text: """Unit tests for the bytes and bytearray types.
  
  XXX This is a mess.  Common tests should be moved to buffer_tests.py,
  which itself ought to be unified with string_tests.py (and the latter
  should be modernized).
  """
  
  import os
  import re
  import sys
  import copy
  import operator
  import pickle
  import tempfile
  import unittest
  import warnings
  import test.support
  import test.string_tests
  import test.buffer_tests
  
  class Indexable:
      def __init__(self, value=0):
          self.value = value
      def __index__(self):
          return self.value
  
  
  class BaseBytesTest(unittest.TestCase):
  
      def setUp(self):
          self.warning_filters = warnings.filters[:]
  
      def tearDown(self):
          warnings.filters = self.warning_filters
  
      def test_basics(self):
          b = self.type2test()
          self.assertEqual(type(b), self.type2test)
          self.assertEqual(b.__class__, self.type2test)
  
      def test_empty_sequence(self):
          b = self.type2test()
          self.assertEqual(len(b), 0)
          self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[0])
          self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[1])
          self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[sys.maxsize])
          self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[sys.maxsize+1])
          self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[10**100])
          self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[-1])
          self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[-2])
          self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[-sys.maxsize])
          self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[-sys.maxsize-1])
          self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[-sys.maxsize-2])
          self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[-10**100])
  
      def test_from_list(self):
          ints = list(range(256))
          b = self.type2test(i for i in ints)
          self.assertEqual(len(b), 256)
          self.assertEqual(list(b), ints)
  
      def test_from_index(self):
          b = self.type2test([Indexable(), Indexable(1), Indexable(254),
                              Indexable(255)])
          self.assertEqual(list(b), [0, 1, 254, 255])
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, bytearray, [Indexable(-1)])
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, bytearray, [Indexable(256)])
  
      def test_from_ssize(self):
          self.assertEqual(bytearray(0), b'')
          self.assertEqual(bytearray(1), b'\x00')
          self.assertEqual(bytearray(5), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, bytearray, -1)
  
          self.assertEqual(bytearray('0', 'ascii'), b'0')
          self.assertEqual(bytearray(b'0'), b'0')
  
      def test_constructor_type_errors(self):
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, 0.0)
          class C:
              pass
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, ["0"])
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, [0.0])
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, [None])
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, [C()])
  
      def test_constructor_value_errors(self):
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [-1])
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [-sys.maxsize])
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [-sys.maxsize-1])
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [-sys.maxsize-2])
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [-10**100])
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [256])
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [257])
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [sys.maxsize])
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [sys.maxsize+1])
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [10**100])
  
      def test_compare(self):
          b1 = self.type2test([1, 2, 3])
          b2 = self.type2test([1, 2, 3])
          b3 = self.type2test([1, 3])
  
          self.assertEqual(b1, b2)
          self.failUnless(b2 != b3)
          self.failUnless(b1 <= b2)
          self.failUnless(b1 <= b3)
          self.failUnless(b1 <  b3)
          self.failUnless(b1 >= b2)
          self.failUnless(b3 >= b2)
          self.failUnless(b3 >  b2)
  
          self.failIf(b1 != b2)
          self.failIf(b2 == b3)
          self.failIf(b1 >  b2)
          self.failIf(b1 >  b3)
          self.failIf(b1 >= b3)
          self.failIf(b1 <  b2)
          self.failIf(b3 <  b2)
          self.failIf(b3 <= b2)
  
      def test_compare_to_str(self):
          warnings.simplefilter('ignore', BytesWarning)
          # Byte comparisons with unicode should always fail!
          # Test this for all expected byte orders and Unicode character sizes
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"\0a\0b\0c") == "abc", False)
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"\0\0\0a\0\0\0b\0\0\0c") == "abc", False)
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"a\0b\0c\0") == "abc", False)
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"a\0\0\0b\0\0\0c\0\0\0") == "abc", False)
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test() == str(), False)
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test() != str(), True)
  
      def test_reversed(self):
          input = list(map(ord, "Hello"))
          b = self.type2test(input)
          output = list(reversed(b))
          input.reverse()
          self.assertEqual(output, input)
  
      def test_getslice(self):
          def by(s):
              return self.type2test(map(ord, s))
          b = by("Hello, world")
  
          self.assertEqual(b[:5], by("Hello"))
          self.assertEqual(b[1:5], by("ello"))
          self.assertEqual(b[5:7], by(", "))
          self.assertEqual(b[7:], by("world"))
          self.assertEqual(b[7:12], by("world"))
          self.assertEqual(b[7:100], by("world"))
  
          self.assertEqual(b[:-7], by("Hello"))
          self.assertEqual(b[-11:-7], by("ello"))
          self.assertEqual(b[-7:-5], by(", "))
          self.assertEqual(b[-5:], by("world"))
          self.assertEqual(b[-5:12], by("world"))
          self.assertEqual(b[-5:100], by("world"))
          self.assertEqual(b[-100:5], by("Hello"))
  
      def test_extended_getslice(self):
          # Test extended slicing by comparing with list slicing.
          L = list(range(255))
          b = self.type2test(L)
          indices = (0, None, 1, 3, 19, 100, -1, -2, -31, -100)
          for start in indices:
              for stop in indices:
                  # Skip step 0 (invalid)
                  for step in indices[1:]:
                      self.assertEqual(b[start:stop:step], self.type2test(L[start:stop:step]))
  
      def test_encoding(self):
          sample = "Hello world\n\u1234\u5678\u9abc"
          for enc in ("utf8", "utf16"):
              b = self.type2test(sample, enc)
              self.assertEqual(b, self.type2test(sample.encode(enc)))
          self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, self.type2test, sample, "latin1")
          b = self.type2test(sample, "latin1", "ignore")
          self.assertEqual(b, self.type2test(sample[:-3], "utf-8"))
  
      def test_decode(self):
          sample = "Hello world\n\u1234\u5678\u9abc\def0\def0"
          for enc in ("utf8", "utf16"):
              b = self.type2test(sample, enc)
              self.assertEqual(b.decode(enc), sample)
          sample = "Hello world\n\x80\x81\xfe\xff"
          b = self.type2test(sample, "latin1")
          self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, b.decode, "utf8")
          self.assertEqual(b.decode("utf8", "ignore"), "Hello world\n")
  
      def test_from_int(self):
          b = self.type2test(0)
          self.assertEqual(b, self.type2test())
          b = self.type2test(10)
          self.assertEqual(b, self.type2test([0]*10))
          b = self.type2test(10000)
          self.assertEqual(b, self.type2test([0]*10000))
  
      def test_concat(self):
          b1 = self.type2test(b"abc")
          b2 = self.type2test(b"def")
          self.assertEqual(b1 + b2, b"abcdef")
          self.assertEqual(b1 + bytes(b"def"), b"abcdef")
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"def") + b1, b"defabc")
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: b1 + "def")
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: "abc" + b2)
  
      def test_repeat(self):
          for b in b"abc", self.type2test(b"abc"):
              self.assertEqual(b * 3, b"abcabcabc")
              self.assertEqual(b * 0, b"")
              self.assertEqual(b * -1, b"")
              self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: b * 3.14)
              self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 3.14 * b)
              # XXX Shouldn't bytes and bytearray agree on what to raise?
              self.assertRaises((OverflowError, MemoryError),
                                lambda: b * sys.maxsize)
  
      def test_repeat_1char(self):
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'x')*100, self.type2test([ord('x')]*100))
  
      def test_contains(self):
          b = self.type2test(b"abc")
          self.failUnless(ord('a') in b)
          self.failUnless(int(ord('a')) in b)
          self.failIf(200 in b)
          self.failIf(200 in b)
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: 300 in b)
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: -1 in b)
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: None in b)
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: float(ord('a')) in b)
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: "a" in b)
          for f in bytes, bytearray:
              self.failUnless(f(b"") in b)
              self.failUnless(f(b"a") in b)
              self.failUnless(f(b"b") in b)
              self.failUnless(f(b"c") in b)
              self.failUnless(f(b"ab") in b)
              self.failUnless(f(b"bc") in b)
              self.failUnless(f(b"abc") in b)
              self.failIf(f(b"ac") in b)
              self.failIf(f(b"d") in b)
              self.failIf(f(b"dab") in b)
              self.failIf(f(b"abd") in b)
  
      def test_fromhex(self):
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.fromhex)
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.fromhex, 1)
          self.assertEquals(self.type2test.fromhex(''), self.type2test())
          b = bytearray([0x1a, 0x2b, 0x30])
          self.assertEquals(self.type2test.fromhex('1a2B30'), b)
          self.assertEquals(self.type2test.fromhex('  1A 2B  30   '), b)
          self.assertEquals(self.type2test.fromhex('0000'), b'\0\0')
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.fromhex, b'1B')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.fromhex, 'a')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.fromhex, 'rt')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.fromhex, '1a b cd')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.fromhex, '\x00')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.fromhex, '12   \x00   34')
  
      def test_join(self):
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join([]), b"")
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join([b""]), b"")
          for lst in [[b"abc"], [b"a", b"bc"], [b"ab", b"c"], [b"a", b"b", b"c"]]:
              lst = list(map(self.type2test, lst))
              self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join(lst), b"abc")
              self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join(tuple(lst)), b"abc")
              self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join(iter(lst)), b"abc")
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b".").join([b"ab", b"cd"]), b"ab.cd")
          # XXX more...
  
      def test_index(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'parrot')
          self.assertEqual(b.index('p'), 0)
          self.assertEqual(b.index('rr'), 2)
          self.assertEqual(b.index('t'), 5)
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: b.index('w'))
  
      def test_count(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.count(b'i'), 4)
          self.assertEqual(b.count(b'ss'), 2)
          self.assertEqual(b.count(b'w'), 0)
  
      def test_startswith(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'hello')
          self.assertFalse(self.type2test().startswith(b"anything"))
          self.assertTrue(b.startswith(b"hello"))
          self.assertTrue(b.startswith(b"hel"))
          self.assertTrue(b.startswith(b"h"))
          self.assertFalse(b.startswith(b"hellow"))
          self.assertFalse(b.startswith(b"ha"))
  
      def test_endswith(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'hello')
          self.assertFalse(bytearray().endswith(b"anything"))
          self.assertTrue(b.endswith(b"hello"))
          self.assertTrue(b.endswith(b"llo"))
          self.assertTrue(b.endswith(b"o"))
          self.assertFalse(b.endswith(b"whello"))
          self.assertFalse(b.endswith(b"no"))
  
      def test_find(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.find(b'ss'), 2)
          self.assertEqual(b.find(b'ss', 3), 5)
          self.assertEqual(b.find(b'ss', 1, 7), 2)
          self.assertEqual(b.find(b'ss', 1, 3), -1)
          self.assertEqual(b.find(b'w'), -1)
          self.assertEqual(b.find(b'mississippian'), -1)
  
      def test_rfind(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.rfind(b'ss'), 5)
          self.assertEqual(b.rfind(b'ss', 3), 5)
          self.assertEqual(b.rfind(b'ss', 0, 6), 2)
          self.assertEqual(b.rfind(b'w'), -1)
          self.assertEqual(b.rfind(b'mississippian'), -1)
  
      def test_index(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'world')
          self.assertEqual(b.index(b'w'), 0)
          self.assertEqual(b.index(b'orl'), 1)
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.index, b'worm')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.index, b'ldo')
  
      def test_rindex(self):
          # XXX could be more rigorous
          b = self.type2test(b'world')
          self.assertEqual(b.rindex(b'w'), 0)
          self.assertEqual(b.rindex(b'orl'), 1)
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.rindex, b'worm')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.rindex, b'ldo')
  
      def test_replace(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.replace(b'i', b'a'), b'massassappa')
          self.assertEqual(b.replace(b'ss', b'x'), b'mixixippi')
  
      def test_split(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.split(b'i'), [b'm', b'ss', b'ss', b'pp', b''])
          self.assertEqual(b.split(b'ss'), [b'mi', b'i', b'ippi'])
          self.assertEqual(b.split(b'w'), [b])
  
      def test_split_whitespace(self):
          for b in (b'  arf  barf  ', b'arf\tbarf', b'arf\nbarf', b'arf\rbarf',
                    b'arf\fbarf', b'arf\vbarf'):
              b = self.type2test(b)
              self.assertEqual(b.split(), [b'arf', b'barf'])
              self.assertEqual(b.split(None), [b'arf', b'barf'])
              self.assertEqual(b.split(None, 2), [b'arf', b'barf'])
          for b in (b'a\x1Cb', b'a\x1Db', b'a\x1Eb', b'a\x1Fb'):
              b = self.type2test(b)
              self.assertEqual(b.split(), [b])
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'  a  bb  c  ').split(None, 0), [b'a  bb  c  '])
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'  a  bb  c  ').split(None, 1), [b'a', b'bb  c  '])
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'  a  bb  c  ').split(None, 2), [b'a', b'bb', b'c  '])
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'  a  bb  c  ').split(None, 3), [b'a', b'bb', b'c'])
  
      def test_split_string_error(self):
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'a b').split, ' ')
  
      def test_rsplit(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.rsplit(b'i'), [b'm', b'ss', b'ss', b'pp', b''])
          self.assertEqual(b.rsplit(b'ss'), [b'mi', b'i', b'ippi'])
          self.assertEqual(b.rsplit(b'w'), [b])
  
      def test_rsplit_whitespace(self):
          for b in (b'  arf  barf  ', b'arf\tbarf', b'arf\nbarf', b'arf\rbarf',
                    b'arf\fbarf', b'arf\vbarf'):
              b = self.type2test(b)
              self.assertEqual(b.rsplit(), [b'arf', b'barf'])
              self.assertEqual(b.rsplit(None), [b'arf', b'barf'])
              self.assertEqual(b.rsplit(None, 2), [b'arf', b'barf'])
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'  a  bb  c  ').rsplit(None, 0), [b'  a  bb  c'])
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'  a  bb  c  ').rsplit(None, 1), [b'  a  bb', b'c'])
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'  a  bb  c  ').rsplit(None, 2), [b'  a', b'bb', b'c'])
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'  a  bb  c  ').rsplit(None, 3), [b'a', b'bb', b'c'])
  
      def test_rsplit_string_error(self):
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'a b').rsplit, ' ')
  
      def test_rsplit_unicodewhitespace(self):
          b = self.type2test(b"\x09\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D\x1C\x1D\x1E\x1F")
          self.assertEqual(b.split(), [b'\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f'])
          self.assertEqual(b.rsplit(), [b'\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f'])
  
      def test_partition(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.partition(b'ss'), (b'mi', b'ss', b'issippi'))
          self.assertEqual(b.rpartition(b'w'), (b'', b'', b'mississippi'))
  
      def test_rpartition(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.rpartition(b'ss'), (b'missi', b'ss', b'ippi'))
          self.assertEqual(b.rpartition(b'i'), (b'mississipp', b'i', b''))
  
      def test_pickling(self):
          for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
              for b in b"", b"a", b"abc", b"\xffab\x80", b"\0\0\377\0\0":
                  b = self.type2test(b)
                  ps = pickle.dumps(b, proto)
                  q = pickle.loads(ps)
                  self.assertEqual(b, q)
  
      def test_strip(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.strip(b'i'), b'mississipp')
          self.assertEqual(b.strip(b'm'), b'ississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.strip(b'pi'), b'mississ')
          self.assertEqual(b.strip(b'im'), b'ssissipp')
          self.assertEqual(b.strip(b'pim'), b'ssiss')
          self.assertEqual(b.strip(b), b'')
  
      def test_lstrip(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.lstrip(b'i'), b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.lstrip(b'm'), b'ississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.lstrip(b'pi'), b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.lstrip(b'im'), b'ssissippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.lstrip(b'pim'), b'ssissippi')
  
      def test_rstrip(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.rstrip(b'i'), b'mississipp')
          self.assertEqual(b.rstrip(b'm'), b'mississippi')
          self.assertEqual(b.rstrip(b'pi'), b'mississ')
          self.assertEqual(b.rstrip(b'im'), b'mississipp')
          self.assertEqual(b.rstrip(b'pim'), b'mississ')
  
      def test_strip_whitespace(self):
          b = self.type2test(b' \t\n\r\f\vabc \t\n\r\f\v')
          self.assertEqual(b.strip(), b'abc')
          self.assertEqual(b.lstrip(), b'abc \t\n\r\f\v')
          self.assertEqual(b.rstrip(), b' \t\n\r\f\vabc')
  
      def test_strip_bytearray(self):
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'abc').strip(memoryview(b'ac')), b'b')
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'abc').lstrip(memoryview(b'ac')), b'bc')
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'abc').rstrip(memoryview(b'ac')), b'ab')
  
      def test_strip_string_error(self):
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'abc').strip, 'b')
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'abc').lstrip, 'b')
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'abc').rstrip, 'b')
  
      def test_ord(self):
          b = self.type2test(b'\0A\x7f\x80\xff')
          self.assertEqual([ord(b[i:i+1]) for i in range(len(b))],
                           [0, 65, 127, 128, 255])
  
      def test_maketrans(self):
          transtable = b'\000\001\002\003\004\005\006\007\010\011\012\013\014\015\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032\033\034\035\036\037 !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`xyzdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\177\200\201\202\203\204\205\206\207\210\211\212\213\214\215\216\217\220\221\222\223\224\225\226\227\230\231\232\233\234\235\236\237\240\241\242\243\244\245\246\247\250\251\252\253\254\255\256\257\260\261\262\263\264\265\266\267\270\271\272\273\274\275\276\277\300\301\302\303\304\305\306\307\310\311\312\313\314\315\316\317\320\321\322\323\324\325\326\327\330\331\332\333\334\335\336\337\340\341\342\343\344\345\346\347\350\351\352\353\354\355\356\357\360\361\362\363\364\365\366\367\370\371\372\373\374\375\376\377'
  
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test.maketrans(b'abc', b'xyz'), transtable)
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.maketrans, b'abc', b'xyzq')
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.maketrans, 'abc', 'def')
  
  
  class BytesTest(BaseBytesTest):
      type2test = bytes
  
      def test_buffer_is_readonly(self):
          fd = os.dup(sys.stdin.fileno())
          with open(fd, "rb", buffering=0) as f:
              self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.readinto, b"")
  
      def test_custom(self):
          class A:
              def __bytes__(self):
                  return b'abc'
          self.assertEqual(bytes(A()), b'abc')
          class A: pass
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, bytes, A())
          class A:
              def __bytes__(self):
                  return None
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, bytes, A())
  
  
  class ByteArrayTest(BaseBytesTest):
      type2test = bytearray
  
      def test_nohash(self):
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, bytearray())
  
      def test_bytearray_api(self):
          short_sample = b"Hello world\n"
          sample = short_sample + b"\0"*(20 - len(short_sample))
          tfn = tempfile.mktemp()
          try:
              # Prepare
              with open(tfn, "wb") as f:
                  f.write(short_sample)
              # Test readinto
              with open(tfn, "rb") as f:
                  b = bytearray(20)
                  n = f.readinto(b)
              self.assertEqual(n, len(short_sample))
              self.assertEqual(list(b), list(sample))
              # Test writing in binary mode
              with open(tfn, "wb") as f:
                  f.write(b)
              with open(tfn, "rb") as f:
                  self.assertEqual(f.read(), sample)
              # Text mode is ambiguous; don't test
          finally:
              try:
                  os.remove(tfn)
              except os.error:
                  pass
  
      def test_reverse(self):
          b = bytearray(b'hello')
          self.assertEqual(b.reverse(), None)
          self.assertEqual(b, b'olleh')
          b = bytearray(b'hello1') # test even number of items
          b.reverse()
          self.assertEqual(b, b'1olleh')
          b = bytearray()
          b.reverse()
          self.assertFalse(b)
  
      def test_regexps(self):
          def by(s):
              return bytearray(map(ord, s))
          b = by("Hello, world")
          self.assertEqual(re.findall(br"\w+", b), [by("Hello"), by("world")])
  
      def test_setitem(self):
          b = bytearray([1, 2, 3])
          b[1] = 100
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([1, 100, 3]))
          b[-1] = 200
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([1, 100, 200]))
          b[0] = Indexable(10)
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([10, 100, 200]))
          try:
              b[3] = 0
              self.fail("Didn't raise IndexError")
          except IndexError:
              pass
          try:
              b[-10] = 0
              self.fail("Didn't raise IndexError")
          except IndexError:
              pass
          try:
              b[0] = 256
              self.fail("Didn't raise ValueError")
          except ValueError:
              pass
          try:
              b[0] = Indexable(-1)
              self.fail("Didn't raise ValueError")
          except ValueError:
              pass
          try:
              b[0] = None
              self.fail("Didn't raise TypeError")
          except TypeError:
              pass
  
      def test_delitem(self):
          b = bytearray(range(10))
          del b[0]
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(range(1, 10)))
          del b[-1]
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(range(1, 9)))
          del b[4]
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8]))
  
      def test_setslice(self):
          b = bytearray(range(10))
          self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(10)))
  
          b[0:5] = bytearray([1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]))
  
          del b[0:-5]
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([5, 6, 7, 8, 9]))
  
          b[0:0] = bytearray([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(range(10)))
  
          b[-7:-3] = bytearray([100, 101])
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([0, 1, 2, 100, 101, 7, 8, 9]))
  
          b[3:5] = [3, 4, 5, 6]
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(range(10)))
  
          b[3:0] = [42, 42, 42]
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([0, 1, 2, 42, 42, 42, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]))
  
      def test_extended_set_del_slice(self):
          indices = (0, None, 1, 3, 19, 300, -1, -2, -31, -300)
          for start in indices:
              for stop in indices:
                  # Skip invalid step 0
                  for step in indices[1:]:
                      L = list(range(255))
                      b = bytearray(L)
                      # Make sure we have a slice of exactly the right length,
                      # but with different data.
                      data = L[start:stop:step]
                      data.reverse()
                      L[start:stop:step] = data
                      b[start:stop:step] = data
                      self.assertEquals(b, bytearray(L))
  
                      del L[start:stop:step]
                      del b[start:stop:step]
                      self.assertEquals(b, bytearray(L))
  
      def test_setslice_trap(self):
          # This test verifies that we correctly handle assigning self
          # to a slice of self (the old Lambert Meertens trap).
          b = bytearray(range(256))
          b[8:] = b
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(list(range(8)) + list(range(256))))
  
      def test_iconcat(self):
          b = bytearray(b"abc")
          b1 = b
          b += b"def"
          self.assertEqual(b, b"abcdef")
          self.assertEqual(b, b1)
          self.failUnless(b is b1)
          b += b"xyz"
          self.assertEqual(b, b"abcdefxyz")
          try:
              b += ""
          except TypeError:
              pass
          else:
              self.fail("bytes += unicode didn't raise TypeError")
  
      def test_irepeat(self):
          b = bytearray(b"abc")
          b1 = b
          b *= 3
          self.assertEqual(b, b"abcabcabc")
          self.assertEqual(b, b1)
          self.failUnless(b is b1)
  
      def test_irepeat_1char(self):
          b = bytearray(b"x")
          b1 = b
          b *= 100
          self.assertEqual(b, b"x"*100)
          self.assertEqual(b, b1)
          self.failUnless(b is b1)
  
      def test_alloc(self):
          b = bytearray()
          alloc = b.__alloc__()
          self.assert_(alloc >= 0)
          seq = [alloc]
          for i in range(100):
              b += b"x"
              alloc = b.__alloc__()
              self.assert_(alloc >= len(b))
              if alloc not in seq:
                  seq.append(alloc)
  
      def test_extend(self):
          orig = b'hello'
          a = bytearray(orig)
          a.extend(a)
          self.assertEqual(a, orig + orig)
          self.assertEqual(a[5:], orig)
          a = bytearray(b'')
          # Test iterators that don't have a __length_hint__
          a.extend(map(int, orig * 25))
          a.extend(int(x) for x in orig * 25)
          self.assertEqual(a, orig * 50)
          self.assertEqual(a[-5:], orig)
          a = bytearray(b'')
          a.extend(iter(map(int, orig * 50)))
          self.assertEqual(a, orig * 50)
          self.assertEqual(a[-5:], orig)
          a = bytearray(b'')
          a.extend(list(map(int, orig * 50)))
          self.assertEqual(a, orig * 50)
          self.assertEqual(a[-5:], orig)
          a = bytearray(b'')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, a.extend, [0, 1, 2, 256])
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, a.extend, [0, 1, 2, -1])
          self.assertEqual(len(a), 0)
          a = bytearray(b'')
          a.extend([Indexable(ord('a'))])
          self.assertEqual(a, b'a')
  
      def test_remove(self):
          b = bytearray(b'hello')
          b.remove(ord('l'))
          self.assertEqual(b, b'helo')
          b.remove(ord('l'))
          self.assertEqual(b, b'heo')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: b.remove(ord('l')))
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: b.remove(400))
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: b.remove('e'))
          # remove first and last
          b.remove(ord('o'))
          b.remove(ord('h'))
          self.assertEqual(b, b'e')
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: b.remove(b'e'))
          b.remove(Indexable(ord('e')))
          self.assertEqual(b, b'')
  
      def test_pop(self):
          b = bytearray(b'world')
          self.assertEqual(b.pop(), ord('d'))
          self.assertEqual(b.pop(0), ord('w'))
          self.assertEqual(b.pop(-2), ord('r'))
          self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b.pop(10))
          self.assertRaises(OverflowError, lambda: bytearray().pop())
  
      def test_nosort(self):
          self.assertRaises(AttributeError, lambda: bytearray().sort())
  
      def test_append(self):
          b = bytearray(b'hell')
          b.append(ord('o'))
          self.assertEqual(b, b'hello')
          self.assertEqual(b.append(100), None)
          b = bytearray()
          b.append(ord('A'))
          self.assertEqual(len(b), 1)
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: b.append(b'o'))
          b = bytearray()
          b.append(Indexable(ord('A')))
          self.assertEqual(b, b'A')
  
      def test_insert(self):
          b = bytearray(b'msssspp')
          b.insert(1, ord('i'))
          b.insert(4, ord('i'))
          b.insert(-2, ord('i'))
          b.insert(1000, ord('i'))
          self.assertEqual(b, b'mississippi')
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: b.insert(0, b'1'))
          b = bytearray()
          b.insert(0, Indexable(ord('A')))
          self.assertEqual(b, b'A')
  
      def test_copied(self):
          # Issue 4348.  Make sure that operations that don't mutate the array
          # copy the bytes.
          b = bytearray(b'abc')
          self.assertFalse(b is b.replace(b'abc', b'cde', 0))
  
          t = bytearray([i for i in range(256)])
          x = bytearray(b'')
          self.assertFalse(x is x.translate(t))
  
      def test_partition_bytearray_doesnt_share_nullstring(self):
          a, b, c = bytearray(b"x").partition(b"y")
          self.assertEqual(b, b"")
          self.assertEqual(c, b"")
          self.assert_(b is not c)
          b += b"!"
          self.assertEqual(c, b"")
          a, b, c = bytearray(b"x").partition(b"y")
          self.assertEqual(b, b"")
          self.assertEqual(c, b"")
          # Same for rpartition
          b, c, a = bytearray(b"x").rpartition(b"y")
          self.assertEqual(b, b"")
          self.assertEqual(c, b"")
          self.assert_(b is not c)
          b += b"!"
          self.assertEqual(c, b"")
          c, b, a = bytearray(b"x").rpartition(b"y")
          self.assertEqual(b, b"")
          self.assertEqual(c, b"")
  
      def test_resize_forbidden(self):
          # #4509: can't resize a bytearray when there are buffer exports, even
          # if it wouldn't reallocate the underlying buffer.
          # Furthermore, no destructive changes to the buffer may be applied
          # before raising the error.
          b = bytearray(range(10))
          v = memoryview(b)
          def resize(n):
              b[1:-1] = range(n + 1, 2*n - 1)
          resize(10)
          orig = b[:]
          self.assertRaises(BufferError, resize, 11)
          self.assertEquals(b, orig)
          self.assertRaises(BufferError, resize, 9)
          self.assertEquals(b, orig)
          self.assertRaises(BufferError, resize, 0)
          self.assertEquals(b, orig)
          # Other operations implying resize
          self.assertRaises(BufferError, b.pop, 0)
          self.assertEquals(b, orig)
          self.assertRaises(BufferError, b.remove, b[1])
          self.assertEquals(b, orig)
          def delitem():
              del b[1]
          self.assertRaises(BufferError, delitem)
          self.assertEquals(b, orig)
          # deleting a non-contiguous slice
          def delslice():
              b[1:-1:2] = b""
          self.assertRaises(BufferError, delslice)
          self.assertEquals(b, orig)
  
  class AssortedBytesTest(unittest.TestCase):
      #
      # Test various combinations of bytes and bytearray
      #
  
      def setUp(self):
          self.warning_filters = warnings.filters[:]
  
      def tearDown(self):
          warnings.filters = self.warning_filters
  
      def test_repr_str(self):
          warnings.simplefilter('ignore', BytesWarning)
          for f in str, repr:
              self.assertEqual(f(bytearray()), "bytearray(b'')")
              self.assertEqual(f(bytearray([0])), "bytearray(b'\\x00')")
              self.assertEqual(f(bytearray([0, 1, 254, 255])),
                               "bytearray(b'\\x00\\x01\\xfe\\xff')")
              self.assertEqual(f(b"abc"), "b'abc'")
              self.assertEqual(f(b"'"), '''b"'"''') # '''
              self.assertEqual(f(b"'\""), r"""b'\'"'""") # '
  
      def test_compare_bytes_to_bytearray(self):
          self.assertEqual(b"abc" == bytes(b"abc"), True)
          self.assertEqual(b"ab" != bytes(b"abc"), True)
          self.assertEqual(b"ab" <= bytes(b"abc"), True)
          self.assertEqual(b"ab" < bytes(b"abc"), True)
          self.assertEqual(b"abc" >= bytes(b"ab"), True)
          self.assertEqual(b"abc" > bytes(b"ab"), True)
  
          self.assertEqual(b"abc" != bytes(b"abc"), False)
          self.assertEqual(b"ab" == bytes(b"abc"), False)
          self.assertEqual(b"ab" > bytes(b"abc"), False)
          self.assertEqual(b"ab" >= bytes(b"abc"), False)
          self.assertEqual(b"abc" < bytes(b"ab"), False)
          self.assertEqual(b"abc" <= bytes(b"ab"), False)
  
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"abc") == b"abc", True)
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"ab") != b"abc", True)
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"ab") <= b"abc", True)
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"ab") < b"abc", True)
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"abc") >= b"ab", True)
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"abc") > b"ab", True)
  
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"abc") != b"abc", False)
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"ab") == b"abc", False)
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"ab") > b"abc", False)
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"ab") >= b"abc", False)
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"abc") < b"ab", False)
          self.assertEqual(bytes(b"abc") <= b"ab", False)
  
      def test_doc(self):
          self.failUnless(bytearray.__doc__ != None)
          self.failUnless(bytearray.__doc__.startswith("bytearray("), bytearray.__doc__)
          self.failUnless(bytes.__doc__ != None)
          self.failUnless(bytes.__doc__.startswith("bytes("), bytes.__doc__)
  
      def test_from_bytearray(self):
          sample = bytes(b"Hello world\n\x80\x81\xfe\xff")
          buf = memoryview(sample)
          b = bytearray(buf)
          self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(sample))
  
      def test_to_str(self):
          warnings.simplefilter('ignore', BytesWarning)
          self.assertEqual(str(b''), "b''")
          self.assertEqual(str(b'x'), "b'x'")
          self.assertEqual(str(b'\x80'), "b'\\x80'")
          self.assertEqual(str(bytearray(b'')), "bytearray(b'')")
          self.assertEqual(str(bytearray(b'x')), "bytearray(b'x')")
          self.assertEqual(str(bytearray(b'\x80')), "bytearray(b'\\x80')")
  
      def test_literal(self):
          tests =  [
              (b"Wonderful spam", "Wonderful spam"),
              (br"Wonderful spam too", "Wonderful spam too"),
              (b"\xaa\x00\000\200", "\xaa\x00\000\200"),
              (br"\xaa\x00\000\200", r"\xaa\x00\000\200"),
          ]
          for b, s in tests:
              self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(s, 'latin-1'))
          for c in range(128, 256):
              self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval,
                                'b"%s"' % chr(c))
  
      def test_translate(self):
          b = b'hello'
          ba = bytearray(b)
          rosetta = bytearray(range(0, 256))
          rosetta[ord('o')] = ord('e')
          c = b.translate(rosetta, b'l')
          self.assertEqual(b, b'hello')
          self.assertEqual(c, b'hee')
          c = ba.translate(rosetta, b'l')
          self.assertEqual(ba, b'hello')
          self.assertEqual(c, b'hee')
          c = b.translate(None, b'e')
          self.assertEqual(c, b'hllo')
          c = ba.translate(None, b'e')
          self.assertEqual(c, b'hllo')
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, b.translate, None, None)
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, ba.translate, None, None)
  
      def test_split_bytearray(self):
          self.assertEqual(b'a b'.split(memoryview(b' ')), [b'a', b'b'])
  
      def test_rsplit_bytearray(self):
          self.assertEqual(b'a b'.rsplit(memoryview(b' ')), [b'a', b'b'])
  
      def test_return_self(self):
          # bytearray.replace must always return a new bytearray
          b = bytearray()
          self.failIf(b.replace(b'', b'') is b)
  
      def test_compare(self):
          if sys.flags.bytes_warning:
              warnings.simplefilter('error', BytesWarning)
              self.assertRaises(BytesWarning, operator.eq, b'', '')
              self.assertRaises(BytesWarning, operator.ne, b'', '')
              self.assertRaises(BytesWarning, operator.eq, bytearray(b''), '')
              self.assertRaises(BytesWarning, operator.ne, bytearray(b''), '')
          else:
              # raise test.support.TestSkipped("BytesWarning is needed for this test: use -bb option")
              pass
  
      # Optimizations:
      # __iter__? (optimization)
      # __reversed__? (optimization)
  
      # XXX More string methods?  (Those that don't use character properties)
  
      # There are tests in string_tests.py that are more
      # comprehensive for things like split, partition, etc.
      # Unfortunately they are all bundled with tests that
      # are not appropriate for bytes
  
      # I've started porting some of those into bytearray_tests.py, we should port
      # the rest that make sense (the code can be cleaned up to use modern
      # unittest methods at the same time).
  
  class BytearrayPEP3137Test(unittest.TestCase,
                         test.buffer_tests.MixinBytesBufferCommonTests):
      def marshal(self, x):
          return bytearray(x)
  
      def test_returns_new_copy(self):
          val = self.marshal(b'1234')
          # On immutable types these MAY return a reference to themselves
          # but on mutable types like bytearray they MUST return a new copy.
          for methname in ('zfill', 'rjust', 'ljust', 'center'):
              method = getattr(val, methname)
              newval = method(3)
              self.assertEqual(val, newval)
              self.assertTrue(val is not newval,
                              methname+' returned self on a mutable object')
  
  
  class FixedStringTest(test.string_tests.BaseTest):
  
      def fixtype(self, obj):
          if isinstance(obj, str):
              return obj.encode("utf-8")
          return super().fixtype(obj)
  
      # Currently the bytes containment testing uses a single integer
      # value. This may not be the final design, but until then the
      # bytes section with in a bytes containment not valid
      def test_contains(self):
          pass
      def test_expandtabs(self):
          pass
      def test_upper(self):
          pass
      def test_lower(self):
          pass
  
  class ByteArrayAsStringTest(FixedStringTest):
      type2test = bytearray
  
  class BytesAsStringTest(FixedStringTest):
      type2test = bytes
  
  
  class ByteArraySubclass(bytearray):
      pass
  
  class ByteArraySubclassTest(unittest.TestCase):
  
      def test_basic(self):
          self.assert_(issubclass(ByteArraySubclass, bytearray))
          self.assert_(isinstance(ByteArraySubclass(), bytearray))
  
          a, b = b"abcd", b"efgh"
          _a, _b = ByteArraySubclass(a), ByteArraySubclass(b)
  
          # test comparison operators with subclass instances
          self.assert_(_a == _a)
          self.assert_(_a != _b)
          self.assert_(_a < _b)
          self.assert_(_a <= _b)
          self.assert_(_b >= _a)
          self.assert_(_b > _a)
          self.assert_(_a is not a)
  
          # test concat of subclass instances
          self.assertEqual(a + b, _a + _b)
          self.assertEqual(a + b, a + _b)
          self.assertEqual(a + b, _a + b)
  
          # test repeat
          self.assert_(a*5 == _a*5)
  
      def test_join(self):
          # Make sure join returns a NEW object for single item sequences
          # involving a subclass.
          # Make sure that it is of the appropriate type.
          s1 = ByteArraySubclass(b"abcd")
          s2 = bytearray().join([s1])
          self.assert_(s1 is not s2)
          self.assert_(type(s2) is bytearray, type(s2))
  
          # Test reverse, calling join on subclass
          s3 = s1.join([b"abcd"])
          self.assert_(type(s3) is bytearray)
  
      def test_pickle(self):
          a = ByteArraySubclass(b"abcd")
          a.x = 10
          a.y = ByteArraySubclass(b"efgh")
          for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
              b = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(a, proto))
              self.assertNotEqual(id(a), id(b))
              self.assertEqual(a, b)
              self.assertEqual(a.x, b.x)
              self.assertEqual(a.y, b.y)
              self.assertEqual(type(a), type(b))
              self.assertEqual(type(a.y), type(b.y))
  
      def test_copy(self):
          a = ByteArraySubclass(b"abcd")
          a.x = 10
          a.y = ByteArraySubclass(b"efgh")
          for copy_method in (copy.copy, copy.deepcopy):
              b = copy_method(a)
              self.assertNotEqual(id(a), id(b))
              self.assertEqual(a, b)
              self.assertEqual(a.x, b.x)
              self.assertEqual(a.y, b.y)
              self.assertEqual(type(a), type(b))
              self.assertEqual(type(a.y), type(b.y))
  
      def test_init_override(self):
          class subclass(bytearray):
              def __init__(self, newarg=1, *args, **kwargs):
                  bytearray.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
          x = subclass(4, source=b"abcd")
          self.assertEqual(x, b"abcd")
          x = subclass(newarg=4, source=b"abcd")
          self.assertEqual(x, b"abcd")
  
  
  def test_main():
      test.support.run_unittest(BytesTest)
      test.support.run_unittest(ByteArrayTest)
      test.support.run_unittest(AssortedBytesTest)
      test.support.run_unittest(BytesAsStringTest)
      test.support.run_unittest(ByteArrayAsStringTest)
      test.support.run_unittest(ByteArraySubclassTest)
      test.support.run_unittest(BytearrayPEP3137Test)
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
      test_main()
  