text: import argparse
  from onmt.modules.SRU import CheckSRU
  
  
  def model_opts(parser):
      """
      These options are passed to the construction of the model.
      Be careful with these as they will be used during translation.
      """
  
      # Embedding Options
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Model-Embeddings')
      group.add_argument('-src_word_vec_size', type=int, default=500,
                         help='Word embedding size for src.')
      group.add_argument('-tgt_word_vec_size', type=int, default=500,
                         help='Word embedding size for tgt.')
      group.add_argument('-word_vec_size', type=int, default=-1,
                         help='Word embedding size for src and tgt.')
  
      group.add_argument('-share_decoder_embeddings', action='store_true',
                         help="""Use a shared weight matrix for the input and
                         output word  embeddings in the decoder.""")
      group.add_argument('-share_embeddings', action='store_true',
                         help="""Share the word embeddings between encoder
                         and decoder. Need to use shared dictionary for this
                         option.""")
      group.add_argument('-position_encoding', action='store_true',
                         help="""Use a sin to mark relative words positions.
                         Necessary for non-RNN style models.
                         """)
  
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Model-Embedding Features')
      group.add_argument('-feat_merge', type=str, default='concat',
                         choices=['concat', 'sum', 'mlp'],
                         help="""Merge action for incorporating features embeddings.
                         Options [concat|sum|mlp].""")
      group.add_argument('-feat_vec_size', type=int, default=-1,
                         help="""If specified, feature embedding sizes
                         will be set to this. Otherwise, feat_vec_exponent
                         will be used.""")
      group.add_argument('-feat_vec_exponent', type=float, default=0.7,
                         help="""If -feat_merge_size is not set, feature
                         embedding sizes will be set to N^feat_vec_exponent
                         where N is the number of values the feature takes.""")
  
      # Encoder-Deocder Options
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Model- Encoder-Decoder')
      group.add_argument('-model_type', default='text',
                         help="""Type of source model to use. Allows
                         the system to incorporate non-text inputs.
                         Options are [text|img|audio].""")
  
      group.add_argument('-encoder_type', type=str, default='rnn',
                         choices=['rnn', 'brnn', 'mean', 'transformer', 'cnn'],
                         help="""Type of encoder layer to use. Non-RNN layers
                         are experimental. Options are
                         [rnn|brnn|mean|transformer|cnn].""")
      group.add_argument('-decoder_type', type=str, default='rnn',
                         choices=['rnn', 'transformer', 'cnn'],
                         help="""Type of decoder layer to use. Non-RNN layers
                         are experimental. Options are
                         [rnn|transformer|cnn].""")
  
      group.add_argument('-layers', type=int, default=-1,
                         help='Number of layers in enc/dec.')
      group.add_argument('-enc_layers', type=int, default=2,
                         help='Number of layers in the encoder')
      group.add_argument('-dec_layers', type=int, default=2,
                         help='Number of layers in the decoder')
      group.add_argument('-rnn_size', type=int, default=500,
                         help='Size of rnn hidden states')
      group.add_argument('-cnn_kernel_width', type=int, default=3,
                         help="""Size of windows in the cnn, the kernel_size is
                         (cnn_kernel_width, 1) in conv layer""")
  
      group.add_argument('-input_feed', type=int, default=1,
                         help="""Feed the context vector at each time step as
                         additional input (via concatenation with the word
                         embeddings) to the decoder.""")
      group.add_argument('-bridge', action="store_true",
                         help="""Have an additional layer between the last encoder
                         state and the first decoder state""")
      group.add_argument('-rnn_type', type=str, default='LSTM',
                         choices=['LSTM', 'GRU', 'SRU'],
                         action=CheckSRU,
                         help="""The gate type to use in the RNNs""")
      # group.add_argument('-residual',   action="store_true",
      #                     help="Add residual connections between RNN layers.")
  
      group.add_argument('-brnn', action=DeprecateAction,
                         help="Deprecated, use `encoder_type`.")
      group.add_argument('-brnn_merge', default='concat',
                         choices=['concat', 'sum'],
                         help="Merge action for the bidir hidden states")
  
      group.add_argument('-context_gate', type=str, default=None,
                         choices=['source', 'target', 'both'],
                         help="""Type of context gate to use.
                         Do not select for no context gate.""")
  
      # Attention options
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Model- Attention')
      group.add_argument('-global_attention', type=str, default='general',
                         choices=['dot', 'general', 'mlp'],
                         help="""The attention type to use:
                         dotprod or general (Luong) or MLP (Bahdanau)""")
  
      # Genenerator and loss options.
      group.add_argument('-copy_attn', action="store_true",
                         help='Train copy attention layer.')
      group.add_argument('-copy_attn_force', action="store_true",
                         help='When available, train to copy.')
      group.add_argument('-reuse_copy_attn', action="store_true",
                         help="Reuse standard attention for copy")
      group.add_argument('-copy_loss_by_seqlength', action="store_true",
                         help="Divide copy loss by length of sequence")
      group.add_argument('-coverage_attn', action="store_true",
                         help='Train a coverage attention layer.')
      group.add_argument('-lambda_coverage', type=float, default=1,
                         help='Lambda value for coverage.')
  
  
  def preprocess_opts(parser):
      # Data options
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Data')
      group.add_argument('-data_type', default="text",
                         help="""Type of the source input.
                         Options are [text|img].""")
  
      group.add_argument('-train_src', required=True,
                         help="Path to the training source data")
      group.add_argument('-train_tgt', required=True,
                         help="Path to the training target data")
      group.add_argument('-valid_src', required=True,
                         help="Path to the validation source data")
      group.add_argument('-valid_tgt', required=True,
                         help="Path to the validation target data")
  
      group.add_argument('-src_dir', default="",
                         help="Source directory for image or audio files.")
  
      group.add_argument('-save_data', required=True,
                         help="Output file for the prepared data")
  
      group.add_argument('-max_shard_size', type=int, default=0,
                         help="""For text corpus of large volume, it will
                         be divided into shards of this size to preprocess.
                         If 0, the data will be handled as a whole. The unit
                         is in bytes. Optimal value should be multiples of
                         64 bytes.""")
  
      # Dictionary options, for text corpus
  
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Vocab')
      group.add_argument('-src_vocab',
                         help="Path to an existing source vocabulary")
      group.add_argument('-tgt_vocab',
                         help="Path to an existing target vocabulary")
      group.add_argument('-features_vocabs_prefix', type=str, default='',
                         help="Path prefix to existing features vocabularies")
      group.add_argument('-src_vocab_size', type=int, default=50000,
                         help="Size of the source vocabulary")
      group.add_argument('-tgt_vocab_size', type=int, default=50000,
                         help="Size of the target vocabulary")
  
      group.add_argument('-src_words_min_frequency', type=int, default=0)
      group.add_argument('-tgt_words_min_frequency', type=int, default=0)
  
      group.add_argument('-dynamic_dict', action='store_true',
                         help="Create dynamic dictionaries")
      group.add_argument('-share_vocab', action='store_true',
                         help="Share source and target vocabulary")
  
      # Truncation options, for text corpus
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Pruning')
      group.add_argument('-src_seq_length', type=int, default=50,
                         help="Maximum source sequence length")
      group.add_argument('-src_seq_length_trunc', type=int, default=0,
                         help="Truncate source sequence length.")
      group.add_argument('-tgt_seq_length', type=int, default=50,
                         help="Maximum target sequence length to keep.")
      group.add_argument('-tgt_seq_length_trunc', type=int, default=0,
                         help="Truncate target sequence length.")
      group.add_argument('-lower', action='store_true', help='lowercase data')
  
      # Data processing options
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Random')
      group.add_argument('-shuffle', type=int, default=1,
                         help="Shuffle data")
      group.add_argument('-seed', type=int, default=3435,
                         help="Random seed")
  
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Logging')
      group.add_argument('-report_every', type=int, default=100000,
                         help="Report status every this many sentences")
  
      # Options most relevant to speech
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Speech')
      group.add_argument('-sample_rate', type=int, default=16000,
                         help="Sample rate.")
      group.add_argument('-window_size', type=float, default=.02,
                         help="Window size for spectrogram in seconds.")
      group.add_argument('-window_stride', type=float, default=.01,
                         help="Window stride for spectrogram in seconds.")
      group.add_argument('-window', default='hamming',
                         help="Window type for spectrogram generation.")
  
  
  def train_opts(parser):
      # Model loading/saving options
  
      group = parser.add_argument_group('General')
      group.add_argument('-data', required=True,
                         help="""Path prefix to the ".train.pt" and
                         ".valid.pt" file path from preprocess.py""")
  
      group.add_argument('-save_model', default='model',
                         help="""Model filename (the model will be saved as
                         <save_model>_epochN_PPL.pt where PPL is the
                         validation perplexity""")
      # GPU
      group.add_argument('-gpuid', default=[], nargs='+', type=int,
                         help="Use CUDA on the listed devices.")
  
      group.add_argument('-seed', type=int, default=-1,
                         help="""Random seed used for the experiments
                         reproducibility.""")
  
      # Init options
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Initialization')
      group.add_argument('-start_epoch', type=int, default=1,
                         help='The epoch from which to start')
      group.add_argument('-param_init', type=float, default=0.1,
                         help="""Parameters are initialized over uniform distribution
                         with support (-param_init, param_init).
                         Use 0 to not use initialization""")
      group.add_argument('-train_from', default='', type=str,
                         help="""If training from a checkpoint then this is the
                         path to the pretrained model's state_dict.""")
  
      # Pretrained word vectors
      group.add_argument('-pre_word_vecs_enc',
                         help="""If a valid path is specified, then this will load
                         pretrained word embeddings on the encoder side.
                         See README for specific formatting instructions.""")
      group.add_argument('-pre_word_vecs_dec',
                         help="""If a valid path is specified, then this will load
                         pretrained word embeddings on the decoder side.
                         See README for specific formatting instructions.""")
      # Fixed word vectors
      group.add_argument('-fix_word_vecs_enc',
                         action='store_true',
                         help="Fix word embeddings on the encoder side.")
      group.add_argument('-fix_word_vecs_dec',
                         action='store_true',
                         help="Fix word embeddings on the encoder side.")
  
      # Optimization options
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Optimization- Type')
      group.add_argument('-batch_size', type=int, default=64,
                         help='Maximum batch size for training')
      group.add_argument('-batch_type', default='sents',
                         choices=["sents", "tokens"],
                         help="""Batch grouping for batch_size. Standard
                                 is sents. Tokens will do dynamic batching""")
      group.add_argument('-normalization', default='sents',
                         choices=["sents", "tokens"],
                         help='Normalization method of the gradient.')
      group.add_argument('-accum_count', type=int, default=1,
                         help="""Accumulate gradient this many times.
                         Approximately equivalent to updating
                         batch_size * accum_count batches at once.
                         Recommended for Transformer.""")
      group.add_argument('-valid_batch_size', type=int, default=32,
                         help='Maximum batch size for validation')
      group.add_argument('-max_generator_batches', type=int, default=32,
                         help="""Maximum batches of words in a sequence to run
                          the generator on in parallel. Higher is faster, but
                          uses more memory.""")
      group.add_argument('-epochs', type=int, default=13,
                         help='Number of training epochs')
      group.add_argument('-optim', default='sgd',
                         choices=['sgd', 'adagrad', 'adadelta', 'adam'],
                         help="""Optimization method.""")
      group.add_argument('-adagrad_accumulator_init', type=float, default=0,
                         help="""Initializes the accumulator values in adagrad.
                         Mirrors the initial_accumulator_value option
                         in the tensorflow adagrad (use 0.1 for their default).
                         """)
      group.add_argument('-max_grad_norm', type=float, default=5,
                         help="""If the norm of the gradient vector exceeds this,
                         renormalize it to have the norm equal to
                         max_grad_norm""")
      group.add_argument('-dropout', type=float, default=0.3,
                         help="Dropout probability; applied in LSTM stacks.")
      group.add_argument('-truncated_decoder', type=int, default=0,
                         help="""Truncated bptt.""")
      group.add_argument('-adam_beta1', type=float, default=0.9,
                         help="""The beta1 parameter used by Adam.
                         Almost without exception a value of 0.9 is used in
                         the literature, seemingly giving good results,
                         so we would discourage changing this value from
                         the default without due consideration.""")
      group.add_argument('-adam_beta2', type=float, default=0.999,
                         help="""The beta2 parameter used by Adam.
                         Typically a value of 0.999 is recommended, as this is
                         the value suggested by the original paper describing
                         Adam, and is also the value adopted in other frameworks
                         such as Tensorflow and Kerras, i.e. see:
                         https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/train/AdamOptimizer
                         https://keras.io/optimizers/ .
                         Whereas recently the paper "Attention is All You Need"
                         suggested a value of 0.98 for beta2, this parameter may
                         not work well for normal models / default
                         baselines.""")
      group.add_argument('-label_smoothing', type=float, default=0.0,
                         help="""Label smoothing value epsilon.
                         Probabilities of all non-true labels
                         will be smoothed by epsilon / (vocab_size - 1).
                         Set to zero to turn off label smoothing.
                         For more detailed information, see:
                         https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.00567""")
      # learning rate
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Optimization- Rate')
      group.add_argument('-learning_rate', type=float, default=1.0,
                         help="""Starting learning rate.
                         Recommended settings: sgd = 1, adagrad = 0.1,
                         adadelta = 1, adam = 0.001""")
      group.add_argument('-learning_rate_decay', type=float, default=0.5,
                         help="""If update_learning_rate, decay learning rate by
                         this much if (i) perplexity does not decrease on the
                         validation set or (ii) epoch has gone past
                         start_decay_at""")
      group.add_argument('-start_decay_at', type=int, default=8,
                         help="""Start decaying every epoch after and including this
                         epoch""")
      group.add_argument('-start_checkpoint_at', type=int, default=0,
                         help="""Start checkpointing every epoch after and including
                         this epoch""")
      group.add_argument('-decay_method', type=str, default="",
                         choices=['noam'], help="Use a custom decay rate.")
      group.add_argument('-warmup_steps', type=int, default=4000,
                         help="""Number of warmup steps for custom decay.""")
  
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Logging')
      group.add_argument('-report_every', type=int, default=50,
                         help="Print stats at this interval.")
      group.add_argument('-exp_host', type=str, default="",
                         help="Send logs to this crayon server.")
      group.add_argument('-exp', type=str, default="",
                         help="Name of the experiment for logging.")
      # Use TensorboardX for visualization during training
      group.add_argument('-tensorboard', action="store_true",
                         help="""Use tensorboardX for visualization during training.
                         Must have the library tensorboardX.""")
      group.add_argument("-tensorboard_log_dir", type=str, default="runs",
                         help="Log directory for Tensorboard.")
  
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Speech')
      # Options most relevant to speech
      group.add_argument('-sample_rate', type=int, default=16000,
                         help="Sample rate.")
      group.add_argument('-window_size', type=float, default=.02,
                         help="Window size for spectrogram in seconds.")
  
  
  def translate_opts(parser):
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Model')
      group.add_argument('-model', required=True,
                         help='Path to model .pt file')
  
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Data')
      group.add_argument('-data_type', default="text",
                         help="Type of the source input. Options: [text|img].")
  
      group.add_argument('-src',   required=True,
                         help="""Source sequence to decode (one line per
                         sequence)""")
      group.add_argument('-src_dir',   default="",
                         help='Source directory for image or audio files')
      group.add_argument('-tgt',
                         help='True target sequence (optional)')
      group.add_argument('-output', default='pred.txt',
                         help="""Path to output the predictions (each line will
                         be the decoded sequence""")
      group.add_argument('-report_bleu', action='store_true',
                         help="""Report bleu score after translation,
                         call tools/multi-bleu.perl on command line""")
      group.add_argument('-report_rouge', action='store_true',
                         help="""Report rouge 1/2/3/L/SU4 score after translation
                         call tools/test_rouge.py on command line""")
  
      # Options most relevant to summarization.
      group.add_argument('-dynamic_dict', action='store_true',
                         help="Create dynamic dictionaries")
      group.add_argument('-share_vocab', action='store_true',
                         help="Share source and target vocabulary")
  
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Beam')
      group.add_argument('-beam_size',  type=int, default=5,
                         help='Beam size')
      group.add_argument('-min_length', type=int, default=0,
                         help='Minimum prediction length')
      group.add_argument('-max_length', type=int, default=100,
                         help='Maximum prediction length.')
      group.add_argument('-max_sent_length', action=DeprecateAction,
                         help="Deprecated, use `-max_length` instead")
  
      # Alpha and Beta values for Google Length + Coverage penalty
      # Described here: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.08144.pdf, Section 7
      group.add_argument('-alpha', type=float, default=0.,
                         help="""Google NMT length penalty parameter
                          (higher = longer generation)""")
      group.add_argument('-beta', type=float, default=-0.,
                         help="""Coverage penalty parameter""")
      group.add_argument('-replace_unk', action="store_true",
                         help="""Replace the generated UNK tokens with the
                         source token that had highest attention weight. If
                         phrase_table is provided, it will lookup the
                         identified source token and give the corresponding
                         target token. If it is not provided(or the identified
                         source token does not exist in the table) then it
                         will copy the source token""")
  
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Logging')
      group.add_argument('-verbose', action="store_true",
                         help='Print scores and predictions for each sentence')
      group.add_argument('-attn_debug', action="store_true",
                         help='Print best attn for each word')
      group.add_argument('-dump_beam', type=str, default="",
                         help='File to dump beam information to.')
      group.add_argument('-n_best', type=int, default=1,
                         help="""If verbose is set, will output the n_best
                         decoded sentences""")
  
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Efficiency')
      group.add_argument('-batch_size', type=int, default=30,
                         help='Batch size')
      group.add_argument('-gpu', type=int, default=-1,
                         help="Device to run on")
  
      # Options most relevant to speech.
      group = parser.add_argument_group('Speech')
      group.add_argument('-sample_rate', type=int, default=16000,
                         help="Sample rate.")
      group.add_argument('-window_size', type=float, default=.02,
                         help='Window size for spectrogram in seconds')
      group.add_argument('-window_stride', type=float, default=.01,
                         help='Window stride for spectrogram in seconds')
      group.add_argument('-window', default='hamming',
                         help='Window type for spectrogram generation')
  
  
  def add_md_help_argument(parser):
      parser.add_argument('-md', action=MarkdownHelpAction,
                          help='print Markdown-formatted help text and exit.')
  
  
  # MARKDOWN boilerplate
  
  # Copyright 2016 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
  # Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
  # found in the LICENSE file.
  class MarkdownHelpFormatter(argparse.HelpFormatter):
      """A really bare-bones argparse help formatter that generates valid markdown.
      This will generate something like:
      usage
      # **section heading**:
      ## **--argument-one**
      ```
      argument-one help text
      ```
      """
  
      def _format_usage(self, usage, actions, groups, prefix):
          return ""
  
      def format_help(self):
          print(self._prog)
          self._root_section.heading = '# Options: %s' % self._prog
          return super(MarkdownHelpFormatter, self).format_help()
  
      def start_section(self, heading):
          super(MarkdownHelpFormatter, self)\
              .start_section('### **%s**' % heading)
  
      def _format_action(self, action):
          if action.dest == "help" or action.dest == "md":
              return ""
          lines = []
          lines.append('* **-%s %s** ' % (action.dest,
                                          "[%s]" % action.default
                                          if action.default else "[]"))
          if action.help:
              help_text = self._expand_help(action)
              lines.extend(self._split_lines(help_text, 80))
          lines.extend(['', ''])
          return '\n'.join(lines)
  
  
  class MarkdownHelpAction(argparse.Action):
      def __init__(self, option_strings,
                   dest=argparse.SUPPRESS, default=argparse.SUPPRESS,
                   **kwargs):
          super(MarkdownHelpAction, self).__init__(
              option_strings=option_strings,
              dest=dest,
              default=default,
              nargs=0,
              **kwargs)
  
      def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
          parser.formatter_class = MarkdownHelpFormatter
          parser.print_help()
          parser.exit()
  
  
  class DeprecateAction(argparse.Action):
      def __init__(self, option_strings, dest, help=None, **kwargs):
          super(DeprecateAction, self).__init__(option_strings, dest, nargs=0,
                                                help=help, **kwargs)
  
      def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, flag_name):
          help = self.help if self.help is not None else ""
          msg = "Flag '%s' is deprecated. %s" % (flag_name, help)
          raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(msg)
  