text: //
  // String.h
  //
  // $Id: //poco/1.4/Foundation/include/Poco/String.h#2 $
  //
  // Library: Foundation
  // Package: Core
  // Module:  String
  //
  // String utility functions.
  //
  // Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Applied Informatics Software Engineering GmbH.
  // and Contributors.
  //
  // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
  // obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
  // this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,
  // execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
  // Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
  // do so, all subject to the following:
  // 
  // The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
  // the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
  // must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
  // all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
  // works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
  // a source language processor.
  // 
  // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  // FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
  // SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
  // FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
  // ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
  // DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  //
  
  
  #ifndef Foundation_String_INCLUDED
  #define Foundation_String_INCLUDED
  
  
  #include "Poco/Foundation.h"
  #include "Poco/Ascii.h"
  #include <cstring>
  
  
  namespace Poco {
  
  
  template <class S>
  S trimLeft(const S& str)
  	/// Returns a copy of str with all leading
  	/// whitespace removed.
  {
  	typename S::const_iterator it  = str.begin();
  	typename S::const_iterator end = str.end();
  	
  	while (it != end && Ascii::isSpace(*it)) ++it;
  	return S(it, end);
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S& trimLeftInPlace(S& str)
  	/// Removes all leading whitespace in str.
  {
  	typename S::iterator it  = str.begin();
  	typename S::iterator end = str.end();
  	
  	while (it != end && Ascii::isSpace(*it)) ++it;
  	str.erase(str.begin(), it);
  	return str;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S trimRight(const S& str)
  	/// Returns a copy of str with all trailing
  	/// whitespace removed.
  {
  	int pos = int(str.size()) - 1;
  		
  	while (pos >= 0 && Ascii::isSpace(str[pos])) --pos;
  	return S(str, 0, pos + 1);
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S& trimRightInPlace(S& str)
  	/// Removes all trailing whitespace in str.
  {
  	int pos = int(str.size()) - 1;
  		
  	while (pos >= 0 && Ascii::isSpace(str[pos])) --pos;
  	str.resize(pos + 1);
  
  	return str;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S trim(const S& str)
  	/// Returns a copy of str with all leading and
  	/// trailing whitespace removed.
  {
  	int first = 0;
  	int last  = int(str.size()) - 1;
  	
  	while (first <= last && Ascii::isSpace(str[first])) ++first;
  	while (last >= first && Ascii::isSpace(str[last])) --last;
  
  	return S(str, first, last - first + 1);
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S& trimInPlace(S& str)
  	/// Removes all leading and trailing whitespace in str.
  {
  	int first = 0;
  	int last  = int(str.size()) - 1;
  	
  	while (first <= last && Ascii::isSpace(str[first])) ++first;
  	while (last >= first && Ascii::isSpace(str[last])) --last;
  
  	str.resize(last + 1);
  	str.erase(0, first);
  
  	return str;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S toUpper(const S& str)
  	/// Returns a copy of str containing all upper-case characters.
  {
  	typename S::const_iterator it  = str.begin();
  	typename S::const_iterator end = str.end();
  
  	S result;
  	result.reserve(str.size());
  	while (it != end) result += static_cast<typename S::value_type>(Ascii::toUpper(*it++));
  	return result;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S& toUpperInPlace(S& str)
  	/// Replaces all characters in str with their upper-case counterparts.
  {
  	typename S::iterator it  = str.begin();
  	typename S::iterator end = str.end();
  
  	while (it != end) { *it = static_cast<typename S::value_type>(Ascii::toUpper(*it)); ++it; }
  	return str;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S toLower(const S& str)
  	/// Returns a copy of str containing all lower-case characters.
  {
  	typename S::const_iterator it  = str.begin();
  	typename S::const_iterator end = str.end();
  
  	S result;
  	result.reserve(str.size());
  	while (it != end) result += static_cast<typename S::value_type>(Ascii::toLower(*it++));
  	return result;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S& toLowerInPlace(S& str)
  	/// Replaces all characters in str with their lower-case counterparts.
  {
  	typename S::iterator it  = str.begin();
  	typename S::iterator end = str.end();
  
  	while (it != end) { *it = static_cast<typename S::value_type>(Ascii::toLower(*it)); ++it; }
  	return str;
  }
  
  
  #if !defined(POCO_NO_TEMPLATE_ICOMPARE)
  
  
  template <class S, class It>
  int icompare(
  	const S& str,
  	typename S::size_type pos, 
  	typename S::size_type n,
  	It it2, 
  	It end2)
  	/// Case-insensitive string comparison
  {
  	typename S::size_type sz = str.size();
  	if (pos > sz) pos = sz;
  	if (pos + n > sz) n = sz - pos;
  	It it1  = str.begin() + pos; 
  	It end1 = str.begin() + pos + n;
  	while (it1 != end1 && it2 != end2)
  	{
          typename S::value_type c1(static_cast<typename S::value_type>(Ascii::toLower(*it1)));
          typename S::value_type c2(static_cast<typename S::value_type>(Ascii::toLower(*it2)));
          if (c1 < c2)
              return -1;
          else if (c1 > c2)
              return 1;
          ++it1; ++it2;
  	}
      
      if (it1 == end1)
  		return it2 == end2 ? 0 : -1;
      else
          return 1;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  int icompare(const S& str1, const S& str2)
  	// A special optimization for an often used case.
  {
  	typename S::const_iterator it1(str1.begin());
  	typename S::const_iterator end1(str1.end());
  	typename S::const_iterator it2(str2.begin());
  	typename S::const_iterator end2(str2.end());
  	while (it1 != end1 && it2 != end2)
  	{
          typename S::value_type c1(static_cast<typename S::value_type>(Ascii::toLower(*it1)));
          typename S::value_type c2(static_cast<typename S::value_type>(Ascii::toLower(*it2)));
          if (c1 < c2)
              return -1;
          else if (c1 > c2)
              return 1;
          ++it1; ++it2;
  	}
      
      if (it1 == end1)
  		return it2 == end2 ? 0 : -1;
      else
          return 1;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  int icompare(const S& str1, typename S::size_type n1, const S& str2, typename S::size_type n2)
  {
  	if (n2 > str2.size()) n2 = str2.size();
  	return icompare(str1, 0, n1, str2.begin(), str2.begin() + n2);
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  int icompare(const S& str1, typename S::size_type n, const S& str2)
  {
  	if (n > str2.size()) n = str2.size();
  	return icompare(str1, 0, n, str2.begin(), str2.begin() + n);
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  int icompare(const S& str1, typename S::size_type pos, typename S::size_type n, const S& str2)
  {
  	return icompare(str1, pos, n, str2.begin(), str2.end());
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  int icompare(
  	const S& str1, 
  	typename S::size_type pos1, 
  	typename S::size_type n1, 
  	const S& str2,
  	typename S::size_type pos2,
  	typename S::size_type n2)
  {
  	typename S::size_type sz2 = str2.size();
  	if (pos2 > sz2) pos2 = sz2;
  	if (pos2 + n2 > sz2) n2 = sz2 - pos2;
  	return icompare(str1, pos1, n1, str2.begin() + pos2, str2.begin() + pos2 + n2);
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  int icompare(
  	const S& str1, 
  	typename S::size_type pos1, 
  	typename S::size_type n, 
  	const S& str2,
  	typename S::size_type pos2)
  {
  	typename S::size_type sz2 = str2.size();
  	if (pos2 > sz2) pos2 = sz2;
  	if (pos2 + n > sz2) n = sz2 - pos2;
  	return icompare(str1, pos1, n, str2.begin() + pos2, str2.begin() + pos2 + n);
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  int icompare(
  	const S& str,
  	typename S::size_type pos,
  	typename S::size_type n,
  	const typename S::value_type* ptr)
  {
  	poco_check_ptr (ptr);
  	typename S::size_type sz = str.size();
  	if (pos > sz) pos = sz;
  	if (pos + n > sz) n = sz - pos;
  	typename S::const_iterator it  = str.begin() + pos; 
  	typename S::const_iterator end = str.begin() + pos + n;
  	while (it != end && *ptr)
  	{
          typename S::value_type c1(static_cast<typename S::value_type>(Ascii::toLower(*it)));
          typename S::value_type c2(static_cast<typename S::value_type>(Ascii::toLower(*ptr)));
          if (c1 < c2)
              return -1;
          else if (c1 > c2)
              return 1;
          ++it; ++ptr;
  	}
      
      if (it == end)
  		return *ptr == 0 ? 0 : -1;
      else
          return 1;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  int icompare(
  	const S& str,
  	typename S::size_type pos,
  	const typename S::value_type* ptr)
  {
  	return icompare(str, pos, str.size() - pos, ptr);
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  int icompare(
  	const S& str,
  	const typename S::value_type* ptr)
  {
  	return icompare(str, 0, str.size(), ptr);
  }
  
  
  #else
  
  
  int Foundation_API icompare(const std::string& str, std::string::size_type pos, std::string::size_type n, std::string::const_iterator it2, std::string::const_iterator end2);
  int Foundation_API icompare(const std::string& str1, const std::string& str2);
  int Foundation_API icompare(const std::string& str1, std::string::size_type n1, const std::string& str2, std::string::size_type n2);
  int Foundation_API icompare(const std::string& str1, std::string::size_type n, const std::string& str2);
  int Foundation_API icompare(const std::string& str1, std::string::size_type pos, std::string::size_type n, const std::string& str2);
  int Foundation_API icompare(const std::string& str1, std::string::size_type pos1, std::string::size_type n1, const std::string& str2, std::string::size_type pos2, std::string::size_type n2);
  int Foundation_API icompare(const std::string& str1, std::string::size_type pos1, std::string::size_type n, const std::string& str2, std::string::size_type pos2);
  int Foundation_API icompare(const std::string& str, std::string::size_type pos, std::string::size_type n, const std::string::value_type* ptr);
  int Foundation_API icompare(const std::string& str, std::string::size_type pos, const std::string::value_type* ptr);
  int Foundation_API icompare(const std::string& str, const std::string::value_type* ptr);
  
  
  #endif
  
  
  template <class S>
  S translate(const S& str, const S& from, const S& to)
  	/// Returns a copy of str with all characters in
  	/// from replaced by the corresponding (by position)
  	/// characters in to. If there is no corresponding
  	/// character in to, the character is removed from
  	/// the copy. 
  {
  	S result;
  	result.reserve(str.size());
  	typename S::const_iterator it  = str.begin();
  	typename S::const_iterator end = str.end();
  	typename S::size_type toSize = to.size();
  	while (it != end)
  	{
  		typename S::size_type pos = from.find(*it);
  		if (pos == S::npos)
  		{
  			result += *it;
  		}
  		else
  		{
  			if (pos < toSize) result += to[pos];
  		}
  		++it;
  	}
  	return result;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S translate(const S& str, const typename S::value_type* from, const typename S::value_type* to)
  {
  	poco_check_ptr (from);
  	poco_check_ptr (to);
  	return translate(str, S(from), S(to));
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S& translateInPlace(S& str, const S& from, const S& to)
  	/// Replaces in str all occurences of characters in from
  	/// with the corresponding (by position) characters in to.
  	/// If there is no corresponding character, the character
  	/// is removed.
  {
  	str = translate(str, from, to);
  	return str;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S translateInPlace(S& str, const typename S::value_type* from, const typename S::value_type* to)
  {
  	poco_check_ptr (from);
  	poco_check_ptr (to);
  	str = translate(str, S(from), S(to));
  	return str;
  }
  
  
  #if !defined(POCO_NO_TEMPLATE_ICOMPARE)
  
  
  template <class S>
  S& replaceInPlace(S& str, const S& from, const S& to, typename S::size_type start = 0)
  {
  	poco_assert (from.size() > 0);
  	
  	S result;
  	typename S::size_type pos = 0;
  	result.append(str, 0, start);
  	do
  	{
  		pos = str.find(from, start);
  		if (pos != S::npos)
  		{
  			result.append(str, start, pos - start);
  			result.append(to);
  			start = pos + from.length();
  		}
  		else result.append(str, start, str.size() - start);
  	}
  	while (pos != S::npos);
  	str.swap(result);
  	return str;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S& replaceInPlace(S& str, const typename S::value_type* from, const typename S::value_type* to, typename S::size_type start = 0)
  {
  	poco_assert (*from);
  
  	S result;
  	typename S::size_type pos = 0;
  	typename S::size_type fromLen = std::strlen(from);
  	result.append(str, 0, start);
  	do
  	{
  		pos = str.find(from, start);
  		if (pos != S::npos)
  		{
  			result.append(str, start, pos - start);
  			result.append(to);
  			start = pos + fromLen;
  		}
  		else result.append(str, start, str.size() - start);
  	}
  	while (pos != S::npos);
  	str.swap(result);
  	return str;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S replace(const S& str, const S& from, const S& to, typename S::size_type start = 0)
  	/// Replace all occurences of from (which must not be the empty string)
  	/// in str with to, starting at position start.
  {
  	S result(str);
  	replaceInPlace(result, from, to, start);
  	return result;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S replace(const S& str, const typename S::value_type* from, const typename S::value_type* to, typename S::size_type start = 0)
  {
  	S result(str);
  	replaceInPlace(result, from, to, start);
  	return result;
  }
  
  
  #else
  
  
  std::string Foundation_API replace(const std::string& str, const std::string& from, const std::string& to, std::string::size_type start = 0);
  std::string Foundation_API replace(const std::string& str, const std::string::value_type* from, const std::string::value_type* to, std::string::size_type start = 0);
  std::string& Foundation_API replaceInPlace(std::string& str, const std::string& from, const std::string& to, std::string::size_type start = 0);
  std::string& Foundation_API replaceInPlace(std::string& str, const std::string::value_type* from, const std::string::value_type* to, std::string::size_type start = 0);
  	
  
  #endif	
  
  
  template <class S>
  S cat(const S& s1, const S& s2)
  	/// Concatenates two strings.
  {
  	S result = s1;
  	result.reserve(s1.size() + s2.size());
  	result.append(s2);
  	return result;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S cat(const S& s1, const S& s2, const S& s3)
  	/// Concatenates three strings.
  {
  	S result = s1;
  	result.reserve(s1.size() + s2.size() + s3.size());
  	result.append(s2);
  	result.append(s3);
  	return result;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S cat(const S& s1, const S& s2, const S& s3, const S& s4)
  	/// Concatenates four strings.
  {
  	S result = s1;
  	result.reserve(s1.size() + s2.size() + s3.size() + s4.size());
  	result.append(s2);
  	result.append(s3);
  	result.append(s4);
  	return result;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S cat(const S& s1, const S& s2, const S& s3, const S& s4, const S& s5)
  	/// Concatenates five strings.
  {
  	S result = s1;
  	result.reserve(s1.size() + s2.size() + s3.size() + s4.size() + s5.size());
  	result.append(s2);
  	result.append(s3);
  	result.append(s4);
  	result.append(s5);
  	return result;
  }
  
  
  template <class S>
  S cat(const S& s1, const S& s2, const S& s3, const S& s4, const S& s5, const S& s6)
  	/// Concatenates six strings.
  {
  	S result = s1;
  	result.reserve(s1.size() + s2.size() + s3.size() + s4.size() + s5.size() + s6.size());
  	result.append(s2);
  	result.append(s3);
  	result.append(s4);
  	result.append(s5);
  	result.append(s6);
  	return result;
  }
  
  
  template <class S, class It>
  S cat(const S& delim, const It& begin, const It& end)
  	/// Concatenates a sequence of strings, delimited
  	/// by the string given in delim.
  {
  	S result;
  	for (It it = begin; it != end; ++it)
  	{
  		if (!result.empty()) result.append(delim);
  		result += *it;
  	}
  	return result;
  }
  
  
  } // namespace Poco
  
  
  #endif // Foundation_String_INCLUDED
  