text: // Copyright (c) 2009-2019 The Bitcoin Core developers 
  // Copyright (c) 2019-2021 The Cerebralcoin Core developers
  // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
  // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
  
  #ifndef CEREBRALCOIN_FS_H
  #define CEREBRALCOIN_FS_H
  
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <string>
  #if defined WIN32 && defined __GLIBCXX__
  #include <ext/stdio_filebuf.h>
  #endif
  
  #include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
  #include <boost/filesystem/fstream.hpp>
  
  /** Filesystem operations and types */
  namespace fs = boost::filesystem;
  
  /** Bridge operations to C stdio */
  namespace fsbridge {
      FILE *fopen(const fs::path& p, const char *mode);
  
      class FileLock
      {
      public:
          FileLock() = delete;
          FileLock(const FileLock&) = delete;
          FileLock(FileLock&&) = delete;
          explicit FileLock(const fs::path& file);
          ~FileLock();
          bool TryLock();
          std::string GetReason() { return reason; }
  
      private:
          std::string reason;
  #ifndef WIN32
          int fd = -1;
  #else
          void* hFile = (void*)-1; // INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
  #endif
      };
  
      std::string get_filesystem_error_message(const fs::filesystem_error& e);
  
      // GNU libstdc++ specific workaround for opening UTF-8 paths on Windows.
      //
      // On Windows, it is only possible to reliably access multibyte file paths through
      // `wchar_t` APIs, not `char` APIs. But because the C++ standard doesn't
      // require ifstream/ofstream `wchar_t` constructors, and the GNU library doesn't
      // provide them (in contrast to the Microsoft C++ library, see
      // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/821873/how-to-open-an-stdfstream-ofstream-or-ifstream-with-a-unicode-filename/822032#822032),
      // Boost is forced to fall back to `char` constructors which may not work properly.
      //
      // Work around this issue by creating stream objects with `_wfopen` in
      // combination with `__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf`. This workaround can be removed
      // with an upgrade to C++17, where streams can be constructed directly from
      // `std::filesystem::path` objects.
  
  #if defined WIN32 && defined __GLIBCXX__
      class ifstream : public std::istream
      {
      public:
          ifstream() = default;
          explicit ifstream(const fs::path& p, std::ios_base::openmode mode = std::ios_base::in) { open(p, mode); }
          ~ifstream() { close(); }
          void open(const fs::path& p, std::ios_base::openmode mode = std::ios_base::in);
          bool is_open() { return m_filebuf.is_open(); }
          void close();
  
      private:
          __gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf<char> m_filebuf;
          FILE* m_file = nullptr;
      };
      class ofstream : public std::ostream
      {
      public:
          ofstream() = default;
          explicit ofstream(const fs::path& p, std::ios_base::openmode mode = std::ios_base::out) { open(p, mode); }
          ~ofstream() { close(); }
          void open(const fs::path& p, std::ios_base::openmode mode = std::ios_base::out);
          bool is_open() { return m_filebuf.is_open(); }
          void close();
  
      private:
          __gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf<char> m_filebuf;
          FILE* m_file = nullptr;
      };
  #else  // !(WIN32 && __GLIBCXX__)
      typedef fs::ifstream ifstream;
      typedef fs::ofstream ofstream;
  #endif // WIN32 && __GLIBCXX__
  };
  
  #endif // CEREBRALCOIN_FS_H
  