text: import inspect
  from functools import partial
  
  from graphql import (
      default_type_resolver,
      get_introspection_query,
      graphql,
      graphql_sync,
      introspection_types,
      parse,
      print_schema,
      subscribe,
      validate,
      ExecutionResult,
      GraphQLArgument,
      GraphQLBoolean,
      GraphQLError,
      GraphQLEnumValue,
      GraphQLField,
      GraphQLFloat,
      GraphQLID,
      GraphQLInputField,
      GraphQLInt,
      GraphQLList,
      GraphQLNonNull,
      GraphQLObjectType,
      GraphQLSchema,
      GraphQLString,
  )
  from graphql.execution import ExecutionContext
  from graphql.execution.values import get_argument_values
  
  from ..utils.str_converters import to_camel_case
  from ..utils.get_unbound_function import get_unbound_function
  from .definitions import (
      GrapheneEnumType,
      GrapheneGraphQLType,
      GrapheneInputObjectType,
      GrapheneInterfaceType,
      GrapheneObjectType,
      GrapheneScalarType,
      GrapheneUnionType,
  )
  from .dynamic import Dynamic
  from .enum import Enum
  from .field import Field
  from .inputobjecttype import InputObjectType
  from .interface import Interface
  from .objecttype import ObjectType
  from .resolver import get_default_resolver
  from .scalars import ID, Boolean, Float, Int, Scalar, String
  from .structures import List, NonNull
  from .union import Union
  from .utils import get_field_as
  
  introspection_query = get_introspection_query()
  IntrospectionSchema = introspection_types["__Schema"]
  
  
  def assert_valid_root_type(type_):
      if type_ is None:
          return
      is_graphene_objecttype = inspect.isclass(type_) and issubclass(type_, ObjectType)
      is_graphql_objecttype = isinstance(type_, GraphQLObjectType)
      assert (
          is_graphene_objecttype or is_graphql_objecttype
      ), f"Type {type_} is not a valid ObjectType."
  
  
  def is_graphene_type(type_):
      if isinstance(type_, (List, NonNull)):
          return True
      if inspect.isclass(type_) and issubclass(
          type_, (ObjectType, InputObjectType, Scalar, Interface, Union, Enum)
      ):
          return True
  
  
  def is_type_of_from_possible_types(possible_types, root, _info):
      return isinstance(root, possible_types)
  
  
  # We use this resolver for subscriptions
  def identity_resolve(root, info, **arguments):
      return root
  
  
  class TypeMap(dict):
      def __init__(
          self,
          query=None,
          mutation=None,
          subscription=None,
          types=None,
          auto_camelcase=True,
      ):
          assert_valid_root_type(query)
          assert_valid_root_type(mutation)
          assert_valid_root_type(subscription)
          if types is None:
              types = []
          for type_ in types:
              assert is_graphene_type(type_)
  
          self.auto_camelcase = auto_camelcase
  
          create_graphql_type = self.add_type
  
          self.query = create_graphql_type(query) if query else None
          self.mutation = create_graphql_type(mutation) if mutation else None
          self.subscription = create_graphql_type(subscription) if subscription else None
  
          self.types = [create_graphql_type(graphene_type) for graphene_type in types]
  
      def add_type(self, graphene_type):
          if inspect.isfunction(graphene_type):
              graphene_type = graphene_type()
          if isinstance(graphene_type, List):
              return GraphQLList(self.add_type(graphene_type.of_type))
          if isinstance(graphene_type, NonNull):
              return GraphQLNonNull(self.add_type(graphene_type.of_type))
          try:
              name = graphene_type._meta.name
          except AttributeError:
              raise TypeError(f"Expected Graphene type, but received: {graphene_type}.")
          graphql_type = self.get(name)
          if graphql_type:
              return graphql_type
          if issubclass(graphene_type, ObjectType):
              graphql_type = self.create_objecttype(graphene_type)
          elif issubclass(graphene_type, InputObjectType):
              graphql_type = self.create_inputobjecttype(graphene_type)
          elif issubclass(graphene_type, Interface):
              graphql_type = self.create_interface(graphene_type)
          elif issubclass(graphene_type, Scalar):
              graphql_type = self.create_scalar(graphene_type)
          elif issubclass(graphene_type, Enum):
              graphql_type = self.create_enum(graphene_type)
          elif issubclass(graphene_type, Union):
              graphql_type = self.construct_union(graphene_type)
          else:
              raise TypeError(f"Expected Graphene type, but received: {graphene_type}.")
          self[name] = graphql_type
          return graphql_type
  
      @staticmethod
      def create_scalar(graphene_type):
          # We have a mapping to the original GraphQL types
          # so there are no collisions.
          _scalars = {
              String: GraphQLString,
              Int: GraphQLInt,
              Float: GraphQLFloat,
              Boolean: GraphQLBoolean,
              ID: GraphQLID,
          }
          if graphene_type in _scalars:
              return _scalars[graphene_type]
  
          return GrapheneScalarType(
              graphene_type=graphene_type,
              name=graphene_type._meta.name,
              description=graphene_type._meta.description,
              serialize=getattr(graphene_type, "serialize", None),
              parse_value=getattr(graphene_type, "parse_value", None),
              parse_literal=getattr(graphene_type, "parse_literal", None),
          )
  
      @staticmethod
      def create_enum(graphene_type):
          values = {}
          for name, value in graphene_type._meta.enum.__members__.items():
              description = getattr(value, "description", None)
              deprecation_reason = getattr(value, "deprecation_reason", None)
              if not description and callable(graphene_type._meta.description):
                  description = graphene_type._meta.description(value)
  
              if not deprecation_reason and callable(
                  graphene_type._meta.deprecation_reason
              ):
                  deprecation_reason = graphene_type._meta.deprecation_reason(value)
  
              values[name] = GraphQLEnumValue(
                  value=value,
                  description=description,
                  deprecation_reason=deprecation_reason,
              )
  
          type_description = (
              graphene_type._meta.description(None)
              if callable(graphene_type._meta.description)
              else graphene_type._meta.description
          )
  
          return GrapheneEnumType(
              graphene_type=graphene_type,
              values=values,
              name=graphene_type._meta.name,
              description=type_description,
          )
  
      def create_objecttype(self, graphene_type):
          create_graphql_type = self.add_type
  
          def interfaces():
              interfaces = []
              for graphene_interface in graphene_type._meta.interfaces:
                  interface = create_graphql_type(graphene_interface)
                  assert interface.graphene_type == graphene_interface
                  interfaces.append(interface)
              return interfaces
  
          if graphene_type._meta.possible_types:
              is_type_of = partial(
                  is_type_of_from_possible_types, graphene_type._meta.possible_types
              )
          else:
              is_type_of = graphene_type.is_type_of
  
          return GrapheneObjectType(
              graphene_type=graphene_type,
              name=graphene_type._meta.name,
              description=graphene_type._meta.description,
              fields=partial(self.create_fields_for_type, graphene_type),
              is_type_of=is_type_of,
              interfaces=interfaces,
          )
  
      def create_interface(self, graphene_type):
          resolve_type = (
              partial(
                  self.resolve_type, graphene_type.resolve_type, graphene_type._meta.name
              )
              if graphene_type.resolve_type
              else None
          )
  
          return GrapheneInterfaceType(
              graphene_type=graphene_type,
              name=graphene_type._meta.name,
              description=graphene_type._meta.description,
              fields=partial(self.create_fields_for_type, graphene_type),
              resolve_type=resolve_type,
          )
  
      def create_inputobjecttype(self, graphene_type):
          return GrapheneInputObjectType(
              graphene_type=graphene_type,
              name=graphene_type._meta.name,
              description=graphene_type._meta.description,
              out_type=graphene_type._meta.container,
              fields=partial(
                  self.create_fields_for_type, graphene_type, is_input_type=True
              ),
          )
  
      def construct_union(self, graphene_type):
          create_graphql_type = self.add_type
  
          def types():
              union_types = []
              for graphene_objecttype in graphene_type._meta.types:
                  object_type = create_graphql_type(graphene_objecttype)
                  assert object_type.graphene_type == graphene_objecttype
                  union_types.append(object_type)
              return union_types
  
          resolve_type = (
              partial(
                  self.resolve_type, graphene_type.resolve_type, graphene_type._meta.name
              )
              if graphene_type.resolve_type
              else None
          )
  
          return GrapheneUnionType(
              graphene_type=graphene_type,
              name=graphene_type._meta.name,
              description=graphene_type._meta.description,
              types=types,
              resolve_type=resolve_type,
          )
  
      def get_name(self, name):
          if self.auto_camelcase:
              return to_camel_case(name)
          return name
  
      def create_fields_for_type(self, graphene_type, is_input_type=False):
          create_graphql_type = self.add_type
  
          fields = {}
          for name, field in graphene_type._meta.fields.items():
              if isinstance(field, Dynamic):
                  field = get_field_as(field.get_type(self), _as=Field)
                  if not field:
                      continue
              field_type = create_graphql_type(field.type)
              if is_input_type:
                  _field = GraphQLInputField(
                      field_type,
                      default_value=field.default_value,
                      out_name=name,
                      description=field.description,
                  )
              else:
                  args = {}
                  for arg_name, arg in field.args.items():
                      arg_type = create_graphql_type(arg.type)
                      processed_arg_name = arg.name or self.get_name(arg_name)
                      args[processed_arg_name] = GraphQLArgument(
                          arg_type,
                          out_name=arg_name,
                          description=arg.description,
                          default_value=arg.default_value,
                      )
                  subscribe = field.wrap_subscribe(
                      self.get_function_for_type(
                          graphene_type, f"subscribe_{name}", name, field.default_value
                      )
                  )
  
                  # If we are in a subscription, we use (by default) an
                  # identity-based resolver for the root, rather than the
                  # default resolver for objects/dicts.
                  if subscribe:
                      field_default_resolver = identity_resolve
                  elif issubclass(graphene_type, ObjectType):
                      default_resolver = (
                          graphene_type._meta.default_resolver or get_default_resolver()
                      )
                      field_default_resolver = partial(
                          default_resolver, name, field.default_value
                      )
                  else:
                      field_default_resolver = None
  
                  resolve = field.wrap_resolve(
                      self.get_function_for_type(
                          graphene_type, f"resolve_{name}", name, field.default_value
                      )
                      or field_default_resolver
                  )
  
                  _field = GraphQLField(
                      field_type,
                      args=args,
                      resolve=resolve,
                      subscribe=subscribe,
                      deprecation_reason=field.deprecation_reason,
                      description=field.description,
                  )
              field_name = field.name or self.get_name(name)
              fields[field_name] = _field
          return fields
  
      def get_function_for_type(self, graphene_type, func_name, name, default_value):
          """Gets a resolve or subscribe function for a given ObjectType"""
          if not issubclass(graphene_type, ObjectType):
              return
          resolver = getattr(graphene_type, func_name, None)
          if not resolver:
              # If we don't find the resolver in the ObjectType class, then try to
              # find it in each of the interfaces
              interface_resolver = None
              for interface in graphene_type._meta.interfaces:
                  if name not in interface._meta.fields:
                      continue
                  interface_resolver = getattr(interface, func_name, None)
                  if interface_resolver:
                      break
              resolver = interface_resolver
  
          # Only if is not decorated with classmethod
          if resolver:
              return get_unbound_function(resolver)
  
      def resolve_type(self, resolve_type_func, type_name, root, info, _type):
          type_ = resolve_type_func(root, info)
  
          if not type_:
              return_type = self[type_name]
              return default_type_resolver(root, info, return_type)
  
          if inspect.isclass(type_) and issubclass(type_, ObjectType):
              graphql_type = self.get(type_._meta.name)
              assert graphql_type, f"Can't find type {type_._meta.name} in schema"
              assert (
                  graphql_type.graphene_type == type_
              ), f"The type {type_} does not match with the associated graphene type {graphql_type.graphene_type}."
              return graphql_type
  
          return type_
  
  
  class UnforgivingExecutionContext(ExecutionContext):
      """An execution context which doesn't swallow exceptions.
  
      The only difference between this execution context and the one it inherits from is
      that ``except Exception`` is commented out within ``resolve_field_value_or_error``.
      By removing that exception handling, only ``GraphQLError``'s are caught.
      """
  
      def resolve_field_value_or_error(
          self, field_def, field_nodes, resolve_fn, source, info
      ):
          """Resolve field to a value or an error.
  
          Isolates the "ReturnOrAbrupt" behavior to not de-opt the resolve_field()
          method. Returns the result of resolveFn or the abrupt-return Error object.
  
          For internal use only.
          """
          try:
              # Build a dictionary of arguments from the field.arguments AST, using the
              # variables scope to fulfill any variable references.
              args = get_argument_values(field_def, field_nodes[0], self.variable_values)
  
              # Note that contrary to the JavaScript implementation, we pass the context
              # value as part of the resolve info.
              result = resolve_fn(source, info, **args)
              if self.is_awaitable(result):
                  # noinspection PyShadowingNames
                  async def await_result():
                      try:
                          return await result
                      except GraphQLError as error:
                          return error
                      # except Exception as error:
                      #     return GraphQLError(str(error), original_error=error)
  
                      # Yes, this is commented out code. It's been intentionally
                      # _not_ removed to show what has changed from the original
                      # implementation.
  
                  return await_result()
              return result
          except GraphQLError as error:
              return error
          # except Exception as error:
          #     return GraphQLError(str(error), original_error=error)
  
          # Yes, this is commented out code. It's been intentionally _not_
          # removed to show what has changed from the original implementation.
  
      def complete_value_catching_error(
          self, return_type, field_nodes, info, path, result
      ):
          """Complete a value while catching an error.
  
          This is a small wrapper around completeValue which detects and logs errors in
          the execution context.
          """
          try:
              if self.is_awaitable(result):
  
                  async def await_result():
                      value = self.complete_value(
                          return_type, field_nodes, info, path, await result
                      )
                      if self.is_awaitable(value):
                          return await value
                      return value
  
                  completed = await_result()
              else:
                  completed = self.complete_value(
                      return_type, field_nodes, info, path, result
                  )
              if self.is_awaitable(completed):
                  # noinspection PyShadowingNames
                  async def await_completed():
                      try:
                          return await completed
  
                      # CHANGE WAS MADE HERE
                      # ``GraphQLError`` was swapped in for ``except Exception``
                      except GraphQLError as error:
                          self.handle_field_error(error, field_nodes, path, return_type)
  
                  return await_completed()
              return completed
  
          # CHANGE WAS MADE HERE
          # ``GraphQLError`` was swapped in for ``except Exception``
          except GraphQLError as error:
              self.handle_field_error(error, field_nodes, path, return_type)
              return None
  
  
  class Schema:
      """Schema Definition.
  
      A Graphene Schema can execute operations (query, mutation, subscription) against the defined
      types. For advanced purposes, the schema can be used to lookup type definitions and answer
      questions about the types through introspection.
  
      Args:
          query (Type[ObjectType]): Root query *ObjectType*. Describes entry point for fields to *read*
              data in your Schema.
          mutation (Optional[Type[ObjectType]]): Root mutation *ObjectType*. Describes entry point for
              fields to *create, update or delete* data in your API.
          subscription (Optional[Type[ObjectType]]): Root subscription *ObjectType*. Describes entry point
              for fields to receive continuous updates.
          types (Optional[List[Type[ObjectType]]]): List of any types to include in schema that
              may not be introspected through root types.
          directives (List[GraphQLDirective], optional): List of custom directives to include in the
              GraphQL schema. Defaults to only include directives defined by GraphQL spec (@include
              and @skip) [GraphQLIncludeDirective, GraphQLSkipDirective].
          auto_camelcase (bool): Fieldnames will be transformed in Schema's TypeMap from snake_case
              to camelCase (preferred by GraphQL standard). Default True.
      """
  
      def __init__(
          self,
          query=None,
          mutation=None,
          subscription=None,
          types=None,
          directives=None,
          auto_camelcase=True,
      ):
          self.query = query
          self.mutation = mutation
          self.subscription = subscription
          type_map = TypeMap(
              query, mutation, subscription, types, auto_camelcase=auto_camelcase
          )
          self.graphql_schema = GraphQLSchema(
              type_map.query,
              type_map.mutation,
              type_map.subscription,
              type_map.types,
              directives,
          )
  
      def __str__(self):
          return print_schema(self.graphql_schema)
  
      def __getattr__(self, type_name):
          """
          This function let the developer select a type in a given schema
          by accessing its attrs.
  
          Example: using schema.Query for accessing the "Query" type in the Schema
          """
          _type = self.graphql_schema.get_type(type_name)
          if _type is None:
              raise AttributeError(f'Type "{type_name}" not found in the Schema')
          if isinstance(_type, GrapheneGraphQLType):
              return _type.graphene_type
          return _type
  
      def lazy(self, _type):
          return lambda: self.get_type(_type)
  
      def execute(self, *args, **kwargs):
          """Execute a GraphQL query on the schema.
  
          Use the `graphql_sync` function from `graphql-core` to provide the result
          for a query string. Most of the time this method will be called by one of the Graphene
          :ref:`Integrations` via a web request.
  
          Args:
              request_string (str or Document): GraphQL request (query, mutation or subscription)
                  as string or parsed AST form from `graphql-core`.
              root_value (Any, optional): Value to use as the parent value object when resolving
                  root types.
              context_value (Any, optional): Value to be made available to all resolvers via
                  `info.context`. Can be used to share authorization, dataloaders or other
                  information needed to resolve an operation.
              variable_values (dict, optional): If variables are used in the request string, they can
                  be provided in dictionary form mapping the variable name to the variable value.
              operation_name (str, optional): If multiple operations are provided in the
                  request_string, an operation name must be provided for the result to be provided.
              middleware (List[SupportsGraphQLMiddleware]): Supply request level middleware as
                  defined in `graphql-core`.
              execution_context_class (ExecutionContext, optional): The execution context class
                  to use when resolving queries and mutations.
  
          Returns:
              :obj:`ExecutionResult` containing any data and errors for the operation.
          """
          kwargs = normalize_execute_kwargs(kwargs)
          return graphql_sync(self.graphql_schema, *args, **kwargs)
  
      async def execute_async(self, *args, **kwargs):
          """Execute a GraphQL query on the schema asynchronously.
  
          Same as `execute`, but uses `graphql` instead of `graphql_sync`.
          """
          kwargs = normalize_execute_kwargs(kwargs)
          return await graphql(self.graphql_schema, *args, **kwargs)
  
      async def subscribe(self, query, *args, **kwargs):
          """Execute a GraphQL subscription on the schema asynchronously."""
          # Do parsing
          try:
              document = parse(query)
          except GraphQLError as error:
              return ExecutionResult(data=None, errors=[error])
  
          # Do validation
          validation_errors = validate(self.graphql_schema, document)
          if validation_errors:
              return ExecutionResult(data=None, errors=validation_errors)
  
          # Execute the query
          kwargs = normalize_execute_kwargs(kwargs)
          return await subscribe(self.graphql_schema, document, *args, **kwargs)
  
      def introspect(self):
          introspection = self.execute(introspection_query)
          if introspection.errors:
              raise introspection.errors[0]
          return introspection.data
  
  
  def normalize_execute_kwargs(kwargs):
      """Replace alias names in keyword arguments for graphql()"""
      if "root" in kwargs and "root_value" not in kwargs:
          kwargs["root_value"] = kwargs.pop("root")
      if "context" in kwargs and "context_value" not in kwargs:
          kwargs["context_value"] = kwargs.pop("context")
      if "variables" in kwargs and "variable_values" not in kwargs:
          kwargs["variable_values"] = kwargs.pop("variables")
      if "operation" in kwargs and "operation_name" not in kwargs:
          kwargs["operation_name"] = kwargs.pop("operation")
      return kwargs
  