text: /*
   *
   * Copyright 2015 gRPC authors.
   *
   * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   * You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   *
   */
  
  #include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
  
  #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/port.h"
  
  #ifdef GRPC_WINSOCK_SOCKET
  
  #include <limits.h>
  
  #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr_windows.h"
  
  #include <grpc/slice_buffer.h>
  #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
  #include <grpc/support/log.h>
  #include <grpc/support/log_windows.h>
  #include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
  
  #include "src/core/lib/gpr/useful.h"
  #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/iocp_windows.h"
  #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr.h"
  #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/sockaddr_utils.h"
  #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_windows.h"
  #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/tcp_client.h"
  #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/tcp_windows.h"
  #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/timer.h"
  #include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
  #include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_string_helpers.h"
  
  #if defined(__MSYS__) && defined(GPR_ARCH_64)
  /* Nasty workaround for nasty bug when using the 64 bits msys compiler
     in conjunction with Microsoft Windows headers. */
  #define GRPC_FIONBIO _IOW('f', 126, uint32_t)
  #else
  #define GRPC_FIONBIO FIONBIO
  #endif
  
  extern grpc_core::TraceFlag grpc_tcp_trace;
  
  grpc_error* grpc_tcp_set_non_block(SOCKET sock) {
    int status;
    uint32_t param = 1;
    DWORD ret;
    status = WSAIoctl(sock, GRPC_FIONBIO, &param, sizeof(param), NULL, 0, &ret,
                      NULL, NULL);
    return status == 0
               ? GRPC_ERROR_NONE
               : GRPC_WSA_ERROR(WSAGetLastError(), "WSAIoctl(GRPC_FIONBIO)");
  }
  
  static grpc_error* set_dualstack(SOCKET sock) {
    int status;
    unsigned long param = 0;
    status = setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, (const char*)&param,
                        sizeof(param));
    return status == 0
               ? GRPC_ERROR_NONE
               : GRPC_WSA_ERROR(WSAGetLastError(), "setsockopt(IPV6_V6ONLY)");
  }
  
  static grpc_error* enable_socket_low_latency(SOCKET sock) {
    int status;
    BOOL param = TRUE;
    status = ::setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY,
                          reinterpret_cast<char*>(&param), sizeof(param));
    if (status == SOCKET_ERROR) {
      status = WSAGetLastError();
    }
    return status == 0 ? GRPC_ERROR_NONE
                       : GRPC_WSA_ERROR(status, "setsockopt(TCP_NODELAY)");
  }
  
  grpc_error* grpc_tcp_prepare_socket(SOCKET sock) {
    grpc_error* err;
    err = grpc_tcp_set_non_block(sock);
    if (err != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return err;
    err = set_dualstack(sock);
    if (err != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return err;
    err = enable_socket_low_latency(sock);
    if (err != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return err;
    return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
  }
  
  typedef struct grpc_tcp {
    /* This is our C++ class derivation emulation. */
    grpc_endpoint base;
    /* The one socket this endpoint is using. */
    grpc_winsocket* socket;
    /* Refcounting how many operations are in progress. */
    gpr_refcount refcount;
  
    grpc_closure on_read;
    grpc_closure on_write;
  
    grpc_closure* read_cb;
    grpc_closure* write_cb;
  
    /* garbage after the last read */
    grpc_slice_buffer last_read_buffer;
  
    grpc_slice_buffer* write_slices;
    grpc_slice_buffer* read_slices;
  
    grpc_resource_user* resource_user;
  
    /* The IO Completion Port runs from another thread. We need some mechanism
       to protect ourselves when requesting a shutdown. */
    gpr_mu mu;
    int shutting_down;
    grpc_error* shutdown_error;
  
    std::string peer_string;
    std::string local_address;
  } grpc_tcp;
  
  static void tcp_free(grpc_tcp* tcp) {
    grpc_winsocket_destroy(tcp->socket);
    gpr_mu_destroy(&tcp->mu);
    grpc_slice_buffer_destroy_internal(&tcp->last_read_buffer);
    grpc_resource_user_unref(tcp->resource_user);
    if (tcp->shutting_down) GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(tcp->shutdown_error);
    delete tcp;
  }
  
  #ifndef NDEBUG
  #define TCP_UNREF(tcp, reason) tcp_unref((tcp), (reason), __FILE__, __LINE__)
  #define TCP_REF(tcp, reason) tcp_ref((tcp), (reason), __FILE__, __LINE__)
  static void tcp_unref(grpc_tcp* tcp, const char* reason, const char* file,
                        int line) {
    if (grpc_tcp_trace.enabled()) {
      gpr_atm val = gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&tcp->refcount.count);
      gpr_log(file, line, GPR_LOG_SEVERITY_DEBUG,
              "TCP unref %p : %s %" PRIdPTR " -> %" PRIdPTR, tcp, reason, val,
              val - 1);
    }
    if (gpr_unref(&tcp->refcount)) {
      tcp_free(tcp);
    }
  }
  
  static void tcp_ref(grpc_tcp* tcp, const char* reason, const char* file,
                      int line) {
    if (grpc_tcp_trace.enabled()) {
      gpr_atm val = gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&tcp->refcount.count);
      gpr_log(file, line, GPR_LOG_SEVERITY_DEBUG,
              "TCP   ref %p : %s %" PRIdPTR " -> %" PRIdPTR, tcp, reason, val,
              val + 1);
    }
    gpr_ref(&tcp->refcount);
  }
  #else
  #define TCP_UNREF(tcp, reason) tcp_unref((tcp))
  #define TCP_REF(tcp, reason) tcp_ref((tcp))
  static void tcp_unref(grpc_tcp* tcp) {
    if (gpr_unref(&tcp->refcount)) {
      tcp_free(tcp);
    }
  }
  
  static void tcp_ref(grpc_tcp* tcp) { gpr_ref(&tcp->refcount); }
  #endif
  
  /* Asynchronous callback from the IOCP, or the background thread. */
  static void on_read(void* tcpp, grpc_error* error) {
    grpc_tcp* tcp = (grpc_tcp*)tcpp;
    grpc_closure* cb = tcp->read_cb;
    grpc_winsocket* socket = tcp->socket;
    grpc_winsocket_callback_info* info = &socket->read_info;
  
    if (grpc_tcp_trace.enabled()) {
      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "TCP:%p on_read", tcp);
    }
  
    GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);
  
    if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
      if (info->wsa_error != 0 && !tcp->shutting_down) {
        char* utf8_message = gpr_format_message(info->wsa_error);
        error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_COPIED_STRING(utf8_message);
        gpr_free(utf8_message);
        grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(tcp->read_slices);
      } else {
        if (info->bytes_transferred != 0 && !tcp->shutting_down) {
          GPR_ASSERT((size_t)info->bytes_transferred <= tcp->read_slices->length);
          if (static_cast<size_t>(info->bytes_transferred) !=
              tcp->read_slices->length) {
            grpc_slice_buffer_trim_end(
                tcp->read_slices,
                tcp->read_slices->length -
                    static_cast<size_t>(info->bytes_transferred),
                &tcp->last_read_buffer);
          }
          GPR_ASSERT((size_t)info->bytes_transferred == tcp->read_slices->length);
  
          if (grpc_tcp_trace.enabled()) {
            size_t i;
            for (i = 0; i < tcp->read_slices->count; i++) {
              char* dump = grpc_dump_slice(tcp->read_slices->slices[i],
                                           GPR_DUMP_HEX | GPR_DUMP_ASCII);
              gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "READ %p (peer=%s): %s", tcp,
                      tcp->peer_string.c_str(), dump);
              gpr_free(dump);
            }
          }
        } else {
          if (grpc_tcp_trace.enabled()) {
            gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "TCP:%p unref read_slice", tcp);
          }
          grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(tcp->read_slices);
          error = tcp->shutting_down
                      ? GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
                            "TCP stream shutting down", &tcp->shutdown_error, 1)
                      : GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("End of TCP stream");
        }
      }
    }
  
    tcp->read_cb = NULL;
    TCP_UNREF(tcp, "read");
    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, cb, error);
  }
  
  #define DEFAULT_TARGET_READ_SIZE 8192
  #define MAX_WSABUF_COUNT 16
  static void win_read(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_slice_buffer* read_slices,
                       grpc_closure* cb, bool urgent) {
    grpc_tcp* tcp = (grpc_tcp*)ep;
    grpc_winsocket* handle = tcp->socket;
    grpc_winsocket_callback_info* info = &handle->read_info;
    int status;
    DWORD bytes_read = 0;
    DWORD flags = 0;
    WSABUF buffers[MAX_WSABUF_COUNT];
    size_t i;
  
    if (grpc_tcp_trace.enabled()) {
      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "TCP:%p win_read", tcp);
    }
  
    if (tcp->shutting_down) {
      grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(
          DEBUG_LOCATION, cb,
          GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
              "TCP socket is shutting down", &tcp->shutdown_error, 1));
      return;
    }
  
    tcp->read_cb = cb;
    tcp->read_slices = read_slices;
    grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(read_slices);
    grpc_slice_buffer_swap(read_slices, &tcp->last_read_buffer);
  
    if (tcp->read_slices->length < DEFAULT_TARGET_READ_SIZE / 2 &&
        tcp->read_slices->count < MAX_WSABUF_COUNT) {
      // TODO(jtattermusch): slice should be allocated using resource quota
      grpc_slice_buffer_add(tcp->read_slices,
                            GRPC_SLICE_MALLOC(DEFAULT_TARGET_READ_SIZE));
    }
  
    GPR_ASSERT(tcp->read_slices->count <= MAX_WSABUF_COUNT);
    for (i = 0; i < tcp->read_slices->count; i++) {
      buffers[i].len = (ULONG)GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(
          tcp->read_slices->slices[i]);  // we know slice size fits in 32bit.
      buffers[i].buf = (char*)GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(tcp->read_slices->slices[i]);
    }
  
    TCP_REF(tcp, "read");
  
    /* First let's try a synchronous, non-blocking read. */
    status = WSARecv(tcp->socket->socket, buffers, (DWORD)tcp->read_slices->count,
                     &bytes_read, &flags, NULL, NULL);
    info->wsa_error = status == 0 ? 0 : WSAGetLastError();
  
    /* Did we get data immediately ? Yay. */
    if (info->wsa_error != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
      info->bytes_transferred = bytes_read;
      grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, &tcp->on_read, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
      return;
    }
  
    /* Otherwise, let's retry, by queuing a read. */
    memset(&tcp->socket->read_info.overlapped, 0, sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
    status = WSARecv(tcp->socket->socket, buffers, (DWORD)tcp->read_slices->count,
                     &bytes_read, &flags, &info->overlapped, NULL);
  
    if (status != 0) {
      int wsa_error = WSAGetLastError();
      if (wsa_error != WSA_IO_PENDING) {
        info->wsa_error = wsa_error;
        grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, &tcp->on_read,
                                GRPC_WSA_ERROR(info->wsa_error, "WSARecv"));
        return;
      }
    }
  
    grpc_socket_notify_on_read(tcp->socket, &tcp->on_read);
  }
  
  /* Asynchronous callback from the IOCP, or the background thread. */
  static void on_write(void* tcpp, grpc_error* error) {
    grpc_tcp* tcp = (grpc_tcp*)tcpp;
    grpc_winsocket* handle = tcp->socket;
    grpc_winsocket_callback_info* info = &handle->write_info;
    grpc_closure* cb;
  
    if (grpc_tcp_trace.enabled()) {
      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "TCP:%p on_write", tcp);
    }
  
    GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);
  
    gpr_mu_lock(&tcp->mu);
    cb = tcp->write_cb;
    tcp->write_cb = NULL;
    gpr_mu_unlock(&tcp->mu);
  
    if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
      if (info->wsa_error != 0) {
        error = GRPC_WSA_ERROR(info->wsa_error, "WSASend");
      } else {
        GPR_ASSERT(info->bytes_transferred == tcp->write_slices->length);
      }
    }
  
    TCP_UNREF(tcp, "write");
    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, cb, error);
  }
  
  /* Initiates a write. */
  static void win_write(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_slice_buffer* slices,
                        grpc_closure* cb, void* arg) {
    grpc_tcp* tcp = (grpc_tcp*)ep;
    grpc_winsocket* socket = tcp->socket;
    grpc_winsocket_callback_info* info = &socket->write_info;
    unsigned i;
    DWORD bytes_sent;
    int status;
    WSABUF local_buffers[MAX_WSABUF_COUNT];
    WSABUF* allocated = NULL;
    WSABUF* buffers = local_buffers;
    size_t len;
  
    if (grpc_tcp_trace.enabled()) {
      size_t i;
      for (i = 0; i < slices->count; i++) {
        char* data =
            grpc_dump_slice(slices->slices[i], GPR_DUMP_HEX | GPR_DUMP_ASCII);
        gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "WRITE %p (peer=%s): %s", tcp, tcp->peer_string.c_str(),
                data);
        gpr_free(data);
      }
    }
  
    if (tcp->shutting_down) {
      grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(
          DEBUG_LOCATION, cb,
          GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
              "TCP socket is shutting down", &tcp->shutdown_error, 1));
      return;
    }
  
    tcp->write_cb = cb;
    tcp->write_slices = slices;
    GPR_ASSERT(tcp->write_slices->count <= UINT_MAX);
    if (tcp->write_slices->count > GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(local_buffers)) {
      buffers = (WSABUF*)gpr_malloc(sizeof(WSABUF) * tcp->write_slices->count);
      allocated = buffers;
    }
  
    for (i = 0; i < tcp->write_slices->count; i++) {
      len = GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(tcp->write_slices->slices[i]);
      GPR_ASSERT(len <= ULONG_MAX);
      buffers[i].len = (ULONG)len;
      buffers[i].buf = (char*)GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(tcp->write_slices->slices[i]);
    }
  
    /* First, let's try a synchronous, non-blocking write. */
    status = WSASend(socket->socket, buffers, (DWORD)tcp->write_slices->count,
                     &bytes_sent, 0, NULL, NULL);
    info->wsa_error = status == 0 ? 0 : WSAGetLastError();
  
    /* We would kind of expect to get a WSAEWOULDBLOCK here, especially on a busy
       connection that has its send queue filled up. But if we don't, then we can
       avoid doing an async write operation at all. */
    if (info->wsa_error != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
      grpc_error* error = status == 0
                              ? GRPC_ERROR_NONE
                              : GRPC_WSA_ERROR(info->wsa_error, "WSASend");
      grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, cb, error);
      if (allocated) gpr_free(allocated);
      return;
    }
  
    TCP_REF(tcp, "write");
  
    /* If we got a WSAEWOULDBLOCK earlier, then we need to re-do the same
       operation, this time asynchronously. */
    memset(&socket->write_info.overlapped, 0, sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
    status = WSASend(socket->socket, buffers, (DWORD)tcp->write_slices->count,
                     &bytes_sent, 0, &socket->write_info.overlapped, NULL);
    if (allocated) gpr_free(allocated);
  
    if (status != 0) {
      int wsa_error = WSAGetLastError();
      if (wsa_error != WSA_IO_PENDING) {
        TCP_UNREF(tcp, "write");
        grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, cb,
                                GRPC_WSA_ERROR(wsa_error, "WSASend"));
        return;
      }
    }
  
    /* As all is now setup, we can now ask for the IOCP notification. It may
       trigger the callback immediately however, but no matter. */
    grpc_socket_notify_on_write(socket, &tcp->on_write);
  }
  
  static void win_add_to_pollset(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_pollset* ps) {
    grpc_tcp* tcp;
    (void)ps;
    tcp = (grpc_tcp*)ep;
    grpc_iocp_add_socket(tcp->socket);
  }
  
  static void win_add_to_pollset_set(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_pollset_set* pss) {
    grpc_tcp* tcp;
    (void)pss;
    tcp = (grpc_tcp*)ep;
    grpc_iocp_add_socket(tcp->socket);
  }
  
  static void win_delete_from_pollset_set(grpc_endpoint* ep,
                                          grpc_pollset_set* pss) {}
  
  /* Initiates a shutdown of the TCP endpoint. This will queue abort callbacks
     for the potential read and write operations. It is up to the caller to
     guarantee this isn't called in parallel to a read or write request, so
     we're not going to protect against these. However the IO Completion Port
     callback will happen from another thread, so we need to protect against
     concurrent access of the data structure in that regard. */
  static void win_shutdown(grpc_endpoint* ep, grpc_error* why) {
    grpc_tcp* tcp = (grpc_tcp*)ep;
    gpr_mu_lock(&tcp->mu);
    /* At that point, what may happen is that we're already inside the IOCP
       callback. See the comments in on_read and on_write. */
    if (!tcp->shutting_down) {
      tcp->shutting_down = 1;
      tcp->shutdown_error = why;
    } else {
      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(why);
    }
    grpc_winsocket_shutdown(tcp->socket);
    gpr_mu_unlock(&tcp->mu);
    grpc_resource_user_shutdown(tcp->resource_user);
  }
  
  static void win_destroy(grpc_endpoint* ep) {
    grpc_tcp* tcp = (grpc_tcp*)ep;
    grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(&tcp->last_read_buffer);
    TCP_UNREF(tcp, "destroy");
  }
  
  static absl::string_view win_get_peer(grpc_endpoint* ep) {
    grpc_tcp* tcp = (grpc_tcp*)ep;
    return tcp->peer_string;
  }
  
  static absl::string_view win_get_local_address(grpc_endpoint* ep) {
    grpc_tcp* tcp = (grpc_tcp*)ep;
    return tcp->local_address;
  }
  
  static grpc_resource_user* win_get_resource_user(grpc_endpoint* ep) {
    grpc_tcp* tcp = (grpc_tcp*)ep;
    return tcp->resource_user;
  }
  
  static int win_get_fd(grpc_endpoint* ep) { return -1; }
  
  static bool win_can_track_err(grpc_endpoint* ep) { return false; }
  
  static grpc_endpoint_vtable vtable = {win_read,
                                        win_write,
                                        win_add_to_pollset,
                                        win_add_to_pollset_set,
                                        win_delete_from_pollset_set,
                                        win_shutdown,
                                        win_destroy,
                                        win_get_resource_user,
                                        win_get_peer,
                                        win_get_local_address,
                                        win_get_fd,
                                        win_can_track_err};
  
  grpc_endpoint* grpc_tcp_create(grpc_winsocket* socket,
                                 grpc_channel_args* channel_args,
                                 const char* peer_string) {
    grpc_resource_quota* resource_quota = grpc_resource_quota_create(NULL);
    if (channel_args != NULL) {
      for (size_t i = 0; i < channel_args->num_args; i++) {
        if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key, GRPC_ARG_RESOURCE_QUOTA)) {
          grpc_resource_quota_unref_internal(resource_quota);
          resource_quota = grpc_resource_quota_ref_internal(
              (grpc_resource_quota*)channel_args->args[i].value.pointer.p);
        }
      }
    }
    grpc_tcp* tcp = new grpc_tcp;
    memset(tcp, 0, sizeof(grpc_tcp));
    tcp->base.vtable = &vtable;
    tcp->socket = socket;
    gpr_mu_init(&tcp->mu);
    gpr_ref_init(&tcp->refcount, 1);
    GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&tcp->on_read, on_read, tcp, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
    GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&tcp->on_write, on_write, tcp, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
    grpc_resolved_address resolved_local_addr;
    resolved_local_addr.len = sizeof(resolved_local_addr.addr);
    if (getsockname(tcp->socket->socket,
                    reinterpret_cast<sockaddr*>(resolved_local_addr.addr),
                    &resolved_local_addr.len) < 0) {
      tcp->local_address = "";
    } else {
      tcp->local_address = grpc_sockaddr_to_uri(&resolved_local_addr);
    }
    tcp->peer_string = peer_string;
    grpc_slice_buffer_init(&tcp->last_read_buffer);
    tcp->resource_user = grpc_resource_user_create(resource_quota, peer_string);
    grpc_resource_quota_unref_internal(resource_quota);
  
    return &tcp->base;
  }
  
  #endif /* GRPC_WINSOCK_SOCKET */
  