text: // Copyright (c) 2018-2020 The Pexa Core developers
  // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
  // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
  
  #ifndef PEXA_SPAN_H
  #define PEXA_SPAN_H
  
  #include <type_traits>
  #include <cstddef>
  #include <algorithm>
  #include <assert.h>
  
  /** A Span is an object that can refer to a contiguous sequence of objects.
   *
   * It implements a subset of C++20's std::span.
   */
  template<typename C>
  class Span
  {
      C* m_data;
      std::ptrdiff_t m_size;
  
  public:
      constexpr Span() noexcept : m_data(nullptr), m_size(0) {}
      constexpr Span(C* data, std::ptrdiff_t size) noexcept : m_data(data), m_size(size) {}
      constexpr Span(C* data, C* end) noexcept : m_data(data), m_size(end - data) {}
  
      /** Implicit conversion of spans between compatible types.
       *
       *  Specifically, if a pointer to an array of type O can be implicitly converted to a pointer to an array of type
       *  C, then permit implicit conversion of Span<O> to Span<C>. This matches the behavior of the corresponding
       *  C++20 std::span constructor.
       *
       *  For example this means that a Span<T> can be converted into a Span<const T>.
       */
      template <typename O, typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<O (*)[], C (*)[]>::value, int>::type = 0>
      constexpr Span(const Span<O>& other) noexcept : m_data(other.m_data), m_size(other.m_size) {}
  
      /** Default copy constructor. */
      constexpr Span(const Span&) noexcept = default;
  
      /** Default assignment operator. */
      Span& operator=(const Span& other) noexcept = default;
  
      constexpr C* data() const noexcept { return m_data; }
      constexpr C* begin() const noexcept { return m_data; }
      constexpr C* end() const noexcept { return m_data + m_size; }
      constexpr C& front() const noexcept { return m_data[0]; }
      constexpr C& back() const noexcept { return m_data[m_size - 1]; }
      constexpr std::ptrdiff_t size() const noexcept { return m_size; }
      constexpr C& operator[](std::ptrdiff_t pos) const noexcept { return m_data[pos]; }
  
      constexpr Span<C> subspan(std::ptrdiff_t offset) const noexcept { return Span<C>(m_data + offset, m_size - offset); }
      constexpr Span<C> subspan(std::ptrdiff_t offset, std::ptrdiff_t count) const noexcept { return Span<C>(m_data + offset, count); }
      constexpr Span<C> first(std::ptrdiff_t count) const noexcept { return Span<C>(m_data, count); }
      constexpr Span<C> last(std::ptrdiff_t count) const noexcept { return Span<C>(m_data + m_size - count, count); }
  
      friend constexpr bool operator==(const Span& a, const Span& b) noexcept { return a.size() == b.size() && std::equal(a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin()); }
      friend constexpr bool operator!=(const Span& a, const Span& b) noexcept { return !(a == b); }
      friend constexpr bool operator<(const Span& a, const Span& b) noexcept { return std::lexicographical_compare(a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(), b.end()); }
      friend constexpr bool operator<=(const Span& a, const Span& b) noexcept { return !(b < a); }
      friend constexpr bool operator>(const Span& a, const Span& b) noexcept { return (b < a); }
      friend constexpr bool operator>=(const Span& a, const Span& b) noexcept { return !(a < b); }
  
      template <typename O> friend class Span;
  };
  
  /** Create a span to a container exposing data() and size().
   *
   * This correctly deals with constness: the returned Span's element type will be
   * whatever data() returns a pointer to. If either the passed container is const,
   * or its element type is const, the resulting span will have a const element type.
   *
   * std::span will have a constructor that implements this functionality directly.
   */
  template<typename A, int N>
  constexpr Span<A> MakeSpan(A (&a)[N]) { return Span<A>(a, N); }
  
  template<typename V>
  constexpr Span<typename std::remove_pointer<decltype(std::declval<V>().data())>::type> MakeSpan(V& v) { return Span<typename std::remove_pointer<decltype(std::declval<V>().data())>::type>(v.data(), v.size()); }
  
  /** Pop the last element off a span, and return a reference to that element. */
  template <typename T>
  T& SpanPopBack(Span<T>& span)
  {
      size_t size = span.size();
      assert(size > 0);
      T& back = span[size - 1];
      span = Span<T>(span.data(), size - 1);
      return back;
  }
  
  #endif
  