text: # pylint: disable=E1101
  from __future__ import division
  import operator
  import warnings
  from datetime import time, datetime, timedelta
  
  import numpy as np
  from pytz import utc
  
  from pandas.core.base import _shared_docs
  
  from pandas.core.dtypes.common import (
      _INT64_DTYPE,
      _NS_DTYPE,
      is_datetime64_dtype,
      is_datetimetz,
      is_dtype_equal,
      is_integer,
      is_float,
      is_integer_dtype,
      is_datetime64_ns_dtype,
      is_period_dtype,
      is_string_like,
      is_list_like,
      is_scalar,
      pandas_dtype,
      ensure_int64)
  from pandas.core.dtypes.generic import ABCSeries
  from pandas.core.dtypes.missing import isna
  
  import pandas.core.dtypes.concat as _concat
  from pandas.core.arrays.datetimes import DatetimeArrayMixin, _to_m8
  from pandas.core.arrays import datetimelike as dtl
  
  from pandas.core.indexes.base import Index, _index_shared_docs
  from pandas.core.indexes.numeric import Int64Index
  from pandas.core.ops import get_op_result_name
  import pandas.compat as compat
  from pandas.tseries.frequencies import to_offset, Resolution
  from pandas.core.indexes.datetimelike import (
      DatelikeOps, TimelikeOps, DatetimeIndexOpsMixin,
      wrap_field_accessor, wrap_array_method)
  from pandas.tseries.offsets import (
      CDay, prefix_mapping)
  
  from pandas.util._decorators import Appender, cache_readonly, Substitution
  import pandas.core.common as com
  import pandas.tseries.offsets as offsets
  import pandas.core.tools.datetimes as tools
  
  from pandas._libs import (lib, index as libindex, tslib as libts,
                            join as libjoin, Timestamp)
  from pandas._libs.tslibs import (timezones, conversion, fields, parsing,
                                   ccalendar)
  
  
  def _new_DatetimeIndex(cls, d):
      """ This is called upon unpickling, rather than the default which doesn't
      have arguments and breaks __new__ """
  
      # data are already in UTC
      # so need to localize
      tz = d.pop('tz', None)
  
      result = cls.__new__(cls, verify_integrity=False, **d)
      if tz is not None:
          result = result.tz_localize('UTC').tz_convert(tz)
      return result
  
  
  class DatetimeIndex(DatetimeArrayMixin, DatelikeOps, TimelikeOps,
                      DatetimeIndexOpsMixin, Int64Index):
      """
      Immutable ndarray of datetime64 data, represented internally as int64, and
      which can be boxed to Timestamp objects that are subclasses of datetime and
      carry metadata such as frequency information.
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      data  : array-like (1-dimensional), optional
          Optional datetime-like data to construct index with
      copy  : bool
          Make a copy of input ndarray
      freq : string or pandas offset object, optional
          One of pandas date offset strings or corresponding objects. The string
          'infer' can be passed in order to set the frequency of the index as the
          inferred frequency upon creation
  
      start : starting value, datetime-like, optional
          If data is None, start is used as the start point in generating regular
          timestamp data.
      periods  : int, optional, > 0
          Number of periods to generate, if generating index. Takes precedence
          over end argument
      end   : end time, datetime-like, optional
          If periods is none, generated index will extend to first conforming
          time on or just past end argument
      closed : string or None, default None
          Make the interval closed with respect to the given frequency to
          the 'left', 'right', or both sides (None)
      tz : pytz.timezone or dateutil.tz.tzfile
      ambiguous : 'infer', bool-ndarray, 'NaT', default 'raise'
          When clocks moved backward due to DST, ambiguous times may arise.
          For example in Central European Time (UTC+01), when going from 03:00
          DST to 02:00 non-DST, 02:30:00 local time occurs both at 00:30:00 UTC
          and at 01:30:00 UTC. In such a situation, the `ambiguous` parameter
          dictates how ambiguous times should be handled.
  
          - 'infer' will attempt to infer fall dst-transition hours based on
            order
          - bool-ndarray where True signifies a DST time, False signifies a
            non-DST time (note that this flag is only applicable for ambiguous
            times)
          - 'NaT' will return NaT where there are ambiguous times
          - 'raise' will raise an AmbiguousTimeError if there are ambiguous times
      name : object
          Name to be stored in the index
      dayfirst : bool, default False
          If True, parse dates in `data` with the day first order
      yearfirst : bool, default False
          If True parse dates in `data` with the year first order
  
      Attributes
      ----------
      year
      month
      day
      hour
      minute
      second
      microsecond
      nanosecond
      date
      time
      timetz
      dayofyear
      weekofyear
      week
      dayofweek
      weekday
      quarter
      tz
      freq
      freqstr
      is_month_start
      is_month_end
      is_quarter_start
      is_quarter_end
      is_year_start
      is_year_end
      is_leap_year
      inferred_freq
  
      Methods
      -------
      normalize
      strftime
      snap
      tz_convert
      tz_localize
      round
      floor
      ceil
      to_period
      to_perioddelta
      to_pydatetime
      to_series
      to_frame
      month_name
      day_name
  
      Notes
      -----
      To learn more about the frequency strings, please see `this link
      <http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/timeseries.html#offset-aliases>`__.
  
      See Also
      ---------
      Index : The base pandas Index type
      TimedeltaIndex : Index of timedelta64 data
      PeriodIndex : Index of Period data
      pandas.to_datetime : Convert argument to datetime
  
      """
      _resolution = cache_readonly(DatetimeArrayMixin._resolution.fget)
  
      _typ = 'datetimeindex'
      _join_precedence = 10
  
      def _join_i8_wrapper(joinf, **kwargs):
          return DatetimeIndexOpsMixin._join_i8_wrapper(joinf, dtype='M8[ns]',
                                                        **kwargs)
  
      _inner_indexer = _join_i8_wrapper(libjoin.inner_join_indexer_int64)
      _outer_indexer = _join_i8_wrapper(libjoin.outer_join_indexer_int64)
      _left_indexer = _join_i8_wrapper(libjoin.left_join_indexer_int64)
      _left_indexer_unique = _join_i8_wrapper(
          libjoin.left_join_indexer_unique_int64, with_indexers=False)
  
      _engine_type = libindex.DatetimeEngine
  
      _tz = None
      _freq = None
      _comparables = ['name', 'freqstr', 'tz']
      _attributes = ['name', 'freq', 'tz']
  
      # dummy attribute so that datetime.__eq__(DatetimeArray) defers
      # by returning NotImplemented
      timetuple = None
  
      # define my properties & methods for delegation
      _bool_ops = ['is_month_start', 'is_month_end',
                   'is_quarter_start', 'is_quarter_end', 'is_year_start',
                   'is_year_end', 'is_leap_year']
      _object_ops = ['weekday_name', 'freq', 'tz']
      _field_ops = ['year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second',
                    'weekofyear', 'week', 'weekday', 'dayofweek',
                    'dayofyear', 'quarter', 'days_in_month',
                    'daysinmonth', 'microsecond',
                    'nanosecond']
      _other_ops = ['date', 'time', 'timetz']
      _datetimelike_ops = _field_ops + _object_ops + _bool_ops + _other_ops
      _datetimelike_methods = ['to_period', 'tz_localize',
                               'tz_convert',
                               'normalize', 'strftime', 'round', 'floor',
                               'ceil', 'month_name', 'day_name']
  
      _is_numeric_dtype = False
      _infer_as_myclass = True
      _timezone = cache_readonly(DatetimeArrayMixin._timezone.fget)
      is_normalized = cache_readonly(DatetimeArrayMixin.is_normalized.fget)
  
      # --------------------------------------------------------------------
      # Constructors
  
      def __new__(cls, data=None,
                  freq=None, start=None, end=None, periods=None, tz=None,
                  normalize=False, closed=None, ambiguous='raise',
                  dayfirst=False, yearfirst=False, dtype=None,
                  copy=False, name=None, verify_integrity=True):
  
          # This allows to later ensure that the 'copy' parameter is honored:
          if isinstance(data, Index):
              ref_to_data = data._data
          else:
              ref_to_data = data
  
          if name is None and hasattr(data, 'name'):
              name = data.name
  
          freq, freq_infer = dtl.maybe_infer_freq(freq)
  
          # if dtype has an embedded tz, capture it
          tz = dtl.validate_tz_from_dtype(dtype, tz)
  
          if data is None:
              # TODO: Remove this block and associated kwargs; GH#20535
              result = cls._generate_range(start, end, periods,
                                           freq=freq, tz=tz, normalize=normalize,
                                           closed=closed, ambiguous=ambiguous)
              result.name = name
              return result
  
          if not isinstance(data, (np.ndarray, Index, ABCSeries,
                                   DatetimeArrayMixin)):
              if is_scalar(data):
                  raise ValueError('DatetimeIndex() must be called with a '
                                   'collection of some kind, %s was passed'
                                   % repr(data))
              # other iterable of some kind
              if not isinstance(data, (list, tuple)):
                  data = list(data)
              data = np.asarray(data, dtype='O')
          elif isinstance(data, ABCSeries):
              data = data._values
  
          # data must be Index or np.ndarray here
          if not (is_datetime64_dtype(data) or is_datetimetz(data) or
                  is_integer_dtype(data) or lib.infer_dtype(data) == 'integer'):
              data = tools.to_datetime(data, dayfirst=dayfirst,
                                       yearfirst=yearfirst)
  
          if isinstance(data, DatetimeArrayMixin):
              if tz is None:
                  tz = data.tz
              elif data.tz is None:
                  data = data.tz_localize(tz, ambiguous=ambiguous)
              else:
                  # the tz's must match
                  if not timezones.tz_compare(tz, data.tz):
                      msg = ('data is already tz-aware {0}, unable to '
                             'set specified tz: {1}')
                      raise TypeError(msg.format(data.tz, tz))
  
              subarr = data._data
  
              if freq is None:
                  freq = data.freq
                  verify_integrity = False
          elif issubclass(data.dtype.type, np.datetime64):
              if data.dtype != _NS_DTYPE:
                  data = conversion.ensure_datetime64ns(data)
              if tz is not None:
                  # Convert tz-naive to UTC
                  tz = timezones.maybe_get_tz(tz)
                  data = conversion.tz_localize_to_utc(data.view('i8'), tz,
                                                       ambiguous=ambiguous)
              subarr = data.view(_NS_DTYPE)
          else:
              # must be integer dtype otherwise
              # assume this data are epoch timestamps
              if data.dtype != _INT64_DTYPE:
                  data = data.astype(np.int64, copy=False)
              subarr = data.view(_NS_DTYPE)
  
          assert isinstance(subarr, np.ndarray), type(subarr)
          assert subarr.dtype == 'M8[ns]', subarr.dtype
  
          subarr = cls._simple_new(subarr, name=name, freq=freq, tz=tz)
          if dtype is not None:
              if not is_dtype_equal(subarr.dtype, dtype):
                  # dtype must be coerced to DatetimeTZDtype above
                  if subarr.tz is not None:
                      raise ValueError("cannot localize from non-UTC data")
  
          if verify_integrity and len(subarr) > 0:
              if freq is not None and not freq_infer:
                  cls._validate_frequency(subarr, freq, ambiguous=ambiguous)
  
          if freq_infer:
              inferred = subarr.inferred_freq
              if inferred:
                  subarr.freq = to_offset(inferred)
  
          return subarr._deepcopy_if_needed(ref_to_data, copy)
  
      @classmethod
      def _simple_new(cls, values, name=None, freq=None, tz=None,
                      dtype=None, **kwargs):
          """
          we require the we have a dtype compat for the values
          if we are passed a non-dtype compat, then coerce using the constructor
          """
          # DatetimeArray._simple_new will accept either i8 or M8[ns] dtypes
          assert isinstance(values, np.ndarray), type(values)
  
          result = super(DatetimeIndex, cls)._simple_new(values, freq, tz,
                                                         **kwargs)
          result.name = name
          result._reset_identity()
          return result
  
      # --------------------------------------------------------------------
  
      @property
      def _values(self):
          # tz-naive -> ndarray
          # tz-aware -> DatetimeIndex
          if self.tz is not None:
              return self
          else:
              return self.values
  
      @property
      def tz(self):
          # GH 18595
          return self._tz
  
      @tz.setter
      def tz(self, value):
          # GH 3746: Prevent localizing or converting the index by setting tz
          raise AttributeError("Cannot directly set timezone. Use tz_localize() "
                               "or tz_convert() as appropriate")
  
      @property
      def size(self):
          # TODO: Remove this when we have a DatetimeTZArray
          # Necessary to avoid recursion error since DTI._values is a DTI
          # for TZ-aware
          return self._ndarray_values.size
  
      @property
      def shape(self):
          # TODO: Remove this when we have a DatetimeTZArray
          # Necessary to avoid recursion error since DTI._values is a DTI
          # for TZ-aware
          return self._ndarray_values.shape
  
      @property
      def nbytes(self):
          # TODO: Remove this when we have a DatetimeTZArray
          # Necessary to avoid recursion error since DTI._values is a DTI
          # for TZ-aware
          return self._ndarray_values.nbytes
  
      def _mpl_repr(self):
          # how to represent ourselves to matplotlib
          return libts.ints_to_pydatetime(self.asi8, self.tz)
  
      @cache_readonly
      def _is_dates_only(self):
          """Return a boolean if we are only dates (and don't have a timezone)"""
          from pandas.io.formats.format import _is_dates_only
          return _is_dates_only(self.values) and self.tz is None
  
      @property
      def _formatter_func(self):
          from pandas.io.formats.format import _get_format_datetime64
          formatter = _get_format_datetime64(is_dates_only=self._is_dates_only)
          return lambda x: "'%s'" % formatter(x, tz=self.tz)
  
      def __reduce__(self):
  
          # we use a special reudce here because we need
          # to simply set the .tz (and not reinterpret it)
  
          d = dict(data=self._data)
          d.update(self._get_attributes_dict())
          return _new_DatetimeIndex, (self.__class__, d), None
  
      def __setstate__(self, state):
          """Necessary for making this object picklable"""
          if isinstance(state, dict):
              super(DatetimeIndex, self).__setstate__(state)
  
          elif isinstance(state, tuple):
  
              # < 0.15 compat
              if len(state) == 2:
                  nd_state, own_state = state
                  data = np.empty(nd_state[1], dtype=nd_state[2])
                  np.ndarray.__setstate__(data, nd_state)
  
                  self.name = own_state[0]
                  self._freq = own_state[1]
                  self._tz = timezones.tz_standardize(own_state[2])
  
                  # provide numpy < 1.7 compat
                  if nd_state[2] == 'M8[us]':
                      new_state = np.ndarray.__reduce__(data.astype('M8[ns]'))
                      np.ndarray.__setstate__(data, new_state[2])
  
              else:  # pragma: no cover
                  data = np.empty(state)
                  np.ndarray.__setstate__(data, state)
  
              self._data = data
              self._reset_identity()
  
          else:
              raise Exception("invalid pickle state")
      _unpickle_compat = __setstate__
  
      def _convert_for_op(self, value):
          """ Convert value to be insertable to ndarray """
          if self._has_same_tz(value):
              return _to_m8(value)
          raise ValueError('Passed item and index have different timezone')
  
      def _maybe_update_attributes(self, attrs):
          """ Update Index attributes (e.g. freq) depending on op """
          freq = attrs.get('freq', None)
          if freq is not None:
              # no need to infer if freq is None
              attrs['freq'] = 'infer'
          return attrs
  
      def _format_native_types(self, na_rep='NaT', date_format=None, **kwargs):
          from pandas.io.formats.format import _get_format_datetime64_from_values
          format = _get_format_datetime64_from_values(self, date_format)
  
          return libts.format_array_from_datetime(self.asi8,
                                                  tz=self.tz,
                                                  format=format,
                                                  na_rep=na_rep)
  
      @Appender(_index_shared_docs['astype'])
      def astype(self, dtype, copy=True):
          dtype = pandas_dtype(dtype)
          if (is_datetime64_ns_dtype(dtype) and
                  not is_dtype_equal(dtype, self.dtype)):
              # GH 18951: datetime64_ns dtype but not equal means different tz
              new_tz = getattr(dtype, 'tz', None)
              if getattr(self.dtype, 'tz', None) is None:
                  return self.tz_localize(new_tz)
              return self.tz_convert(new_tz)
          elif is_period_dtype(dtype):
              return self.to_period(freq=dtype.freq)
          return super(DatetimeIndex, self).astype(dtype, copy=copy)
  
      def _get_time_micros(self):
          values = self.asi8
          if self.tz is not None and self.tz is not utc:
              values = self._local_timestamps()
          return fields.get_time_micros(values)
  
      def to_series(self, keep_tz=False, index=None, name=None):
          """
          Create a Series with both index and values equal to the index keys
          useful with map for returning an indexer based on an index
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          keep_tz : optional, defaults False.
              return the data keeping the timezone.
  
              If keep_tz is True:
  
                If the timezone is not set, the resulting
                Series will have a datetime64[ns] dtype.
  
                Otherwise the Series will have an datetime64[ns, tz] dtype; the
                tz will be preserved.
  
              If keep_tz is False:
  
                Series will have a datetime64[ns] dtype. TZ aware
                objects will have the tz removed.
          index : Index, optional
              index of resulting Series. If None, defaults to original index
          name : string, optional
              name of resulting Series. If None, defaults to name of original
              index
  
          Returns
          -------
          Series
          """
          from pandas import Series
  
          if index is None:
              index = self._shallow_copy()
          if name is None:
              name = self.name
  
          if keep_tz and self.tz is not None:
              # preserve the tz & copy
              values = self.copy(deep=True)
          else:
              values = self.values.copy()
  
          return Series(values, index=index, name=name)
  
      def snap(self, freq='S'):
          """
          Snap time stamps to nearest occurring frequency
  
          """
          # Superdumb, punting on any optimizing
          freq = to_offset(freq)
  
          snapped = np.empty(len(self), dtype=_NS_DTYPE)
  
          for i, v in enumerate(self):
              s = v
              if not freq.onOffset(s):
                  t0 = freq.rollback(s)
                  t1 = freq.rollforward(s)
                  if abs(s - t0) < abs(t1 - s):
                      s = t0
                  else:
                      s = t1
              snapped[i] = s
  
          # we know it conforms; skip check
          return DatetimeIndex(snapped, freq=freq, verify_integrity=False)
          # TODO: what about self.name?  if so, use shallow_copy?
  
      def unique(self, level=None):
          # Override here since IndexOpsMixin.unique uses self._values.unique
          # For DatetimeIndex with TZ, that's a DatetimeIndex -> recursion error
          # So we extract the tz-naive DatetimeIndex, unique that, and wrap the
          # result with out TZ.
          if self.tz is not None:
              naive = type(self)(self._ndarray_values, copy=False)
          else:
              naive = self
          result = super(DatetimeIndex, naive).unique(level=level)
          return self._shallow_copy(result.values)
  
      def union(self, other):
          """
          Specialized union for DatetimeIndex objects. If combine
          overlapping ranges with the same DateOffset, will be much
          faster than Index.union
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          other : DatetimeIndex or array-like
  
          Returns
          -------
          y : Index or DatetimeIndex
          """
          self._assert_can_do_setop(other)
  
          if len(other) == 0 or self.equals(other) or len(self) == 0:
              return super(DatetimeIndex, self).union(other)
  
          if not isinstance(other, DatetimeIndex):
              try:
                  other = DatetimeIndex(other)
              except TypeError:
                  pass
  
          this, other = self._maybe_utc_convert(other)
  
          if this._can_fast_union(other):
              return this._fast_union(other)
          else:
              result = Index.union(this, other)
              if isinstance(result, DatetimeIndex):
                  result._tz = timezones.tz_standardize(this.tz)
                  if (result.freq is None and
                          (this.freq is not None or other.freq is not None)):
                      result.freq = to_offset(result.inferred_freq)
              return result
  
      def union_many(self, others):
          """
          A bit of a hack to accelerate unioning a collection of indexes
          """
          this = self
  
          for other in others:
              if not isinstance(this, DatetimeIndex):
                  this = Index.union(this, other)
                  continue
  
              if not isinstance(other, DatetimeIndex):
                  try:
                      other = DatetimeIndex(other)
                  except TypeError:
                      pass
  
              this, other = this._maybe_utc_convert(other)
  
              if this._can_fast_union(other):
                  this = this._fast_union(other)
              else:
                  tz = this.tz
                  this = Index.union(this, other)
                  if isinstance(this, DatetimeIndex):
                      this._tz = timezones.tz_standardize(tz)
  
          return this
  
      def join(self, other, how='left', level=None, return_indexers=False,
               sort=False):
          """
          See Index.join
          """
          if (not isinstance(other, DatetimeIndex) and len(other) > 0 and
              other.inferred_type not in ('floating', 'integer', 'mixed-integer',
                                          'mixed-integer-float', 'mixed')):
              try:
                  other = DatetimeIndex(other)
              except (TypeError, ValueError):
                  pass
  
          this, other = self._maybe_utc_convert(other)
          return Index.join(this, other, how=how, level=level,
                            return_indexers=return_indexers, sort=sort)
  
      def _maybe_utc_convert(self, other):
          this = self
          if isinstance(other, DatetimeIndex):
              if self.tz is not None:
                  if other.tz is None:
                      raise TypeError('Cannot join tz-naive with tz-aware '
                                      'DatetimeIndex')
              elif other.tz is not None:
                  raise TypeError('Cannot join tz-naive with tz-aware '
                                  'DatetimeIndex')
  
              if not timezones.tz_compare(self.tz, other.tz):
                  this = self.tz_convert('UTC')
                  other = other.tz_convert('UTC')
          return this, other
  
      def _wrap_joined_index(self, joined, other):
          name = get_op_result_name(self, other)
          if (isinstance(other, DatetimeIndex) and
                  self.freq == other.freq and
                  self._can_fast_union(other)):
              joined = self._shallow_copy(joined)
              joined.name = name
              return joined
          else:
              tz = getattr(other, 'tz', None)
              return self._simple_new(joined, name, tz=tz)
  
      def _can_fast_union(self, other):
          if not isinstance(other, DatetimeIndex):
              return False
  
          freq = self.freq
  
          if freq is None or freq != other.freq:
              return False
  
          if not self.is_monotonic or not other.is_monotonic:
              return False
  
          if len(self) == 0 or len(other) == 0:
              return True
  
          # to make our life easier, "sort" the two ranges
          if self[0] <= other[0]:
              left, right = self, other
          else:
              left, right = other, self
  
          right_start = right[0]
          left_end = left[-1]
  
          # Only need to "adjoin", not overlap
          try:
              return (right_start == left_end + freq) or right_start in left
          except (ValueError):
  
              # if we are comparing a freq that does not propagate timezones
              # this will raise
              return False
  
      def _fast_union(self, other):
          if len(other) == 0:
              return self.view(type(self))
  
          if len(self) == 0:
              return other.view(type(self))
  
          # to make our life easier, "sort" the two ranges
          if self[0] <= other[0]:
              left, right = self, other
          else:
              left, right = other, self
  
          left_end = left[-1]
          right_end = right[-1]
  
          # TODO: consider re-implementing freq._should_cache for fastpath
  
          # concatenate dates
          if left_end < right_end:
              loc = right.searchsorted(left_end, side='right')
              right_chunk = right.values[loc:]
              dates = _concat._concat_compat((left.values, right_chunk))
              return self._shallow_copy(dates)
          else:
              return left
  
      def _wrap_setop_result(self, other, result):
          name = get_op_result_name(self, other)
          if not timezones.tz_compare(self.tz, other.tz):
              raise ValueError('Passed item and index have different timezone')
          return self._shallow_copy(result, name=name, freq=None, tz=self.tz)
  
      def intersection(self, other):
          """
          Specialized intersection for DatetimeIndex objects. May be much faster
          than Index.intersection
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          other : DatetimeIndex or array-like
  
          Returns
          -------
          y : Index or DatetimeIndex
          """
          self._assert_can_do_setop(other)
  
          if self.equals(other):
              return self._get_reconciled_name_object(other)
  
          if not isinstance(other, DatetimeIndex):
              try:
                  other = DatetimeIndex(other)
              except (TypeError, ValueError):
                  pass
              result = Index.intersection(self, other)
              if isinstance(result, DatetimeIndex):
                  if result.freq is None:
                      result.freq = to_offset(result.inferred_freq)
              return result
  
          elif (other.freq is None or self.freq is None or
                other.freq != self.freq or
                not other.freq.isAnchored() or
                (not self.is_monotonic or not other.is_monotonic)):
              result = Index.intersection(self, other)
              result = self._shallow_copy(result._values, name=result.name,
                                          tz=result.tz, freq=None)
              if result.freq is None:
                  result.freq = to_offset(result.inferred_freq)
              return result
  
          if len(self) == 0:
              return self
          if len(other) == 0:
              return other
          # to make our life easier, "sort" the two ranges
          if self[0] <= other[0]:
              left, right = self, other
          else:
              left, right = other, self
  
          end = min(left[-1], right[-1])
          start = right[0]
  
          if end < start:
              return type(self)(data=[])
          else:
              lslice = slice(*left.slice_locs(start, end))
              left_chunk = left.values[lslice]
              return self._shallow_copy(left_chunk)
  
      def _parsed_string_to_bounds(self, reso, parsed):
          """
          Calculate datetime bounds for parsed time string and its resolution.
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          reso : Resolution
              Resolution provided by parsed string.
          parsed : datetime
              Datetime from parsed string.
  
          Returns
          -------
          lower, upper: pd.Timestamp
  
          """
          if reso == 'year':
              return (Timestamp(datetime(parsed.year, 1, 1), tz=self.tz),
                      Timestamp(datetime(parsed.year, 12, 31, 23,
                                         59, 59, 999999), tz=self.tz))
          elif reso == 'month':
              d = ccalendar.get_days_in_month(parsed.year, parsed.month)
              return (Timestamp(datetime(parsed.year, parsed.month, 1),
                                tz=self.tz),
                      Timestamp(datetime(parsed.year, parsed.month, d, 23,
                                         59, 59, 999999), tz=self.tz))
          elif reso == 'quarter':
              qe = (((parsed.month - 1) + 2) % 12) + 1  # two months ahead
              d = ccalendar.get_days_in_month(parsed.year, qe)  # at end of month
              return (Timestamp(datetime(parsed.year, parsed.month, 1),
                                tz=self.tz),
                      Timestamp(datetime(parsed.year, qe, d, 23, 59,
                                         59, 999999), tz=self.tz))
          elif reso == 'day':
              st = datetime(parsed.year, parsed.month, parsed.day)
              return (Timestamp(st, tz=self.tz),
                      Timestamp(Timestamp(st + offsets.Day(),
                                          tz=self.tz).value - 1))
          elif reso == 'hour':
              st = datetime(parsed.year, parsed.month, parsed.day,
                            hour=parsed.hour)
              return (Timestamp(st, tz=self.tz),
                      Timestamp(Timestamp(st + offsets.Hour(),
                                          tz=self.tz).value - 1))
          elif reso == 'minute':
              st = datetime(parsed.year, parsed.month, parsed.day,
                            hour=parsed.hour, minute=parsed.minute)
              return (Timestamp(st, tz=self.tz),
                      Timestamp(Timestamp(st + offsets.Minute(),
                                          tz=self.tz).value - 1))
          elif reso == 'second':
              st = datetime(parsed.year, parsed.month, parsed.day,
                            hour=parsed.hour, minute=parsed.minute,
                            second=parsed.second)
              return (Timestamp(st, tz=self.tz),
                      Timestamp(Timestamp(st + offsets.Second(),
                                          tz=self.tz).value - 1))
          elif reso == 'microsecond':
              st = datetime(parsed.year, parsed.month, parsed.day,
                            parsed.hour, parsed.minute, parsed.second,
                            parsed.microsecond)
              return (Timestamp(st, tz=self.tz), Timestamp(st, tz=self.tz))
          else:
              raise KeyError
  
      def _partial_date_slice(self, reso, parsed, use_lhs=True, use_rhs=True):
          is_monotonic = self.is_monotonic
          if (is_monotonic and reso in ['day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second'] and
                  self._resolution >= Resolution.get_reso(reso)):
              # These resolution/monotonicity validations came from GH3931,
              # GH3452 and GH2369.
  
              # See also GH14826
              raise KeyError
  
          if reso == 'microsecond':
              # _partial_date_slice doesn't allow microsecond resolution, but
              # _parsed_string_to_bounds allows it.
              raise KeyError
  
          t1, t2 = self._parsed_string_to_bounds(reso, parsed)
          stamps = self.asi8
  
          if is_monotonic:
  
              # we are out of range
              if (len(stamps) and ((use_lhs and t1.value < stamps[0] and
                                    t2.value < stamps[0]) or
                                   ((use_rhs and t1.value > stamps[-1] and
                                     t2.value > stamps[-1])))):
                  raise KeyError
  
              # a monotonic (sorted) series can be sliced
              left = stamps.searchsorted(
                  t1.value, side='left') if use_lhs else None
              right = stamps.searchsorted(
                  t2.value, side='right') if use_rhs else None
  
              return slice(left, right)
  
          lhs_mask = (stamps >= t1.value) if use_lhs else True
          rhs_mask = (stamps <= t2.value) if use_rhs else True
  
          # try to find a the dates
          return (lhs_mask & rhs_mask).nonzero()[0]
  
      def _maybe_promote(self, other):
          if other.inferred_type == 'date':
              other = DatetimeIndex(other)
          return self, other
  
      def get_value(self, series, key):
          """
          Fast lookup of value from 1-dimensional ndarray. Only use this if you
          know what you're doing
          """
  
          if isinstance(key, datetime):
  
              # needed to localize naive datetimes
              if self.tz is not None:
                  key = Timestamp(key, tz=self.tz)
  
              return self.get_value_maybe_box(series, key)
  
          if isinstance(key, time):
              locs = self.indexer_at_time(key)
              return series.take(locs)
  
          try:
              return com.maybe_box(self, Index.get_value(self, series, key),
                                   series, key)
          except KeyError:
              try:
                  loc = self._get_string_slice(key)
                  return series[loc]
              except (TypeError, ValueError, KeyError):
                  pass
  
              try:
                  return self.get_value_maybe_box(series, key)
              except (TypeError, ValueError, KeyError):
                  raise KeyError(key)
  
      def get_value_maybe_box(self, series, key):
          # needed to localize naive datetimes
          if self.tz is not None:
              key = Timestamp(key, tz=self.tz)
          elif not isinstance(key, Timestamp):
              key = Timestamp(key)
          values = self._engine.get_value(com.values_from_object(series),
                                          key, tz=self.tz)
          return com.maybe_box(self, values, series, key)
  
      def get_loc(self, key, method=None, tolerance=None):
          """
          Get integer location for requested label
  
          Returns
          -------
          loc : int
          """
  
          if tolerance is not None:
              # try converting tolerance now, so errors don't get swallowed by
              # the try/except clauses below
              tolerance = self._convert_tolerance(tolerance, np.asarray(key))
  
          if isinstance(key, datetime):
              # needed to localize naive datetimes
              key = Timestamp(key, tz=self.tz)
              return Index.get_loc(self, key, method, tolerance)
  
          elif isinstance(key, timedelta):
              # GH#20464
              raise TypeError("Cannot index {cls} with {other}"
                              .format(cls=type(self).__name__,
                                      other=type(key).__name__))
  
          if isinstance(key, time):
              if method is not None:
                  raise NotImplementedError('cannot yet lookup inexact labels '
                                            'when key is a time object')
              return self.indexer_at_time(key)
  
          try:
              return Index.get_loc(self, key, method, tolerance)
          except (KeyError, ValueError, TypeError):
              try:
                  return self._get_string_slice(key)
              except (TypeError, KeyError, ValueError):
                  pass
  
              try:
                  stamp = Timestamp(key, tz=self.tz)
                  return Index.get_loc(self, stamp, method, tolerance)
              except KeyError:
                  raise KeyError(key)
              except ValueError as e:
                  # list-like tolerance size must match target index size
                  if 'list-like' in str(e):
                      raise e
                  raise KeyError(key)
  
      def _maybe_cast_slice_bound(self, label, side, kind):
          """
          If label is a string, cast it to datetime according to resolution.
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          label : object
          side : {'left', 'right'}
          kind : {'ix', 'loc', 'getitem'}
  
          Returns
          -------
          label :  object
  
          Notes
          -----
          Value of `side` parameter should be validated in caller.
  
          """
          assert kind in ['ix', 'loc', 'getitem', None]
  
          if is_float(label) or isinstance(label, time) or is_integer(label):
              self._invalid_indexer('slice', label)
  
          if isinstance(label, compat.string_types):
              freq = getattr(self, 'freqstr',
                             getattr(self, 'inferred_freq', None))
              _, parsed, reso = parsing.parse_time_string(label, freq)
              lower, upper = self._parsed_string_to_bounds(reso, parsed)
              # lower, upper form the half-open interval:
              #   [parsed, parsed + 1 freq)
              # because label may be passed to searchsorted
              # the bounds need swapped if index is reverse sorted and has a
              # length > 1 (is_monotonic_decreasing gives True for empty
              # and length 1 index)
              if self._is_strictly_monotonic_decreasing and len(self) > 1:
                  return upper if side == 'left' else lower
              return lower if side == 'left' else upper
          else:
              return label
  
      def _get_string_slice(self, key, use_lhs=True, use_rhs=True):
          freq = getattr(self, 'freqstr',
                         getattr(self, 'inferred_freq', None))
          _, parsed, reso = parsing.parse_time_string(key, freq)
          loc = self._partial_date_slice(reso, parsed, use_lhs=use_lhs,
                                         use_rhs=use_rhs)
          return loc
  
      def slice_indexer(self, start=None, end=None, step=None, kind=None):
          """
          Return indexer for specified label slice.
          Index.slice_indexer, customized to handle time slicing.
  
          In addition to functionality provided by Index.slice_indexer, does the
          following:
  
          - if both `start` and `end` are instances of `datetime.time`, it
            invokes `indexer_between_time`
          - if `start` and `end` are both either string or None perform
            value-based selection in non-monotonic cases.
  
          """
          # For historical reasons DatetimeIndex supports slices between two
          # instances of datetime.time as if it were applying a slice mask to
          # an array of (self.hour, self.minute, self.seconds, self.microsecond).
          if isinstance(start, time) and isinstance(end, time):
              if step is not None and step != 1:
                  raise ValueError('Must have step size of 1 with time slices')
              return self.indexer_between_time(start, end)
  
          if isinstance(start, time) or isinstance(end, time):
              raise KeyError('Cannot mix time and non-time slice keys')
  
          try:
              return Index.slice_indexer(self, start, end, step, kind=kind)
          except KeyError:
              # For historical reasons DatetimeIndex by default supports
              # value-based partial (aka string) slices on non-monotonic arrays,
              # let's try that.
              if ((start is None or isinstance(start, compat.string_types)) and
                      (end is None or isinstance(end, compat.string_types))):
                  mask = True
                  if start is not None:
                      start_casted = self._maybe_cast_slice_bound(
                          start, 'left', kind)
                      mask = start_casted <= self
  
                  if end is not None:
                      end_casted = self._maybe_cast_slice_bound(
                          end, 'right', kind)
                      mask = (self <= end_casted) & mask
  
                  indexer = mask.nonzero()[0][::step]
                  if len(indexer) == len(self):
                      return slice(None)
                  else:
                      return indexer
              else:
                  raise
  
      # --------------------------------------------------------------------
      # Wrapping DatetimeArray
  
      year = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.year)
      month = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.month)
      day = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.day)
      hour = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.hour)
      minute = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.minute)
      second = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.second)
      microsecond = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.microsecond)
      nanosecond = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.nanosecond)
      weekofyear = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.weekofyear)
      week = weekofyear
      dayofweek = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.dayofweek)
      weekday = dayofweek
  
      weekday_name = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.weekday_name)
  
      dayofyear = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.dayofyear)
      quarter = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.quarter)
      days_in_month = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.days_in_month)
      daysinmonth = days_in_month
      is_month_start = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.is_month_start)
      is_month_end = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.is_month_end)
      is_quarter_start = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.is_quarter_start)
      is_quarter_end = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.is_quarter_end)
      is_year_start = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.is_year_start)
      is_year_end = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.is_year_end)
      is_leap_year = wrap_field_accessor(DatetimeArrayMixin.is_leap_year)
  
      tz_localize = wrap_array_method(DatetimeArrayMixin.tz_localize, True)
      tz_convert = wrap_array_method(DatetimeArrayMixin.tz_convert, True)
      to_perioddelta = wrap_array_method(DatetimeArrayMixin.to_perioddelta,
                                         False)
      to_period = wrap_array_method(DatetimeArrayMixin.to_period, True)
      normalize = wrap_array_method(DatetimeArrayMixin.normalize, True)
      to_julian_date = wrap_array_method(DatetimeArrayMixin.to_julian_date,
                                         False)
      month_name = wrap_array_method(DatetimeArrayMixin.month_name, True)
      day_name = wrap_array_method(DatetimeArrayMixin.day_name, True)
  
      # --------------------------------------------------------------------
  
      @Substitution(klass='DatetimeIndex')
      @Appender(_shared_docs['searchsorted'])
      def searchsorted(self, value, side='left', sorter=None):
          if isinstance(value, (np.ndarray, Index)):
              value = np.array(value, dtype=_NS_DTYPE, copy=False)
          else:
              value = _to_m8(value, tz=self.tz)
  
          return self.values.searchsorted(value, side=side)
  
      def is_type_compatible(self, typ):
          return typ == self.inferred_type or typ == 'datetime'
  
      @property
      def inferred_type(self):
          # b/c datetime is represented as microseconds since the epoch, make
          # sure we can't have ambiguous indexing
          return 'datetime64'
  
      @property
      def is_all_dates(self):
          return True
  
      def insert(self, loc, item):
          """
          Make new Index inserting new item at location
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          loc : int
          item : object
              if not either a Python datetime or a numpy integer-like, returned
              Index dtype will be object rather than datetime.
  
          Returns
          -------
          new_index : Index
          """
          if is_scalar(item) and isna(item):
              # GH 18295
              item = self._na_value
  
          freq = None
  
          if isinstance(item, (datetime, np.datetime64)):
              self._assert_can_do_op(item)
              if not self._has_same_tz(item) and not isna(item):
                  raise ValueError(
                      'Passed item and index have different timezone')
              # check freq can be preserved on edge cases
              if self.size and self.freq is not None:
                  if ((loc == 0 or loc == -len(self)) and
                          item + self.freq == self[0]):
                      freq = self.freq
                  elif (loc == len(self)) and item - self.freq == self[-1]:
                      freq = self.freq
              item = _to_m8(item, tz=self.tz)
  
          try:
              new_dates = np.concatenate((self[:loc].asi8, [item.view(np.int64)],
                                          self[loc:].asi8))
              return self._shallow_copy(new_dates, freq=freq)
          except (AttributeError, TypeError):
  
              # fall back to object index
              if isinstance(item, compat.string_types):
                  return self.astype(object).insert(loc, item)
              raise TypeError(
                  "cannot insert DatetimeIndex with incompatible label")
  
      def delete(self, loc):
          """
          Make a new DatetimeIndex with passed location(s) deleted.
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          loc: int, slice or array of ints
              Indicate which sub-arrays to remove.
  
          Returns
          -------
          new_index : DatetimeIndex
          """
          new_dates = np.delete(self.asi8, loc)
  
          freq = None
          if is_integer(loc):
              if loc in (0, -len(self), -1, len(self) - 1):
                  freq = self.freq
          else:
              if is_list_like(loc):
                  loc = lib.maybe_indices_to_slice(
                      ensure_int64(np.array(loc)), len(self))
              if isinstance(loc, slice) and loc.step in (1, None):
                  if (loc.start in (0, None) or loc.stop in (len(self), None)):
                      freq = self.freq
  
          return self._shallow_copy(new_dates, freq=freq)
  
      def indexer_at_time(self, time, asof=False):
          """
          Returns index locations of index values at particular time of day
          (e.g. 9:30AM).
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          time : datetime.time or string
              datetime.time or string in appropriate format ("%H:%M", "%H%M",
              "%I:%M%p", "%I%M%p", "%H:%M:%S", "%H%M%S", "%I:%M:%S%p",
              "%I%M%S%p").
  
          Returns
          -------
          values_at_time : array of integers
  
          See Also
          --------
          indexer_between_time, DataFrame.at_time
          """
          from dateutil.parser import parse
  
          if asof:
              raise NotImplementedError("'asof' argument is not supported")
  
          if isinstance(time, compat.string_types):
              time = parse(time).time()
  
          if time.tzinfo:
              # TODO
              raise NotImplementedError("argument 'time' with timezone info is "
                                        "not supported")
  
          time_micros = self._get_time_micros()
          micros = _time_to_micros(time)
          return (micros == time_micros).nonzero()[0]
  
      def indexer_between_time(self, start_time, end_time, include_start=True,
                               include_end=True):
          """
          Return index locations of values between particular times of day
          (e.g., 9:00-9:30AM).
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          start_time, end_time : datetime.time, str
              datetime.time or string in appropriate format ("%H:%M", "%H%M",
              "%I:%M%p", "%I%M%p", "%H:%M:%S", "%H%M%S", "%I:%M:%S%p",
              "%I%M%S%p").
          include_start : boolean, default True
          include_end : boolean, default True
  
          Returns
          -------
          values_between_time : array of integers
  
          See Also
          --------
          indexer_at_time, DataFrame.between_time
          """
          start_time = tools.to_time(start_time)
          end_time = tools.to_time(end_time)
          time_micros = self._get_time_micros()
          start_micros = _time_to_micros(start_time)
          end_micros = _time_to_micros(end_time)
  
          if include_start and include_end:
              lop = rop = operator.le
          elif include_start:
              lop = operator.le
              rop = operator.lt
          elif include_end:
              lop = operator.lt
              rop = operator.le
          else:
              lop = rop = operator.lt
  
          if start_time <= end_time:
              join_op = operator.and_
          else:
              join_op = operator.or_
  
          mask = join_op(lop(start_micros, time_micros),
                         rop(time_micros, end_micros))
  
          return mask.nonzero()[0]
  
  
  DatetimeIndex._add_comparison_ops()
  DatetimeIndex._add_numeric_methods_disabled()
  DatetimeIndex._add_logical_methods_disabled()
  DatetimeIndex._add_datetimelike_methods()
  
  
  def date_range(start=None, end=None, periods=None, freq=None, tz=None,
                 normalize=False, name=None, closed=None, **kwargs):
      """
      Return a fixed frequency DatetimeIndex.
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      start : str or datetime-like, optional
          Left bound for generating dates.
      end : str or datetime-like, optional
          Right bound for generating dates.
      periods : integer, optional
          Number of periods to generate.
      freq : str or DateOffset, default 'D'
          Frequency strings can have multiples, e.g. '5H'. See
          :ref:`here <timeseries.offset_aliases>` for a list of
          frequency aliases.
      tz : str or tzinfo, optional
          Time zone name for returning localized DatetimeIndex, for example
          'Asia/Hong_Kong'. By default, the resulting DatetimeIndex is
          timezone-naive.
      normalize : bool, default False
          Normalize start/end dates to midnight before generating date range.
      name : str, default None
          Name of the resulting DatetimeIndex.
      closed : {None, 'left', 'right'}, optional
          Make the interval closed with respect to the given frequency to
          the 'left', 'right', or both sides (None, the default).
      **kwargs
          For compatibility. Has no effect on the result.
  
      Returns
      -------
      rng : DatetimeIndex
  
      See Also
      --------
      pandas.DatetimeIndex : An immutable container for datetimes.
      pandas.timedelta_range : Return a fixed frequency TimedeltaIndex.
      pandas.period_range : Return a fixed frequency PeriodIndex.
      pandas.interval_range : Return a fixed frequency IntervalIndex.
  
      Notes
      -----
      Of the four parameters ``start``, ``end``, ``periods``, and ``freq``,
      exactly three must be specified. If ``freq`` is omitted, the resulting
      ``DatetimeIndex`` will have ``periods`` linearly spaced elements between
      ``start`` and ``end`` (closed on both sides).
  
      To learn more about the frequency strings, please see `this link
      <http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/timeseries.html#offset-aliases>`__.
  
      Examples
      --------
      **Specifying the values**
  
      The next four examples generate the same `DatetimeIndex`, but vary
      the combination of `start`, `end` and `periods`.
  
      Specify `start` and `end`, with the default daily frequency.
  
      >>> pd.date_range(start='1/1/2018', end='1/08/2018')
      DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-02', '2018-01-03', '2018-01-04',
                     '2018-01-05', '2018-01-06', '2018-01-07', '2018-01-08'],
                    dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
  
      Specify `start` and `periods`, the number of periods (days).
  
      >>> pd.date_range(start='1/1/2018', periods=8)
      DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-02', '2018-01-03', '2018-01-04',
                     '2018-01-05', '2018-01-06', '2018-01-07', '2018-01-08'],
                    dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
  
      Specify `end` and `periods`, the number of periods (days).
  
      >>> pd.date_range(end='1/1/2018', periods=8)
      DatetimeIndex(['2017-12-25', '2017-12-26', '2017-12-27', '2017-12-28',
                     '2017-12-29', '2017-12-30', '2017-12-31', '2018-01-01'],
                    dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
  
      Specify `start`, `end`, and `periods`; the frequency is generated
      automatically (linearly spaced).
  
      >>> pd.date_range(start='2018-04-24', end='2018-04-27', periods=3)
      DatetimeIndex(['2018-04-24 00:00:00', '2018-04-25 12:00:00',
                     '2018-04-27 00:00:00'],
                    dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)
  
      **Other Parameters**
  
      Changed the `freq` (frequency) to ``'M'`` (month end frequency).
  
      >>> pd.date_range(start='1/1/2018', periods=5, freq='M')
      DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-31', '2018-02-28', '2018-03-31', '2018-04-30',
                     '2018-05-31'],
                    dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='M')
  
      Multiples are allowed
  
      >>> pd.date_range(start='1/1/2018', periods=5, freq='3M')
      DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-31', '2018-04-30', '2018-07-31', '2018-10-31',
                     '2019-01-31'],
                    dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='3M')
  
      `freq` can also be specified as an Offset object.
  
      >>> pd.date_range(start='1/1/2018', periods=5, freq=pd.offsets.MonthEnd(3))
      DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-31', '2018-04-30', '2018-07-31', '2018-10-31',
                     '2019-01-31'],
                    dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='3M')
  
      Specify `tz` to set the timezone.
  
      >>> pd.date_range(start='1/1/2018', periods=5, tz='Asia/Tokyo')
      DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01 00:00:00+09:00', '2018-01-02 00:00:00+09:00',
                     '2018-01-03 00:00:00+09:00', '2018-01-04 00:00:00+09:00',
                     '2018-01-05 00:00:00+09:00'],
                    dtype='datetime64[ns, Asia/Tokyo]', freq='D')
  
      `closed` controls whether to include `start` and `end` that are on the
      boundary. The default includes boundary points on either end.
  
      >>> pd.date_range(start='2017-01-01', end='2017-01-04', closed=None)
      DatetimeIndex(['2017-01-01', '2017-01-02', '2017-01-03', '2017-01-04'],
                    dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
  
      Use ``closed='left'`` to exclude `end` if it falls on the boundary.
  
      >>> pd.date_range(start='2017-01-01', end='2017-01-04', closed='left')
      DatetimeIndex(['2017-01-01', '2017-01-02', '2017-01-03'],
                    dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
  
      Use ``closed='right'`` to exclude `start` if it falls on the boundary.
  
      >>> pd.date_range(start='2017-01-01', end='2017-01-04', closed='right')
      DatetimeIndex(['2017-01-02', '2017-01-03', '2017-01-04'],
                    dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')
      """
  
      if freq is None and com._any_none(periods, start, end):
          freq = 'D'
  
      return DatetimeIndex(start=start, end=end, periods=periods,
                           freq=freq, tz=tz, normalize=normalize, name=name,
                           closed=closed, **kwargs)
  
  
  def bdate_range(start=None, end=None, periods=None, freq='B', tz=None,
                  normalize=True, name=None, weekmask=None, holidays=None,
                  closed=None, **kwargs):
      """
      Return a fixed frequency DatetimeIndex, with business day as the default
      frequency
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      start : string or datetime-like, default None
          Left bound for generating dates.
      end : string or datetime-like, default None
          Right bound for generating dates.
      periods : integer, default None
          Number of periods to generate.
      freq : string or DateOffset, default 'B' (business daily)
          Frequency strings can have multiples, e.g. '5H'.
      tz : string or None
          Time zone name for returning localized DatetimeIndex, for example
          Asia/Beijing.
      normalize : bool, default False
          Normalize start/end dates to midnight before generating date range.
      name : string, default None
          Name of the resulting DatetimeIndex.
      weekmask : string or None, default None
          Weekmask of valid business days, passed to ``numpy.busdaycalendar``,
          only used when custom frequency strings are passed.  The default
          value None is equivalent to 'Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri'.
  
          .. versionadded:: 0.21.0
  
      holidays : list-like or None, default None
          Dates to exclude from the set of valid business days, passed to
          ``numpy.busdaycalendar``, only used when custom frequency strings
          are passed.
  
          .. versionadded:: 0.21.0
  
      closed : string, default None
          Make the interval closed with respect to the given frequency to
          the 'left', 'right', or both sides (None).
      **kwargs
          For compatibility. Has no effect on the result.
  
      Notes
      -----
      Of the four parameters: ``start``, ``end``, ``periods``, and ``freq``,
      exactly three must be specified.  Specifying ``freq`` is a requirement
      for ``bdate_range``.  Use ``date_range`` if specifying ``freq`` is not
      desired.
  
      To learn more about the frequency strings, please see `this link
      <http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/timeseries.html#offset-aliases>`__.
  
      Returns
      -------
      DatetimeIndex
  
      Examples
      --------
      Note how the two weekend days are skipped in the result.
  
      >>> pd.bdate_range(start='1/1/2018', end='1/08/2018')
      DatetimeIndex(['2018-01-01', '2018-01-02', '2018-01-03', '2018-01-04',
                 '2018-01-05', '2018-01-08'],
                dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='B')
      """
      if freq is None:
          msg = 'freq must be specified for bdate_range; use date_range instead'
          raise TypeError(msg)
  
      if is_string_like(freq) and freq.startswith('C'):
          try:
              weekmask = weekmask or 'Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri'
              freq = prefix_mapping[freq](holidays=holidays, weekmask=weekmask)
          except (KeyError, TypeError):
              msg = 'invalid custom frequency string: {freq}'.format(freq=freq)
              raise ValueError(msg)
      elif holidays or weekmask:
          msg = ('a custom frequency string is required when holidays or '
                 'weekmask are passed, got frequency {freq}').format(freq=freq)
          raise ValueError(msg)
  
      return DatetimeIndex(start=start, end=end, periods=periods,
                           freq=freq, tz=tz, normalize=normalize, name=name,
                           closed=closed, **kwargs)
  
  
  def cdate_range(start=None, end=None, periods=None, freq='C', tz=None,
                  normalize=True, name=None, closed=None, **kwargs):
      """
      Return a fixed frequency DatetimeIndex, with CustomBusinessDay as the
      default frequency
  
      .. deprecated:: 0.21.0
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      start : string or datetime-like, default None
          Left bound for generating dates
      end : string or datetime-like, default None
          Right bound for generating dates
      periods : integer, default None
          Number of periods to generate
      freq : string or DateOffset, default 'C' (CustomBusinessDay)
          Frequency strings can have multiples, e.g. '5H'
      tz : string, default None
          Time zone name for returning localized DatetimeIndex, for example
          Asia/Beijing
      normalize : bool, default False
          Normalize start/end dates to midnight before generating date range
      name : string, default None
          Name of the resulting DatetimeIndex
      weekmask : string, Default 'Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri'
          weekmask of valid business days, passed to ``numpy.busdaycalendar``
      holidays : list
          list/array of dates to exclude from the set of valid business days,
          passed to ``numpy.busdaycalendar``
      closed : string, default None
          Make the interval closed with respect to the given frequency to
          the 'left', 'right', or both sides (None)
  
      Notes
      -----
      Of the three parameters: ``start``, ``end``, and ``periods``, exactly two
      must be specified.
  
      To learn more about the frequency strings, please see `this link
      <http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/timeseries.html#offset-aliases>`__.
  
      Returns
      -------
      rng : DatetimeIndex
      """
      warnings.warn("cdate_range is deprecated and will be removed in a future "
                    "version, instead use pd.bdate_range(..., freq='{freq}')"
                    .format(freq=freq), FutureWarning, stacklevel=2)
  
      if freq == 'C':
          holidays = kwargs.pop('holidays', [])
          weekmask = kwargs.pop('weekmask', 'Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri')
          freq = CDay(holidays=holidays, weekmask=weekmask)
      return DatetimeIndex(start=start, end=end, periods=periods, freq=freq,
                           tz=tz, normalize=normalize, name=name,
                           closed=closed, **kwargs)
  
  
  def _time_to_micros(time):
      seconds = time.hour * 60 * 60 + 60 * time.minute + time.second
      return 1000000 * seconds + time.microsecond
  