text: //  Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Hartmut Kaiser
  //
  //  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
  //  file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
  
  #include <hpx/hpx_init.hpp>
  #include <hpx/hpx.hpp>
  #include <hpx/include/parallel_set_operations.hpp>
  #include <hpx/util/lightweight_test.hpp>
  
  #include <cstddef>
  #include <iostream>
  #include <iterator>
  #include <numeric>
  #include <random>
  #include <string>
  #include <vector>
  
  #include "test_utils.hpp"
  
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  int seed = std::random_device{}();
  std::mt19937 gen(seed);
  
  template <typename ExPolicy, typename IteratorTag>
  void test_includes1(ExPolicy policy, IteratorTag)
  {
      static_assert(
          hpx::parallel::execution::is_execution_policy<ExPolicy>::value,
          "hpx::parallel::execution::is_execution_policy<ExPolicy>::value");
  
      typedef std::vector<std::size_t>::iterator base_iterator;
      typedef test::test_iterator<base_iterator, IteratorTag> iterator;
  
      std::vector<std::size_t> c1(10007);
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0,c1.size()-1);
      std::size_t start = dis(gen);
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(0,c1.size()-start-1);
      std::size_t end = start + dist(gen);
  
      std::size_t first_value = gen(); //-V101
      std::iota(std::begin(c1), std::end(c1), first_value);
  
      HPX_TEST(start <= end);
  
      base_iterator start_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), start);
      base_iterator end_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), end);
  
      {
          bool result = hpx::parallel::includes(policy,
              iterator(std::begin(c1)), iterator(std::end(c1)),
              start_it, end_it);
  
          bool expected = std::includes(
              std::begin(c1), std::end(c1),
              start_it, end_it);
  
          // verify values
          HPX_TEST_EQ(result, expected);
      }
  
      {
          std::vector<std::size_t> c2;
          std::copy(start_it, end_it, std::back_inserter(c2));
  
          if (!c2.empty())
          {
              std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0,c2.size()-1);
              ++c2[dis(gen)]; //-V104
  
              bool result = hpx::parallel::includes(policy,
                  iterator(std::begin(c1)), iterator(std::end(c1)),
                  std::begin(c2), std::end(c2));
  
              bool expected = std::includes(std::begin(c1), std::end(c1),
                  std::begin(c2), std::end(c2));
  
              // verify values
              HPX_TEST_EQ(result, expected);
          }
      }
  }
  
  template <typename ExPolicy, typename IteratorTag>
  void test_includes1_async(ExPolicy p, IteratorTag)
  {
      typedef std::vector<std::size_t>::iterator base_iterator;
      typedef test::test_iterator<base_iterator, IteratorTag> iterator;
  
      std::vector<std::size_t> c1(10007);
      std::size_t first_value = gen(); //-V101
      std::iota(std::begin(c1), std::end(c1), first_value);
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0,c1.size()-1);
      std::size_t start = dis(gen);
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(0,c1.size()-start-1);
      std::size_t end = start + dist(gen);
  
      HPX_TEST(start <= end);
  
      base_iterator start_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), start);
      base_iterator end_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), end);
  
      {
          hpx::future<bool> result =
              hpx::parallel::includes(p,
                  iterator(std::begin(c1)), iterator(std::end(c1)),
                  start_it, end_it);
          result.wait();
  
          bool expected = std::includes(
              std::begin(c1), std::end(c1),
              start_it, end_it);
  
          // verify values
          HPX_TEST_EQ(result.get(), expected);
      }
  
      {
          std::vector<std::size_t> c2;
          std::copy(start_it, end_it, std::back_inserter(c2));
  
          if (!c2.empty())
          {
              std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0,c2.size()-1);
              ++c2[dis(gen)]; //-V104
  
              hpx::future<bool> result =
                  hpx::parallel::includes(p,
                      iterator(std::begin(c1)), iterator(std::end(c1)),
                      std::begin(c2), std::end(c2));
              result.wait();
  
              bool expected = std::includes(std::begin(c1), std::end(c1),
                  std::begin(c2), std::end(c2));
  
              // verify values
              HPX_TEST_EQ(result.get(), expected);
          }
      }
  }
  
  template <typename IteratorTag>
  void test_includes1()
  {
      using namespace hpx::parallel;
  
      test_includes1(execution::seq, IteratorTag());
      test_includes1(execution::par, IteratorTag());
      test_includes1(execution::par_unseq, IteratorTag());
  
      test_includes1_async(execution::seq(execution::task), IteratorTag());
      test_includes1_async(execution::par(execution::task), IteratorTag());
  }
  
  void includes_test1()
  {
      test_includes1<std::random_access_iterator_tag>();
      test_includes1<std::forward_iterator_tag>();
  }
  
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  template <typename ExPolicy, typename IteratorTag>
  void test_includes2(ExPolicy policy, IteratorTag)
  {
      static_assert(
          hpx::parallel::execution::is_execution_policy<ExPolicy>::value,
          "hpx::parallel::execution::is_execution_policy<ExPolicy>::value");
  
      typedef std::vector<std::size_t>::iterator base_iterator;
      typedef test::test_iterator<base_iterator, IteratorTag> iterator;
  
      std::vector<std::size_t> c1(10007);
      std::size_t first_value = gen(); //-V101
      std::iota(std::begin(c1), std::end(c1), first_value);
  
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0,c1.size()-1);
      std::size_t start = dis(gen);
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(0,c1.size()-start-1);
      std::size_t end = start + dist(gen);
  
      HPX_TEST(start <= end);
  
      base_iterator start_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), start);
      base_iterator end_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), end);
  
      {
          bool result = hpx::parallel::includes(policy,
              iterator(std::begin(c1)), iterator(std::end(c1)),
              start_it, end_it, std::less<std::size_t>());
  
          bool expected = std::includes(
              std::begin(c1), std::end(c1),
              start_it, end_it, std::less<std::size_t>());
  
          // verify values
          HPX_TEST_EQ(result, expected);
      }
  
      {
          std::vector<std::size_t> c2;
          std::copy(start_it, end_it, std::back_inserter(c2));
  
          if (!c2.empty())
          {
              std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0,c2.size()-1);
              ++c2[dis(gen)]; //-V104
  
              bool result = hpx::parallel::includes(policy,
                  iterator(std::begin(c1)), iterator(std::end(c1)),
                  std::begin(c2), std::end(c2), std::less<std::size_t>());
  
              bool expected = std::includes(std::begin(c1), std::end(c1),
                  std::begin(c2), std::end(c2), std::less<std::size_t>());
  
              // verify values
              HPX_TEST_EQ(result, expected);
          }
      }
  }
  
  template <typename ExPolicy, typename IteratorTag>
  void test_includes2_async(ExPolicy p, IteratorTag)
  {
      typedef std::vector<std::size_t>::iterator base_iterator;
      typedef test::test_iterator<base_iterator, IteratorTag> iterator;
  
      std::vector<std::size_t> c1(10007);
      std::size_t first_value = gen(); //-V101
      std::iota(std::begin(c1), std::end(c1), first_value);
  
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0,c1.size()-1);
      std::size_t start = dis(gen);
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(0,c1.size()-start-1);
      std::size_t end = start + dist(gen);
  
      HPX_TEST(start <= end);
  
      base_iterator start_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), start);
      base_iterator end_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), end);
  
      {
          hpx::future<bool> result =
              hpx::parallel::includes(p,
                  iterator(std::begin(c1)), iterator(std::end(c1)),
                  start_it, end_it, std::less<std::size_t>());
          result.wait();
  
          bool expected = std::includes(
              std::begin(c1), std::end(c1),
              start_it, end_it, std::less<std::size_t>());
  
          // verify values
          HPX_TEST_EQ(result.get(), expected);
      }
  
      {
          std::vector<std::size_t> c2;
          std::copy(start_it, end_it, std::back_inserter(c2));
  
          if (!c2.empty())
          {
              std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0,c2.size()-1);
              ++c2[dis(gen)]; //-V104
  
              hpx::future<bool> result =
                  hpx::parallel::includes(p,
                      iterator(std::begin(c1)), iterator(std::end(c1)),
                      std::begin(c2), std::end(c2), std::less<std::size_t>());
              result.wait();
  
              bool expected = std::includes(std::begin(c1), std::end(c1),
                  std::begin(c2), std::end(c2), std::less<std::size_t>());
  
              // verify values
              HPX_TEST_EQ(result.get(), expected);
          }
      }
  }
  
  template <typename IteratorTag>
  void test_includes2()
  {
      using namespace hpx::parallel;
  
      test_includes2(execution::seq, IteratorTag());
      test_includes2(execution::par, IteratorTag());
      test_includes2(execution::par_unseq, IteratorTag());
  
      test_includes2_async(execution::seq(execution::task), IteratorTag());
      test_includes2_async(execution::par(execution::task), IteratorTag());
  }
  
  void includes_test2()
  {
      test_includes2<std::random_access_iterator_tag>();
      test_includes2<std::forward_iterator_tag>();
  }
  
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  template <typename ExPolicy, typename IteratorTag>
  void test_includes_exception(ExPolicy policy, IteratorTag)
  {
      static_assert(
          hpx::parallel::execution::is_execution_policy<ExPolicy>::value,
          "hpx::parallel::execution::is_execution_policy<ExPolicy>::value");
  
      typedef std::vector<std::size_t>::iterator base_iterator;
      typedef test::test_iterator<base_iterator, IteratorTag> iterator;
  
      std::vector<std::size_t> c1(10007);
      std::size_t first_value = gen(); //-V101
      std::iota(std::begin(c1), std::end(c1), first_value);
  
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0,c1.size()-1);
      std::size_t start = dis(gen);
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(0,c1.size()-start-1);
      std::size_t end = start + dist(gen);
  
      HPX_TEST(start <= end);
  
      if (start == end)
          ++end;
  
      HPX_TEST(end <= c1.size());
  
      base_iterator start_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), start);
      base_iterator end_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), end);
  
      bool caught_exception = false;
      try {
          hpx::parallel::includes(policy,
              iterator(std::begin(c1)), iterator(std::end(c1)),
              start_it, end_it,
              [](std::size_t v1, std::size_t v2) {
                  return throw std::runtime_error("test"), true;
              });
  
          HPX_TEST(false);
      }
      catch(hpx::exception_list const& e) {
          caught_exception = true;
          test::test_num_exceptions<ExPolicy, IteratorTag>::call(policy, e);
      }
      catch(...) {
          HPX_TEST(false);
      }
  
      HPX_TEST(caught_exception);
  }
  
  template <typename ExPolicy, typename IteratorTag>
  void test_includes_exception_async(ExPolicy p, IteratorTag)
  {
      typedef std::vector<std::size_t>::iterator base_iterator;
      typedef test::test_iterator<base_iterator, IteratorTag> iterator;
  
      std::vector<std::size_t> c1(10007);
      std::size_t first_value = gen(); //-V101
      std::iota(std::begin(c1), std::end(c1), first_value);
  
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0,c1.size()-1);
      std::size_t start = dis(gen);
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(0,c1.size()-start-1);
      std::size_t end = start + dist(gen);
  
      HPX_TEST(start <= end);
  
      if (start == end)
          ++end;
  
      HPX_TEST(end <= c1.size());
  
      base_iterator start_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), start);
      base_iterator end_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), end);
  
      bool caught_exception = false;
      bool returned_from_algorithm = false;
      try {
          hpx::future<bool> f =
              hpx::parallel::includes(p,
                  iterator(std::begin(c1)), iterator(std::end(c1)),
                  start_it, end_it,
                  [](std::size_t v1, std::size_t v2) {
                      return throw std::runtime_error("test"), true;
                  });
          returned_from_algorithm = true;
          f.get();
  
          HPX_TEST(false);
      }
      catch(hpx::exception_list const& e) {
          caught_exception = true;
          test::test_num_exceptions<ExPolicy, IteratorTag>::call(p, e);
      }
      catch(...) {
          HPX_TEST(false);
      }
  
      HPX_TEST(caught_exception);
      HPX_TEST(returned_from_algorithm);
  }
  
  template <typename IteratorTag>
  void test_includes_exception()
  {
      using namespace hpx::parallel;
  
      // If the execution policy object is of type vector_execution_policy,
      // std::terminate shall be called. therefore we do not test exceptions
      // with a vector execution policy
      test_includes_exception(execution::seq, IteratorTag());
      test_includes_exception(execution::par, IteratorTag());
  
      test_includes_exception_async(execution::seq(execution::task),
          IteratorTag());
      test_includes_exception_async(execution::par(execution::task),
          IteratorTag());
  }
  
  void includes_exception_test()
  {
      test_includes_exception<std::random_access_iterator_tag>();
      test_includes_exception<std::forward_iterator_tag>();
  }
  
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  template <typename ExPolicy, typename IteratorTag>
  void test_includes_bad_alloc(ExPolicy policy, IteratorTag)
  {
      static_assert(
          hpx::parallel::execution::is_execution_policy<ExPolicy>::value,
          "hpx::parallel::execution::is_execution_policy<ExPolicy>::value");
  
      typedef std::vector<std::size_t>::iterator base_iterator;
      typedef test::test_iterator<base_iterator, IteratorTag> iterator;
  
      std::vector<std::size_t> c1(10007);
      std::size_t first_value = gen(); //-V101
      std::iota(std::begin(c1), std::end(c1), first_value);
  
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0,c1.size()-1);
      std::size_t start = dis(gen);
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(0,c1.size()-start-1);
      std::size_t end = start + dist(gen);
  
      HPX_TEST(start <= end);
  
      if (start == end)
          ++end;
  
      HPX_TEST(end <= c1.size());
  
      base_iterator start_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), start);
      base_iterator end_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), end);
  
      bool caught_bad_alloc = false;
      try {
          hpx::parallel::includes(policy,
              iterator(std::begin(c1)), iterator(std::end(c1)),
              start_it, end_it,
              [](std::size_t v1, std::size_t v2) {
                  return throw std::bad_alloc(), true;
              });
  
          HPX_TEST(false);
      }
      catch(std::bad_alloc const&) {
          caught_bad_alloc = true;
      }
      catch(...) {
          HPX_TEST(false);
      }
  
      HPX_TEST(caught_bad_alloc);
  }
  
  template <typename ExPolicy, typename IteratorTag>
  void test_includes_bad_alloc_async(ExPolicy p, IteratorTag)
  {
      typedef std::vector<std::size_t>::iterator base_iterator;
      typedef test::test_iterator<base_iterator, IteratorTag> iterator;
  
      std::vector<std::size_t> c1(10007);
      std::size_t first_value = gen(); //-V101
      std::iota(std::begin(c1), std::end(c1), first_value);
  
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0,c1.size()-1);
      std::size_t start = dis(gen);
      std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(0,c1.size()-start-1);
      std::size_t end = start + dist(gen);
  
      HPX_TEST(start <= end);
  
      if (start == end)
          ++end;
  
      HPX_TEST(end <= c1.size());
  
      base_iterator start_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), start);
      base_iterator end_it = boost::next(std::begin(c1), end);
  
      bool caught_bad_alloc = false;
      bool returned_from_algorithm = false;
      try {
          hpx::future<bool> f =
              hpx::parallel::includes(p,
                  iterator(std::begin(c1)), iterator(std::end(c1)),
                  start_it, end_it,
                  [](std::size_t v1, std::size_t v2) {
                      return throw std::bad_alloc(), true;
                  });
          returned_from_algorithm = true;
          f.get();
  
          HPX_TEST(false);
      }
      catch(std::bad_alloc const&) {
          caught_bad_alloc = true;
      }
      catch(...) {
          HPX_TEST(false);
      }
  
      HPX_TEST(caught_bad_alloc);
      HPX_TEST(returned_from_algorithm);
  }
  
  template <typename IteratorTag>
  void test_includes_bad_alloc()
  {
      using namespace hpx::parallel;
  
      // If the execution policy object is of type vector_execution_policy,
      // std::terminate shall be called. therefore we do not test exceptions
      // with a vector execution policy
      test_includes_bad_alloc(execution::seq, IteratorTag());
      test_includes_bad_alloc(execution::par, IteratorTag());
  
      test_includes_bad_alloc_async(execution::seq(execution::task),
          IteratorTag());
      test_includes_bad_alloc_async(execution::par(execution::task),
          IteratorTag());
  }
  
  void includes_bad_alloc_test()
  {
      test_includes_bad_alloc<std::random_access_iterator_tag>();
      test_includes_bad_alloc<std::forward_iterator_tag>();
  }
  
  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  int hpx_main(boost::program_options::variables_map& vm)
  {
      unsigned int seed = (unsigned int)std::time(nullptr);
      if (vm.count("seed"))
          seed = vm["seed"].as<unsigned int>();
  
      std::cout << "using seed: " << seed << std::endl;
      gen.seed(seed);
  
      includes_test1();
      includes_test2();
      includes_exception_test();
      includes_bad_alloc_test();
      return hpx::finalize();
  }
  
  int main(int argc, char* argv[])
  {
      // add command line option which controls the random number generator seed
      using namespace boost::program_options;
      options_description desc_commandline(
          "Usage: " HPX_APPLICATION_STRING " [options]");
  
      desc_commandline.add_options()
          ("seed,s", value<unsigned int>(),
          "the random number generator seed to use for this run")
          ;
  
      // By default this test should run on all available cores
      std::vector<std::string> const cfg = {
          "hpx.os_threads=all"
      };
  
      // Initialize and run HPX
      HPX_TEST_EQ_MSG(hpx::init(desc_commandline, argc, argv, cfg), 0,
          "HPX main exited with non-zero status");
  
      return hpx::util::report_errors();
  }
  
  
  