text: # Copyright (c) 2010-2012 OpenStack Foundation
  #
  # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  # You may obtain a copy of the License at
  #
  #    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  #
  # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
  # implied.
  # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  # limitations under the License.
  
  from __future__ import print_function
  
  import errno
  import gc
  import json
  import os
  from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
  import sys
  from tempfile import mkdtemp
  from textwrap import dedent
  from time import sleep, time
  from collections import defaultdict
  import unittest
  from uuid import uuid4
  import shutil
  import six
  from six.moves.http_client import HTTPConnection
  from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse
  
  from swiftclient import get_auth, head_account, client
  from swift.common import internal_client, direct_client, utils
  from swift.common.direct_client import DirectClientException
  from swift.common.ring import Ring
  from swift.common.utils import hash_path, md5, \
      readconf, renamer, rsync_module_interpolation
  from swift.common.manager import Manager
  from swift.common.storage_policy import POLICIES, EC_POLICY, REPL_POLICY
  from swift.obj.diskfile import get_data_dir
  from test.debug_logger import capture_logger
  
  from test.probe import CHECK_SERVER_TIMEOUT, VALIDATE_RSYNC, PROXY_BASE_URL
  
  
  ENABLED_POLICIES = [p for p in POLICIES if not p.is_deprecated]
  POLICIES_BY_TYPE = defaultdict(list)
  for p in POLICIES:
      POLICIES_BY_TYPE[p.policy_type].append(p)
  
  
  def get_server_number(ipport, ipport2server):
      server_number = ipport2server[ipport]
      server, number = server_number[:-1], server_number[-1:]
      try:
          number = int(number)
      except ValueError:
          # probably the proxy
          return server_number, None
      return server, number
  
  
  def start_server(ipport, ipport2server):
      server, number = get_server_number(ipport, ipport2server)
      err = Manager([server]).start(number=number, wait=True)
      if err:
          raise Exception('unable to start %s' % (
              server if not number else '%s%s' % (server, number)))
      return check_server(ipport, ipport2server)
  
  
  def _check_storage(ipport, path):
      conn = HTTPConnection(*ipport)
      conn.request('GET', path)
      resp = conn.getresponse()
      # 404 because it's a nonsense path (and mount_check is false)
      # 507 in case the test target is a VM using mount_check
      if resp.status not in (404, 507):
          raise Exception(
              'Unexpected status %s' % resp.status)
      return resp
  
  
  def _check_proxy(user, key):
      url, token = get_auth(PROXY_BASE_URL + '/auth/v1.0',
                            user, key)
      account = url.split('/')[-1]
      head_account(url, token)
      return url, token, account
  
  
  def _retry_timeout(f, args=None, kwargs=None, timeout=CHECK_SERVER_TIMEOUT):
      args = args or ()
      kwargs = kwargs or {}
      try_until = time() + timeout
      while True:
          try:
              return f(*args, **kwargs)
          except Exception as err:
              if time() > try_until:
                  print(err)
                  fsignature = '%s(*%r, **%r)' % (f.__name__, args, kwargs)
                  print('Giving up on %s after %s seconds.' % (
                      fsignature, timeout))
                  raise err
              sleep(0.1)
  
  
  def check_server(ipport, ipport2server):
      server = ipport2server[ipport]
      if server[:-1] in ('account', 'container', 'object'):
          if int(server[-1]) > 4:
              return None
          path = '/connect/1/2'
          if server[:-1] == 'container':
              path += '/3'
          elif server[:-1] == 'object':
              path += '/3/4'
          rv = _retry_timeout(_check_storage, args=(ipport, path))
      else:
          rv = _retry_timeout(_check_proxy, args=(
              'test:tester', 'testing'))
      return rv
  
  
  def kill_server(ipport, ipport2server):
      server, number = get_server_number(ipport, ipport2server)
      err = Manager([server]).kill(number=number)
      if err:
          raise Exception('unable to kill %s' % (server if not number else
                                                 '%s%s' % (server, number)))
      return wait_for_server_to_hangup(ipport)
  
  
  def wait_for_server_to_hangup(ipport):
      try_until = time() + 30
      while True:
          try:
              conn = HTTPConnection(*ipport)
              conn.request('GET', '/')
              conn.getresponse()
          except Exception:
              break
          if time() > try_until:
              raise Exception(
                  'Still answering on %s:%s after 30 seconds' % ipport)
          sleep(0.1)
  
  
  def kill_nonprimary_server(primary_nodes, ipport2server):
      primary_ipports = [(n['ip'], n['port']) for n in primary_nodes]
      for ipport, server in ipport2server.items():
          if ipport in primary_ipports:
              server_type = server[:-1]
              break
      else:
          raise Exception('Cannot figure out server type for %r' % primary_nodes)
      for ipport, server in list(ipport2server.items()):
          if server[:-1] == server_type and ipport not in primary_ipports:
              kill_server(ipport, ipport2server)
              return ipport
  
  
  def add_ring_devs_to_ipport2server(ring, server_type, ipport2server,
                                     servers_per_port=0):
      # We'll number the servers by order of unique occurrence of:
      #   IP, if servers_per_port > 0 OR there > 1 IP in ring
      #   ipport, otherwise
      unique_ip_count = len({dev['ip'] for dev in ring.devs if dev})
      things_to_number = {}
      number = 0
      for dev in filter(None, ring.devs):
          ip = dev['ip']
          ipport = (ip, dev['port'])
          unique_by = ip if servers_per_port or unique_ip_count > 1 else ipport
          if unique_by not in things_to_number:
              number += 1
              things_to_number[unique_by] = number
          ipport2server[ipport] = '%s%d' % (server_type,
                                            things_to_number[unique_by])
  
  
  def store_config_paths(name, configs):
      server_names = [name, '%s-replicator' % name]
      if name == 'container':
          server_names.append('container-sharder')
      elif name == 'object':
          server_names.append('object-reconstructor')
      for server_name in server_names:
          for server in Manager([server_name]):
              for i, conf in enumerate(server.conf_files(), 1):
                  configs[server.server][i] = conf
  
  
  def get_ring(ring_name, required_replicas, required_devices,
               server=None, force_validate=None, ipport2server=None,
               config_paths=None):
      if not server:
          server = ring_name
      ring = Ring('/etc/swift', ring_name=ring_name)
      if ipport2server is None:
          ipport2server = {}  # used internally, even if not passed in
      if config_paths is None:
          config_paths = defaultdict(dict)
      store_config_paths(server, config_paths)
  
      repl_name = '%s-replicator' % server
      repl_configs = {i: readconf(c, section_name=repl_name)
                      for i, c in config_paths[repl_name].items()}
      servers_per_port = any(int(c.get('servers_per_port', '0'))
                             for c in repl_configs.values())
  
      add_ring_devs_to_ipport2server(ring, server, ipport2server,
                                     servers_per_port=servers_per_port)
      if not VALIDATE_RSYNC and not force_validate:
          return ring
      # easy sanity checks
      if ring.replica_count != required_replicas:
          raise unittest.SkipTest('%s has %s replicas instead of %s' % (
              ring.serialized_path, ring.replica_count, required_replicas))
  
      devs = [dev for dev in ring.devs if dev is not None]
      if len(devs) != required_devices:
          raise unittest.SkipTest('%s has %s devices instead of %s' % (
              ring.serialized_path, len(devs), required_devices))
      for dev in devs:
          # verify server is exposing mounted device
          ipport = (dev['ip'], dev['port'])
          _, server_number = get_server_number(ipport, ipport2server)
          conf = repl_configs[server_number]
          for device in os.listdir(conf['devices']):
              if device == dev['device']:
                  dev_path = os.path.join(conf['devices'], device)
                  full_path = os.path.realpath(dev_path)
                  if not os.path.exists(full_path):
                      raise unittest.SkipTest(
                          'device %s in %s was not found (%s)' %
                          (device, conf['devices'], full_path))
                  break
          else:
              raise unittest.SkipTest(
                  "unable to find ring device %s under %s's devices (%s)" % (
                      dev['device'], server, conf['devices']))
          # verify server is exposing rsync device
          rsync_export = conf.get('rsync_module', '').rstrip('/')
          if not rsync_export:
              rsync_export = '{replication_ip}::%s' % server
          cmd = "rsync %s" % rsync_module_interpolation(rsync_export, dev)
          p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=PIPE)
          stdout, _stderr = p.communicate()
          if p.returncode:
              raise unittest.SkipTest('unable to connect to rsync '
                                      'export %s (%s)' % (rsync_export, cmd))
          for line in stdout.decode().splitlines():
              if line.rsplit(None, 1)[-1] == dev['device']:
                  break
          else:
              raise unittest.SkipTest("unable to find ring device %s under "
                                      "rsync's exported devices for %s (%s)" %
                                      (dev['device'], rsync_export, cmd))
      return ring
  
  
  def get_policy(**kwargs):
      kwargs.setdefault('is_deprecated', False)
      # go through the policies and make sure they match the
      # requirements of kwargs
      for policy in POLICIES:
          # TODO: for EC, pop policy type here and check it first
          matches = True
          for key, value in kwargs.items():
              try:
                  if getattr(policy, key) != value:
                      matches = False
              except AttributeError:
                  matches = False
          if matches:
              return policy
      raise unittest.SkipTest('No policy matching %s' % kwargs)
  
  
  def run_cleanup(cmd):
      p = Popen(cmd + " 2>&1", shell=True, stdout=PIPE)
      stdout, _stderr = p.communicate()
      if p.returncode:
          raise AssertionError(
              'Cleanup with %r failed: stdout: %s, stderr: %s'
              % (cmd, stdout, _stderr))
  
      print(stdout)
      Manager(['all']).stop()
  
  
  def resetswift():
      run_cleanup("resetswift")
  
  
  def kill_orphans():
      run_cleanup("swift-orphans -a 0 -k 9")
  
  
  class Body(object):
  
      def __init__(self, total=3.5 * 2 ** 20):
          self.length = int(total)
          self.hasher = md5(usedforsecurity=False)
          self.read_amount = 0
          self.chunk = uuid4().hex.encode('ascii') * 2 ** 10
          self.buff = b''
  
      @property
      def etag(self):
          return self.hasher.hexdigest()
  
      def __len__(self):
          return self.length
  
      def read(self, amount):
          if len(self.buff) < amount:
              try:
                  self.buff += next(self)
              except StopIteration:
                  pass
          rv, self.buff = self.buff[:amount], self.buff[amount:]
          return rv
  
      def __iter__(self):
          return self
  
      def __next__(self):
          if self.buff:
              rv, self.buff = self.buff, b''
              return rv
          if self.read_amount >= self.length:
              raise StopIteration()
          rv = self.chunk[:int(self.length - self.read_amount)]
          self.read_amount += len(rv)
          self.hasher.update(rv)
          return rv
  
      # for py2 compat:
      next = __next__
  
  
  class ProbeTest(unittest.TestCase):
      """
      Don't instantiate this directly, use a child class instead.
      """
  
      def _load_rings_and_configs(self):
          self.ipport2server = {}
          self.configs = defaultdict(dict)
          self.account_ring = get_ring(
              'account',
              self.acct_cont_required_replicas,
              self.acct_cont_required_devices,
              ipport2server=self.ipport2server,
              config_paths=self.configs)
          self.container_ring = get_ring(
              'container',
              self.acct_cont_required_replicas,
              self.acct_cont_required_devices,
              ipport2server=self.ipport2server,
              config_paths=self.configs)
          self.policy = get_policy(**self.policy_requirements)
          self.object_ring = get_ring(
              self.policy.ring_name,
              self.obj_required_replicas,
              self.obj_required_devices,
              server='object',
              ipport2server=self.ipport2server,
              config_paths=self.configs)
          for server in Manager(['proxy-server']):
              for conf in server.conf_files():
                  self.configs['proxy-server'] = conf
  
      def setUp(self):
          # previous test may have left DatabaseBroker instances in garbage with
          # open connections to db files which will prevent unmounting devices in
          # resetswift, so collect garbage now
          gc.collect()
          resetswift()
          kill_orphans()
          self._load_rings_and_configs()
          try:
              self.servers_per_port = any(
                  int(readconf(c, section_name='object-replicator').get(
                      'servers_per_port', '0'))
                  for c in self.configs['object-replicator'].values())
  
              Manager(['main']).start(wait=True)
              for ipport in self.ipport2server:
                  check_server(ipport, self.ipport2server)
              proxy_conf = readconf(self.configs['proxy-server'],
                                    section_name='app:proxy-server')
              proxy_ipport = (proxy_conf.get('bind_ip', '127.0.0.1'),
                              int(proxy_conf.get('bind_port', 8080)))
              self.ipport2server[proxy_ipport] = 'proxy'
              self.url, self.token, self.account = check_server(
                  proxy_ipport, self.ipport2server)
              self.account_1 = {
                  'url': self.url, 'token': self.token, 'account': self.account}
  
              rv = _retry_timeout(_check_proxy, args=(
                  'test2:tester2', 'testing2'))
              self.account_2 = {
                  k: v for (k, v) in zip(('url', 'token', 'account'), rv)}
  
              self.replicators = Manager(
                  ['account-replicator', 'container-replicator',
                   'object-replicator'])
              self.updaters = Manager(['container-updater', 'object-updater'])
          except BaseException:
              try:
                  raise
              finally:
                  try:
                      Manager(['all']).kill()
                  except Exception:
                      pass
          info_url = "%s://%s/info" % (urlparse(self.url).scheme,
                                       urlparse(self.url).netloc)
          proxy_conn = client.http_connection(info_url)
          self.cluster_info = client.get_capabilities(proxy_conn)
  
      def tearDown(self):
          Manager(['all']).kill()
  
      def assertLengthEqual(self, obj, length):
          obj_len = len(obj)
          self.assertEqual(obj_len, length, 'len(%r) == %d, not %d' % (
              obj, obj_len, length))
  
      def device_dir(self, node):
          server_type, config_number = get_server_number(
              (node['ip'], node['port']), self.ipport2server)
          repl_server = '%s-replicator' % server_type
          conf = readconf(self.configs[repl_server][config_number],
                          section_name=repl_server)
          return os.path.join(conf['devices'], node['device'])
  
      def storage_dir(self, node, part=None, policy=None):
          policy = policy or self.policy
          device_path = self.device_dir(node)
          path_parts = [device_path, get_data_dir(policy)]
          if part is not None:
              path_parts.append(str(part))
          return os.path.join(*path_parts)
  
      def config_number(self, node):
          _server_type, config_number = get_server_number(
              (node['ip'], node['port']), self.ipport2server)
          return config_number
  
      def is_local_to(self, node1, node2):
          """
          Return True if both ring devices are "local" to each other (on the same
          "server".
          """
          if self.servers_per_port:
              return node1['ip'] == node2['ip']
  
          # Without a disambiguating IP, for SAIOs, we have to assume ports
          # uniquely identify "servers".  SAIOs should be configured to *either*
          # have unique IPs per node (e.g. 127.0.0.1, 127.0.0.2, etc.) OR unique
          # ports per server (i.e. sdb1 & sdb5 would have same port numbers in
          # the 8-disk EC ring).
          return node1['port'] == node2['port']
  
      def get_to_final_state(self):
          # these .stop()s are probably not strictly necessary,
          # but may prevent race conditions
          self.replicators.stop()
          self.updaters.stop()
  
          self.replicators.once()
          self.updaters.once()
          self.replicators.once()
  
      def kill_drive(self, device):
          if os.path.ismount(device):
              os.system('sudo umount %s' % device)
          else:
              renamer(device, device + "X")
  
      def revive_drive(self, device):
          disabled_name = device + "X"
          if os.path.isdir(disabled_name):
              renamer(disabled_name, device)
          else:
              os.system('sudo mount %s' % device)
  
      def make_internal_client(self):
          tempdir = mkdtemp()
          try:
              conf_path = os.path.join(tempdir, 'internal_client.conf')
              conf_body = """
              [DEFAULT]
              swift_dir = /etc/swift
  
              [pipeline:main]
              pipeline = catch_errors cache copy proxy-server
  
              [app:proxy-server]
              use = egg:swift#proxy
              allow_account_management = True
  
              [filter:copy]
              use = egg:swift#copy
  
              [filter:cache]
              use = egg:swift#memcache
  
              [filter:catch_errors]
              use = egg:swift#catch_errors
              """
              with open(conf_path, 'w') as f:
                  f.write(dedent(conf_body))
              return internal_client.InternalClient(conf_path, 'test', 1)
          finally:
              shutil.rmtree(tempdir)
  
      def get_all_object_nodes(self):
          """
          Returns a list of all nodes in all object storage policies.
  
          :return: a list of node dicts.
          """
          all_obj_nodes = {}
          for policy in ENABLED_POLICIES:
              for dev in policy.object_ring.devs:
                  all_obj_nodes[dev['device']] = dev
          return all_obj_nodes.values()
  
      def gather_async_pendings(self, onodes):
          """
          Returns a list of paths to async pending files found on given nodes.
  
          :param onodes: a list of nodes.
          :return: a list of file paths.
          """
          async_pendings = []
          for onode in onodes:
              device_dir = self.device_dir(onode)
              for ap_pol_dir in os.listdir(device_dir):
                  if not ap_pol_dir.startswith('async_pending'):
                      # skip 'objects', 'containers', etc.
                      continue
                  async_pending_dir = os.path.join(device_dir, ap_pol_dir)
                  try:
                      ap_dirs = os.listdir(async_pending_dir)
                  except OSError as err:
                      if err.errno == errno.ENOENT:
                          pass
                      else:
                          raise
                  else:
                      for ap_dir in ap_dirs:
                          ap_dir_fullpath = os.path.join(
                              async_pending_dir, ap_dir)
                          async_pendings.extend([
                              os.path.join(ap_dir_fullpath, ent)
                              for ent in os.listdir(ap_dir_fullpath)])
          return async_pendings
  
      def run_custom_daemon(self, klass, conf_section, conf_index,
                            custom_conf, **kwargs):
          conf_file = self.configs[conf_section][conf_index]
          conf = utils.readconf(conf_file, conf_section)
          conf.update(custom_conf)
          # Use a CaptureLogAdapter in order to preserve the pattern of tests
          # calling the log accessor methods (e.g. get_lines_for_level) directly
          # on the logger instance
          with capture_logger(conf, conf.get('log_name', conf_section),
                              log_to_console=kwargs.pop('verbose', False),
                              log_route=conf_section) as log_adapter:
              daemon = klass(conf, log_adapter)
              daemon.run_once(**kwargs)
          return daemon
  
  
  def _get_db_file_path(obj_dir):
      files = sorted(os.listdir(obj_dir), reverse=True)
      for filename in files:
          if filename.endswith('db'):
              return os.path.join(obj_dir, filename)
  
  
  class ReplProbeTest(ProbeTest):
  
      acct_cont_required_replicas = 3
      acct_cont_required_devices = 4
      obj_required_replicas = 3
      obj_required_devices = 4
      policy_requirements = {'policy_type': REPL_POLICY}
  
      def direct_container_op(self, func, account=None, container=None,
                              expect_failure=False):
          account = account if account else self.account
          container = container if container else self.container_to_shard
          cpart, cnodes = self.container_ring.get_nodes(account, container)
          unexpected_responses = []
          results = {}
          for cnode in cnodes:
              try:
                  results[cnode['id']] = func(cnode, cpart, account, container)
              except DirectClientException as err:
                  if not expect_failure:
                      unexpected_responses.append((cnode, err))
              else:
                  if expect_failure:
                      unexpected_responses.append((cnode, 'success'))
          if unexpected_responses:
              self.fail('Unexpected responses: %s' % unexpected_responses)
          return results
  
      def direct_delete_container(self, account=None, container=None,
                                  expect_failure=False):
          self.direct_container_op(direct_client.direct_delete_container,
                                   account, container, expect_failure)
  
      def direct_head_container(self, account=None, container=None,
                                expect_failure=False):
          return self.direct_container_op(direct_client.direct_head_container,
                                          account, container, expect_failure)
  
      def direct_get_container(self, account=None, container=None,
                               expect_failure=False):
          return self.direct_container_op(direct_client.direct_get_container,
                                          account, container, expect_failure)
  
      def get_container_db_files(self, container):
          opart, onodes = self.container_ring.get_nodes(self.account, container)
          onode = onodes[0]
          db_files = []
          for onode in onodes:
              node_id = (onode['port'] % 100) // 10
              device = onode['device']
              hash_str = hash_path(self.account, container)
              server_conf = readconf(self.configs['container-server'][node_id])
              devices = server_conf['app:container-server']['devices']
              obj_dir = '%s/%s/containers/%s/%s/%s/' % (devices,
                                                        device, opart,
                                                        hash_str[-3:], hash_str)
              db_files.append(_get_db_file_path(obj_dir))
  
          return db_files
  
  
  class ECProbeTest(ProbeTest):
  
      acct_cont_required_replicas = 3
      acct_cont_required_devices = 4
      obj_required_replicas = 6
      obj_required_devices = 8
      policy_requirements = {'policy_type': EC_POLICY}
  
      def _make_name(self, prefix):
          return ('%s%s' % (prefix, uuid4())).encode()
  
      def setUp(self):
          super(ECProbeTest, self).setUp()
          self.container_name = self._make_name('container-')
          self.object_name = self._make_name('object-')
          # sanity
          self.assertEqual(self.policy.policy_type, EC_POLICY)
          self.reconstructor = Manager(["object-reconstructor"])
  
      def proxy_put(self, extra_headers=None):
          contents = Body()
          headers = {
              self._make_name('x-object-meta-').decode('utf8'):
                  self._make_name('meta-foo-').decode('utf8'),
          }
          if extra_headers:
              headers.update(extra_headers)
          self.etag = client.put_object(self.url, self.token,
                                        self.container_name,
                                        self.object_name,
                                        contents=contents, headers=headers)
  
      def proxy_get(self):
          # GET object
          headers, body = client.get_object(self.url, self.token,
                                            self.container_name,
                                            self.object_name,
                                            resp_chunk_size=64 * 2 ** 10)
          resp_checksum = md5(usedforsecurity=False)
          for chunk in body:
              resp_checksum.update(chunk)
          return headers, resp_checksum.hexdigest()
  
      def direct_get(self, node, part, require_durable=True, extra_headers=None):
          req_headers = {'X-Backend-Storage-Policy-Index': int(self.policy)}
          if extra_headers:
              req_headers.update(extra_headers)
          if not require_durable:
              req_headers.update(
                  {'X-Backend-Fragment-Preferences': json.dumps([])})
          # node dict has unicode values so utf8 decode our path parts too in
          # case they have non-ascii characters
          if six.PY2:
              acc, con, obj = (s.decode('utf8') for s in (
                  self.account, self.container_name, self.object_name))
          else:
              acc, con, obj = self.account, self.container_name, self.object_name
          headers, data = direct_client.direct_get_object(
              node, part, acc, con, obj, headers=req_headers,
              resp_chunk_size=64 * 2 ** 20)
          hasher = md5(usedforsecurity=False)
          for chunk in data:
              hasher.update(chunk)
          return headers, hasher.hexdigest()
  
      def assert_direct_get_fails(self, onode, opart, status,
                                  require_durable=True):
          try:
              self.direct_get(onode, opart, require_durable=require_durable)
          except direct_client.DirectClientException as err:
              self.assertEqual(err.http_status, status)
              return err
          else:
              self.fail('Node data on %r was not fully destroyed!' % (onode,))
  
      def assert_direct_get_succeeds(self, onode, opart, require_durable=True,
                                     extra_headers=None):
          try:
              return self.direct_get(onode, opart,
                                     require_durable=require_durable,
                                     extra_headers=extra_headers)
          except direct_client.DirectClientException as err:
              self.fail('Node data on %r was not available: %s' % (onode, err))
  
      def break_nodes(self, nodes, opart, failed, non_durable):
          # delete partitions on the failed nodes and remove durable marker from
          # non-durable nodes
          made_non_durable = 0
          for i, node in enumerate(nodes):
              part_dir = self.storage_dir(node, part=opart)
              if i in failed:
                  shutil.rmtree(part_dir, True)
                  try:
                      self.direct_get(node, opart)
                  except direct_client.DirectClientException as err:
                      self.assertEqual(err.http_status, 404)
              elif i in non_durable:
                  for dirs, subdirs, files in os.walk(part_dir):
                      for fname in sorted(files, reverse=True):
                          # make the newest durable be non-durable
                          if fname.endswith('.data'):
                              made_non_durable += 1
                              non_durable_fname = fname.replace('#d', '')
                              os.rename(os.path.join(dirs, fname),
                                        os.path.join(dirs, non_durable_fname))
  
                              break
                  headers, etag = self.direct_get(node, opart,
                                                  require_durable=False)
                  self.assertNotIn('X-Backend-Durable-Timestamp', headers)
              try:
                  os.remove(os.path.join(part_dir, 'hashes.pkl'))
              except OSError as e:
                  if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                      raise
          return made_non_durable
  
      def make_durable(self, nodes, opart):
          # ensure all data files on the specified nodes are durable
          made_durable = 0
          for i, node in enumerate(nodes):
              part_dir = self.storage_dir(node, part=opart)
              for dirs, subdirs, files in os.walk(part_dir):
                  for fname in sorted(files, reverse=True):
                      # make the newest non-durable be durable
                      if (fname.endswith('.data') and
                              not fname.endswith('#d.data')):
                          made_durable += 1
                          non_durable_fname = fname.replace('.data', '#d.data')
                          os.rename(os.path.join(dirs, fname),
                                    os.path.join(dirs, non_durable_fname))
  
                          break
              headers, etag = self.assert_direct_get_succeeds(node, opart)
              self.assertIn('X-Backend-Durable-Timestamp', headers)
              try:
                  os.remove(os.path.join(part_dir, 'hashes.pkl'))
              except OSError as e:
                  if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                      raise
          return made_durable
  
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
      for server in ('account', 'container'):
          try:
              get_ring(server, 3, 4,
                       force_validate=True)
          except unittest.SkipTest as err:
              sys.exit('%s ERROR: %s' % (server, err))
          print('%s OK' % server)
      for policy in POLICIES:
          try:
              get_ring(policy.ring_name, 3, 4,
                       server='object', force_validate=True)
          except unittest.SkipTest as err:
              sys.exit('object ERROR (%s): %s' % (policy.name, err))
          print('object OK (%s)' % policy.name)
  