(_PyUnion_Type);
  
      return _PyStatus_OK();
  #undef INIT_TYPE
  }
  
  
  void
  _Py_NewReference(PyObject *op)
  {
      if (_Py_tracemalloc_config.tracing) {
          _PyTraceMalloc_NewReference(op);
      }
  #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
      _Py_RefTotal++;
  #endif
      Py_SET_REFCNT(op, 1);
  #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
      _Py_AddToAllObjects(op, 1);
  #endif
  }
  
  
  #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
  void
  _Py_ForgetReference(PyObject *op)
  {
      if (Py_REFCNT(op) < 0) {
          _PyObject_ASSERT_FAILED_MSG(op, "negative refcnt");
      }
  
      if (op == &refchain ||
          op->_ob_prev->_ob_next != op || op->_ob_next->_ob_prev != op)
      {
          _PyObject_ASSERT_FAILED_MSG(op, "invalid object chain");
      }
  
  #ifdef SLOW_UNREF_CHECK
      PyObject *p;
      for (p = refchain._ob_next; p != &refchain; p = p->_ob_next) {
          if (p == op) {
              break;
          }
      }
      if (p == &refchain) {
          /* Not found */
          _PyObject_ASSERT_FAILED_MSG(op,
                                      "object not found in the objects list");
      }
  #endif
  
      op->_ob_next->_ob_prev = op->_ob_prev;
      op->_ob_prev->_ob_next = op->_ob_next;
      op->_ob_next = op->_ob_prev = NULL;
  }
  
  /* Print all live objects.  Because PyObject_Print is called, the
   * interpreter must be in a healthy state.
   */
  void
  _Py_PrintReferences(FILE *fp)
  {
      PyObject *op;
      fprintf(fp, "Remaining objects:\n");
      for (op = refchain._ob_next; op != &refchain; op = op->_ob_next) {
          fprintf(fp, "%p [%zd] ", (void *)op, Py_REFCNT(op));
          if (PyObject_Print(op, fp, 0) != 0) {
              PyErr_Clear();
          }
          putc('\n', fp);
      }
  }
  
  /* Print the addresses of all live objects.  Unlike _Py_PrintReferences, this
   * doesn't make any calls to the Python C API, so is always safe to call.
   */
  void
  _Py_PrintReferenceAddresses(FILE *fp)
  {
      PyObject *op;
      fprintf(fp, "Remaining object addresses:\n");
      for (op = refchain._ob_next; op != &refchain; op = op->_ob_next)
          fprintf(fp, "%p [%zd] %s\n", (void *)op,
              Py_REFCNT(op), Py_TYPE(op)->tp_name);
  }
  
  PyObject *
  _Py_GetObjects(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
  {
      int i, n;
      PyObject *t = NULL;
      PyObject *res, *op;
  
      if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i|O", &n, &t))
          return NULL;
      op = refchain._ob_next;
      res = PyList_New(0);
      if (res == NULL)
          return NULL;
      for (i = 0; (n == 0 || i < n) && op != &refchain; i++) {
          while (op == self || op == args || op == res || op == t ||
                 (t != NULL && !Py_IS_TYPE(op, (PyTypeObject *) t))) {
              op = op->_ob_next;
              if (op == &refchain)
                  return res;
          }
          if (PyList_Append(res, op) < 0) {
              Py_DECREF(res);
              return NULL;
          }
          op = op->_ob_next;
      }
      return res;
  }
  
  #endif
  
  
  /* Hack to force loading of abstract.o */
  Py_ssize_t (*_Py_abstract_hack)(PyObject *) = PyObject_Size;
  
  
  void
  _PyObject_DebugTypeStats(FILE *out)
  {
      _PyDict_DebugMallocStats(out);
      _PyFloat_DebugMallocStats(out);
      _PyFrame_DebugMallocStats(out);
      _PyList_DebugMallocStats(out);
      _PyTuple_DebugMallocStats(out);
  }
  
  /* These methods are used to control infinite recursion in repr, str, print,
     etc.  Container objects that may recursively contain themselves,
     e.g. builtin dictionaries and lists, should use Py_ReprEnter() and
     Py_ReprLeave() to avoid infinite recursion.
  
     Py_ReprEnter() returns 0 the first time it is called for a particular
     object and 1 every time thereafter.  It returns -1 if an exception
     occurred.  Py_ReprLeave() has no return value.
  
     See dictobject.c and listobject.c for examples of use.
  */
  
  int
  Py_ReprEnter(PyObject *obj)
  {
      PyObject *dict;
      PyObject *list;
      Py_ssize_t i;
  
      dict = PyThreadState_GetDict();
      /* Ignore a missing thread-state, so that this function can be called
         early on startup. */
      if (dict == NULL)
          return 0;
      list = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(dict, &PyId_Py_Repr);
      if (list == NULL) {
          if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
              return -1;
          }
          list = PyList_New(0);
          if (list == NULL)
              return -1;
          if (_PyDict_SetItemId(dict, &PyId_Py_Repr, list) < 0)
              return -1;
          Py_DECREF(list);
      }
      i = PyList_GET_SIZE(list);
      while (--i >= 0) {
          if (PyList_GET_ITEM(list, i) == obj)
              return 1;
      }
      if (PyList_Append(list, obj) < 0)
          return -1;
      return 0;
  }
  
  void
  Py_ReprLeave(PyObject *obj)
  {
      PyObject *dict;
      PyObject *list;
      Py_ssize_t i;
      PyObject *error_type, *error_value, *error_traceback;
  
      PyErr_Fetch(&error_type, &error_value, &error_traceback);
  
      dict = PyThreadState_GetDict();
      if (dict == NULL)
          goto finally;
  
      list = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(dict, &PyId_Py_Repr);
      if (list == NULL || !PyList_Check(list))
          goto finally;
  
      i = PyList_GET_SIZE(list);
      /* Count backwards because we always expect obj to be list[-1] */
      while (--i >= 0) {
          if (PyList_GET_ITEM(list, i) == obj) {
              PyList_SetSlice(list, i, i + 1, NULL);
              break;
          }
      }
  
  finally:
      /* ignore exceptions because there is no way to report them. */
      PyErr_Restore(error_type, error_value, error_traceback);
  }
  
  /* Trashcan support. */
  
  #define _PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL 50
  
  /* Add op to the gcstate->trash_delete_later list.  Called when the current
   * call-stack depth gets large.  op must be a currently untracked gc'ed
   * object, with refcount 0.  Py_DECREF must already have been called on it.
   */
  static void
  _PyTrash_thread_deposit_object(PyObject *op)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      _PyObject_ASSERT(op, _PyObject_IS_GC(op));
      _PyObject_ASSERT(op, !_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(op));
      _PyObject_ASSERT(op, Py_REFCNT(op) == 0);
      _PyGCHead_SET_PREV(_Py_AS_GC(op), tstate->trash_delete_later);
      tstate->trash_delete_later = op;
  }
  
  /* Deallocate all the objects in the gcstate->trash_delete_later list.
   * Called when the call-stack unwinds again. */
  static void
  _PyTrash_thread_destroy_chain(void)
  {
      PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
      /* We need to increase trash_delete_nesting here, otherwise,
         _PyTrash_thread_destroy_chain will be called recursively
         and then possibly crash.  An example that may crash without
         increase:
             N = 500000  # need to be large enough
             ob = object()
             tups = [(ob,) for i in range(N)]
             for i in range(49):
                 tups = [(tup,) for tup in tups]
             del tups
      */
      assert(tstate->trash_delete_nesting == 0);
      ++tstate->trash_delete_nesting;
      while (tstate->trash_delete_later) {
          PyObject *op = tstate->trash_delete_later;
          destructor dealloc = Py_TYPE(op)->tp_dealloc;
  
          tstate->trash_delete_later =
              (PyObject*) _PyGCHead_PREV(_Py_AS_GC(op));
  
          /* Call the deallocator directly.  This used to try to
           * fool Py_DECREF into calling it indirectly, but
           * Py_DECREF was already called on this object, and in
           * assorted non-release builds calling Py_DECREF again ends
           * up distorting allocation statistics.
           */
          _PyObject_ASSERT(op, Py_REFCNT(op) == 0);
          (*dealloc)(op);
          assert(tstate->trash_delete_nesting == 1);
      }
      --tstate->trash_delete_nesting;
  }
  
  
  int
  _PyTrash_begin(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *op)
  {
      if (tstate->trash_delete_nesting >= _PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL) {
          /* Store the object (to be deallocated later) and jump past
           * Py_TRASHCAN_END, skipping the body of the deallocator */
          _PyTrash_thread_deposit_object(op);
          return 1;
      }
      ++tstate->trash_delete_nesting;
      return 0;
  }
  
  
  void
  _PyTrash_end(PyThreadState *tstate)
  {
      --tstate->trash_delete_nesting;
      if (tstate->trash_delete_later && tstate->trash_delete_nesting <= 0) {
          _PyTrash_thread_destroy_chain();
      }
  }
  
  
  /* bpo-40170: It's only be used in Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN macro to hide
     implementation details. */
  int
  _PyTrash_cond(PyObject *op, destructor dealloc)
  {
      return Py_TYPE(op)->tp_dealloc == dealloc;
  }
  
  
  void _Py_NO_RETURN
  _PyObject_AssertFailed(PyObject *obj, const char *expr, const char *msg,
                         const char *file, int line, const char *function)
  {
      fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: ", file, line);
      if (function) {
          fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", function);
      }
      fflush(stderr);
  
      if (expr) {
          fprintf(stderr, "Assertion \"%s\" failed", expr);
      }
      else {
          fprintf(stderr, "Assertion failed");
      }
      fflush(stderr);
  
      if (msg) {
          fprintf(stderr, ": %s", msg);
      }
      fprintf(stderr, "\n");
      fflush(stderr);
  
      if (_PyObject_IsFreed(obj)) {
          /* It seems like the object memory has been freed:
             don't access it to prevent a segmentation fault. */
          fprintf(stderr, "<object at %p is freed>\n", obj);
          fflush(stderr);
      }
      else {
          /* Display the traceback where the object has been allocated.
             Do it before dumping repr(obj), since repr() is more likely
             to crash than dumping the traceback. */
          void *ptr;
          PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj);
          if (_PyType_IS_GC(type)) {
              ptr = (void *)((char *)obj - sizeof(PyGC_Head));
          }
          else {
              ptr = (void *)obj;
          }
          _PyMem_DumpTraceback(fileno(stderr), ptr);
  
          /* This might succeed or fail, but we're about to abort, so at least
             try to provide any extra info we can: */
          _PyObject_Dump(obj);
  
          fprintf(stderr, "\n");
          fflush(stderr);
      }
  
      Py_FatalError("_PyObject_AssertFailed");
  }
  
  
  void
  _Py_Dealloc(PyObject *op)
  {
      destructor dealloc = Py_TYPE(op)->tp_dealloc;
  #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
      _Py_ForgetReference(op);
  #endif
      (*dealloc)(op);
  }
  
  
  PyObject **
  PyObject_GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR(PyObject *op)
  {
      return _PyObject_GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR(op);
  }
  
  
  #undef Py_NewRef
  #undef Py_XNewRef
  
  // Export Py_NewRef() and Py_XNewRef() as regular functions for the stable ABI.
  PyObject*
  Py_NewRef(PyObject *obj)
  {
      return _Py_NewRef(obj);
  }
  
  PyObject*
  Py_XNewRef(PyObject *obj)
  {
      return _Py_XNewRef(obj);
  }
  
  #undef Py_Is
  #undef Py_IsNone
  #undef Py_IsTrue
  #undef Py_IsFalse
  
  // Export Py_Is(), Py_IsNone(), Py_IsTrue(), Py_IsFalse() as regular functions
  // for the stable ABI.
  int Py_Is(PyObject *x, PyObject *y)
  {
      return (x == y);
  }
  
  int Py_IsNone(PyObject *x)
  {
      return Py_Is(x, Py_None);
  }
  
  int Py_IsTrue(PyObject *x)
  {
      return Py_Is(x, Py_True);
  }
  
  int Py_IsFalse(PyObject *x)
  {
      return Py_Is(x, Py_False);
  }
  
  #ifdef __cplusplus
  }
  #endif
  