text: # encoding: utf-8
  """
  Utilities for working with strings and text.
  
  Inheritance diagram:
  
  .. inheritance-diagram:: IPython.utils.text
     :parts: 3
  """
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #  Copyright (C) 2008-2011  The IPython Development Team
  #
  #  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
  #  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # Imports
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  import os
  import re
  import sys
  import textwrap
  from string import Formatter
  
  from IPython.external.path import path
  from IPython.testing.skipdoctest import skip_doctest_py3, skip_doctest
  from IPython.utils import py3compat
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # Declarations
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  # datetime.strftime date format for ipython
  if sys.platform == 'win32':
      date_format = "%B %d, %Y"
  else:
      date_format = "%B %-d, %Y"
  
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # Code
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  class LSString(str):
      """String derivative with a special access attributes.
  
      These are normal strings, but with the special attributes:
  
          .l (or .list) : value as list (split on newlines).
          .n (or .nlstr): original value (the string itself).
          .s (or .spstr): value as whitespace-separated string.
          .p (or .paths): list of path objects
  
      Any values which require transformations are computed only once and
      cached.
  
      Such strings are very useful to efficiently interact with the shell, which
      typically only understands whitespace-separated options for commands."""
  
      def get_list(self):
          try:
              return self.__list
          except AttributeError:
              self.__list = self.split('\n')
              return self.__list
  
      l = list = property(get_list)
  
      def get_spstr(self):
          try:
              return self.__spstr
          except AttributeError:
              self.__spstr = self.replace('\n',' ')
              return self.__spstr
  
      s = spstr = property(get_spstr)
  
      def get_nlstr(self):
          return self
  
      n = nlstr = property(get_nlstr)
  
      def get_paths(self):
          try:
              return self.__paths
          except AttributeError:
              self.__paths = [path(p) for p in self.split('\n') if os.path.exists(p)]
              return self.__paths
  
      p = paths = property(get_paths)
  
  # FIXME: We need to reimplement type specific displayhook and then add this
  # back as a custom printer. This should also be moved outside utils into the
  # core.
  
  # def print_lsstring(arg):
  #     """ Prettier (non-repr-like) and more informative printer for LSString """
  #     print "LSString (.p, .n, .l, .s available). Value:"
  #     print arg
  #
  #
  # print_lsstring = result_display.when_type(LSString)(print_lsstring)
  
  
  class SList(list):
      """List derivative with a special access attributes.
  
      These are normal lists, but with the special attributes:
  
      * .l (or .list) : value as list (the list itself).
      * .n (or .nlstr): value as a string, joined on newlines.
      * .s (or .spstr): value as a string, joined on spaces.
      * .p (or .paths): list of path objects
  
      Any values which require transformations are computed only once and
      cached."""
  
      def get_list(self):
          return self
  
      l = list = property(get_list)
  
      def get_spstr(self):
          try:
              return self.__spstr
          except AttributeError:
              self.__spstr = ' '.join(self)
              return self.__spstr
  
      s = spstr = property(get_spstr)
  
      def get_nlstr(self):
          try:
              return self.__nlstr
          except AttributeError:
              self.__nlstr = '\n'.join(self)
              return self.__nlstr
  
      n = nlstr = property(get_nlstr)
  
      def get_paths(self):
          try:
              return self.__paths
          except AttributeError:
              self.__paths = [path(p) for p in self if os.path.exists(p)]
              return self.__paths
  
      p = paths = property(get_paths)
  
      def grep(self, pattern, prune = False, field = None):
          """ Return all strings matching 'pattern' (a regex or callable)
  
          This is case-insensitive. If prune is true, return all items
          NOT matching the pattern.
  
          If field is specified, the match must occur in the specified
          whitespace-separated field.
  
          Examples::
  
              a.grep( lambda x: x.startswith('C') )
              a.grep('Cha.*log', prune=1)
              a.grep('chm', field=-1)
          """
  
          def match_target(s):
              if field is None:
                  return s
              parts = s.split()
              try:
                  tgt = parts[field]
                  return tgt
              except IndexError:
                  return ""
  
          if isinstance(pattern, py3compat.string_types):
              pred = lambda x : re.search(pattern, x, re.IGNORECASE)
          else:
              pred = pattern
          if not prune:
              return SList([el for el in self if pred(match_target(el))])
          else:
              return SList([el for el in self if not pred(match_target(el))])
  
      def fields(self, *fields):
          """ Collect whitespace-separated fields from string list
  
          Allows quick awk-like usage of string lists.
  
          Example data (in var a, created by 'a = !ls -l')::
  
              -rwxrwxrwx  1 ville None      18 Dec 14  2006 ChangeLog
              drwxrwxrwx+ 6 ville None       0 Oct 24 18:05 IPython
  
          * ``a.fields(0)`` is ``['-rwxrwxrwx', 'drwxrwxrwx+']``
          * ``a.fields(1,0)`` is ``['1 -rwxrwxrwx', '6 drwxrwxrwx+']``
            (note the joining by space).
          * ``a.fields(-1)`` is ``['ChangeLog', 'IPython']``
  
          IndexErrors are ignored.
  
          Without args, fields() just split()'s the strings.
          """
          if len(fields) == 0:
              return [el.split() for el in self]
  
          res = SList()
          for el in [f.split() for f in self]:
              lineparts = []
  
              for fd in fields:
                  try:
                      lineparts.append(el[fd])
                  except IndexError:
                      pass
              if lineparts:
                  res.append(" ".join(lineparts))
  
          return res
  
      def sort(self,field= None,  nums = False):
          """ sort by specified fields (see fields())
  
          Example::
              a.sort(1, nums = True)
  
          Sorts a by second field, in numerical order (so that 21 > 3)
  
          """
  
          #decorate, sort, undecorate
          if field is not None:
              dsu = [[SList([line]).fields(field),  line] for line in self]
          else:
              dsu = [[line,  line] for line in self]
          if nums:
              for i in range(len(dsu)):
                  numstr = "".join([ch for ch in dsu[i][0] if ch.isdigit()])
                  try:
                      n = int(numstr)
                  except ValueError:
                      n = 0;
                  dsu[i][0] = n
  
  
          dsu.sort()
          return SList([t[1] for t in dsu])
  
  
  # FIXME: We need to reimplement type specific displayhook and then add this
  # back as a custom printer. This should also be moved outside utils into the
  # core.
  
  # def print_slist(arg):
  #     """ Prettier (non-repr-like) and more informative printer for SList """
  #     print "SList (.p, .n, .l, .s, .grep(), .fields(), sort() available):"
  #     if hasattr(arg,  'hideonce') and arg.hideonce:
  #         arg.hideonce = False
  #         return
  #
  #     nlprint(arg)   # This was a nested list printer, now removed.
  #
  # print_slist = result_display.when_type(SList)(print_slist)
  
  
  def indent(instr,nspaces=4, ntabs=0, flatten=False):
      """Indent a string a given number of spaces or tabstops.
  
      indent(str,nspaces=4,ntabs=0) -> indent str by ntabs+nspaces.
  
      Parameters
      ----------
  
      instr : basestring
          The string to be indented.
      nspaces : int (default: 4)
          The number of spaces to be indented.
      ntabs : int (default: 0)
          The number of tabs to be indented.
      flatten : bool (default: False)
          Whether to scrub existing indentation.  If True, all lines will be
          aligned to the same indentation.  If False, existing indentation will
          be strictly increased.
  
      Returns
      -------
  
      str|unicode : string indented by ntabs and nspaces.
  
      """
      if instr is None:
          return
      ind = '\t'*ntabs+' '*nspaces
      if flatten:
          pat = re.compile(r'^\s*', re.MULTILINE)
      else:
          pat = re.compile(r'^', re.MULTILINE)
      outstr = re.sub(pat, ind, instr)
      if outstr.endswith(os.linesep+ind):
          return outstr[:-len(ind)]
      else:
          return outstr
  
  
  def list_strings(arg):
      """Always return a list of strings, given a string or list of strings
      as input.
  
      :Examples:
  
          In [7]: list_strings('A single string')
          Out[7]: ['A single string']
  
          In [8]: list_strings(['A single string in a list'])
          Out[8]: ['A single string in a list']
  
          In [9]: list_strings(['A','list','of','strings'])
          Out[9]: ['A', 'list', 'of', 'strings']
      """
  
      if isinstance(arg, py3compat.string_types): return [arg]
      else: return arg
  
  
  def marquee(txt='',width=78,mark='*'):
      """Return the input string centered in a 'marquee'.
  
      :Examples:
  
          In [16]: marquee('A test',40)
          Out[16]: '**************** A test ****************'
  
          In [17]: marquee('A test',40,'-')
          Out[17]: '---------------- A test ----------------'
  
          In [18]: marquee('A test',40,' ')
          Out[18]: '                 A test                 '
  
      """
      if not txt:
          return (mark*width)[:width]
      nmark = (width-len(txt)-2)//len(mark)//2
      if nmark < 0: nmark =0
      marks = mark*nmark
      return '%s %s %s' % (marks,txt,marks)
  
  
  ini_spaces_re = re.compile(r'^(\s+)')
  
  def num_ini_spaces(strng):
      """Return the number of initial spaces in a string"""
  
      ini_spaces = ini_spaces_re.match(strng)
      if ini_spaces:
          return ini_spaces.end()
      else:
          return 0
  
  
  def format_screen(strng):
      """Format a string for screen printing.
  
      This removes some latex-type format codes."""
      # Paragraph continue
      par_re = re.compile(r'\\$',re.MULTILINE)
      strng = par_re.sub('',strng)
      return strng
  
  
  def dedent(text):
      """Equivalent of textwrap.dedent that ignores unindented first line.
  
      This means it will still dedent strings like:
      '''foo
      is a bar
      '''
  
      For use in wrap_paragraphs.
      """
  
      if text.startswith('\n'):
          # text starts with blank line, don't ignore the first line
          return textwrap.dedent(text)
  
      # split first line
      splits = text.split('\n',1)
      if len(splits) == 1:
          # only one line
          return textwrap.dedent(text)
  
      first, rest = splits
      # dedent everything but the first line
      rest = textwrap.dedent(rest)
      return '\n'.join([first, rest])
  
  
  def wrap_paragraphs(text, ncols=80):
      """Wrap multiple paragraphs to fit a specified width.
  
      This is equivalent to textwrap.wrap, but with support for multiple
      paragraphs, as separated by empty lines.
  
      Returns
      -------
  
      list of complete paragraphs, wrapped to fill `ncols` columns.
      """
      paragraph_re = re.compile(r'\n(\s*\n)+', re.MULTILINE)
      text = dedent(text).strip()
      paragraphs = paragraph_re.split(text)[::2] # every other entry is space
      out_ps = []
      indent_re = re.compile(r'\n\s+', re.MULTILINE)
      for p in paragraphs:
          # presume indentation that survives dedent is meaningful formatting,
          # so don't fill unless text is flush.
          if indent_re.search(p) is None:
              # wrap paragraph
              p = textwrap.fill(p, ncols)
          out_ps.append(p)
      return out_ps
  
  
  def long_substr(data):
      """Return the longest common substring in a list of strings.
      
      Credit: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2892931/longest-common-substring-from-more-than-two-strings-python
      """
      substr = ''
      if len(data) > 1 and len(data[0]) > 0:
          for i in range(len(data[0])):
              for j in range(len(data[0])-i+1):
                  if j > len(substr) and all(data[0][i:i+j] in x for x in data):
                      substr = data[0][i:i+j]
      elif len(data) == 1:
          substr = data[0]
      return substr
  
  
  def strip_email_quotes(text):
      """Strip leading email quotation characters ('>').
  
      Removes any combination of leading '>' interspersed with whitespace that
      appears *identically* in all lines of the input text.
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      text : str
  
      Examples
      --------
  
      Simple uses::
  
          In [2]: strip_email_quotes('> > text')
          Out[2]: 'text'
  
          In [3]: strip_email_quotes('> > text\\n> > more')
          Out[3]: 'text\\nmore'
  
      Note how only the common prefix that appears in all lines is stripped::
  
          In [4]: strip_email_quotes('> > text\\n> > more\\n> more...')
          Out[4]: '> text\\n> more\\nmore...'
  
      So if any line has no quote marks ('>') , then none are stripped from any
      of them ::
      
          In [5]: strip_email_quotes('> > text\\n> > more\\nlast different')
          Out[5]: '> > text\\n> > more\\nlast different'
      """
      lines = text.splitlines()
      matches = set()
      for line in lines:
          prefix = re.match(r'^(\s*>[ >]*)', line)
          if prefix:
              matches.add(prefix.group(1))
          else:
              break
      else:
          prefix = long_substr(list(matches))
          if prefix:
              strip = len(prefix)
              text = '\n'.join([ ln[strip:] for ln in lines])
      return text
  
  
  class EvalFormatter(Formatter):
      """A String Formatter that allows evaluation of simple expressions.
      
      Note that this version interprets a : as specifying a format string (as per
      standard string formatting), so if slicing is required, you must explicitly
      create a slice.
      
      This is to be used in templating cases, such as the parallel batch
      script templates, where simple arithmetic on arguments is useful.
  
      Examples
      --------
      
      In  [1]: f = EvalFormatter()
      In  [2]: f.format('{n//4}', n=8)
      Out [2]: '2'
      
      In  [3]: f.format("{greeting[slice(2,4)]}", greeting="Hello")
      Out [3]: 'll'
      """
      def get_field(self, name, args, kwargs):
          v = eval(name, kwargs)
          return v, name
  
  
  @skip_doctest_py3
  class FullEvalFormatter(Formatter):
      """A String Formatter that allows evaluation of simple expressions.
      
      Any time a format key is not found in the kwargs,
      it will be tried as an expression in the kwargs namespace.
      
      Note that this version allows slicing using [1:2], so you cannot specify
      a format string. Use :class:`EvalFormatter` to permit format strings.
      
      Examples
      --------
      
      In [1]: f = FullEvalFormatter()
      In [2]: f.format('{n//4}', n=8)
      Out[2]: u'2'
      
      In [3]: f.format('{list(range(5))[2:4]}')
      Out[3]: u'[2, 3]'
  
      In [4]: f.format('{3*2}')
      Out[4]: u'6'
      """
      # copied from Formatter._vformat with minor changes to allow eval
      # and replace the format_spec code with slicing
      def _vformat(self, format_string, args, kwargs, used_args, recursion_depth):
          if recursion_depth < 0:
              raise ValueError('Max string recursion exceeded')
          result = []
          for literal_text, field_name, format_spec, conversion in \
                  self.parse(format_string):
  
              # output the literal text
              if literal_text:
                  result.append(literal_text)
  
              # if there's a field, output it
              if field_name is not None:
                  # this is some markup, find the object and do
                  # the formatting
  
                  if format_spec:
                      # override format spec, to allow slicing:
                      field_name = ':'.join([field_name, format_spec])
  
                  # eval the contents of the field for the object
                  # to be formatted
                  obj = eval(field_name, kwargs)
  
                  # do any conversion on the resulting object
                  obj = self.convert_field(obj, conversion)
  
                  # format the object and append to the result
                  result.append(self.format_field(obj, ''))
  
          return u''.join(py3compat.cast_unicode(s) for s in result)
  
  
  @skip_doctest_py3
  class DollarFormatter(FullEvalFormatter):
      """Formatter allowing Itpl style $foo replacement, for names and attribute
      access only. Standard {foo} replacement also works, and allows full
      evaluation of its arguments.
  
      Examples
      --------
      In [1]: f = DollarFormatter()
      In [2]: f.format('{n//4}', n=8)
      Out[2]: u'2'
      
      In [3]: f.format('23 * 76 is $result', result=23*76)
      Out[3]: u'23 * 76 is 1748'
      
      In [4]: f.format('$a or {b}', a=1, b=2)
      Out[4]: u'1 or 2'
      """
      _dollar_pattern = re.compile("(.*?)\$(\$?[\w\.]+)")
      def parse(self, fmt_string):
          for literal_txt, field_name, format_spec, conversion \
                      in Formatter.parse(self, fmt_string):
              
              # Find $foo patterns in the literal text.
              continue_from = 0
              txt = ""
              for m in self._dollar_pattern.finditer(literal_txt):
                  new_txt, new_field = m.group(1,2)
                  # $$foo --> $foo
                  if new_field.startswith("$"):
                      txt += new_txt + new_field
                  else:
                      yield (txt + new_txt, new_field, "", None)
                      txt = ""
                  continue_from = m.end()
              
              # Re-yield the {foo} style pattern
              yield (txt + literal_txt[continue_from:], field_name, format_spec, conversion)
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # Utils to columnize a list of string
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  def _chunks(l, n):
      """Yield successive n-sized chunks from l."""
      for i in py3compat.xrange(0, len(l), n):
          yield l[i:i+n]
  
  
  def _find_optimal(rlist , separator_size=2 , displaywidth=80):
      """Calculate optimal info to columnize a list of string"""
      for nrow in range(1, len(rlist)+1) :
          chk = list(map(max,_chunks(rlist, nrow)))
          sumlength = sum(chk)
          ncols = len(chk)
          if sumlength+separator_size*(ncols-1) <= displaywidth :
              break;
      return {'columns_numbers' : ncols,
              'optimal_separator_width':(displaywidth - sumlength)/(ncols-1) if (ncols -1) else 0,
              'rows_numbers' : nrow,
              'columns_width' : chk
             }
  
  
  def _get_or_default(mylist, i, default=None):
      """return list item number, or default if don't exist"""
      if i >= len(mylist):
          return default
      else :
          return mylist[i]
  
  
  @skip_doctest
  def compute_item_matrix(items, empty=None, *args, **kwargs) :
      """Returns a nested list, and info to columnize items
  
      Parameters
      ----------
  
      items :
          list of strings to columize
      empty : (default None)
          default value to fill list if needed
      separator_size : int (default=2)
          How much caracters will be used as a separation between each columns.
      displaywidth : int (default=80)
          The width of the area onto wich the columns should enter
  
      Returns
      -------
  
      Returns a tuple of (strings_matrix, dict_info)
  
      strings_matrix :
  
          nested list of string, the outer most list contains as many list as
          rows, the innermost lists have each as many element as colums. If the
          total number of elements in `items` does not equal the product of
          rows*columns, the last element of some lists are filled with `None`.
  
      dict_info :
          some info to make columnize easier:
  
          columns_numbers : number of columns
          rows_numbers    : number of rows
          columns_width   : list of with of each columns
          optimal_separator_width : best separator width between columns
  
      Examples
      --------
  
      In [1]: l = ['aaa','b','cc','d','eeeee','f','g','h','i','j','k','l']
         ...: compute_item_matrix(l,displaywidth=12)
      Out[1]:
          ([['aaa', 'f', 'k'],
          ['b', 'g', 'l'],
          ['cc', 'h', None],
          ['d', 'i', None],
          ['eeeee', 'j', None]],
          {'columns_numbers': 3,
          'columns_width': [5, 1, 1],
          'optimal_separator_width': 2,
          'rows_numbers': 5})
  
      """
      info = _find_optimal(list(map(len, items)), *args, **kwargs)
      nrow, ncol = info['rows_numbers'], info['columns_numbers']
      return ([[ _get_or_default(items, c*nrow+i, default=empty) for c in range(ncol) ] for i in range(nrow) ], info)
  
  
  def columnize(items, separator='  ', displaywidth=80):
      """ Transform a list of strings into a single string with columns.
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      items : sequence of strings
          The strings to process.
  
      separator : str, optional [default is two spaces]
          The string that separates columns.
  
      displaywidth : int, optional [default is 80]
          Width of the display in number of characters.
  
      Returns
      -------
      The formatted string.
      """
      if not items :
          return '\n'
      matrix, info = compute_item_matrix(items, separator_size=len(separator), displaywidth=displaywidth)
      fmatrix = [filter(None, x) for x in matrix]
      sjoin = lambda x : separator.join([ y.ljust(w, ' ') for y, w in zip(x, info['columns_width'])])
      return '\n'.join(map(sjoin, fmatrix))+'\n'
  
  
  def get_text_list(list_, last_sep=' and ', sep=", ", wrap_item_with=""):
      """
      Return a string with a natural enumeration of items
  
      >>> get_text_list(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
      'a, b, c and d'
      >>> get_text_list(['a', 'b', 'c'], ' or ')
      'a, b or c'
      >>> get_text_list(['a', 'b', 'c'], ', ')
      'a, b, c'
      >>> get_text_list(['a', 'b'], ' or ')
      'a or b'
      >>> get_text_list(['a'])
      'a'
      >>> get_text_list([])
      ''
      >>> get_text_list(['a', 'b'], wrap_item_with="`")
      '`a` and `b`'
      >>> get_text_list(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], " = ", sep=" + ")
      'a + b + c = d'
      """
      if len(list_) == 0:
          return ''
      if wrap_item_with:
          list_ = ['%s%s%s' % (wrap_item_with, item, wrap_item_with) for
                   item in list_]
      if len(list_) == 1:
          return list_[0]
      return '%s%s%s' % (
          sep.join(i for i in list_[:-1]),
          last_sep, list_[-1])