text: /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   *
   * bootstrap.c
   *	  routines to support running postgres in 'bootstrap' mode
   *	bootstrap mode is used to create the initial template database
   *
   * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2012, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
   * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
   *
   * IDENTIFICATION
   *	  src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c
   *
   *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   */
  #include "postgres.h"
  
  #include <time.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <signal.h>
  #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
  #include <getopt.h>
  #endif
  
  #include "bootstrap/bootstrap.h"
  #include "catalog/index.h"
  #include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
  #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
  #include "libpq/pqsignal.h"
  #include "miscadmin.h"
  #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
  #include "postmaster/bgwriter.h"
  #include "postmaster/startup.h"
  #include "postmaster/walwriter.h"
  #include "replication/walreceiver.h"
  #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
  #include "storage/ipc.h"
  #include "storage/proc.h"
  #include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
  #include "utils/builtins.h"
  #include "utils/fmgroids.h"
  #include "utils/memutils.h"
  #include "utils/ps_status.h"
  #include "utils/rel.h"
  #include "utils/relmapper.h"
  #include "utils/tqual.h"
  
  extern int	optind;
  extern char *optarg;
  
  
  #define ALLOC(t, c)		((t *) calloc((unsigned)(c), sizeof(t)))
  
  static void CheckerModeMain(void);
  static void BootstrapModeMain(void);
  static void bootstrap_signals(void);
  static void ShutdownAuxiliaryProcess(int code, Datum arg);
  static Form_pg_attribute AllocateAttribute(void);
  static Oid	gettype(char *type);
  static void cleanup(void);
  
  /* ----------------
   *		global variables
   * ----------------
   */
  
  AuxProcType	MyAuxProcType = NotAnAuxProcess;	/* declared in miscadmin.h */
  
  Relation	boot_reldesc;		/* current relation descriptor */
  
  Form_pg_attribute attrtypes[MAXATTR];	/* points to attribute info */
  int			numattr;			/* number of attributes for cur. rel */
  
  
  /*
   * Basic information associated with each type.  This is used before
   * pg_type is filled, so it has to cover the datatypes used as column types
   * in the core "bootstrapped" catalogs.
   *
   *		XXX several of these input/output functions do catalog scans
   *			(e.g., F_REGPROCIN scans pg_proc).	this obviously creates some
   *			order dependencies in the catalog creation process.
   */
  struct typinfo
  {
  	char		name[NAMEDATALEN];
  	Oid			oid;
  	Oid			elem;
  	int16		len;
  	bool		byval;
  	char		align;
  	char		storage;
  	Oid			collation;
  	Oid			inproc;
  	Oid			outproc;
  };
  
  static const struct typinfo TypInfo[] = {
  	{"bool", BOOLOID, 0, 1, true, 'c', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_BOOLIN, F_BOOLOUT},
  	{"bytea", BYTEAOID, 0, -1, false, 'i', 'x', InvalidOid,
  	F_BYTEAIN, F_BYTEAOUT},
  	{"char", CHAROID, 0, 1, true, 'c', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_CHARIN, F_CHAROUT},
  	{"int2", INT2OID, 0, 2, true, 's', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_INT2IN, F_INT2OUT},
  	{"int4", INT4OID, 0, 4, true, 'i', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_INT4IN, F_INT4OUT},
  	{"float4", FLOAT4OID, 0, 4, FLOAT4PASSBYVAL, 'i', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_FLOAT4IN, F_FLOAT4OUT},
  	{"name", NAMEOID, CHAROID, NAMEDATALEN, false, 'c', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_NAMEIN, F_NAMEOUT},
  	{"regclass", REGCLASSOID, 0, 4, true, 'i', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_REGCLASSIN, F_REGCLASSOUT},
  	{"regproc", REGPROCOID, 0, 4, true, 'i', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_REGPROCIN, F_REGPROCOUT},
  	{"regtype", REGTYPEOID, 0, 4, true, 'i', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_REGTYPEIN, F_REGTYPEOUT},
  	{"text", TEXTOID, 0, -1, false, 'i', 'x', DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID,
  	F_TEXTIN, F_TEXTOUT},
  	{"oid", OIDOID, 0, 4, true, 'i', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_OIDIN, F_OIDOUT},
  	{"tid", TIDOID, 0, 6, false, 's', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_TIDIN, F_TIDOUT},
  	{"xid", XIDOID, 0, 4, true, 'i', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_XIDIN, F_XIDOUT},
  	{"cid", CIDOID, 0, 4, true, 'i', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_CIDIN, F_CIDOUT},
  	{"pg_node_tree", PGNODETREEOID, 0, -1, false, 'i', 'x', DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID,
  	F_PG_NODE_TREE_IN, F_PG_NODE_TREE_OUT},
  	{"int2vector", INT2VECTOROID, INT2OID, -1, false, 'i', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_INT2VECTORIN, F_INT2VECTOROUT},
  	{"oidvector", OIDVECTOROID, OIDOID, -1, false, 'i', 'p', InvalidOid,
  	F_OIDVECTORIN, F_OIDVECTOROUT},
  	{"_int4", INT4ARRAYOID, INT4OID, -1, false, 'i', 'x', InvalidOid,
  	F_ARRAY_IN, F_ARRAY_OUT},
  	{"_text", 1009, TEXTOID, -1, false, 'i', 'x', DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID,
  	F_ARRAY_IN, F_ARRAY_OUT},
  	{"_oid", 1028, OIDOID, -1, false, 'i', 'x', InvalidOid,
  	F_ARRAY_IN, F_ARRAY_OUT},
  	{"_char", 1002, CHAROID, -1, false, 'i', 'x', InvalidOid,
  	F_ARRAY_IN, F_ARRAY_OUT},
  	{"_aclitem", 1034, ACLITEMOID, -1, false, 'i', 'x', InvalidOid,
  	F_ARRAY_IN, F_ARRAY_OUT}
  };
  
  static const int n_types = sizeof(TypInfo) / sizeof(struct typinfo);
  
  struct typmap
  {								/* a hack */
  	Oid			am_oid;
  	FormData_pg_type am_typ;
  };
  
  static struct typmap **Typ = NULL;
  static struct typmap *Ap = NULL;
  
  static Datum values[MAXATTR];	/* current row's attribute values */
  static bool Nulls[MAXATTR];
  
  static MemoryContext nogc = NULL;		/* special no-gc mem context */
  
  /*
   *	At bootstrap time, we first declare all the indices to be built, and
   *	then build them.  The IndexList structure stores enough information
   *	to allow us to build the indices after they've been declared.
   */
  
  typedef struct _IndexList
  {
  	Oid			il_heap;
  	Oid			il_ind;
  	IndexInfo  *il_info;
  	struct _IndexList *il_next;
  } IndexList;
  
  static IndexList *ILHead = NULL;
  
  
  /*
   *	 AuxiliaryProcessMain
   *
   *	 The main entry point for auxiliary processes, such as the bgwriter,
   *	 walwriter, walreceiver, bootstrapper and the shared memory checker code.
   *
   *	 This code is here just because of historical reasons.
   */
  void
  AuxiliaryProcessMain(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
  	char	   *progname = argv[0];
  	int			flag;
  	char	   *userDoption = NULL;
  
  	/*
  	 * initialize globals
  	 */
  	MyProcPid = getpid();
  
  	MyStartTime = time(NULL);
  
  	/*
  	 * Fire up essential subsystems: error and memory management
  	 *
  	 * If we are running under the postmaster, this is done already.
  	 */
  	if (!IsUnderPostmaster)
  		MemoryContextInit();
  
  	/* Compute paths, if we didn't inherit them from postmaster */
  	if (my_exec_path[0] == '\0')
  	{
  		if (find_my_exec(progname, my_exec_path) < 0)
  			elog(FATAL, "%s: could not locate my own executable path",
  				 progname);
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * process command arguments
  	 */
  
  	/* Set defaults, to be overriden by explicit options below */
  	if (!IsUnderPostmaster)
  		InitializeGUCOptions();
  
  	/* Ignore the initial --boot argument, if present */
  	if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--boot") == 0)
  	{
  		argv++;
  		argc--;
  	}
  
  	/* If no -x argument, we are a CheckerProcess */
  	MyAuxProcType = CheckerProcess;
  
  	while ((flag = getopt(argc, argv, "B:c:d:D:Fr:x:-:")) != -1)
  	{
  		switch (flag)
  		{
  			case 'B':
  				SetConfigOption("shared_buffers", optarg, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ARGV);
  				break;
  			case 'D':
  				userDoption = optarg;
  				break;
  			case 'd':
  				{
  					/* Turn on debugging for the bootstrap process. */
  					char	   *debugstr = palloc(strlen("debug") + strlen(optarg) + 1);
  
  					sprintf(debugstr, "debug%s", optarg);
  					SetConfigOption("log_min_messages", debugstr,
  									PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ARGV);
  					SetConfigOption("client_min_messages", debugstr,
  									PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ARGV);
  					pfree(debugstr);
  				}
  				break;
  			case 'F':
  				SetConfigOption("fsync", "false", PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ARGV);
  				break;
  			case 'r':
  				strlcpy(OutputFileName, optarg, MAXPGPATH);
  				break;
  			case 'x':
  				MyAuxProcType = atoi(optarg);
  				break;
  			case 'c':
  			case '-':
  				{
  					char	   *name,
  							   *value;
  
  					ParseLongOption(optarg, &name, &value);
  					if (!value)
  					{
  						if (flag == '-')
  							ereport(ERROR,
  									(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
  									 errmsg("--%s requires a value",
  											optarg)));
  						else
  							ereport(ERROR,
  									(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
  									 errmsg("-c %s requires a value",
  											optarg)));
  					}
  
  					SetConfigOption(name, value, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ARGV);
  					free(name);
  					if (value)
  						free(value);
  					break;
  				}
  			default:
  				write_stderr("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n",
  							 progname);
  				proc_exit(1);
  				break;
  		}
  	}
  
  	if (argc != optind)
  	{
  		write_stderr("%s: invalid command-line arguments\n", progname);
  		proc_exit(1);
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Identify myself via ps
  	 */
  	if (IsUnderPostmaster)
  	{
  		const char *statmsg;
  
  		switch (MyAuxProcType)
  		{
  			case StartupProcess:
  				statmsg = "startup process";
  				break;
  			case BgWriterProcess:
  				statmsg = "writer process";
  				break;
  			case CheckpointerProcess:
  				statmsg = "checkpointer process";
  				break;
  			case WalWriterProcess:
  				statmsg = "wal writer process";
  				break;
  			case WalReceiverProcess:
  				statmsg = "wal receiver process";
  				break;
  			default:
  				statmsg = "??? process";
  				break;
  		}
  		init_ps_display(statmsg, "", "", "");
  	}
  
  	/* Acquire configuration parameters, unless inherited from postmaster */
  	if (!IsUnderPostmaster)
  	{
  		if (!SelectConfigFiles(userDoption, progname))
  			proc_exit(1);
  	}
  
  	/* Validate we have been given a reasonable-looking DataDir */
  	Assert(DataDir);
  	ValidatePgVersion(DataDir);
  
  	/* Change into DataDir (if under postmaster, should be done already) */
  	if (!IsUnderPostmaster)
  		ChangeToDataDir();
  
  	/* If standalone, create lockfile for data directory */
  	if (!IsUnderPostmaster)
  		CreateDataDirLockFile(false);
  
  	SetProcessingMode(BootstrapProcessing);
  	IgnoreSystemIndexes = true;
  
  	BaseInit();
  
  	/*
  	 * When we are an auxiliary process, we aren't going to do the full
  	 * InitPostgres pushups, but there are a couple of things that need to get
  	 * lit up even in an auxiliary process.
  	 */
  	if (IsUnderPostmaster)
  	{
  		/*
  		 * Create a PGPROC so we can use LWLocks.  In the EXEC_BACKEND case,
  		 * this was already done by SubPostmasterMain().
  		 */
  #ifndef EXEC_BACKEND
  		InitAuxiliaryProcess();
  #endif
  
  		/*
  		 * Assign the ProcSignalSlot for an auxiliary process.	Since it
  		 * doesn't have a BackendId, the slot is statically allocated based on
  		 * the auxiliary process type (MyAuxProcType).  Backends use slots
  		 * indexed in the range from 1 to MaxBackends (inclusive), so we use
  		 * MaxBackends + AuxProcType + 1 as the index of the slot for an
  		 * auxiliary process.
  		 *
  		 * This will need rethinking if we ever want more than one of a
  		 * particular auxiliary process type.
  		 */
  		ProcSignalInit(MaxBackends + MyAuxProcType + 1);
  
  		/* finish setting up bufmgr.c */
  		InitBufferPoolBackend();
  
  		/* register a shutdown callback for LWLock cleanup */
  		on_shmem_exit(ShutdownAuxiliaryProcess, 0);
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * XLOG operations
  	 */
  	SetProcessingMode(NormalProcessing);
  
  	switch (MyAuxProcType)
  	{
  		case CheckerProcess:
  			/* don't set signals, they're useless here */
  			CheckerModeMain();
  			proc_exit(1);		/* should never return */
  
  		case BootstrapProcess:
  			bootstrap_signals();
  			BootStrapXLOG();
  			BootstrapModeMain();
  			proc_exit(1);		/* should never return */
  
  		case StartupProcess:
  			/* don't set signals, startup process has its own agenda */
  			StartupProcessMain();
  			proc_exit(1);		/* should never return */
  
  		case BgWriterProcess:
  			/* don't set signals, bgwriter has its own agenda */
  			BackgroundWriterMain();
  			proc_exit(1);		/* should never return */
  
  		case CheckpointerProcess:
  			/* don't set signals, checkpointer has its own agenda */
  			CheckpointerMain();
  			proc_exit(1);		/* should never return */
  
  		case WalWriterProcess:
  			/* don't set signals, walwriter has its own agenda */
  			InitXLOGAccess();
  			WalWriterMain();
  			proc_exit(1);		/* should never return */
  
  		case WalReceiverProcess:
  			/* don't set signals, walreceiver has its own agenda */
  			WalReceiverMain();
  			proc_exit(1);		/* should never return */
  
  		default:
  			elog(PANIC, "unrecognized process type: %d", (int) MyAuxProcType);
  			proc_exit(1);
  	}
  }
  
  /*
   * In shared memory checker mode, all we really want to do is create shared
   * memory and semaphores (just to prove we can do it with the current GUC
   * settings).  Since, in fact, that was already done by BaseInit(),
   * we have nothing more to do here.
   */
  static void
  CheckerModeMain(void)
  {
  	proc_exit(0);
  }
  
  /*
   *	 The main entry point for running the backend in bootstrap mode
   *
   *	 The bootstrap mode is used to initialize the template database.
   *	 The bootstrap backend doesn't speak SQL, but instead expects
   *	 commands in a special bootstrap language.
   */
  static void
  BootstrapModeMain(void)
  {
  	int			i;
  
  	Assert(!IsUnderPostmaster);
  
  	SetProcessingMode(BootstrapProcessing);
  
  	/*
  	 * Do backend-like initialization for bootstrap mode
  	 */
  	InitProcess();
  
  	InitPostgres(NULL, InvalidOid, NULL, NULL);
  
  	/* Initialize stuff for bootstrap-file processing */
  	for (i = 0; i < MAXATTR; i++)
  	{
  		attrtypes[i] = NULL;
  		Nulls[i] = false;
  	}
  
  	/*
  	 * Process bootstrap input.
  	 */
  	boot_yyparse();
  
  	/*
  	 * We should now know about all mapped relations, so it's okay to write
  	 * out the initial relation mapping files.
  	 */
  	RelationMapFinishBootstrap();
  
  	/* Clean up and exit */
  	cleanup();
  	proc_exit(0);
  }
  
  
  /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
   *						misc functions
   * ----------------------------------------------------------------
   */
  
  /*
   * Set up signal handling for a bootstrap process
   */
  static void
  bootstrap_signals(void)
  {
  	if (IsUnderPostmaster)
  	{
  		/*
  		 * If possible, make this process a group leader, so that the
  		 * postmaster can signal any child processes too.
  		 */
  #ifdef HAVE_SETSID
  		if (setsid() < 0)
  			elog(FATAL, "setsid() failed: %m");
  #endif
  
  		/*
  		 * Properly accept or ignore signals the postmaster might send us
  		 */
  		pqsignal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
  		pqsignal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);		/* ignore query-cancel */
  		pqsignal(SIGTERM, die);
  		pqsignal(SIGQUIT, quickdie);
  		pqsignal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
  		pqsignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
  		pqsignal(SIGUSR1, SIG_IGN);
  		pqsignal(SIGUSR2, SIG_IGN);
  
  		/*
  		 * Reset some signals that are accepted by postmaster but not here
  		 */
  		pqsignal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
  		pqsignal(SIGTTIN, SIG_DFL);
  		pqsignal(SIGTTOU, SIG_DFL);
  		pqsignal(SIGCONT, SIG_DFL);
  		pqsignal(SIGWINCH, SIG_DFL);
  
  		/*
  		 * Unblock signals (they were blocked when the postmaster forked us)
  		 */
  		PG_SETMASK(&UnBlockSig);
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		/* Set up appropriately for interactive use */
  		pqsignal(SIGHUP, die);
  		pqsignal(SIGINT, die);
  		pqsignal(SIGTERM, die);
  		pqsignal(SIGQUIT, die);
  	}
  }
  
  /*
   * Begin shutdown of an auxiliary process.	This is approximately the equivalent
   * of ShutdownPostgres() in postinit.c.  We can't run transactions in an
   * auxiliary process, so most of the work of AbortTransaction() is not needed,
   * but we do need to make sure we've released any LWLocks we are holding.
   * (This is only critical during an error exit.)
   */
  static void
  ShutdownAuxiliaryProcess(int code, Datum arg)
  {
  	LWLockReleaseAll();
  }
  
  /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
   *				MANUAL BACKEND INTERACTIVE INTERFACE COMMANDS
   * ----------------------------------------------------------------
   */
  
  /* ----------------
   *		boot_openrel
   * ----------------
   */
  void
  boot_openrel(char *relname)
  {
  	int			i;
  	struct typmap **app;
  	Relation	rel;
  	HeapScanDesc scan;
  	HeapTuple	tup;
  
  	if (strlen(relname) >= NAMEDATALEN)
  		relname[NAMEDATALEN - 1] = '\0';
  
  	if (Typ == NULL)
  	{
  		/* We can now load the pg_type data */
  		rel = heap_open(TypeRelationId, NoLock);
  		scan = heap_beginscan(rel, SnapshotNow, 0, NULL);
  		i = 0;
  		while ((tup = heap_getnext(scan, ForwardScanDirection)) != NULL)
  			++i;
  		heap_endscan(scan);
  		app = Typ = ALLOC(struct typmap *, i + 1);
  		while (i-- > 0)
  			*app++ = ALLOC(struct typmap, 1);
  		*app = NULL;
  		scan = heap_beginscan(rel, SnapshotNow, 0, NULL);
  		app = Typ;
  		while ((tup = heap_getnext(scan, ForwardScanDirection)) != NULL)
  		{
  			(*app)->am_oid = HeapTupleGetOid(tup);
  			memcpy((char *) &(*app)->am_typ,
  				   (char *) GETSTRUCT(tup),
  				   sizeof((*app)->am_typ));
  			app++;
  		}
  		heap_endscan(scan);
  		heap_close(rel, NoLock);
  	}
  
  	if (boot_reldesc != NULL)
  		closerel(NULL);
  
  	elog(DEBUG4, "open relation %s, attrsize %d",
  		 relname, (int) ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);
  
  	boot_reldesc = heap_openrv(makeRangeVar(NULL, relname, -1), NoLock);
  	numattr = boot_reldesc->rd_rel->relnatts;
  	for (i = 0; i < numattr; i++)
  	{
  		if (attrtypes[i] == NULL)
  			attrtypes[i] = AllocateAttribute();
  		memmove((char *) attrtypes[i],
  				(char *) boot_reldesc->rd_att->attrs[i],
  				ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);
  
  		{
  			Form_pg_attribute at = attrtypes[i];
  
  			elog(DEBUG4, "create attribute %d name %s len %d num %d type %u",
  				 i, NameStr(at->attname), at->attlen, at->attnum,
  				 at->atttypid);
  		}
  	}
  }
  
  /* ----------------
   *		closerel
   * ----------------
   */
  void
  closerel(char *name)
  {
  	if (name)
  	{
  		if (boot_reldesc)
  		{
  			if (strcmp(RelationGetRelationName(boot_reldesc), name) != 0)
  				elog(ERROR, "close of %s when %s was expected",
  					 name, RelationGetRelationName(boot_reldesc));
  		}
  		else
  			elog(ERROR, "close of %s before any relation was opened",
  				 name);
  	}
  
  	if (boot_reldesc == NULL)
  		elog(ERROR, "no open relation to close");
  	else
  	{
  		elog(DEBUG4, "close relation %s",
  			 RelationGetRelationName(boot_reldesc));
  		heap_close(boot_reldesc, NoLock);
  		boot_reldesc = NULL;
  	}
  }
  
  
  
  /* ----------------
   * DEFINEATTR()
   *
   * define a <field,type> pair
   * if there are n fields in a relation to be created, this routine
   * will be called n times
   * ----------------
   */
  void
  DefineAttr(char *name, char *type, int attnum)
  {
  	Oid			typeoid;
  
  	if (boot_reldesc != NULL)
  	{
  		elog(WARNING, "no open relations allowed with CREATE command");
  		closerel(NULL);
  	}
  
  	if (attrtypes[attnum] == NULL)
  		attrtypes[attnum] = AllocateAttribute();
  	MemSet(attrtypes[attnum], 0, ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);
  
  	namestrcpy(&attrtypes[attnum]->attname, name);
  	elog(DEBUG4, "column %s %s", NameStr(attrtypes[attnum]->attname), type);
  	attrtypes[attnum]->attnum = attnum + 1;		/* fillatt */
  
  	typeoid = gettype(type);
  
  	if (Typ != NULL)
  	{
  		attrtypes[attnum]->atttypid = Ap->am_oid;
  		attrtypes[attnum]->attlen = Ap->am_typ.typlen;
  		attrtypes[attnum]->attbyval = Ap->am_typ.typbyval;
  		attrtypes[attnum]->attstorage = Ap->am_typ.typstorage;
  		attrtypes[attnum]->attalign = Ap->am_typ.typalign;
  		attrtypes[attnum]->attcollation = Ap->am_typ.typcollation;
  		/* if an array type, assume 1-dimensional attribute */
  		if (Ap->am_typ.typelem != InvalidOid && Ap->am_typ.typlen < 0)
  			attrtypes[attnum]->attndims = 1;
  		else
  			attrtypes[attnum]->attndims = 0;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		attrtypes[attnum]->atttypid = TypInfo[typeoid].oid;
  		attrtypes[attnum]->attlen = TypInfo[typeoid].len;
  		attrtypes[attnum]->attbyval = TypInfo[typeoid].byval;
  		attrtypes[attnum]->attstorage = TypInfo[typeoid].storage;
  		attrtypes[attnum]->attalign = TypInfo[typeoid].align;
  		attrtypes[attnum]->attcollation = TypInfo[typeoid].collation;
  		/* if an array type, assume 1-dimensional attribute */
  		if (TypInfo[typeoid].elem != InvalidOid &&
  			attrtypes[attnum]->attlen < 0)
  			attrtypes[attnum]->attndims = 1;
  		else
  			attrtypes[attnum]->attndims = 0;
  	}
  
  	attrtypes[attnum]->attstattarget = -1;
  	attrtypes[attnum]->attcacheoff = -1;
  	attrtypes[attnum]->atttypmod = -1;
  	attrtypes[attnum]->attislocal = true;
  
  	/*
  	 * Mark as "not null" if type is fixed-width and prior columns are too.
  	 * This corresponds to case where column can be accessed directly via C
  	 * struct declaration.
  	 *
  	 * oidvector and int2vector are also treated as not-nullable, even though
  	 * they are no longer fixed-width.
  	 */
  #define MARKNOTNULL(att) \
  	((att)->attlen > 0 || \
  	 (att)->atttypid == OIDVECTOROID || \
  	 (att)->atttypid == INT2VECTOROID)
  
  	if (MARKNOTNULL(attrtypes[attnum]))
  	{
  		int			i;
  
  		for (i = 0; i < attnum; i++)
  		{
  			if (!MARKNOTNULL(attrtypes[i]))
  				break;
  		}
  		if (i == attnum)
  			attrtypes[attnum]->attnotnull = true;
  	}
  }
  
  
  /* ----------------
   *		InsertOneTuple
   *
   * If objectid is not zero, it is a specific OID to assign to the tuple.
   * Otherwise, an OID will be assigned (if necessary) by heap_insert.
   * ----------------
   */
  void
  InsertOneTuple(Oid objectid)
  {
  	HeapTuple	tuple;
  	TupleDesc	tupDesc;
  	int			i;
  
  	elog(DEBUG4, "inserting row oid %u, %d columns", objectid, numattr);
  
  	tupDesc = CreateTupleDesc(numattr,
  							  RelationGetForm(boot_reldesc)->relhasoids,
  							  attrtypes);
  	tuple = heap_form_tuple(tupDesc, values, Nulls);
  	if (objectid != (Oid) 0)
  		HeapTupleSetOid(tuple, objectid);
  	pfree(tupDesc);				/* just free's tupDesc, not the attrtypes */
  
  	simple_heap_insert(boot_reldesc, tuple);
  	heap_freetuple(tuple);
  	elog(DEBUG4, "row inserted");
  
  	/*
  	 * Reset null markers for next tuple
  	 */
  	for (i = 0; i < numattr; i++)
  		Nulls[i] = false;
  }
  
  /* ----------------
   *		InsertOneValue
   * ----------------
   */
  void
  InsertOneValue(char *value, int i)
  {
  	Oid			typoid;
  	int16		typlen;
  	bool		typbyval;
  	char		typalign;
  	char		typdelim;
  	Oid			typioparam;
  	Oid			typinput;
  	Oid			typoutput;
  	char	   *prt;
  
  	AssertArg(i >= 0 && i < MAXATTR);
  
  	elog(DEBUG4, "inserting column %d value \"%s\"", i, value);
  
  	typoid = boot_reldesc->rd_att->attrs[i]->atttypid;
  
  	boot_get_type_io_data(typoid,
  						  &typlen, &typbyval, &typalign,
  						  &typdelim, &typioparam,
  						  &typinput, &typoutput);
  
  	values[i] = OidInputFunctionCall(typinput, value, typioparam, -1);
  	prt = OidOutputFunctionCall(typoutput, values[i]);
  	elog(DEBUG4, "inserted -> %s", prt);
  	pfree(prt);
  }
  
  /* ----------------
   *		InsertOneNull
   * ----------------
   */
  void
  InsertOneNull(int i)
  {
  	elog(DEBUG4, "inserting column %d NULL", i);
  	Assert(i >= 0 && i < MAXATTR);
  	values[i] = PointerGetDatum(NULL);
  	Nulls[i] = true;
  }
  
  /* ----------------
   *		cleanup
   * ----------------
   */
  static void
  cleanup(void)
  {
  	if (boot_reldesc != NULL)
  		closerel(NULL);
  }
  
  /* ----------------
   *		gettype
   *
   * NB: this is really ugly; it will return an integer index into TypInfo[],
   * and not an OID at all, until the first reference to a type not known in
   * TypInfo[].  At that point it will read and cache pg_type in the Typ array,
   * and subsequently return a real OID (and set the global pointer Ap to
   * point at the found row in Typ).	So caller must check whether Typ is
   * still NULL to determine what the return value is!
   * ----------------
   */
  static Oid
  gettype(char *type)
  {
  	int			i;
  	Relation	rel;
  	HeapScanDesc scan;
  	HeapTuple	tup;
  	struct typmap **app;
  
  	if (Typ != NULL)
  	{
  		for (app = Typ; *app != NULL; app++)
  		{
  			if (strncmp(NameStr((*app)->am_typ.typname), type, NAMEDATALEN) == 0)
  			{
  				Ap = *app;
  				return (*app)->am_oid;
  			}
  		}
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		for (i = 0; i < n_types; i++)
  		{
  			if (strncmp(type, TypInfo[i].name, NAMEDATALEN) == 0)
  				return i;
  		}
  		elog(DEBUG4, "external type: %s", type);
  		rel = heap_open(TypeRelationId, NoLock);
  		scan = heap_beginscan(rel, SnapshotNow, 0, NULL);
  		i = 0;
  		while ((tup = heap_getnext(scan, ForwardScanDirection)) != NULL)
  			++i;
  		heap_endscan(scan);
  		app = Typ = ALLOC(struct typmap *, i + 1);
  		while (i-- > 0)
  			*app++ = ALLOC(struct typmap, 1);
  		*app = NULL;
  		scan = heap_beginscan(rel, SnapshotNow, 0, NULL);
  		app = Typ;
  		while ((tup = heap_getnext(scan, ForwardScanDirection)) != NULL)
  		{
  			(*app)->am_oid = HeapTupleGetOid(tup);
  			memmove((char *) &(*app++)->am_typ,
  					(char *) GETSTRUCT(tup),
  					sizeof((*app)->am_typ));
  		}
  		heap_endscan(scan);
  		heap_close(rel, NoLock);
  		return gettype(type);
  	}
  	elog(ERROR, "unrecognized type \"%s\"", type);
  	/* not reached, here to make compiler happy */
  	return 0;
  }
  
  /* ----------------
   *		boot_get_type_io_data
   *
   * Obtain type I/O information at bootstrap time.  This intentionally has
   * almost the same API as lsyscache.c's get_type_io_data, except that
   * we only support obtaining the typinput and typoutput routines, not
   * the binary I/O routines.  It is exported so that array_in and array_out
   * can be made to work during early bootstrap.
   * ----------------
   */
  void
  boot_get_type_io_data(Oid typid,
  					  int16 *typlen,
  					  bool *typbyval,
  					  char *typalign,
  					  char *typdelim,
  					  Oid *typioparam,
  					  Oid *typinput,
  					  Oid *typoutput)
  {
  	if (Typ != NULL)
  	{
  		/* We have the boot-time contents of pg_type, so use it */
  		struct typmap **app;
  		struct typmap *ap;
  
  		app = Typ;
  		while (*app && (*app)->am_oid != typid)
  			++app;
  		ap = *app;
  		if (ap == NULL)
  			elog(ERROR, "type OID %u not found in Typ list", typid);
  
  		*typlen = ap->am_typ.typlen;
  		*typbyval = ap->am_typ.typbyval;
  		*typalign = ap->am_typ.typalign;
  		*typdelim = ap->am_typ.typdelim;
  
  		/* XXX this logic must match getTypeIOParam() */
  		if (OidIsValid(ap->am_typ.typelem))
  			*typioparam = ap->am_typ.typelem;
  		else
  			*typioparam = typid;
  
  		*typinput = ap->am_typ.typinput;
  		*typoutput = ap->am_typ.typoutput;
  	}
  	else
  	{
  		/* We don't have pg_type yet, so use the hard-wired TypInfo array */
  		int			typeindex;
  
  		for (typeindex = 0; typeindex < n_types; typeindex++)
  		{
  			if (TypInfo[typeindex].oid == typid)
  				break;
  		}
  		if (typeindex >= n_types)
  			elog(ERROR, "type OID %u not found in TypInfo", typid);
  
  		*typlen = TypInfo[typeindex].len;
  		*typbyval = TypInfo[typeindex].byval;
  		*typalign = TypInfo[typeindex].align;
  		/* We assume typdelim is ',' for all boot-time types */
  		*typdelim = ',';
  
  		/* XXX this logic must match getTypeIOParam() */
  		if (OidIsValid(TypInfo[typeindex].elem))
  			*typioparam = TypInfo[typeindex].elem;
  		else
  			*typioparam = typid;
  
  		*typinput = TypInfo[typeindex].inproc;
  		*typoutput = TypInfo[typeindex].outproc;
  	}
  }
  
  /* ----------------
   *		AllocateAttribute
   *
   * Note: bootstrap never sets any per-column ACLs, so we only need
   * ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE space per attribute.
   * ----------------
   */
  static Form_pg_attribute
  AllocateAttribute(void)
  {
  	Form_pg_attribute attribute = (Form_pg_attribute) malloc(ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);
  
  	if (!PointerIsValid(attribute))
  		elog(FATAL, "out of memory");
  	MemSet(attribute, 0, ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);
  
  	return attribute;
  }
  
  /* ----------------
   *		MapArrayTypeName
   * XXX arrays of "basetype" are always "_basetype".
   *	   this is an evil hack inherited from rel. 3.1.
   * XXX array dimension is thrown away because we
   *	   don't support fixed-dimension arrays.  again,
   *	   sickness from 3.1.
   *
   * the string passed in must have a '[' character in it
   *
   * the string returned is a pointer to static storage and should NOT
   * be freed by the CALLER.
   * ----------------
   */
  char *
  MapArrayTypeName(char *s)
  {
  	int			i,
  				j;
  	static char newStr[NAMEDATALEN];	/* array type names < NAMEDATALEN long */
  
  	if (s == NULL || s[0] == '\0')
  		return s;
  
  	j = 1;
  	newStr[0] = '_';
  	for (i = 0; i < NAMEDATALEN - 1 && s[i] != '['; i++, j++)
  		newStr[j] = s[i];
  
  	newStr[j] = '\0';
  
  	return newStr;
  }
  
  
  /*
   *	index_register() -- record an index that has been set up for building
   *						later.
   *
   *		At bootstrap time, we define a bunch of indexes on system catalogs.
   *		We postpone actually building the indexes until just before we're
   *		finished with initialization, however.	This is because the indexes
   *		themselves have catalog entries, and those have to be included in the
   *		indexes on those catalogs.	Doing it in two phases is the simplest
   *		way of making sure the indexes have the right contents at the end.
   */
  void
  index_register(Oid heap,
  			   Oid ind,
  			   IndexInfo *indexInfo)
  {
  	IndexList  *newind;
  	MemoryContext oldcxt;
  
  	/*
  	 * XXX mao 10/31/92 -- don't gc index reldescs, associated info at
  	 * bootstrap time.	we'll declare the indexes now, but want to create them
  	 * later.
  	 */
  
  	if (nogc == NULL)
  		nogc = AllocSetContextCreate(NULL,
  									 "BootstrapNoGC",
  									 ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MINSIZE,
  									 ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_INITSIZE,
  									 ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE);
  
  	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(nogc);
  
  	newind = (IndexList *) palloc(sizeof(IndexList));
  	newind->il_heap = heap;
  	newind->il_ind = ind;
  	newind->il_info = (IndexInfo *) palloc(sizeof(IndexInfo));
  
  	memcpy(newind->il_info, indexInfo, sizeof(IndexInfo));
  	/* expressions will likely be null, but may as well copy it */
  	newind->il_info->ii_Expressions = (List *)
  		copyObject(indexInfo->ii_Expressions);
  	newind->il_info->ii_ExpressionsState = NIL;
  	/* predicate will likely be null, but may as well copy it */
  	newind->il_info->ii_Predicate = (List *)
  		copyObject(indexInfo->ii_Predicate);
  	newind->il_info->ii_PredicateState = NIL;
  	/* no exclusion constraints at bootstrap time, so no need to copy */
  	Assert(indexInfo->ii_ExclusionOps == NULL);
  	Assert(indexInfo->ii_ExclusionProcs == NULL);
  	Assert(indexInfo->ii_ExclusionStrats == NULL);
  
  	newind->il_next = ILHead;
  	ILHead = newind;
  
  	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
  }
  
  
  /*
   * build_indices -- fill in all the indexes registered earlier
   */
  void
  build_indices(void)
  {
  	for (; ILHead != NULL; ILHead = ILHead->il_next)
  	{
  		Relation	heap;
  		Relation	ind;
  
  		/* need not bother with locks during bootstrap */
  		heap = heap_open(ILHead->il_heap, NoLock);
  		ind = index_open(ILHead->il_ind, NoLock);
  
  		index_build(heap, ind, ILHead->il_info, false, false);
  
  		index_close(ind, NoLock);
  		heap_close(heap, NoLock);
  	}
  }
  