text: #!/usr/bin/env python
  import logging
  import os
  import shutil
  import subprocess
  import sys
  import tempfile
  import warnings
  
  from django import contrib
  from django import VERSION
  try:
      from django.utils._os import upath
  except:
      def upath(path):
          return path
  
  from django.utils import six
  
  
  CONTRIB_MODULE_PATH = 'django.contrib'
  
  TEST_TEMPLATE_DIR = 'templates'
  
  DJANGO_VERSION_DIR = '/django{0}{1}'.format(*VERSION[:2])
  
  RUNTESTS_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(upath(__file__))) + DJANGO_VERSION_DIR
  sys.path.append(RUNTESTS_DIR)
  
  CONTRIB_DIR = os.path.dirname(upath(contrib.__file__))
  
  
  TEMP_DIR = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='django_')
  os.environ['DJANGO_TEST_TEMP_DIR'] = TEMP_DIR
  
  
  DJANGO_PYODBC_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(RUNTESTS_DIR, '..\..'))
  if DJANGO_PYODBC_DIR not in sys.path:
      sys.path.append(DJANGO_PYODBC_DIR)
  
  ALWAYS_INSTALLED_APPS = [
      'django.contrib.contenttypes',
      'django.contrib.auth',
      'django.contrib.sessions',
      #'sqlserver_ado',
      #'sqlserver_ado.sql_app',
  ]
  
  
  def get_test_modules():
      modules = []
      for modpath, dirpath in (
          (None, RUNTESTS_DIR),    
          (CONTRIB_MODULE_PATH, CONTRIB_DIR)):
              for f in os.listdir(dirpath):
                  if ('.' in f or
                      # Python 3 byte code dirs (PEP 3147)
                      f == '__pycache__' or
                      f.startswith('sql') or
                      os.path.isfile(f)):
                      continue
                  modules.append((modpath, f))
      return modules
  
  def get_installed():
      from django.db.models.loading import get_apps
      return [app.__name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0] for app in get_apps() if not app.__name__.startswith('django.contrib')]
  
  def setup(verbosity, test_labels):
      from django.conf import settings
      from django.db.models.loading import get_apps, load_app
      from django.test.testcases import TransactionTestCase, TestCase
  
      # Force declaring available_apps in TransactionTestCase for faster tests.
      def no_available_apps(self):
          raise Exception("Please define available_apps in TransactionTestCase "
                          "and its subclasses.")
      TransactionTestCase.available_apps = property(no_available_apps)
      TestCase.available_apps = None
  
      state = {
          'INSTALLED_APPS': settings.INSTALLED_APPS,
          'ROOT_URLCONF': getattr(settings, "ROOT_URLCONF", ""),
          'TEMPLATE_DIRS': settings.TEMPLATE_DIRS,
          'LANGUAGE_CODE': settings.LANGUAGE_CODE,
          'STATIC_URL': settings.STATIC_URL,
          'STATIC_ROOT': settings.STATIC_ROOT,
      }
  
      # Redirect some settings for the duration of these tests.
      settings.INSTALLED_APPS = ALWAYS_INSTALLED_APPS
      settings.ROOT_URLCONF = 'urls'
      settings.STATIC_URL = '/static/'
      settings.STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(TEMP_DIR, 'static')
      settings.TEMPLATE_DIRS = (os.path.join(RUNTESTS_DIR, TEST_TEMPLATE_DIR),)
      settings.LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en'
      settings.SITE_ID = 1
  
      if verbosity > 0:
          # Ensure any warnings captured to logging are piped through a verbose
          # logging handler.  If any -W options were passed explicitly on command
          # line, warnings are not captured, and this has no effect.
          logger = logging.getLogger('py.warnings')
          handler = logging.StreamHandler()
          logger.addHandler(handler)
  
      # Load all the ALWAYS_INSTALLED_APPS.
      with warnings.catch_warnings():
          warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', 'django.contrib.comments is deprecated and will be removed before Django 1.8.', PendingDeprecationWarning)
          get_apps()
  
      # Load all the test model apps.
      test_modules = get_test_modules()
  
      # Reduce given test labels to just the app module path
      test_labels_set = set()
      for label in test_labels:
          bits = label.split('.')
          if bits[:2] == ['django', 'contrib']:
              bits = bits[:3]
          else:
              bits = bits[:1]
          test_labels_set.add('.'.join(bits))
  
  
      for modpath, module_name in test_modules:
          if modpath:
              module_label = '.'.join([modpath, module_name])
          else:
              module_label = module_name
          # if the module (or an ancestor) was named on the command line, or
          # no modules were named (i.e., run all), import
          # this module and add it to INSTALLED_APPS.
          if not test_labels:
              module_found_in_labels = True
          else:
              match = lambda label: (
                  module_label == label or  # exact match
                  module_label.startswith(label + '.')  # ancestor match
                  )
  
              module_found_in_labels = any(match(l) for l in test_labels_set)
  
          if module_found_in_labels:
              if verbosity >= 2:
                  print("Importing application %s" % module_name)
              mod = load_app(module_label)
              if mod:
                  if module_label not in settings.INSTALLED_APPS:
                      settings.INSTALLED_APPS.append(module_label)
  
      return state
  
  
  def teardown(state):
      from django.conf import settings
  
      try:
          # Removing the temporary TEMP_DIR. Ensure we pass in unicode
          # so that it will successfully remove temp trees containing
          # non-ASCII filenames on Windows. (We're assuming the temp dir
          # name itself does not contain non-ASCII characters.)
          shutil.rmtree(six.text_type(TEMP_DIR))
      except OSError:
          print('Failed to remove temp directory: %s' % TEMP_DIR)
  
      # Restore the old settings.
      for key, value in state.items():
          setattr(settings, key, value)
  
  
  def django_tests(verbosity, interactive, failfast, test_labels):
      from django.conf import settings
      state = setup(verbosity, test_labels)
      extra_tests = []
  
      # Run the test suite, including the extra validation tests.
      from django.test.utils import get_runner
      if not hasattr(settings, 'TEST_RUNNER'):
          settings.TEST_RUNNER = 'django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner'
      TestRunner = get_runner(settings)
  
      test_runner = TestRunner(
          verbosity=verbosity,
          interactive=interactive,
          failfast=failfast,
      )
      failures = test_runner.run_tests(
          test_labels or get_installed(), extra_tests=extra_tests)
  
      teardown(state)
      return failures
  
  
  def bisect_tests(bisection_label, options, test_labels):
      state = setup(int(options.verbosity), test_labels)
  
      test_labels = test_labels or get_installed()
  
      print('***** Bisecting test suite: %s' % ' '.join(test_labels))
  
      # Make sure the bisection point isn't in the test list
      # Also remove tests that need to be run in specific combinations
      for label in [bisection_label, 'model_inheritance_same_model_name']:
          try:
              test_labels.remove(label)
          except ValueError:
              pass
  
      subprocess_args = [
          sys.executable, upath(__file__), '--settings=%s' % options.settings]
      if options.failfast:
          subprocess_args.append('--failfast')
      if options.verbosity:
          subprocess_args.append('--verbosity=%s' % options.verbosity)
      if not options.interactive:
          subprocess_args.append('--noinput')
  
      iteration = 1
      while len(test_labels) > 1:
          midpoint = len(test_labels)/2
          test_labels_a = test_labels[:midpoint] + [bisection_label]
          test_labels_b = test_labels[midpoint:] + [bisection_label]
          print('***** Pass %da: Running the first half of the test suite' % iteration)
          print('***** Test labels: %s' % ' '.join(test_labels_a))
          failures_a = subprocess.call(subprocess_args + test_labels_a)
  
          print('***** Pass %db: Running the second half of the test suite' % iteration)
          print('***** Test labels: %s' % ' '.join(test_labels_b))
          print('')
          failures_b = subprocess.call(subprocess_args + test_labels_b)
  
          if failures_a and not failures_b:
              print("***** Problem found in first half. Bisecting again...")
              iteration = iteration + 1
              test_labels = test_labels_a[:-1]
          elif failures_b and not failures_a:
              print("***** Problem found in second half. Bisecting again...")
              iteration = iteration + 1
              test_labels = test_labels_b[:-1]
          elif failures_a and failures_b:
              print("***** Multiple sources of failure found")
              break
          else:
              print("***** No source of failure found... try pair execution (--pair)")
              break
  
      if len(test_labels) == 1:
          print("***** Source of error: %s" % test_labels[0])
      teardown(state)
  
  
  def paired_tests(paired_test, options, test_labels):
      state = setup(int(options.verbosity), test_labels)
  
      test_labels = test_labels or get_installed()
  
      print('***** Trying paired execution')
  
      # Make sure the constant member of the pair isn't in the test list
      # Also remove tests that need to be run in specific combinations
      for label in [paired_test, 'model_inheritance_same_model_name']:
          try:
              test_labels.remove(label)
          except ValueError:
              pass
  
      subprocess_args = [
          sys.executable, upath(__file__), '--settings=%s' % options.settings]
      if options.failfast:
          subprocess_args.append('--failfast')
      if options.verbosity:
          subprocess_args.append('--verbosity=%s' % options.verbosity)
      if not options.interactive:
          subprocess_args.append('--noinput')
  
      for i, label in enumerate(test_labels):
          print('***** %d of %d: Check test pairing with %s' % (
                i + 1, len(test_labels), label))
          failures = subprocess.call(subprocess_args + [label, paired_test])
          if failures:
              print('***** Found problem pair with %s' % label)
              return
  
      print('***** No problem pair found')
      teardown(state)
  
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
      from optparse import OptionParser
      usage = "%prog [options] [module module module ...]"
      parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
      parser.add_option(
          '-v', '--verbosity', action='store', dest='verbosity', default='1',
          type='choice', choices=['0', '1', '2', '3'],
          help='Verbosity level; 0=minimal output, 1=normal output, 2=all '
               'output')
      parser.add_option(
          '--noinput', action='store_false', dest='interactive', default=True,
          help='Tells Django to NOT prompt the user for input of any kind.')
      parser.add_option(
          '--failfast', action='store_true', dest='failfast', default=False,
          help='Tells Django to stop running the test suite after first failed '
               'test.')
      parser.add_option(
          '--settings',
          help='Python path to settings module, e.g. "myproject.settings". If '
               'this isn\'t provided, the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment '
               'variable will be used.')
      parser.add_option(
          '--bisect', action='store', dest='bisect', default=None,
          help='Bisect the test suite to discover a test that causes a test '
               'failure when combined with the named test.')
      parser.add_option(
          '--pair', action='store', dest='pair', default=None,
          help='Run the test suite in pairs with the named test to find problem '
               'pairs.')
      parser.add_option(
          '--liveserver', action='store', dest='liveserver', default=None,
          help='Overrides the default address where the live server (used with '
               'LiveServerTestCase) is expected to run from. The default value '
               'is localhost:8081.')
      parser.add_option(
          '--selenium', action='store_true', dest='selenium',
          default=False,
          help='Run the Selenium tests as well (if Selenium is installed)')
      options, args = parser.parse_args()
      if options.settings:
          os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = options.settings
      elif "DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE" not in os.environ:
          parser.error("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is not set in the environment. "
                        "Set it or use --settings.")
      else:
          options.settings = os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE']
  
      if options.liveserver is not None:
          os.environ['DJANGO_LIVE_TEST_SERVER_ADDRESS'] = options.liveserver
  
      if options.selenium:
          os.environ['DJANGO_SELENIUM_TESTS'] = '1'
  
      if options.bisect:
          bisect_tests(options.bisect, options, args)
      elif options.pair:
          paired_tests(options.pair, options, args)
      else:
          failures = django_tests(int(options.verbosity), options.interactive,
                                  options.failfast, args)
          if failures:
              sys.exit(bool(failures))
  