text: from countries import country_list # Note: since the list is so large, it's tidier
  
  # Practicing with dictionaries, like HashSets, CANNOT SORT
  
  # count number of each country, imported
  country_counts = {}
  for country in country_list:
      if country in country_counts:
          country_counts[country] += 1
      else:
          country_counts[country] = 1
  print(country_counts)
  
  # simple dictionary, key: value
  population = {'Shanghai':17.8, 'Istanbul': 13.3, 'Karachi': 13.0, 'Mumbai': 12.5}
  print(population['Shanghai'])
  #KeyError: print(population['Atlanta'])
  print(population.get('Atlanta')) #None
  if 'Atlanta' in population: #Check if in dictionary
      print("City under control")
  else:
      print("CITY OUT OF CONTROL!")
  print(population.get('Atlanta', 'No population there')) #Will print latter
  population['Atlanta'] = 3
  for city in population:
      print("The city {} has a population of {} million".format(city, population[city]))
  
  # Dictionary sample
  Beatles_Discography = {"Please Please Me": 1963, "With the Beatles": 1963,
      "A Hard Day's Night": 1964, "Beatles for Sale": 1964, "Twist and Shout": 1964,
      "Help": 1965, "Rubber Soul": 1965, "Revolver": 1966,
      "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band": 1967,
      "Magical Mystery Tour": 1967, "The Beatles": 1968,
      "Yellow Submarine": 1969 ,'Abbey Road': 1969,
      "Let It Be": 1970}
  for album_title in Beatles_Discography:
      print("title: {}, year: {}".format(album_title, Beatles_Discography[album_title]))
  
  # Finds the value that repeats the most
  def most_prolific(discography):
      year_list = {}
      # creates dictionary of key = year, value = occurrence number
      for album_title in discography:
          year = discography[album_title]
          if year in year_list:
              year_list[year] += 1
          else:
              year_list[year] = 1
      # return max value
      return max(year_list, key=year_list.get)
  print (most_prolific(Beatles_Discography))
  
  # dictionary in a dictionary
  elements = {'hydrogen': {'number': 1, 'weight': 1.00794, 'symbol': 'H'}, 'helium': {'number': 2, 'weight': 4.002602, 'symbol': 'He'}}
  print(elements['helium']['symbol'])
  elements['hydrogen']['is_noble_gas'] = False
  elements['helium']['is_noble_gas'] = True
  print(elements['hydrogen'])
  
  # dictionary with a list for values
  monthly_takings = {'January': [54, 63], 'February': [64, 60], 'March': [63, 49],
                     'April': [57, 42], 'May': [55, 37], 'June': [34, 32],
                     'July': [69, 41, 32], 'August': [40, 61, 40], 'September': [51, 62],
                     'October': [34, 58, 45], 'November': [67, 44], 'December': [41, 58]}
  # total up all the numbers (earnings) throughout the year
  def total_takings(yearly_record):
      total = 0;
      for month in yearly_record:
          for earning in yearly_record[month]:
              total += earning
      return total
  print(total_takings(monthly_takings))
  
  # do nothing
  def some_function(argument):
      pass
  