text: # tests common to dict and UserDict
  import unittest
  import collections
  
  
  class BasicTestMappingProtocol(unittest.TestCase):
      # This base class can be used to check that an object conforms to the
      # mapping protocol
  
      # Functions that can be useful to override to adapt to dictionary
      # semantics
      type2test = None # which class is being tested (overwrite in subclasses)
  
      def _reference(self):
          """Return a dictionary of values which are invariant by storage
          in the object under test."""
          return {1:2, "key1":"value1", "key2":(1,2,3)}
      def _empty_mapping(self):
          """Return an empty mapping object"""
          return self.type2test()
      def _full_mapping(self, data):
          """Return a mapping object with the value contained in data
          dictionary"""
          x = self._empty_mapping()
          for key, value in data.items():
              x[key] = value
          return x
  
      def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
          unittest.TestCase.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
          self.reference = self._reference().copy()
  
          # A (key, value) pair not in the mapping
          key, value = self.reference.popitem()
          self.other = {key:value}
  
          # A (key, value) pair in the mapping
          key, value = self.reference.popitem()
          self.inmapping = {key:value}
          self.reference[key] = value
  
      def test_read(self):
          # Test for read only operations on mapping
          p = self._empty_mapping()
          p1 = dict(p) #workaround for singleton objects
          d = self._full_mapping(self.reference)
          if d is p:
              p = p1
          #Indexing
          for key, value in self.reference.items():
              self.assertEqual(d[key], value)
          knownkey = list(self.other.keys())[0]
          self.assertRaises(KeyError, lambda:d[knownkey])
          #len
          self.assertEqual(len(p), 0)
          self.assertEqual(len(d), len(self.reference))
          #__contains__
          for k in self.reference:
              self.assertIn(k, d)
          for k in self.other:
              self.assertNotIn(k, d)
          #cmp
          self.assertEqual(p, p)
          self.assertEqual(d, d)
          self.assertNotEqual(p, d)
          self.assertNotEqual(d, p)
          #__non__zero__
          if p: self.fail("Empty mapping must compare to False")
          if not d: self.fail("Full mapping must compare to True")
          # keys(), items(), iterkeys() ...
          def check_iterandlist(iter, lst, ref):
              self.assertTrue(hasattr(iter, '__next__'))
              self.assertTrue(hasattr(iter, '__iter__'))
              x = list(iter)
              self.assertTrue(set(x)==set(lst)==set(ref))
          check_iterandlist(iter(d.keys()), list(d.keys()),
                            self.reference.keys())
          check_iterandlist(iter(d), list(d.keys()), self.reference.keys())
          check_iterandlist(iter(d.values()), list(d.values()),
                            self.reference.values())
          check_iterandlist(iter(d.items()), list(d.items()),
                            self.reference.items())
          #get
          key, value = next(iter(d.items()))
          knownkey, knownvalue = next(iter(self.other.items()))
          self.assertEqual(d.get(key, knownvalue), value)
          self.assertEqual(d.get(knownkey, knownvalue), knownvalue)
          self.assertNotIn(knownkey, d)
  
      def test_write(self):
          # Test for write operations on mapping
          p = self._empty_mapping()
          #Indexing
          for key, value in self.reference.items():
              p[key] = value
              self.assertEqual(p[key], value)
          for key in self.reference.keys():
              del p[key]
              self.assertRaises(KeyError, lambda:p[key])
          p = self._empty_mapping()
          #update
          p.update(self.reference)
          self.assertEqual(dict(p), self.reference)
          items = list(p.items())
          p = self._empty_mapping()
          p.update(items)
          self.assertEqual(dict(p), self.reference)
          d = self._full_mapping(self.reference)
          #setdefault
          key, value = next(iter(d.items()))
          knownkey, knownvalue = next(iter(self.other.items()))
          self.assertEqual(d.setdefault(key, knownvalue), value)
          self.assertEqual(d[key], value)
          self.assertEqual(d.setdefault(knownkey, knownvalue), knownvalue)
          self.assertEqual(d[knownkey], knownvalue)
          #pop
          self.assertEqual(d.pop(knownkey), knownvalue)
          self.assertNotIn(knownkey, d)
          self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.pop, knownkey)
          default = 909
          d[knownkey] = knownvalue
          self.assertEqual(d.pop(knownkey, default), knownvalue)
          self.assertNotIn(knownkey, d)
          self.assertEqual(d.pop(knownkey, default), default)
          #popitem
          key, value = d.popitem()
          self.assertNotIn(key, d)
          self.assertEqual(value, self.reference[key])
          p=self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertRaises(KeyError, p.popitem)
  
      def test_constructor(self):
          self.assertEqual(self._empty_mapping(), self._empty_mapping())
  
      def test_bool(self):
          self.assertTrue(not self._empty_mapping())
          self.assertTrue(self.reference)
          self.assertTrue(bool(self._empty_mapping()) is False)
          self.assertTrue(bool(self.reference) is True)
  
      def test_keys(self):
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertEqual(list(d.keys()), [])
          d = self.reference
          self.assertIn(list(self.inmapping.keys())[0], d.keys())
          self.assertNotIn(list(self.other.keys())[0], d.keys())
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.keys, None)
  
      def test_values(self):
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertEqual(list(d.values()), [])
  
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.values, None)
  
      def test_items(self):
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertEqual(list(d.items()), [])
  
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.items, None)
  
      def test_len(self):
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertEqual(len(d), 0)
  
      def test_getitem(self):
          d = self.reference
          self.assertEqual(d[list(self.inmapping.keys())[0]],
                           list(self.inmapping.values())[0])
  
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__getitem__)
  
      def test_update(self):
          # mapping argument
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          d.update(self.other)
          self.assertEqual(list(d.items()), list(self.other.items()))
  
          # No argument
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          d.update()
          self.assertEqual(d, self._empty_mapping())
  
          # item sequence
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          d.update(self.other.items())
          self.assertEqual(list(d.items()), list(self.other.items()))
  
          # Iterator
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          d.update(self.other.items())
          self.assertEqual(list(d.items()), list(self.other.items()))
  
          # FIXME: Doesn't work with UserDict
          # self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), d.update, None)
          self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), d.update, 42)
  
          outerself = self
          class SimpleUserDict:
              def __init__(self):
                  self.d = outerself.reference
              def keys(self):
                  return self.d.keys()
              def __getitem__(self, i):
                  return self.d[i]
          d.clear()
          d.update(SimpleUserDict())
          i1 = sorted(d.items())
          i2 = sorted(self.reference.items())
          self.assertEqual(i1, i2)
  
          class Exc(Exception): pass
  
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          class FailingUserDict:
              def keys(self):
                  raise Exc
          self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict())
  
          d.clear()
  
          class FailingUserDict:
              def keys(self):
                  class BogonIter:
                      def __init__(self):
                          self.i = 1
                      def __iter__(self):
                          return self
                      def __next__(self):
                          if self.i:
                              self.i = 0
                              return 'a'
                          raise Exc
                  return BogonIter()
              def __getitem__(self, key):
                  return key
          self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict())
  
          class FailingUserDict:
              def keys(self):
                  class BogonIter:
                      def __init__(self):
                          self.i = ord('a')
                      def __iter__(self):
                          return self
                      def __next__(self):
                          if self.i <= ord('z'):
                              rtn = chr(self.i)
                              self.i += 1
                              return rtn
                          raise StopIteration
                  return BogonIter()
              def __getitem__(self, key):
                  raise Exc
          self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict())
  
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          class badseq(object):
              def __iter__(self):
                  return self
              def __next__(self):
                  raise Exc()
  
          self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, badseq())
  
          self.assertRaises(ValueError, d.update, [(1, 2, 3)])
  
      # no test_fromkeys or test_copy as both os.environ and selves don't support it
  
      def test_get(self):
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertTrue(d.get(list(self.other.keys())[0]) is None)
          self.assertEqual(d.get(list(self.other.keys())[0], 3), 3)
          d = self.reference
          self.assertTrue(d.get(list(self.other.keys())[0]) is None)
          self.assertEqual(d.get(list(self.other.keys())[0], 3), 3)
          self.assertEqual(d.get(list(self.inmapping.keys())[0]),
                           list(self.inmapping.values())[0])
          self.assertEqual(d.get(list(self.inmapping.keys())[0], 3),
                           list(self.inmapping.values())[0])
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.get)
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.get, None, None, None)
  
      def test_setdefault(self):
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.setdefault)
  
      def test_popitem(self):
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.popitem)
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.popitem, 42)
  
      def test_pop(self):
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          k, v = list(self.inmapping.items())[0]
          d[k] = v
          self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.pop, list(self.other.keys())[0])
  
          self.assertEqual(d.pop(k), v)
          self.assertEqual(len(d), 0)
  
          self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.pop, k)
  
  
  class TestMappingProtocol(BasicTestMappingProtocol):
      def test_constructor(self):
          BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_constructor(self)
          self.assertTrue(self._empty_mapping() is not self._empty_mapping())
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test(x=1, y=2), {"x": 1, "y": 2})
  
      def test_bool(self):
          BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_bool(self)
          self.assertTrue(not self._empty_mapping())
          self.assertTrue(self._full_mapping({"x": "y"}))
          self.assertTrue(bool(self._empty_mapping()) is False)
          self.assertTrue(bool(self._full_mapping({"x": "y"})) is True)
  
      def test_keys(self):
          BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_keys(self)
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertEqual(list(d.keys()), [])
          d = self._full_mapping({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
          k = d.keys()
          self.assertIn('a', k)
          self.assertIn('b', k)
          self.assertNotIn('c', k)
  
      def test_values(self):
          BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_values(self)
          d = self._full_mapping({1:2})
          self.assertEqual(list(d.values()), [2])
  
      def test_items(self):
          BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_items(self)
  
          d = self._full_mapping({1:2})
          self.assertEqual(list(d.items()), [(1, 2)])
  
      def test_contains(self):
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertNotIn('a', d)
          self.assertTrue(not ('a' in d))
          self.assertTrue('a' not in d)
          d = self._full_mapping({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
          self.assertIn('a', d)
          self.assertIn('b', d)
          self.assertNotIn('c', d)
  
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__contains__)
  
      def test_len(self):
          BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_len(self)
          d = self._full_mapping({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
          self.assertEqual(len(d), 2)
  
      def test_getitem(self):
          BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_getitem(self)
          d = self._full_mapping({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
          self.assertEqual(d['a'], 1)
          self.assertEqual(d['b'], 2)
          d['c'] = 3
          d['a'] = 4
          self.assertEqual(d['c'], 3)
          self.assertEqual(d['a'], 4)
          del d['b']
          self.assertEqual(d, {'a': 4, 'c': 3})
  
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__getitem__)
  
      def test_clear(self):
          d = self._full_mapping({1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
          d.clear()
          self.assertEqual(d, {})
  
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.clear, None)
  
      def test_update(self):
          BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_update(self)
          # mapping argument
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          d.update({1:100})
          d.update({2:20})
          d.update({1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
          self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
  
          # no argument
          d.update()
          self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
  
          # keyword arguments
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          d.update(x=100)
          d.update(y=20)
          d.update(x=1, y=2, z=3)
          self.assertEqual(d, {"x":1, "y":2, "z":3})
  
          # item sequence
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          d.update([("x", 100), ("y", 20)])
          self.assertEqual(d, {"x":100, "y":20})
  
          # Both item sequence and keyword arguments
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          d.update([("x", 100), ("y", 20)], x=1, y=2)
          self.assertEqual(d, {"x":1, "y":2})
  
          # iterator
          d = self._full_mapping({1:3, 2:4})
          d.update(self._full_mapping({1:2, 3:4, 5:6}).items())
          self.assertEqual(d, {1:2, 2:4, 3:4, 5:6})
  
          class SimpleUserDict:
              def __init__(self):
                  self.d = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}
              def keys(self):
                  return self.d.keys()
              def __getitem__(self, i):
                  return self.d[i]
          d.clear()
          d.update(SimpleUserDict())
          self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
  
      def test_fromkeys(self):
          self.assertEqual(self.type2test.fromkeys('abc'), {'a':None, 'b':None, 'c':None})
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertTrue(not(d.fromkeys('abc') is d))
          self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys('abc'), {'a':None, 'b':None, 'c':None})
          self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys((4,5),0), {4:0, 5:0})
          self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys([]), {})
          def g():
              yield 1
          self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys(g()), {1:None})
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, {}.fromkeys, 3)
          class dictlike(self.type2test): pass
          self.assertEqual(dictlike.fromkeys('a'), {'a':None})
          self.assertEqual(dictlike().fromkeys('a'), {'a':None})
          self.assertTrue(dictlike.fromkeys('a').__class__ is dictlike)
          self.assertTrue(dictlike().fromkeys('a').__class__ is dictlike)
          self.assertTrue(type(dictlike.fromkeys('a')) is dictlike)
          class mydict(self.type2test):
              def __new__(cls):
                  return collections.UserDict()
          ud = mydict.fromkeys('ab')
          self.assertEqual(ud, {'a':None, 'b':None})
          self.assertIsInstance(ud, collections.UserDict)
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, dict.fromkeys)
  
          class Exc(Exception): pass
  
          class baddict1(self.type2test):
              def __init__(self):
                  raise Exc()
  
          self.assertRaises(Exc, baddict1.fromkeys, [1])
  
          class BadSeq(object):
              def __iter__(self):
                  return self
              def __next__(self):
                  raise Exc()
  
          self.assertRaises(Exc, self.type2test.fromkeys, BadSeq())
  
          class baddict2(self.type2test):
              def __setitem__(self, key, value):
                  raise Exc()
  
          self.assertRaises(Exc, baddict2.fromkeys, [1])
  
      def test_copy(self):
          d = self._full_mapping({1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
          self.assertEqual(d.copy(), {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertEqual(d.copy(), d)
          self.assertIsInstance(d.copy(), d.__class__)
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.copy, None)
  
      def test_get(self):
          BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_get(self)
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertTrue(d.get('c') is None)
          self.assertEqual(d.get('c', 3), 3)
          d = self._full_mapping({'a' : 1, 'b' : 2})
          self.assertTrue(d.get('c') is None)
          self.assertEqual(d.get('c', 3), 3)
          self.assertEqual(d.get('a'), 1)
          self.assertEqual(d.get('a', 3), 1)
  
      def test_setdefault(self):
          BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_setdefault(self)
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertTrue(d.setdefault('key0') is None)
          d.setdefault('key0', [])
          self.assertTrue(d.setdefault('key0') is None)
          d.setdefault('key', []).append(3)
          self.assertEqual(d['key'][0], 3)
          d.setdefault('key', []).append(4)
          self.assertEqual(len(d['key']), 2)
  
      def test_popitem(self):
          BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_popitem(self)
          for copymode in -1, +1:
              # -1: b has same structure as a
              # +1: b is a.copy()
              for log2size in range(12):
                  size = 2**log2size
                  a = self._empty_mapping()
                  b = self._empty_mapping()
                  for i in range(size):
                      a[repr(i)] = i
                      if copymode < 0:
                          b[repr(i)] = i
                  if copymode > 0:
                      b = a.copy()
                  for i in range(size):
                      ka, va = ta = a.popitem()
                      self.assertEqual(va, int(ka))
                      kb, vb = tb = b.popitem()
                      self.assertEqual(vb, int(kb))
                      self.assertTrue(not(copymode < 0 and ta != tb))
                  self.assertTrue(not a)
                  self.assertTrue(not b)
  
      def test_pop(self):
          BasicTestMappingProtocol.test_pop(self)
  
          # Tests for pop with specified key
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          k, v = 'abc', 'def'
  
          self.assertEqual(d.pop(k, v), v)
          d[k] = v
          self.assertEqual(d.pop(k, 1), v)
  
  
  class TestHashMappingProtocol(TestMappingProtocol):
  
      def test_getitem(self):
          TestMappingProtocol.test_getitem(self)
          class Exc(Exception): pass
  
          class BadEq(object):
              def __eq__(self, other):
                  raise Exc()
              def __hash__(self):
                  return 24
  
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          d[BadEq()] = 42
          self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.__getitem__, 23)
  
          class BadHash(object):
              fail = False
              def __hash__(self):
                  if self.fail:
                      raise Exc()
                  else:
                      return 42
  
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          x = BadHash()
          d[x] = 42
          x.fail = True
          self.assertRaises(Exc, d.__getitem__, x)
  
      def test_fromkeys(self):
          TestMappingProtocol.test_fromkeys(self)
          class mydict(self.type2test):
              def __new__(cls):
                  return collections.UserDict()
          ud = mydict.fromkeys('ab')
          self.assertEqual(ud, {'a':None, 'b':None})
          self.assertIsInstance(ud, collections.UserDict)
  
      def test_pop(self):
          TestMappingProtocol.test_pop(self)
  
          class Exc(Exception): pass
  
          class BadHash(object):
              fail = False
              def __hash__(self):
                  if self.fail:
                      raise Exc()
                  else:
                      return 42
  
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          x = BadHash()
          d[x] = 42
          x.fail = True
          self.assertRaises(Exc, d.pop, x)
  
      def test_mutatingiteration(self):
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          d[1] = 1
          try:
              for i in d:
                  d[i+1] = 1
          except RuntimeError:
              pass
          else:
              self.fail("changing dict size during iteration doesn't raise Error")
  
      def test_repr(self):
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{}')
          d[1] = 2
          self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{1: 2}')
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          d[1] = d
          self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{1: {...}}')
  
          class Exc(Exception): pass
  
          class BadRepr(object):
              def __repr__(self):
                  raise Exc()
  
          d = self._full_mapping({1: BadRepr()})
          self.assertRaises(Exc, repr, d)
  
      def test_eq(self):
          self.assertEqual(self._empty_mapping(), self._empty_mapping())
          self.assertEqual(self._full_mapping({1: 2}),
                           self._full_mapping({1: 2}))
  
          class Exc(Exception): pass
  
          class BadCmp(object):
              def __eq__(self, other):
                  raise Exc()
              def __hash__(self):
                  return 1
  
          d1 = self._full_mapping({BadCmp(): 1})
          d2 = self._full_mapping({1: 1})
          self.assertRaises(Exc, lambda: BadCmp()==1)
          self.assertRaises(Exc, lambda: d1==d2)
  
      def test_setdefault(self):
          TestMappingProtocol.test_setdefault(self)
  
          class Exc(Exception): pass
  
          class BadHash(object):
              fail = False
              def __hash__(self):
                  if self.fail:
                      raise Exc()
                  else:
                      return 42
  
          d = self._empty_mapping()
          x = BadHash()
          d[x] = 42
          x.fail = True
          self.assertRaises(Exc, d.setdefault, x, [])
  