text: // Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors.
  //
  // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  // You may obtain a copy of the License at
  //
  //      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  //
  // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  // limitations under the License.
  
  // Unit tests for all str_cat.h functions
  
  #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
  
  #include <cstdint>
  #include <string>
  #include <vector>
  
  #include "gtest/gtest.h"
  #include "absl/strings/substitute.h"
  
  #ifdef __ANDROID__
  // Android assert messages only go to system log, so death tests cannot inspect
  // the message for matching.
  #define ABSL_EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
    EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, ".*")
  #else
  #define ABSL_EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex) \
    EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, regex)
  #endif
  
  namespace {
  
  // Test absl::StrCat of ints and longs of various sizes and signdedness.
  TEST(StrCat, Ints) {
    const short s = -1;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    const uint16_t us = 2;
    const int i = -3;
    const unsigned int ui = 4;
    const long l = -5;                 // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    const unsigned long ul = 6;        // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    const long long ll = -7;           // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    const unsigned long long ull = 8;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    const ptrdiff_t ptrdiff = -9;
    const size_t size = 10;
    const intptr_t intptr = -12;
    const uintptr_t uintptr = 13;
    std::string answer;
    answer = absl::StrCat(s, us);
    EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-12");
    answer = absl::StrCat(i, ui);
    EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-34");
    answer = absl::StrCat(l, ul);
    EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-56");
    answer = absl::StrCat(ll, ull);
    EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-78");
    answer = absl::StrCat(ptrdiff, size);
    EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-910");
    answer = absl::StrCat(ptrdiff, intptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-9-12");
    answer = absl::StrCat(uintptr, 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(answer, "130");
  }
  
  TEST(StrCat, Enums) {
    enum SmallNumbers { One = 1, Ten = 10 } e = Ten;
    EXPECT_EQ("10", absl::StrCat(e));
    EXPECT_EQ("-5", absl::StrCat(SmallNumbers(-5)));
  
    enum class Option { Boxers = 1, Briefs = -1 };
  
    EXPECT_EQ("-1", absl::StrCat(Option::Briefs));
  
    enum class Airplane : uint64_t {
      Airbus = 1,
      Boeing = 1000,
      Canary = 10000000000  // too big for "int"
    };
  
    EXPECT_EQ("10000000000", absl::StrCat(Airplane::Canary));
  
    enum class TwoGig : int32_t {
      TwoToTheZero = 1,
      TwoToTheSixteenth = 1 << 16,
      TwoToTheThirtyFirst = INT32_MIN
    };
    EXPECT_EQ("65536", absl::StrCat(TwoGig::TwoToTheSixteenth));
    EXPECT_EQ("-2147483648", absl::StrCat(TwoGig::TwoToTheThirtyFirst));
    EXPECT_EQ("-1", absl::StrCat(static_cast<TwoGig>(-1)));
  
    enum class FourGig : uint32_t {
      TwoToTheZero = 1,
      TwoToTheSixteenth = 1 << 16,
      TwoToTheThirtyFirst = 1U << 31  // too big for "int"
    };
    EXPECT_EQ("65536", absl::StrCat(FourGig::TwoToTheSixteenth));
    EXPECT_EQ("2147483648", absl::StrCat(FourGig::TwoToTheThirtyFirst));
    EXPECT_EQ("4294967295", absl::StrCat(static_cast<FourGig>(-1)));
  
    EXPECT_EQ("10000000000", absl::StrCat(Airplane::Canary));
  }
  
  TEST(StrCat, Basics) {
    std::string result;
  
    std::string strs[] = {"Hello", "Cruel", "World"};
  
    std::string stdstrs[] = {
      "std::Hello",
      "std::Cruel",
      "std::World"
    };
  
    absl::string_view pieces[] = {"Hello", "Cruel", "World"};
  
    const char* c_strs[] = {
      "Hello",
      "Cruel",
      "World"
    };
  
    int32_t i32s[] = {'H', 'C', 'W'};
    uint64_t ui64s[] = {12345678910LL, 10987654321LL};
  
    EXPECT_EQ(absl::StrCat(), "");
  
    result = absl::StrCat(false, true, 2, 3);
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "0123");
  
    result = absl::StrCat(-1);
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "-1");
  
    result = absl::StrCat(absl::SixDigits(0.5));
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "0.5");
  
    result = absl::StrCat(strs[1], pieces[2]);
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "CruelWorld");
  
    result = absl::StrCat(stdstrs[1], " ", stdstrs[2]);
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "std::Cruel std::World");
  
    result = absl::StrCat(strs[0], ", ", pieces[2]);
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "Hello, World");
  
    result = absl::StrCat(strs[0], ", ", strs[1], " ", strs[2], "!");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "Hello, Cruel World!");
  
    result = absl::StrCat(pieces[0], ", ", pieces[1], " ", pieces[2]);
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "Hello, Cruel World");
  
    result = absl::StrCat(c_strs[0], ", ", c_strs[1], " ", c_strs[2]);
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "Hello, Cruel World");
  
    result = absl::StrCat("ASCII ", i32s[0], ", ", i32s[1], " ", i32s[2], "!");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "ASCII 72, 67 87!");
  
    result = absl::StrCat(ui64s[0], ", ", ui64s[1], "!");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "12345678910, 10987654321!");
  
    std::string one =
        "1";  // Actually, it's the size of this std::string that we want; a
              // 64-bit build distinguishes between size_t and uint64_t,
              // even though they're both unsigned 64-bit values.
    result = absl::StrCat("And a ", one.size(), " and a ",
                          &result[2] - &result[0], " and a ", one, " 2 3 4", "!");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "And a 1 and a 2 and a 1 2 3 4!");
  
    // result = absl::StrCat("Single chars won't compile", '!');
    // result = absl::StrCat("Neither will nullptrs", nullptr);
    result =
        absl::StrCat("To output a char by ASCII/numeric value, use +: ", '!' + 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "To output a char by ASCII/numeric value, use +: 33");
  
    float f = 100000.5;
    result = absl::StrCat("A hundred K and a half is ", absl::SixDigits(f));
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "A hundred K and a half is 100000");
  
    f = 100001.5;
    result =
        absl::StrCat("A hundred K and one and a half is ", absl::SixDigits(f));
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "A hundred K and one and a half is 100002");
  
    double d = 100000.5;
    d *= d;
    result =
        absl::StrCat("A hundred K and a half squared is ", absl::SixDigits(d));
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "A hundred K and a half squared is 1.00001e+10");
  
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 333, 4444, 55555, 666666, 7777777, 88888888,
                          999999999);
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "12333444455555666666777777788888888999999999");
  }
  
  TEST(StrCat, CornerCases) {
    std::string result;
  
    result = absl::StrCat("");  // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "");
    result = absl::StrCat("", "");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "");
    result = absl::StrCat("", "", "");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "");
    result = absl::StrCat("", "", "", "");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "");
    result = absl::StrCat("", "", "", "", "");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "");
  }
  
  // A minimal allocator that uses malloc().
  template <typename T>
  struct Mallocator {
    typedef T value_type;
    typedef size_t size_type;
    typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
    typedef T* pointer;
    typedef const T* const_pointer;
    typedef T& reference;
    typedef const T& const_reference;
  
    size_type max_size() const {
      return size_t(std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max()) / sizeof(value_type);
    }
    template <typename U>
    struct rebind {
      typedef Mallocator<U> other;
    };
    Mallocator() = default;
    template <class U>
    Mallocator(const Mallocator<U>&) {}  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
  
    T* allocate(size_t n) { return static_cast<T*>(std::malloc(n * sizeof(T))); }
    void deallocate(T* p, size_t) { std::free(p); }
  };
  template <typename T, typename U>
  bool operator==(const Mallocator<T>&, const Mallocator<U>&) {
    return true;
  }
  template <typename T, typename U>
  bool operator!=(const Mallocator<T>&, const Mallocator<U>&) {
    return false;
  }
  
  TEST(StrCat, CustomAllocator) {
    using mstring =
        std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, Mallocator<char>>;
    const mstring str1("PARACHUTE OFF A BLIMP INTO MOSCONE!!");
  
    const mstring str2("Read this book about coffee tables");
  
    std::string result = absl::StrCat(str1, str2);
    EXPECT_EQ(result,
              "PARACHUTE OFF A BLIMP INTO MOSCONE!!"
              "Read this book about coffee tables");
  }
  
  TEST(StrCat, MaxArgs) {
    std::string result;
    // Test 10 up to 26 arguments, the old maximum
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789a");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789ab");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abc");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcd");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcde");
    result =
        absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdef");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
                          "g");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefg");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
                          "g", "h");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefgh");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
                          "g", "h", "i");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghi");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
                          "g", "h", "i", "j");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghij");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
                          "g", "h", "i", "j", "k");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijk");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
                          "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijkl");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
                          "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijklm");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
                          "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijklmn");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
                          "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijklmno");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
                          "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijklmnop");
    result = absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f",
                          "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "123456789abcdefghijklmnopq");
    // No limit thanks to C++11's variadic templates
    result = absl::StrCat(
        1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h",
        "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w",
        "x", "y", "z", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L",
        "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z");
    EXPECT_EQ(result,
              "12345678910abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ");
  }
  
  TEST(StrAppend, Basics) {
    std::string result = "existing text";
  
    std::string strs[] = {"Hello", "Cruel", "World"};
  
    std::string stdstrs[] = {
      "std::Hello",
      "std::Cruel",
      "std::World"
    };
  
    absl::string_view pieces[] = {"Hello", "Cruel", "World"};
  
    const char* c_strs[] = {
      "Hello",
      "Cruel",
      "World"
    };
  
    int32_t i32s[] = {'H', 'C', 'W'};
    uint64_t ui64s[] = {12345678910LL, 10987654321LL};
  
    std::string::size_type old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(&result);
    EXPECT_EQ(result.size(), old_size);
  
    old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(&result, strs[0]);
    EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "Hello");
  
    old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(&result, strs[1], pieces[2]);
    EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "CruelWorld");
  
    old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(&result, stdstrs[0], ", ", pieces[2]);
    EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "std::Hello, World");
  
    old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(&result, strs[0], ", ", stdstrs[1], " ", strs[2], "!");
    EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "Hello, std::Cruel World!");
  
    old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(&result, pieces[0], ", ", pieces[1], " ", pieces[2]);
    EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "Hello, Cruel World");
  
    old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(&result, c_strs[0], ", ", c_strs[1], " ", c_strs[2]);
    EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "Hello, Cruel World");
  
    old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(&result, "ASCII ", i32s[0], ", ", i32s[1], " ", i32s[2], "!");
    EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "ASCII 72, 67 87!");
  
    old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(&result, ui64s[0], ", ", ui64s[1], "!");
    EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "12345678910, 10987654321!");
  
    std::string one =
        "1";  // Actually, it's the size of this std::string that we want; a
              // 64-bit build distinguishes between size_t and uint64_t,
              // even though they're both unsigned 64-bit values.
    old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(&result, "And a ", one.size(), " and a ",
                    &result[2] - &result[0], " and a ", one, " 2 3 4", "!");
    EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "And a 1 and a 2 and a 1 2 3 4!");
  
    // result = absl::StrCat("Single chars won't compile", '!');
    // result = absl::StrCat("Neither will nullptrs", nullptr);
    old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(&result,
                    "To output a char by ASCII/numeric value, use +: ", '!' + 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size),
              "To output a char by ASCII/numeric value, use +: 33");
  
    // Test 9 arguments, the old maximum
    old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(&result, 1, 22, 333, 4444, 55555, 666666, 7777777, 88888888,
                    9);
    EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size), "1223334444555556666667777777888888889");
  
    // No limit thanks to C++11's variadic templates
    old_size = result.size();
    absl::StrAppend(
        &result, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,                           //
        "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m",  //
        "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z",  //
        "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M",  //
        "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z",  //
        "No limit thanks to C++11's variadic templates");
    EXPECT_EQ(result.substr(old_size),
              "12345678910abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
              "No limit thanks to C++11's variadic templates");
  }
  
  TEST(StrCat, VectorBoolReferenceTypes) {
    std::vector<bool> v;
    v.push_back(true);
    v.push_back(false);
    std::vector<bool> const& cv = v;
    // Test that vector<bool>::reference and vector<bool>::const_reference
    // are handled as if the were really bool types and not the proxy types
    // they really are.
    std::string result = absl::StrCat(v[0], v[1], cv[0], cv[1]); // NOLINT
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "1010");
  }
  
  // Passing nullptr to memcpy is undefined behavior and this test
  // provides coverage of codepaths that handle empty strings with nullptrs.
  TEST(StrCat, AvoidsMemcpyWithNullptr) {
    EXPECT_EQ(absl::StrCat(42, absl::string_view{}), "42");
  
    // Cover CatPieces code.
    EXPECT_EQ(absl::StrCat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, absl::string_view{}), "12345");
  
    // Cover AppendPieces.
    std::string result;
    absl::StrAppend(&result, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, absl::string_view{});
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "12345");
  }
  
  #ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
  TEST(StrAppend, Death) {
    std::string s = "self";
    // on linux it's "assertion", on mac it's "Assertion",
    // on chromiumos it's "Assertion ... failed".
    ABSL_EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(absl::StrAppend(&s, s.c_str() + 1),
                            "ssertion.*failed");
    ABSL_EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(absl::StrAppend(&s, s), "ssertion.*failed");
  }
  #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
  
  TEST(StrAppend, CornerCases) {
    std::string result;
    absl::StrAppend(&result, "");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "");
    absl::StrAppend(&result, "", "");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "");
    absl::StrAppend(&result, "", "", "");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "");
    absl::StrAppend(&result, "", "", "", "");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "");
    absl::StrAppend(&result, "", "", "", "", "");
    EXPECT_EQ(result, "");
  }
  
  TEST(StrAppend, CornerCasesNonEmptyAppend) {
    for (std::string result : {"hello", "a std::string too long to fit in the SSO"}) {
      const std::string expected = result;
      absl::StrAppend(&result, "");
      EXPECT_EQ(result, expected);
      absl::StrAppend(&result, "", "");
      EXPECT_EQ(result, expected);
      absl::StrAppend(&result, "", "", "");
      EXPECT_EQ(result, expected);
      absl::StrAppend(&result, "", "", "", "");
      EXPECT_EQ(result, expected);
      absl::StrAppend(&result, "", "", "", "", "");
      EXPECT_EQ(result, expected);
    }
  }
  
  template <typename IntType>
  void CheckHex(IntType v, const char* nopad_format, const char* zeropad_format,
                const char* spacepad_format) {
    char expected[256];
  
    std::string actual = absl::StrCat(absl::Hex(v, absl::kNoPad));
    snprintf(expected, sizeof(expected), nopad_format, v);
    EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) << " decimal value " << v;
  
    for (int spec = absl::kZeroPad2; spec <= absl::kZeroPad20; ++spec) {
      std::string actual =
          absl::StrCat(absl::Hex(v, static_cast<absl::PadSpec>(spec)));
      snprintf(expected, sizeof(expected), zeropad_format,
               spec - absl::kZeroPad2 + 2, v);
      EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) << " decimal value " << v;
    }
  
    for (int spec = absl::kSpacePad2; spec <= absl::kSpacePad20; ++spec) {
      std::string actual =
          absl::StrCat(absl::Hex(v, static_cast<absl::PadSpec>(spec)));
      snprintf(expected, sizeof(expected), spacepad_format,
               spec - absl::kSpacePad2 + 2, v);
      EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) << " decimal value " << v;
    }
  }
  
  template <typename IntType>
  void CheckDec(IntType v, const char* nopad_format, const char* zeropad_format,
                const char* spacepad_format) {
    char expected[256];
  
    std::string actual = absl::StrCat(absl::Dec(v, absl::kNoPad));
    snprintf(expected, sizeof(expected), nopad_format, v);
    EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) << " decimal value " << v;
  
    for (int spec = absl::kZeroPad2; spec <= absl::kZeroPad20; ++spec) {
      std::string actual =
          absl::StrCat(absl::Dec(v, static_cast<absl::PadSpec>(spec)));
      snprintf(expected, sizeof(expected), zeropad_format,
               spec - absl::kZeroPad2 + 2, v);
      EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual)
          << " decimal value " << v << " format '" << zeropad_format
          << "' digits " << (spec - absl::kZeroPad2 + 2);
    }
  
    for (int spec = absl::kSpacePad2; spec <= absl::kSpacePad20; ++spec) {
      std::string actual =
          absl::StrCat(absl::Dec(v, static_cast<absl::PadSpec>(spec)));
      snprintf(expected, sizeof(expected), spacepad_format,
               spec - absl::kSpacePad2 + 2, v);
      EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual)
          << " decimal value " << v << " format '" << spacepad_format
          << "' digits " << (spec - absl::kSpacePad2 + 2);
    }
  }
  
  void CheckHexDec64(uint64_t v) {
    unsigned long long ullv = v;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
  
    CheckHex(ullv, "%llx", "%0*llx", "%*llx");
    CheckDec(ullv, "%llu", "%0*llu", "%*llu");
  
    long long llv = static_cast<long long>(ullv);  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    CheckDec(llv, "%lld", "%0*lld", "%*lld");
  
    if (sizeof(v) == sizeof(&v)) {
      auto uintptr = static_cast<uintptr_t>(v);
      void* ptr = reinterpret_cast<void*>(uintptr);
      CheckHex(ptr, "%llx", "%0*llx", "%*llx");
    }
  }
  
  void CheckHexDec32(uint32_t uv) {
    CheckHex(uv, "%x", "%0*x", "%*x");
    CheckDec(uv, "%u", "%0*u", "%*u");
    int32_t v = static_cast<int32_t>(uv);
    CheckDec(v, "%d", "%0*d", "%*d");
  
    if (sizeof(v) == sizeof(&v)) {
      auto uintptr = static_cast<uintptr_t>(v);
      void* ptr = reinterpret_cast<void*>(uintptr);
      CheckHex(ptr, "%x", "%0*x", "%*x");
    }
  }
  
  void CheckAll(uint64_t v) {
    CheckHexDec64(v);
    CheckHexDec32(static_cast<uint32_t>(v));
  }
  
  void TestFastPrints() {
    // Test all small ints; there aren't many and they're common.
    for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
      CheckAll(i);
    }
  
    CheckAll(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max());
    CheckAll(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max() - 1);
    CheckAll(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min());
    CheckAll(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min() + 1);
    CheckAll(std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
    CheckAll(std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() - 1);
    CheckAll(std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min());
    CheckAll(std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min() + 1);
    CheckAll(999999999);              // fits in 32 bits
    CheckAll(1000000000);             // fits in 32 bits
    CheckAll(9999999999);             // doesn't fit in 32 bits
    CheckAll(10000000000);            // doesn't fit in 32 bits
    CheckAll(999999999999999999);     // fits in signed 64-bit
    CheckAll(9999999999999999999u);   // fits in unsigned 64-bit, but not signed.
    CheckAll(1000000000000000000);    // fits in signed 64-bit
    CheckAll(10000000000000000000u);  // fits in unsigned 64-bit, but not signed.
  
    CheckAll(999999999876543210);    // check all decimal digits, signed
    CheckAll(9999999999876543210u);  // check all decimal digits, unsigned.
    CheckAll(0x123456789abcdef0);    // check all hex digits
    CheckAll(0x12345678);
  
    int8_t minus_one_8bit = -1;
    EXPECT_EQ("ff", absl::StrCat(absl::Hex(minus_one_8bit)));
  
    int16_t minus_one_16bit = -1;
    EXPECT_EQ("ffff", absl::StrCat(absl::Hex(minus_one_16bit)));
  }
  
  TEST(Numbers, TestFunctionsMovedOverFromNumbersMain) {
    TestFastPrints();
  }
  
  }  // namespace
  