text: import unittest, string
  from test import support
  
  
  class ModuleTest(unittest.TestCase):
  
      def test_attrs(self):
          string.whitespace
          string.ascii_lowercase
          string.ascii_uppercase
          string.ascii_letters
          string.digits
          string.hexdigits
          string.octdigits
          string.punctuation
          string.printable
  
      def test_capwords(self):
          self.assertEqual(string.capwords('abc def ghi'), 'Abc Def Ghi')
          self.assertEqual(string.capwords('abc\tdef\nghi'), 'Abc Def Ghi')
          self.assertEqual(string.capwords('abc\t   def  \nghi'), 'Abc Def Ghi')
          self.assertEqual(string.capwords('ABC DEF GHI'), 'Abc Def Ghi')
          self.assertEqual(string.capwords('ABC-DEF-GHI', '-'), 'Abc-Def-Ghi')
          self.assertEqual(string.capwords('ABC-def DEF-ghi GHI'), 'Abc-def Def-ghi Ghi')
          self.assertEqual(string.capwords('   aBc  DeF   '), 'Abc Def')
          self.assertEqual(string.capwords('\taBc\tDeF\t'), 'Abc Def')
          self.assertEqual(string.capwords('\taBc\tDeF\t', '\t'), '\tAbc\tDef\t')
  
      def test_basic_formatter(self):
          fmt = string.Formatter()
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("foo"), "foo")
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("foo{0}", "bar"), "foobar")
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("foo{1}{0}-{1}", "bar", 6), "foo6bar-6")
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, fmt.format)
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, string.Formatter.format)
  
      def test_format_keyword_arguments(self):
          fmt = string.Formatter()
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("-{arg}-", arg='test'), '-test-')
          self.assertRaises(KeyError, fmt.format, "-{arg}-")
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("-{self}-", self='test'), '-test-')
          self.assertRaises(KeyError, fmt.format, "-{self}-")
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("-{format_string}-", format_string='test'),
                           '-test-')
          self.assertRaises(KeyError, fmt.format, "-{format_string}-")
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format(arg='test', format_string="-{arg}-"),
                           '-test-')
  
      def test_auto_numbering(self):
          fmt = string.Formatter()
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format('foo{}{}', 'bar', 6),
                           'foo{}{}'.format('bar', 6))
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format('foo{1}{num}{1}', None, 'bar', num=6),
                           'foo{1}{num}{1}'.format(None, 'bar', num=6))
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format('{:^{}}', 'bar', 6),
                           '{:^{}}'.format('bar', 6))
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format('{:^{}} {}', 'bar', 6, 'X'),
                           '{:^{}} {}'.format('bar', 6, 'X'))
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format('{:^{pad}}{}', 'foo', 'bar', pad=6),
                           '{:^{pad}}{}'.format('foo', 'bar', pad=6))
  
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              fmt.format('foo{1}{}', 'bar', 6)
  
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
              fmt.format('foo{}{1}', 'bar', 6)
  
      def test_conversion_specifiers(self):
          fmt = string.Formatter()
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("-{arg!r}-", arg='test'), "-'test'-")
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("{0!s}", 'test'), 'test')
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, fmt.format, "{0!h}", 'test')
          # issue13579
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("{0!a}", 42), '42')
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("{0!a}",  string.ascii_letters),
              "'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'")
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("{0!a}",  chr(255)), "'\\xff'")
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("{0!a}",  chr(256)), "'\\u0100'")
  
      def test_name_lookup(self):
          fmt = string.Formatter()
          class AnyAttr:
              def __getattr__(self, attr):
                  return attr
          x = AnyAttr()
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("{0.lumber}{0.jack}", x), 'lumberjack')
          with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
              fmt.format("{0.lumber}{0.jack}", '')
  
      def test_index_lookup(self):
          fmt = string.Formatter()
          lookup = ["eggs", "and", "spam"]
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("{0[2]}{0[0]}", lookup), 'spameggs')
          with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
              fmt.format("{0[2]}{0[0]}", [])
          with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
              fmt.format("{0[2]}{0[0]}", {})
  
      def test_override_get_value(self):
          class NamespaceFormatter(string.Formatter):
              def __init__(self, namespace={}):
                  string.Formatter.__init__(self)
                  self.namespace = namespace
  
              def get_value(self, key, args, kwds):
                  if isinstance(key, str):
                      try:
                          # Check explicitly passed arguments first
                          return kwds[key]
                      except KeyError:
                          return self.namespace[key]
                  else:
                      string.Formatter.get_value(key, args, kwds)
  
          fmt = NamespaceFormatter({'greeting':'hello'})
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("{greeting}, world!"), 'hello, world!')
  
  
      def test_override_format_field(self):
          class CallFormatter(string.Formatter):
              def format_field(self, value, format_spec):
                  return format(value(), format_spec)
  
          fmt = CallFormatter()
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format('*{0}*', lambda : 'result'), '*result*')
  
  
      def test_override_convert_field(self):
          class XFormatter(string.Formatter):
              def convert_field(self, value, conversion):
                  if conversion == 'x':
                      return None
                  return super().convert_field(value, conversion)
  
          fmt = XFormatter()
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("{0!r}:{0!x}", 'foo', 'foo'), "'foo':None")
  
  
      def test_override_parse(self):
          class BarFormatter(string.Formatter):
              # returns an iterable that contains tuples of the form:
              # (literal_text, field_name, format_spec, conversion)
              def parse(self, format_string):
                  for field in format_string.split('|'):
                      if field[0] == '+':
                          # it's markup
                          field_name, _, format_spec = field[1:].partition(':')
                          yield '', field_name, format_spec, None
                      else:
                          yield field, None, None, None
  
          fmt = BarFormatter()
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format('*|+0:^10s|*', 'foo'), '*   foo    *')
  
      def test_check_unused_args(self):
          class CheckAllUsedFormatter(string.Formatter):
              def check_unused_args(self, used_args, args, kwargs):
                  # Track which arguments actually got used
                  unused_args = set(kwargs.keys())
                  unused_args.update(range(0, len(args)))
  
                  for arg in used_args:
                      unused_args.remove(arg)
  
                  if unused_args:
                      raise ValueError("unused arguments")
  
          fmt = CheckAllUsedFormatter()
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("{0}", 10), "10")
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("{0}{i}", 10, i=100), "10100")
          self.assertEqual(fmt.format("{0}{i}{1}", 10, 20, i=100), "1010020")
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, fmt.format, "{0}{i}{1}", 10, 20, i=100, j=0)
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, fmt.format, "{0}", 10, 20)
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, fmt.format, "{0}", 10, 20, i=100)
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, fmt.format, "{i}", 10, 20, i=100)
  
      def test_vformat_recursion_limit(self):
          fmt = string.Formatter()
          args = ()
          kwargs = dict(i=100)
          with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as err:
              fmt._vformat("{i}", args, kwargs, set(), -1)
          self.assertIn("recursion", str(err.exception))
  
  
  def test_main():
      support.run_unittest(ModuleTest)
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
      test_main()
  