text: /*
   *
   * Copyright (c) 2014-2020 The Khronos Group Inc.
   * Copyright (c) 2014-2020 Valve Corporation
   * Copyright (c) 2014-2020 LunarG, Inc.
   * Copyright (C) 2015 Google Inc.
   *
   * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   * You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
  
   *
   * Author: Jon Ashburn <jon@lunarg.com>
   * Author: Courtney Goeltzenleuchter <courtney@LunarG.com>
   * Author: Mark Young <marky@lunarg.com>
   * Author: Lenny Komow <lenny@lunarg.com>
   *
   */
  
  // This needs to be defined first, or else we'll get redefinitions on NTSTATUS values
  #ifdef _WIN32
  #define UMDF_USING_NTSTATUS
  #include <ntstatus.h>
  #endif
  
  #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
  #define _GNU_SOURCE
  #endif
  #include <inttypes.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <stdarg.h>
  #include <stdbool.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <stddef.h>
  
  #if defined(__APPLE__)
  #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
  #include <sys/param.h>
  #endif
  
  // Time related functions
  #include <time.h>
  
  #include <sys/types.h>
  #if defined(_WIN32)
  #include "dirent_on_windows.h"
  #else  // _WIN32
  #include <dirent.h>
  #endif  // _WIN32
  #include "vk_loader_platform.h"
  #include "loader.h"
  #include "gpa_helper.h"
  #include "debug_utils.h"
  #include "wsi.h"
  #include "vulkan/vk_icd.h"
  #include "cJSON.h"
  #include "murmurhash.h"
  
  #if defined(_WIN32)
  #include <cfgmgr32.h>
  #include <initguid.h>
  #include <devpkey.h>
  #include <winternl.h>
  #include "adapters.h"
  #include "dxgi_loader.h"
  #endif
  
  // This is a CMake generated file with #defines for any functions/includes
  // that it found present.  This is currently necessary to properly determine
  // if secure_getenv or __secure_getenv are present
  #if !defined(VULKAN_NON_CMAKE_BUILD)
  #include "loader_cmake_config.h"
  #endif  // !defined(VULKAN_NON_CMAKE_BUILD)
  
  // Generated file containing all the extension data
  #include "vk_loader_extensions.c"
  
  // Override layer information
  #define VK_OVERRIDE_LAYER_NAME "VK_LAYER_LUNARG_override"
  
  struct loader_struct loader = {0};
  // TLS for instance for alloc/free callbacks
  THREAD_LOCAL_DECL struct loader_instance *tls_instance;
  
  static size_t loader_platform_combine_path(char *dest, size_t len, ...);
  
  struct loader_phys_dev_per_icd {
      uint32_t count;
      VkPhysicalDevice *phys_devs;
      struct loader_icd_term *this_icd_term;
  };
  
  enum loader_debug {
      LOADER_INFO_BIT = 0x01,
      LOADER_WARN_BIT = 0x02,
      LOADER_PERF_BIT = 0x04,
      LOADER_ERROR_BIT = 0x08,
      LOADER_DEBUG_BIT = 0x10,
  };
  
  uint32_t g_loader_debug = 0;
  uint32_t g_loader_log_msgs = 0;
  
  enum loader_data_files_type {
      LOADER_DATA_FILE_MANIFEST_ICD = 0,
      LOADER_DATA_FILE_MANIFEST_LAYER,
      LOADER_DATA_FILE_NUM_TYPES  // Not a real field, used for possible loop terminator
  };
  
  // thread safety lock for accessing global data structures such as "loader"
  // all entrypoints on the instance chain need to be locked except GPA
  // additionally CreateDevice and DestroyDevice needs to be locked
  loader_platform_thread_mutex loader_lock;
  loader_platform_thread_mutex loader_json_lock;
  loader_platform_thread_mutex loader_preload_icd_lock;
  
  // A list of ICDs that gets initialized when the loader does its global initialization. This list should never be used by anything
  // other than EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(), vkDestroyInstance, and loader_release(). This list does not change
  // functionality, but the fact that the libraries already been loaded causes any call that needs to load ICD libraries to speed up
  // significantly. This can have a huge impact when making repeated calls to vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties and
  // vkCreateInstance.
  static struct loader_icd_tramp_list scanned_icds;
  
  LOADER_PLATFORM_THREAD_ONCE_DECLARATION(once_init);
  
  void *loader_instance_heap_alloc(const struct loader_instance *instance, size_t size, VkSystemAllocationScope alloc_scope) {
      void *pMemory = NULL;
  #if (DEBUG_DISABLE_APP_ALLOCATORS == 1)
      {
  #else
      if (instance && instance->alloc_callbacks.pfnAllocation) {
          // These are internal structures, so it's best to align everything to
          // the largest unit size which is the size of a uint64_t.
          pMemory = instance->alloc_callbacks.pfnAllocation(instance->alloc_callbacks.pUserData, size, sizeof(uint64_t), alloc_scope);
      } else {
  #endif
          pMemory = malloc(size);
      }
  
      return pMemory;
  }
  
  void loader_instance_heap_free(const struct loader_instance *instance, void *pMemory) {
      if (pMemory != NULL) {
  #if (DEBUG_DISABLE_APP_ALLOCATORS == 1)
          {
  #else
          if (instance && instance->alloc_callbacks.pfnFree) {
              instance->alloc_callbacks.pfnFree(instance->alloc_callbacks.pUserData, pMemory);
          } else {
  #endif
              free(pMemory);
          }
      }
  }
  
  void *loader_instance_heap_realloc(const struct loader_instance *instance, void *pMemory, size_t orig_size, size_t size,
                                     VkSystemAllocationScope alloc_scope) {
      void *pNewMem = NULL;
      if (pMemory == NULL || orig_size == 0) {
          pNewMem = loader_instance_heap_alloc(instance, size, alloc_scope);
      } else if (size == 0) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(instance, pMemory);
  #if (DEBUG_DISABLE_APP_ALLOCATORS == 1)
  #else
      } else if (instance && instance->alloc_callbacks.pfnReallocation) {
          // These are internal structures, so it's best to align everything to
          // the largest unit size which is the size of a uint64_t.
          pNewMem = instance->alloc_callbacks.pfnReallocation(instance->alloc_callbacks.pUserData, pMemory, size, sizeof(uint64_t),
                                                              alloc_scope);
  #endif
      } else {
          pNewMem = realloc(pMemory, size);
      }
      return pNewMem;
  }
  
  void *loader_instance_tls_heap_alloc(size_t size) {
      return loader_instance_heap_alloc(tls_instance, size, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
  }
  
  void loader_instance_tls_heap_free(void *pMemory) { loader_instance_heap_free(tls_instance, pMemory); }
  
  void *loader_device_heap_alloc(const struct loader_device *device, size_t size, VkSystemAllocationScope alloc_scope) {
      void *pMemory = NULL;
  #if (DEBUG_DISABLE_APP_ALLOCATORS == 1)
      {
  #else
      if (device && device->alloc_callbacks.pfnAllocation) {
          // These are internal structures, so it's best to align everything to
          // the largest unit size which is the size of a uint64_t.
          pMemory = device->alloc_callbacks.pfnAllocation(device->alloc_callbacks.pUserData, size, sizeof(uint64_t), alloc_scope);
      } else {
  #endif
          pMemory = malloc(size);
      }
      return pMemory;
  }
  
  void loader_device_heap_free(const struct loader_device *device, void *pMemory) {
      if (pMemory != NULL) {
  #if (DEBUG_DISABLE_APP_ALLOCATORS == 1)
          {
  #else
          if (device && device->alloc_callbacks.pfnFree) {
              device->alloc_callbacks.pfnFree(device->alloc_callbacks.pUserData, pMemory);
          } else {
  #endif
              free(pMemory);
          }
      }
  }
  
  void *loader_device_heap_realloc(const struct loader_device *device, void *pMemory, size_t orig_size, size_t size,
                                   VkSystemAllocationScope alloc_scope) {
      void *pNewMem = NULL;
      if (pMemory == NULL || orig_size == 0) {
          pNewMem = loader_device_heap_alloc(device, size, alloc_scope);
      } else if (size == 0) {
          loader_device_heap_free(device, pMemory);
  #if (DEBUG_DISABLE_APP_ALLOCATORS == 1)
  #else
      } else if (device && device->alloc_callbacks.pfnReallocation) {
          // These are internal structures, so it's best to align everything to
          // the largest unit size which is the size of a uint64_t.
          pNewMem = device->alloc_callbacks.pfnReallocation(device->alloc_callbacks.pUserData, pMemory, size, sizeof(uint64_t),
                                                            alloc_scope);
  #endif
      } else {
          pNewMem = realloc(pMemory, size);
      }
      return pNewMem;
  }
  
  // Environment variables
  #if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
  
  static inline bool IsHighIntegrity() {
      return geteuid() != getuid() || getegid() != getgid();
  }
  
  static inline char *loader_getenv(const char *name, const struct loader_instance *inst) {
      // No allocation of memory necessary for Linux, but we should at least touch
      // the inst pointer to get rid of compiler warnings.
      (void)inst;
      return getenv(name);
  }
  
  static inline char *loader_secure_getenv(const char *name, const struct loader_instance *inst) {
      char *out;
  #if defined(__APPLE__)
      // Apple does not appear to have a secure getenv implementation.
      // The main difference between secure getenv and getenv is that secure getenv
      // returns NULL if the process is being run with elevated privileges by a normal user.
      // The idea is to prevent the reading of malicious environment variables by a process
      // that can do damage.
      // This algorithm is derived from glibc code that sets an internal
      // variable (__libc_enable_secure) if the process is running under setuid or setgid.
      return IsHighIntegrity() ? NULL : loader_getenv(name, inst);
  #else
  // Linux
  #if defined(HAVE_SECURE_GETENV) && !defined(USE_UNSAFE_FILE_SEARCH)
      (void)inst;
      out = secure_getenv(name);
  #elif defined(HAVE___SECURE_GETENV) && !defined(USE_UNSAFE_FILE_SEARCH)
      (void)inst;
      out = __secure_getenv(name);
  #else
      out = loader_getenv(name, inst);
  #endif
  #endif
      if (out == NULL) {
          loader_log(inst, LOADER_INFO_BIT, 0,
                     "Loader is running with elevated permissions. Environment variable %s will be ignored.", name);
      }
      return out;
  }
  
  static inline void loader_free_getenv(char *val, const struct loader_instance *inst) {
      // No freeing of memory necessary for Linux, but we should at least touch
      // the val and inst pointers to get rid of compiler warnings.
      (void)val;
      (void)inst;
  }
  
  #elif defined(WIN32)
  
  static inline bool IsHighIntegrity() {
      HANDLE process_token;
      if (OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY | TOKEN_QUERY_SOURCE, &process_token)) {
          // Maximum possible size of SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES is maximum size of a SID + size of attributes DWORD.
          uint8_t mandatory_label_buffer[SECURITY_MAX_SID_SIZE + sizeof(DWORD)];
          DWORD buffer_size;
          if (GetTokenInformation(process_token, TokenIntegrityLevel, mandatory_label_buffer, sizeof(mandatory_label_buffer),
              &buffer_size) != 0) {
              const TOKEN_MANDATORY_LABEL *mandatory_label = (const TOKEN_MANDATORY_LABEL *)mandatory_label_buffer;
              const DWORD sub_authority_count = *GetSidSubAuthorityCount(mandatory_label->Label.Sid);
              const DWORD integrity_level = *GetSidSubAuthority(mandatory_label->Label.Sid, sub_authority_count - 1);
  
              CloseHandle(process_token);
              return integrity_level > SECURITY_MANDATORY_MEDIUM_RID;
          }
  
          CloseHandle(process_token);
      }
  
      return false;
  }
  
  static inline char *loader_getenv(const char *name, const struct loader_instance *inst) {
      char *retVal;
      DWORD valSize;
  
      valSize = GetEnvironmentVariableA(name, NULL, 0);
  
      // valSize DOES include the null terminator, so for any set variable
      // will always be at least 1. If it's 0, the variable wasn't set.
      if (valSize == 0) return NULL;
  
      // Allocate the space necessary for the registry entry
      if (NULL != inst && NULL != inst->alloc_callbacks.pfnAllocation) {
          retVal = (char *)inst->alloc_callbacks.pfnAllocation(inst->alloc_callbacks.pUserData, valSize, sizeof(char *),
                                                               VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
      } else {
          retVal = (char *)malloc(valSize);
      }
  
      if (NULL != retVal) {
          GetEnvironmentVariableA(name, retVal, valSize);
      }
  
      return retVal;
  }
  
  static inline char *loader_secure_getenv(const char *name, const struct loader_instance *inst) {
  #if !defined(USE_UNSAFE_FILE_SEARCH)
      if (IsHighIntegrity()) {
          loader_log(inst, LOADER_INFO_BIT, 0,
                     "Loader is running with elevated permissions. Environment variable %s will be ignored.", name);
          return NULL;
      }
  #endif
  
      return loader_getenv(name, inst);
  }
  
  static inline void loader_free_getenv(char *val, const struct loader_instance *inst) {
      if (NULL != inst && NULL != inst->alloc_callbacks.pfnFree) {
          inst->alloc_callbacks.pfnFree(inst->alloc_callbacks.pUserData, val);
      } else {
          free((void *)val);
      }
  }
  
  #else
  
  static inline char *loader_getenv(const char *name, const struct loader_instance *inst) {
      // stub func
      (void)inst;
      (void)name;
      return NULL;
  }
  static inline void loader_free_getenv(char *val, const struct loader_instance *inst) {
      // stub func
      (void)val;
      (void)inst;
  }
  
  #endif
  
  void loader_log(const struct loader_instance *inst, VkFlags msg_type, int32_t msg_code, const char *format, ...) {
      char msg[512];
      char cmd_line_msg[512];
      size_t cmd_line_size = sizeof(cmd_line_msg);
      va_list ap;
      int ret;
  
      va_start(ap, format);
      ret = vsnprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), format, ap);
      if ((ret >= (int)sizeof(msg)) || ret < 0) {
          msg[sizeof(msg) - 1] = '\0';
      }
      va_end(ap);
  
      if (inst) {
          VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT severity = 0;
          VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT type;
          VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT callback_data;
          VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT object_name;
  
          if ((msg_type & LOADER_INFO_BIT) != 0) {
              severity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT;
          } else if ((msg_type & LOADER_WARN_BIT) != 0) {
              severity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT;
          } else if ((msg_type & LOADER_ERROR_BIT) != 0) {
              severity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
          } else if ((msg_type & LOADER_DEBUG_BIT) != 0) {
              severity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT;
          }
  
          if ((msg_type & LOADER_PERF_BIT) != 0) {
              type = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
          } else {
              type = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT;
          }
  
          callback_data.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CALLBACK_DATA_EXT;
          callback_data.pNext = NULL;
          callback_data.flags = 0;
          callback_data.pMessageIdName = "Loader Message";
          callback_data.messageIdNumber = 0;
          callback_data.pMessage = msg;
          callback_data.queueLabelCount = 0;
          callback_data.pQueueLabels = NULL;
          callback_data.cmdBufLabelCount = 0;
          callback_data.pCmdBufLabels = NULL;
          callback_data.objectCount = 1;
          callback_data.pObjects = &object_name;
          object_name.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT;
          object_name.pNext = NULL;
          object_name.objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_INSTANCE;
          object_name.objectHandle = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)inst;
          object_name.pObjectName = NULL;
  
          util_SubmitDebugUtilsMessageEXT(inst, severity, type, &callback_data);
      }
  
      if (!(msg_type & g_loader_log_msgs)) {
          return;
      }
  
      cmd_line_msg[0] = '\0';
      cmd_line_size -= 1;
      size_t original_size = cmd_line_size;
  
      if ((msg_type & LOADER_INFO_BIT) != 0) {
          strncat(cmd_line_msg, "INFO", cmd_line_size);
          cmd_line_size -= 4;
      }
      if ((msg_type & LOADER_WARN_BIT) != 0) {
          if (cmd_line_size != original_size) {
              strncat(cmd_line_msg, " | ", cmd_line_size);
              cmd_line_size -= 3;
          }
          strncat(cmd_line_msg, "WARNING", cmd_line_size);
          cmd_line_size -= 7;
      }
      if ((msg_type & LOADER_PERF_BIT) != 0) {
          if (cmd_line_size != original_size) {
              strncat(cmd_line_msg, " | ", cmd_line_size);
              cmd_line_size -= 3;
          }
          strncat(cmd_line_msg, "PERF", cmd_line_size);
          cmd_line_size -= 4;
      }
      if ((msg_type & LOADER_ERROR_BIT) != 0) {
          if (cmd_line_size != original_size) {
              strncat(cmd_line_msg, " | ", cmd_line_size);
              cmd_line_size -= 3;
          }
          strncat(cmd_line_msg, "ERROR", cmd_line_size);
          cmd_line_size -= 5;
      }
      if ((msg_type & LOADER_DEBUG_BIT) != 0) {
          if (cmd_line_size != original_size) {
              strncat(cmd_line_msg, " | ", cmd_line_size);
              cmd_line_size -= 3;
          }
          strncat(cmd_line_msg, "DEBUG", cmd_line_size);
          cmd_line_size -= 5;
      }
      if (cmd_line_size != original_size) {
          strncat(cmd_line_msg, ": ", cmd_line_size);
          cmd_line_size -= 2;
      }
  
      if (0 < cmd_line_size) {
          // If the message is too long, trim it down
          if (strlen(msg) > cmd_line_size) {
              msg[cmd_line_size - 1] = '\0';
          }
          strncat(cmd_line_msg, msg, cmd_line_size);
      } else {
          // Shouldn't get here, but check to make sure if we've already overrun
          // the string boundary
          assert(false);
      }
  
  #if defined(WIN32)
      OutputDebugString(cmd_line_msg);
      OutputDebugString("\n");
  #endif
  
      fputs(cmd_line_msg, stderr);
      fputc('\n', stderr);
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL vkSetInstanceDispatch(VkInstance instance, void *object) {
      struct loader_instance *inst = loader_get_instance(instance);
      if (!inst) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "vkSetInstanceDispatch: Can not retrieve Instance "
                     "dispatch table.");
          return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
      }
      loader_set_dispatch(object, inst->disp);
      return VK_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL vkSetDeviceDispatch(VkDevice device, void *object) {
      struct loader_device *dev;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = loader_get_icd_and_device(device, &dev, NULL);
  
      if (NULL == icd_term) {
          return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
      }
      loader_set_dispatch(object, &dev->loader_dispatch);
      return VK_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  #if defined(_WIN32)
  
  // Append the JSON path data to the list and allocate/grow the list if it's not large enough.
  // Function returns true if filename was appended to reg_data list.
  // Caller should free reg_data.
  static bool loaderAddJsonEntry(const struct loader_instance *inst,
                                 char **reg_data,    // list of JSON files
                                 PDWORD total_size,  // size of reg_data
                                 LPCSTR key_name,    // key name - used for debug prints - i.e. VulkanDriverName
                                 DWORD key_type,     // key data type
                                 LPSTR json_path,    // JSON string to add to the list reg_data
                                 DWORD json_size,    // size in bytes of json_path
                                 VkResult *result) {
      // Check for and ignore duplicates.
      if (*reg_data && strstr(*reg_data, json_path)) {
          // Success. The json_path is already in the list.
          return true;
      }
  
      if (NULL == *reg_data) {
          *reg_data = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, *total_size, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (NULL == *reg_data) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loaderAddJsonEntry: Failed to allocate space for registry data for key %s", json_path);
              *result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              return false;
          }
          *reg_data[0] = '\0';
      } else if (strlen(*reg_data) + json_size + 1 > *total_size) {
          void *new_ptr =
              loader_instance_heap_realloc(inst, *reg_data, *total_size, *total_size * 2, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (NULL == new_ptr) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loaderAddJsonEntry: Failed to reallocate space for registry value of size %d for key %s", *total_size * 2,
                         json_path);
              *result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              return false;
          }
          *reg_data = new_ptr;
          *total_size *= 2;
      }
  
      for (char *curr_filename = json_path; curr_filename[0] != '\0'; curr_filename += strlen(curr_filename) + 1) {
          if (strlen(*reg_data) == 0) {
              (void)snprintf(*reg_data, json_size + 1, "%s", curr_filename);
          } else {
              (void)snprintf(*reg_data + strlen(*reg_data), json_size + 2, "%c%s", PATH_SEPARATOR, curr_filename);
          }
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0, "%s: Located json file \"%s\" from PnP registry: %s", __FUNCTION__,
                     curr_filename, key_name);
  
          if (key_type == REG_SZ) {
              break;
          }
      }
      return true;
  }
  
  // Find the list of registry files (names VulkanDriverName/VulkanDriverNameWow) in hkr.
  //
  // This function looks for filename in given device handle, filename is then added to return list
  // function return true if filename was appended to reg_data list
  // If error occurs result is updated with failure reason
  bool loaderGetDeviceRegistryEntry(const struct loader_instance *inst, char **reg_data, PDWORD total_size, DEVINST dev_id,
                                    LPCSTR value_name, VkResult *result) {
      HKEY hkrKey = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
      DWORD requiredSize, data_type;
      char *manifest_path = NULL;
      bool found = false;
  
      if (NULL == total_size || NULL == reg_data) {
          *result = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          return false;
      }
  
      CONFIGRET status = CM_Open_DevNode_Key(dev_id, KEY_QUERY_VALUE, 0, RegDisposition_OpenExisting, &hkrKey, CM_REGISTRY_SOFTWARE);
      if (status != CR_SUCCESS) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
              "loaderGetDeviceRegistryEntry: Failed to open registry key for DeviceID(%d)", dev_id);
          *result = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          return false;
      }
  
      // query value
      LSTATUS ret = RegQueryValueEx(
          hkrKey,
          value_name,
          NULL,
          NULL,
          NULL,
          &requiredSize);
  
      if (ret != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
          if (ret == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                  "loaderGetDeviceRegistryEntry: Device ID(%d) Does not contain a value for \"%s\"", dev_id, value_name);
          } else {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                  "loaderGetDeviceRegistryEntry: DeviceID(%d) Failed to obtain %s size", dev_id, value_name);
          }
          goto out;
      }
  
      manifest_path = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, requiredSize, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
      if (manifest_path == NULL) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loaderGetDeviceRegistryEntry: Failed to allocate space for DriverName.");
          *result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
  
      ret = RegQueryValueEx(
          hkrKey,
          value_name,
          NULL,
          &data_type,
          (BYTE *)manifest_path,
          &requiredSize
      );
  
      if (ret != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
              "loaderGetDeviceRegistryEntry: DeviceID(%d) Failed to obtain %s", value_name);
  
          *result = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          goto out;
      }
  
      if (data_type != REG_SZ && data_type != REG_MULTI_SZ) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
              "loaderGetDeviceRegistryEntry: Invalid %s data type. Expected REG_SZ or REG_MULTI_SZ.", value_name);
          *result = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          goto out;
      }
  
      found = loaderAddJsonEntry(inst, reg_data, total_size, value_name, data_type, manifest_path, requiredSize, result);
  
  out:
      if (manifest_path != NULL) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, manifest_path);
      }
      RegCloseKey(hkrKey);
      return found;
  }
  
  // Find the list of registry files (names VulkanDriverName/VulkanDriverNameWow) in hkr .
  //
  // This function looks for display devices and childish software components
  // for a list of files which are added to a returned list (function return
  // value).
  // Function return is a string with a ';'  separated list of filenames.
  // Function return is NULL if no valid name/value pairs  are found in the key,
  // or the key is not found.
  //
  // *reg_data contains a string list of filenames as pointer.
  // When done using the returned string list, the caller should free the pointer.
  VkResult loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles(const struct loader_instance *inst, char **reg_data, PDWORD reg_data_size,
                                        LPCSTR value_name) {
      static const wchar_t *softwareComponentGUID = L"{5c4c3332-344d-483c-8739-259e934c9cc8}";
      static const wchar_t *displayGUID = L"{4d36e968-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}";
      const ULONG flags = CM_GETIDLIST_FILTER_CLASS | CM_GETIDLIST_FILTER_PRESENT;
  
      wchar_t childGuid[MAX_GUID_STRING_LEN + 2];  // +2 for brackets {}
      ULONG childGuidSize = sizeof(childGuid);
  
      DEVINST devID = 0, childID = 0;
      wchar_t *pDeviceNames = NULL;
      ULONG deviceNamesSize = 0;
      VkResult result = VK_SUCCESS;
      bool found = false;
  
      if (NULL == reg_data) {
          result = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          return result;
      }
  
      // if after obtaining the DeviceNameSize, new device is added start over
      do {
          CM_Get_Device_ID_List_SizeW(&deviceNamesSize, displayGUID, flags);
  
          if (pDeviceNames != NULL) {
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, pDeviceNames);
          }
  
          pDeviceNames = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, deviceNamesSize * sizeof(wchar_t), VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (pDeviceNames == NULL) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles: Failed to allocate space for display device names.");
              result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              return result;
          }
      } while (CM_Get_Device_ID_ListW(displayGUID, pDeviceNames, deviceNamesSize, flags) == CR_BUFFER_SMALL);
  
      if (pDeviceNames) {
          for (wchar_t *deviceName = pDeviceNames; *deviceName; deviceName += wcslen(deviceName) + 1) {
              CONFIGRET status = CM_Locate_DevNodeW(&devID, deviceName, CM_LOCATE_DEVNODE_NORMAL);
              if (CR_SUCCESS != status) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles: failed to open DevNode %ls",
                             deviceName);
                  continue;
              }
              ULONG ulStatus, ulProblem;
              status = CM_Get_DevNode_Status(&ulStatus, &ulProblem, devID, 0);
  
              if (CR_SUCCESS != status)
              {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles: failed to probe device status %ls",
                             deviceName);
                  continue;
              }
              if ((ulStatus & DN_HAS_PROBLEM) && (ulProblem == CM_PROB_NEED_RESTART || ulProblem == DN_NEED_RESTART)) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles: device %ls is pending reboot, skipping ...", deviceName);
                  continue;
              }
  
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0, "loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles: opening device %ls", deviceName);
  
              if (loaderGetDeviceRegistryEntry(inst, reg_data, reg_data_size, devID, value_name, &result)) {
                  found = true;
                  continue;
              }
              else if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY) {
                  break;
              }
  
              status = CM_Get_Child(&childID, devID, 0);
              if (status != CR_SUCCESS) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles: unable to open child-device error:%d", status);
                  continue;
              }
  
              do {
                  wchar_t buffer[MAX_DEVICE_ID_LEN];
                  CM_Get_Device_IDW(childID, buffer, MAX_DEVICE_ID_LEN, 0);
  
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles: Opening child device %d - %ls", childID, buffer);
  
                  status = CM_Get_DevNode_Registry_PropertyW(childID, CM_DRP_CLASSGUID, NULL, &childGuid, &childGuidSize, 0);
                  if (status != CR_SUCCESS) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles: unable to obtain GUID for:%d error:%d", childID, status);
  
                      result = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
                      continue;
                  }
  
                  if (wcscmp(childGuid, softwareComponentGUID) != 0) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles: GUID for %d is not SoftwareComponent skipping", childID);
                      continue;
                  }
  
                  if (loaderGetDeviceRegistryEntry(inst, reg_data, reg_data_size, childID, value_name, &result)) {
                      found = true;
                      break;  // check next-display-device
                  }
  
              } while (CM_Get_Sibling(&childID, childID, 0) == CR_SUCCESS);
          }
  
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, pDeviceNames);
      }
  
      if (!found && result != VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY) {
          result = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
      }
  
      return result;
  }
  
  static char *loader_get_next_path(char *path);
  
  // Find the list of registry files (names within a key) in key "location".
  //
  // This function looks in the registry (hive = DEFAULT_VK_REGISTRY_HIVE) key as
  // given in "location"
  // for a list or name/values which are added to a returned list (function return
  // value).
  // The DWORD values within the key must be 0 or they are skipped.
  // Function return is a string with a ';'  separated list of filenames.
  // Function return is NULL if no valid name/value pairs  are found in the key,
  // or the key is not found.
  //
  // *reg_data contains a string list of filenames as pointer.
  // When done using the returned string list, the caller should free the pointer.
  VkResult loaderGetRegistryFiles(const struct loader_instance *inst, char *location, bool use_secondary_hive, char **reg_data,
                                  PDWORD reg_data_size) {
      // This list contains all of the allowed ICDs. This allows us to verify that a device is actually present from the vendor
      // specified. This does disallow other vendors, but any new driver should use the device-specific registries anyway.
      static const struct {
          const char *filename;
          int vendor_id;
      } known_drivers[] = {
  #if defined(_WIN64)
          {
              .filename = "igvk64.json",
              .vendor_id = 0x8086,
          },
          {
              .filename = "nv-vk64.json",
              .vendor_id = 0x10de,
          },
          {
              .filename = "amd-vulkan64.json",
              .vendor_id = 0x1002,
          },
          {
              .filename = "amdvlk64.json",
              .vendor_id = 0x1002,
          },
  #else
          {
              .filename = "igvk32.json",
              .vendor_id = 0x8086,
          },
          {
              .filename = "nv-vk32.json",
              .vendor_id = 0x10de,
          },
          {
              .filename = "amd-vulkan32.json",
              .vendor_id = 0x1002,
          },
          {
              .filename = "amdvlk32.json",
              .vendor_id = 0x1002,
          },
  #endif
      };
  
      LONG rtn_value;
      HKEY hive = DEFAULT_VK_REGISTRY_HIVE, key;
      DWORD access_flags;
      char name[2048];
      char *loc = location;
      char *next;
      DWORD name_size = sizeof(name);
      DWORD value;
      DWORD value_size = sizeof(value);
      VkResult result = VK_SUCCESS;
      bool found = false;
      IDXGIFactory1 *dxgi_factory = NULL;
      bool is_driver = !strcmp(location, VK_DRIVERS_INFO_REGISTRY_LOC);
  
      if (NULL == reg_data) {
          result = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          goto out;
      }
  
      if (is_driver) {
          HRESULT hres = dyn_CreateDXGIFactory1(&IID_IDXGIFactory1, &dxgi_factory);
          if (hres != S_OK) {
              loader_log(
                  inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                  "loaderGetRegistryFiles: Failed to create dxgi factory for ICD registry verification. No ICDs will be added from "
                  "legacy registry locations");
              goto out;
          }
      }
  
      while (*loc) {
          next = loader_get_next_path(loc);
          access_flags = KEY_QUERY_VALUE;
          rtn_value = RegOpenKeyEx(hive, loc, 0, access_flags, &key);
          if (ERROR_SUCCESS == rtn_value) {
              for (DWORD idx = 0;
                   (rtn_value = RegEnumValue(key, idx++, name, &name_size, NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)&value, &value_size)) == ERROR_SUCCESS;
                   name_size = sizeof(name), value_size = sizeof(value)) {
                  if (value_size == sizeof(value) && value == 0) {
                      if (NULL == *reg_data) {
                          *reg_data = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, *reg_data_size, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
                          if (NULL == *reg_data) {
                              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                         "loaderGetRegistryFiles: Failed to allocate space for registry data for key %s", name);
                              RegCloseKey(key);
                              result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                              goto out;
                          }
                          *reg_data[0] = '\0';
                      } else if (strlen(*reg_data) + name_size + 1 > *reg_data_size) {
                          void *new_ptr = loader_instance_heap_realloc(inst, *reg_data, *reg_data_size, *reg_data_size * 2,
                                                                       VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
                          if (NULL == new_ptr) {
                              loader_log(
                                  inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                  "loaderGetRegistryFiles: Failed to reallocate space for registry value of size %d for key %s",
                                  *reg_data_size * 2, name);
                              RegCloseKey(key);
                              result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                              goto out;
                          }
                          *reg_data = new_ptr;
                          *reg_data_size *= 2;
                      }
  
                      // We've now found a json file. If this is an ICD, we still need to check if there is actually a device
                      // that matches this ICD
                      loader_log(
                          inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0, "Located json file \"%s\" from registry \"%s\\%s\"", name,
                          hive == DEFAULT_VK_REGISTRY_HIVE ? DEFAULT_VK_REGISTRY_HIVE_STR : SECONDARY_VK_REGISTRY_HIVE_STR, location);
                      if (is_driver) {
                          int i;
                          for (i = 0; i < sizeof(known_drivers) / sizeof(known_drivers[0]); ++i) {
                              if (!strcmp(name + strlen(name) - strlen(known_drivers[i].filename), known_drivers[i].filename)) {
                                  break;
                              }
                          }
                          if (i == sizeof(known_drivers) / sizeof(known_drivers[0])) {
                              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                         "Driver %s is not recognized as a known driver. It will be assumed to be active", name);
                          } else {
                              bool found_gpu = false;
                              for (int j = 0;; ++j) {
                                  IDXGIAdapter1 *adapter;
                                  HRESULT hres = dxgi_factory->lpVtbl->EnumAdapters1(dxgi_factory, j, &adapter);
                                  if (hres == DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND) {
                                      break;
                                  } else if (hres != S_OK) {
                                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                                 "Failed to enumerate DXGI adapters at index %d. As a result, drivers may be skipped", j);
                                      continue;
                                  }
  
                                  DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC1 description;
                                  hres = adapter->lpVtbl->GetDesc1(adapter, &description);
                                  if (hres != S_OK) {
                                      loader_log(
                                          inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                          "Failed to get DXGI adapter information at index %d. As a result, drivers may be skipped", j);
                                      continue;
                                  }
  
                                  if (description.VendorId == known_drivers[i].vendor_id) {
                                      found_gpu = true;
                                      break;
                                  }
                              }
  
                              if (!found_gpu) {
                                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                             "Dropping driver %s as no corresponding DXGI adapter was found", name);
                                  continue;
                              }
                          }
                      }
  
                      if (strlen(*reg_data) == 0) {
                          // The list is emtpy. Add the first entry.
                          (void)snprintf(*reg_data, name_size + 1, "%s", name);
                          found = true;
                      } else {
                          // At this point the reg_data variable contains other JSON paths, likely from the PNP/device section
                          // of the registry that we want to have precedence over this non-device specific section of the registry.
                          // To make sure we avoid enumerating old JSON files/drivers that might be present in the non-device specific
                          // area of the registry when a newer device specific JSON file is present, do a check before adding.
                          // Find the file name, without path, of the JSON file found in the non-device specific registry location.
                          // If the same JSON file name is already found in the list, don't add it again.
                          bool foundDuplicate = false;
                          char *pLastSlashName = strrchr(name, '\\');
                          if (pLastSlashName != NULL) {
                              char *foundMatch = strstr(*reg_data, pLastSlashName + 1);
                              if (foundMatch != NULL) {
                                  foundDuplicate = true;
                              }
                          }
  
                          if (foundDuplicate == false) {
                              // Add the new entry to the list.
                              (void)snprintf(*reg_data + strlen(*reg_data), name_size + 2, "%c%s", PATH_SEPARATOR, name);
                              found = true;
                          } else {
                              loader_log(
                                  inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                  "Skipping adding of json file \"%s\" from registry \"%s\\%s\" to the list due to duplication", name,
                                  hive == DEFAULT_VK_REGISTRY_HIVE ? DEFAULT_VK_REGISTRY_HIVE_STR : SECONDARY_VK_REGISTRY_HIVE_STR,
                                  location);
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
              RegCloseKey(key);
          }
  
          // Advance the location - if the next location is in the secondary hive, then reset the locations and advance the hive
          if (use_secondary_hive && (hive == DEFAULT_VK_REGISTRY_HIVE) && (*next == '\0')) {
              loc = location;
              hive = SECONDARY_VK_REGISTRY_HIVE;
          } else {
              loc = next;
          }
      }
  
      if (!found && result != VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY) {
          result = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
      }
  
  out:
      if (is_driver && dxgi_factory != NULL) {
          dxgi_factory->lpVtbl->Release(dxgi_factory);
      }
  
      return result;
  }
  
  #endif  // WIN32
  
  // Combine path elements, separating each element with the platform-specific
  // directory separator, and save the combined string to a destination buffer,
  // not exceeding the given length. Path elements are given as variable args,
  // with a NULL element terminating the list.
  //
  // \returns the total length of the combined string, not including an ASCII
  // NUL termination character. This length may exceed the available storage:
  // in this case, the written string will be truncated to avoid a buffer
  // overrun, and the return value will greater than or equal to the storage
  // size. A NULL argument may be provided as the destination buffer in order
  // to determine the required string length without actually writing a string.
  static size_t loader_platform_combine_path(char *dest, size_t len, ...) {
      size_t required_len = 0;
      va_list ap;
      const char *component;
  
      va_start(ap, len);
  
      while ((component = va_arg(ap, const char *))) {
          if (required_len > 0) {
              // This path element is not the first non-empty element; prepend
              // a directory separator if space allows
              if (dest && required_len + 1 < len) {
                  (void)snprintf(dest + required_len, len - required_len, "%c", DIRECTORY_SYMBOL);
              }
              required_len++;
          }
  
          if (dest && required_len < len) {
              strncpy(dest + required_len, component, len - required_len);
          }
          required_len += strlen(component);
      }
  
      va_end(ap);
  
      // strncpy(3) won't add a NUL terminating byte in the event of truncation.
      if (dest && required_len >= len) {
          dest[len - 1] = '\0';
      }
  
      return required_len;
  }
  
  // Given string of three part form "maj.min.pat" convert to a vulkan version number.
  static uint32_t loader_make_version(char *vers_str) {
      uint32_t major = 0, minor = 0, patch = 0;
      char *vers_tok;
  
      if (!vers_str) {
          return 0;
      }
  
      vers_tok = strtok(vers_str, ".\"\n\r");
      if (NULL != vers_tok) {
          major = (uint16_t)atoi(vers_tok);
          vers_tok = strtok(NULL, ".\"\n\r");
          if (NULL != vers_tok) {
              minor = (uint16_t)atoi(vers_tok);
              vers_tok = strtok(NULL, ".\"\n\r");
              if (NULL != vers_tok) {
                  patch = (uint16_t)atoi(vers_tok);
              }
          }
      }
  
      return VK_MAKE_VERSION(major, minor, patch);
  }
  
  bool compare_vk_extension_properties(const VkExtensionProperties *op1, const VkExtensionProperties *op2) {
      return strcmp(op1->extensionName, op2->extensionName) == 0 ? true : false;
  }
  
  // Search the given ext_array for an extension matching the given vk_ext_prop
  bool has_vk_extension_property_array(const VkExtensionProperties *vk_ext_prop, const uint32_t count,
                                       const VkExtensionProperties *ext_array) {
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
          if (compare_vk_extension_properties(vk_ext_prop, &ext_array[i])) return true;
      }
      return false;
  }
  
  // Search the given ext_list for an extension matching the given vk_ext_prop
  bool has_vk_extension_property(const VkExtensionProperties *vk_ext_prop, const struct loader_extension_list *ext_list) {
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ext_list->count; i++) {
          if (compare_vk_extension_properties(&ext_list->list[i], vk_ext_prop)) return true;
      }
      return false;
  }
  
  // Search the given ext_list for a device extension matching the given ext_prop
  bool has_vk_dev_ext_property(const VkExtensionProperties *ext_prop, const struct loader_device_extension_list *ext_list) {
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ext_list->count; i++) {
          if (compare_vk_extension_properties(&ext_list->list[i].props, ext_prop)) return true;
      }
      return false;
  }
  
  // Get the next unused layer property in the list. Init the property to zero.
  static struct loader_layer_properties *loaderGetNextLayerPropertySlot(const struct loader_instance *inst,
                                                                        struct loader_layer_list *layer_list) {
      if (layer_list->capacity == 0) {
          layer_list->list =
              loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, sizeof(struct loader_layer_properties) * 64, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (layer_list->list == NULL) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loaderGetNextLayerPropertySlot: Out of memory can "
                         "not add any layer properties to list");
              return NULL;
          }
          memset(layer_list->list, 0, sizeof(struct loader_layer_properties) * 64);
          layer_list->capacity = sizeof(struct loader_layer_properties) * 64;
      }
  
      // Ensure enough room to add an entry
      if ((layer_list->count + 1) * sizeof(struct loader_layer_properties) > layer_list->capacity) {
          void *new_ptr = loader_instance_heap_realloc(inst, layer_list->list, layer_list->capacity, layer_list->capacity * 2,
                                                       VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (NULL == new_ptr) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "loaderGetNextLayerPropertySlot: realloc failed for layer list");
              return NULL;
          }
          layer_list->list = new_ptr;
          memset((uint8_t *)layer_list->list + layer_list->capacity, 0, layer_list->capacity);
          layer_list->capacity *= 2;
      }
  
      layer_list->count++;
      return &(layer_list->list[layer_list->count - 1]);
  }
  
  // Search the given layer list for a layer property matching the given layer name
  static struct loader_layer_properties *loaderFindLayerProperty(const char *name, const struct loader_layer_list *layer_list) {
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < layer_list->count; i++) {
          const VkLayerProperties *item = &layer_list->list[i].info;
          if (strcmp(name, item->layerName) == 0) return &layer_list->list[i];
      }
      return NULL;
  }
  
  // Search the given layer list for a layer matching the given layer name
  static bool loaderFindLayerNameInList(const char *name, const struct loader_layer_list *layer_list) {
      if (NULL == layer_list) {
          return false;
      }
      if (NULL != loaderFindLayerProperty(name, layer_list)) {
          return true;
      }
      return false;
  }
  
  // Search the given meta-layer's component list for a layer matching the given layer name
  static bool loaderFindLayerNameInMetaLayer(const struct loader_instance *inst, const char *layer_name,
                                             struct loader_layer_list *layer_list, struct loader_layer_properties *meta_layer_props) {
      for (uint32_t comp_layer = 0; comp_layer < meta_layer_props->num_component_layers; comp_layer++) {
          if (!strcmp(meta_layer_props->component_layer_names[comp_layer], layer_name)) {
              return true;
          }
          struct loader_layer_properties *comp_layer_props =
              loaderFindLayerProperty(meta_layer_props->component_layer_names[comp_layer], layer_list);
          if (comp_layer_props->type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER) {
              return loaderFindLayerNameInMetaLayer(inst, layer_name, layer_list, comp_layer_props);
          }
      }
      return false;
  }
  
  // Search the override layer's blacklist for a layer matching the given layer name
  static bool loaderFindLayerNameInBlacklist(const struct loader_instance *inst, const char *layer_name,
                                             struct loader_layer_list *layer_list, struct loader_layer_properties *meta_layer_props) {
      for (uint32_t black_layer = 0; black_layer < meta_layer_props->num_blacklist_layers; ++black_layer) {
          if (!strcmp(meta_layer_props->blacklist_layer_names[black_layer], layer_name)) {
              return true;
          }
      }
      return false;
  }
  
  // Remove all layer properties entries from the list
  void loaderDeleteLayerListAndProperties(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *layer_list) {
      uint32_t i, j, k;
      struct loader_device_extension_list *dev_ext_list;
      struct loader_dev_ext_props *ext_props;
      if (!layer_list) return;
  
      for (i = 0; i < layer_list->count; i++) {
          if (NULL != layer_list->list[i].blacklist_layer_names) {
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, layer_list->list[i].blacklist_layer_names);
              layer_list->list[i].blacklist_layer_names = NULL;
          }
          if (NULL != layer_list->list[i].component_layer_names) {
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, layer_list->list[i].component_layer_names);
              layer_list->list[i].component_layer_names = NULL;
          }
          if (NULL != layer_list->list[i].override_paths) {
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, layer_list->list[i].override_paths);
              layer_list->list[i].override_paths = NULL;
          }
          if (NULL != layer_list->list[i].app_key_paths) {
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, layer_list->list[i].app_key_paths);
              layer_list->list[i].app_key_paths = NULL;
          }
          loader_destroy_generic_list(inst, (struct loader_generic_list *)&layer_list->list[i].instance_extension_list);
          dev_ext_list = &layer_list->list[i].device_extension_list;
          if (dev_ext_list->capacity > 0 && NULL != dev_ext_list->list) {
              for (j = 0; j < dev_ext_list->count; j++) {
                  ext_props = &dev_ext_list->list[j];
                  if (ext_props->entrypoint_count > 0) {
                      for (k = 0; k < ext_props->entrypoint_count; k++) {
                          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, ext_props->entrypoints[k]);
                      }
                      loader_instance_heap_free(inst, ext_props->entrypoints);
                  }
              }
          }
          loader_destroy_generic_list(inst, (struct loader_generic_list *)dev_ext_list);
      }
      layer_list->count = 0;
  
      if (layer_list->capacity > 0) {
          layer_list->capacity = 0;
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, layer_list->list);
      }
  }
  
  void loaderRemoveLayerInList(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *layer_list, uint32_t layer_to_remove) {
      if (layer_list == NULL || layer_to_remove >= layer_list->count) {
          return;
      }
      if (layer_list->list[layer_to_remove].type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER) {
          // Delete the component layers
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, layer_list->list[layer_to_remove].component_layer_names);
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, layer_list->list[layer_to_remove].override_paths);
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, layer_list->list[layer_to_remove].blacklist_layer_names);
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, layer_list->list[layer_to_remove].app_key_paths);
      }
  
      // Remove the current invalid meta-layer from the layer list.  Use memmove since we are
      // overlapping the source and destination addresses.
      memmove(&layer_list->list[layer_to_remove], &layer_list->list[layer_to_remove + 1],
              sizeof(struct loader_layer_properties) * (layer_list->count - 1 - layer_to_remove));
  
      // Make sure to clear out the removed layer, in case new layers are added in the previous location
      memset(&layer_list->list[layer_list->count - 1], 0, sizeof(struct loader_layer_properties));
  
      // Decrement the count (because we now have one less) and decrement the loop index since we need to
      // re-check this index.
      layer_list->count--;
  }
  
  // Remove all layers in the layer list that are blacklisted by the override layer.
  // NOTE: This should only be called if an override layer is found and not expired.
  void loaderRemoveLayersInBlacklist(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *layer_list) {
      struct loader_layer_properties *override_prop = loaderFindLayerProperty(VK_OVERRIDE_LAYER_NAME, layer_list);
      if (NULL == override_prop) {
          return;
      }
  
      for (int32_t j = 0; j < (int32_t)(layer_list->count); j++) {
          struct loader_layer_properties cur_layer_prop = layer_list->list[j];
          const char *cur_layer_name = &cur_layer_prop.info.layerName[0];
  
          // Skip the override layer itself.
          if (!strcmp(VK_OVERRIDE_LAYER_NAME, cur_layer_name)) {
              continue;
          }
  
          // If found in the override layer's blacklist, remove it
          if (loaderFindLayerNameInBlacklist(inst, cur_layer_name, layer_list, override_prop)) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loaderRemoveLayersInBlacklist: Override layer is active and layer %s is in the blacklist"
                         " inside of it. Removing that layer from current layer list.",
                         cur_layer_name);
  
              if (cur_layer_prop.type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER) {
                  // Delete the component layers
                  loader_instance_heap_free(inst, cur_layer_prop.component_layer_names);
                  loader_instance_heap_free(inst, cur_layer_prop.override_paths);
                  // Never need to free the blacklist, since it can only exist in the override layer
              }
  
              // Remove the current invalid meta-layer from the layer list.  Use memmove since we are
              // overlapping the source and destination addresses.
              memmove(&layer_list->list[j], &layer_list->list[j + 1],
                      sizeof(struct loader_layer_properties) * (layer_list->count - 1 - j));
  
              // Decrement the count (because we now have one less) and decrement the loop index since we need to
              // re-check this index.
              layer_list->count--;
              j--;
  
              // Re-do the query for the override layer
              override_prop = loaderFindLayerProperty(VK_OVERRIDE_LAYER_NAME, layer_list);
          }
      }
  }
  
  // Remove all layers in the layer list that are not found inside any implicit meta-layers.
  void loaderRemoveLayersNotInImplicitMetaLayers(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *layer_list) {
      int32_t i;
      int32_t j;
      int32_t layer_count = (int32_t)(layer_list->count);
  
      for (i = 0; i < layer_count; i++) {
          layer_list->list[i].keep = false;
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i < layer_count; i++) {
          struct loader_layer_properties cur_layer_prop = layer_list->list[i];
  
          if (0 == (cur_layer_prop.type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_EXPLICIT_LAYER)) {
              cur_layer_prop.keep = true;
          } else {
              continue;
          }
  
          if (cur_layer_prop.type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER) {
              for (j = 0; j < layer_count; j++) {
                  struct loader_layer_properties layer_to_check = layer_list->list[j];
  
                  if (i == j) {
                      continue;
                  }
  
                  // For all layers found in this meta layer, we want to keep them as well.
                  if (loaderFindLayerNameInMetaLayer(inst, layer_to_check.info.layerName, layer_list, &cur_layer_prop)) {
                      cur_layer_prop.keep = true;
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      // Remove any layers we don't want to keep (Don't use layer_count here as we need it to be
      // dynamically updated if we delete a layer property in the list).
      for (i = 0; i < (int32_t)(layer_list->count); i++) {
          struct loader_layer_properties cur_layer_prop = layer_list->list[i];
          if (!cur_layer_prop.keep) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loaderRemoveLayersNotInImplicitMetaLayers : Implicit meta-layers are active, and layer %s is not list"
                         " inside of any.  So removing layer from current layer list.",
                         cur_layer_prop.info.layerName);
  
              if (cur_layer_prop.type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER) {
                  // Delete the component layers
                  loader_instance_heap_free(inst, cur_layer_prop.component_layer_names);
                  loader_instance_heap_free(inst, cur_layer_prop.override_paths);
              }
  
              // Remove the current invalid meta-layer from the layer list.  Use memmove since we are
              // overlapping the source and destination addresses.
              memmove(&layer_list->list[i], &layer_list->list[i + 1],
                      sizeof(struct loader_layer_properties) * (layer_list->count - 1 - i));
  
              // Decrement the count (because we now have one less) and decrement the loop index since we need to
              // re-check this index.
              layer_list->count--;
              i--;
          }
      }
  }
  
  static VkResult loader_add_instance_extensions(const struct loader_instance *inst,
                                                 const PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties fp_get_props, const char *lib_name,
                                                 struct loader_extension_list *ext_list) {
      uint32_t i, count = 0;
      VkExtensionProperties *ext_props;
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
  
      if (!fp_get_props) {
          // No EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties defined
          goto out;
      }
  
      res = fp_get_props(NULL, &count, NULL);
      if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loader_add_instance_extensions: Error getting Instance "
                     "extension count from %s",
                     lib_name);
          goto out;
      }
  
      if (count == 0) {
          // No ExtensionProperties to report
          goto out;
      }
  
      ext_props = loader_stack_alloc(count * sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
      if (NULL == ext_props) {
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
  
      res = fp_get_props(NULL, &count, ext_props);
      if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loader_add_instance_extensions: Error getting Instance "
                     "extensions from %s",
                     lib_name);
          goto out;
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
          char spec_version[64];
  
          bool ext_unsupported = wsi_unsupported_instance_extension(&ext_props[i]);
          if (!ext_unsupported) {
              (void)snprintf(spec_version, sizeof(spec_version), "%d.%d.%d", VK_VERSION_MAJOR(ext_props[i].specVersion),
                             VK_VERSION_MINOR(ext_props[i].specVersion), VK_VERSION_PATCH(ext_props[i].specVersion));
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0, "Instance Extension: %s (%s) version %s", ext_props[i].extensionName,
                         lib_name, spec_version);
  
              res = loader_add_to_ext_list(inst, ext_list, 1, &ext_props[i]);
              if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loader_add_instance_extensions: Failed to add %s "
                             "to Instance extension list",
                             lib_name);
                  goto out;
              }
          }
      }
  
  out:
      return res;
  }
  
  // Initialize ext_list with the physical device extensions.
  // The extension properties are passed as inputs in count and ext_props.
  static VkResult loader_init_device_extensions(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term,
                                                uint32_t count, VkExtensionProperties *ext_props,
                                                struct loader_extension_list *ext_list) {
      VkResult res;
      uint32_t i;
  
      res = loader_init_generic_list(inst, (struct loader_generic_list *)ext_list, sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          return res;
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
          char spec_version[64];
          (void)snprintf(spec_version, sizeof(spec_version), "%d.%d.%d", VK_VERSION_MAJOR(ext_props[i].specVersion),
                         VK_VERSION_MINOR(ext_props[i].specVersion), VK_VERSION_PATCH(ext_props[i].specVersion));
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0, "Device Extension: %s (%s) version %s", ext_props[i].extensionName,
                     phys_dev_term->this_icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name, spec_version);
          res = loader_add_to_ext_list(inst, ext_list, 1, &ext_props[i]);
          if (res != VK_SUCCESS) return res;
      }
  
      return VK_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  VkResult loader_add_device_extensions(const struct loader_instance *inst,
                                        PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties fpEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties,
                                        VkPhysicalDevice physical_device, const char *lib_name,
                                        struct loader_extension_list *ext_list) {
      uint32_t i, count;
      VkResult res;
      VkExtensionProperties *ext_props;
  
      res = fpEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physical_device, NULL, &count, NULL);
      if (res == VK_SUCCESS && count > 0) {
          ext_props = loader_stack_alloc(count * sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
          if (!ext_props) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_add_device_extensions: Failed to allocate space"
                         " for device extension properties.");
              return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          }
          res = fpEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physical_device, NULL, &count, ext_props);
          if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
              return res;
          }
          for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
              char spec_version[64];
              (void)snprintf(spec_version, sizeof(spec_version), "%d.%d.%d", VK_VERSION_MAJOR(ext_props[i].specVersion),
                             VK_VERSION_MINOR(ext_props[i].specVersion), VK_VERSION_PATCH(ext_props[i].specVersion));
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0, "Device Extension: %s (%s) version %s", ext_props[i].extensionName,
                         lib_name, spec_version);
              res = loader_add_to_ext_list(inst, ext_list, 1, &ext_props[i]);
              if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
                  return res;
              }
          }
      } else {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loader_add_device_extensions: Error getting physical "
                     "device extension info count from library %s",
                     lib_name);
          return res;
      }
  
      return VK_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  VkResult loader_init_generic_list(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_generic_list *list_info, size_t element_size) {
      size_t capacity = 32 * element_size;
      list_info->count = 0;
      list_info->capacity = 0;
      list_info->list = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, capacity, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
      if (list_info->list == NULL) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loader_init_generic_list: Failed to allocate space "
                     "for generic list");
          return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
      }
      memset(list_info->list, 0, capacity);
      list_info->capacity = capacity;
      return VK_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  void loader_destroy_generic_list(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_generic_list *list) {
      loader_instance_heap_free(inst, list->list);
      list->count = 0;
      list->capacity = 0;
  }
  
  // Append non-duplicate extension properties defined in props to the given ext_list.
  // Return - Vk_SUCCESS on success
  VkResult loader_add_to_ext_list(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_extension_list *ext_list,
                                  uint32_t prop_list_count, const VkExtensionProperties *props) {
      uint32_t i;
      const VkExtensionProperties *cur_ext;
  
      if (ext_list->list == NULL || ext_list->capacity == 0) {
          VkResult res = loader_init_generic_list(inst, (struct loader_generic_list *)ext_list, sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
          if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
              return res;
          }
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i < prop_list_count; i++) {
          cur_ext = &props[i];
  
          // look for duplicates
          if (has_vk_extension_property(cur_ext, ext_list)) {
              continue;
          }
  
          // add to list at end
          // check for enough capacity
          if (ext_list->count * sizeof(VkExtensionProperties) >= ext_list->capacity) {
              void *new_ptr = loader_instance_heap_realloc(inst, ext_list->list, ext_list->capacity, ext_list->capacity * 2,
                                                           VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
              if (new_ptr == NULL) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loader_add_to_ext_list: Failed to reallocate "
                             "space for extension list");
                  return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              }
              ext_list->list = new_ptr;
  
              // double capacity
              ext_list->capacity *= 2;
          }
  
          memcpy(&ext_list->list[ext_list->count], cur_ext, sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
          ext_list->count++;
      }
      return VK_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  // Append one extension property defined in props with entrypoints defined in entries to the given
  // ext_list. Do not append if a duplicate.
  // Return - Vk_SUCCESS on success
  VkResult loader_add_to_dev_ext_list(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_device_extension_list *ext_list,
                                      const VkExtensionProperties *props, uint32_t entry_count, char **entrys) {
      uint32_t idx;
      if (ext_list->list == NULL || ext_list->capacity == 0) {
          VkResult res = loader_init_generic_list(inst, (struct loader_generic_list *)ext_list, sizeof(struct loader_dev_ext_props));
          if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
              return res;
          }
      }
  
      // look for duplicates
      if (has_vk_dev_ext_property(props, ext_list)) {
          return VK_SUCCESS;
      }
  
      idx = ext_list->count;
      // add to list at end
      // check for enough capacity
      if (idx * sizeof(struct loader_dev_ext_props) >= ext_list->capacity) {
          void *new_ptr = loader_instance_heap_realloc(inst, ext_list->list, ext_list->capacity, ext_list->capacity * 2,
                                                       VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
  
          if (NULL == new_ptr) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_add_to_dev_ext_list: Failed to reallocate space for device extension list");
              return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          }
          ext_list->list = new_ptr;
  
          // double capacity
          ext_list->capacity *= 2;
      }
  
      memcpy(&ext_list->list[idx].props, props, sizeof(*props));
      ext_list->list[idx].entrypoint_count = entry_count;
      if (entry_count == 0) {
          ext_list->list[idx].entrypoints = NULL;
      } else {
          ext_list->list[idx].entrypoints =
              loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, sizeof(char *) * entry_count, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (ext_list->list[idx].entrypoints == NULL) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_add_to_dev_ext_list: Failed to allocate space "
                         "for device extension entrypoint list in list %d",
                         idx);
              ext_list->list[idx].entrypoint_count = 0;
              return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          }
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < entry_count; i++) {
              ext_list->list[idx].entrypoints[i] =
                  loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, strlen(entrys[i]) + 1, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
              if (ext_list->list[idx].entrypoints[i] == NULL) {
                  for (uint32_t j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                      loader_instance_heap_free(inst, ext_list->list[idx].entrypoints[j]);
                  }
                  loader_instance_heap_free(inst, ext_list->list[idx].entrypoints);
                  ext_list->list[idx].entrypoint_count = 0;
                  ext_list->list[idx].entrypoints = NULL;
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loader_add_to_dev_ext_list: Failed to allocate space "
                             "for device extension entrypoint %d name",
                             i);
                  return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              }
              strcpy(ext_list->list[idx].entrypoints[i], entrys[i]);
          }
      }
      ext_list->count++;
  
      return VK_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  // Prototypes needed.
  bool loaderAddMetaLayer(const struct loader_instance *inst, const struct loader_layer_properties *prop,
                          struct loader_layer_list *target_list, struct loader_layer_list *expanded_target_list,
                          const struct loader_layer_list *source_list);
  
  // Manage lists of VkLayerProperties
  static bool loaderInitLayerList(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *list) {
      list->capacity = 32 * sizeof(struct loader_layer_properties);
      list->list = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, list->capacity, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
      if (list->list == NULL) {
          return false;
      }
      memset(list->list, 0, list->capacity);
      list->count = 0;
      return true;
  }
  
  // Search the given layer list for a list matching the given VkLayerProperties
  bool loaderListHasLayerProperty(const VkLayerProperties *vk_layer_prop, const struct loader_layer_list *list) {
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < list->count; i++) {
          if (strcmp(vk_layer_prop->layerName, list->list[i].info.layerName) == 0) return true;
      }
      return false;
  }
  
  void loaderDestroyLayerList(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_device *device,
                              struct loader_layer_list *layer_list) {
      if (device) {
          loader_device_heap_free(device, layer_list->list);
      } else {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, layer_list->list);
      }
      layer_list->count = 0;
      layer_list->capacity = 0;
  }
  
  // Append non-duplicate layer properties defined in prop_list to the given layer_info list
  VkResult loaderAddLayerPropertiesToList(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *list,
                                          uint32_t prop_list_count, const struct loader_layer_properties *props) {
      uint32_t i;
      struct loader_layer_properties *layer;
  
      if (list->list == NULL || list->capacity == 0) {
          if (!loaderInitLayerList(inst, list)) {
              return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          }
      }
  
      if (list->list == NULL) return VK_SUCCESS;
  
      for (i = 0; i < prop_list_count; i++) {
          layer = (struct loader_layer_properties *)&props[i];
  
          // Look for duplicates, and skip
          if (loaderListHasLayerProperty(&layer->info, list)) {
              continue;
          }
  
          // Check for enough capacity
          if (((list->count + 1) * sizeof(struct loader_layer_properties)) >= list->capacity) {
              size_t new_capacity = list->capacity * 2;
              void *new_ptr =
                  loader_instance_heap_realloc(inst, list->list, list->capacity, new_capacity, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
              if (NULL == new_ptr) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loaderAddLayerPropertiesToList: Realloc failed for when attempting to add new layer");
                  return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              }
              list->list = new_ptr;
              list->capacity = new_capacity;
          }
  
          memcpy(&list->list[list->count], layer, sizeof(struct loader_layer_properties));
          list->count++;
      }
  
      return VK_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  // Search the given search_list for any layers in the props list.  Add these to the
  // output layer_list.  Don't add duplicates to the output layer_list.
  static VkResult loaderAddLayerNamesToList(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *output_list,
                                            struct loader_layer_list *expanded_output_list, uint32_t name_count,
                                            const char *const *names, const struct loader_layer_list *source_list) {
      struct loader_layer_properties *layer_prop;
      VkResult err = VK_SUCCESS;
  
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < name_count; i++) {
          const char *source_name = names[i];
          layer_prop = loaderFindLayerProperty(source_name, source_list);
          if (NULL == layer_prop) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "loaderAddLayerNamesToList: Unable to find layer %s", source_name);
              err = VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT;
              continue;
          }
  
          // If not a meta-layer, simply add it.
          if (0 == (layer_prop->type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER)) {
              if (!loaderListHasLayerProperty(&layer_prop->info, output_list)) {
                  loaderAddLayerPropertiesToList(inst, output_list, 1, layer_prop);
              }
              if (!loaderListHasLayerProperty(&layer_prop->info, expanded_output_list)) {
                  loaderAddLayerPropertiesToList(inst, expanded_output_list, 1, layer_prop);
              }
          } else {
              if (!loaderListHasLayerProperty(&layer_prop->info, output_list) ||
                  !loaderListHasLayerProperty(&layer_prop->info, expanded_output_list)) {
                  loaderAddMetaLayer(inst, layer_prop, output_list, expanded_output_list, source_list);
              }
          }
      }
  
      return err;
  }
  
  static bool checkExpiration(const struct loader_instance *inst, const struct loader_layer_properties *prop) {
      time_t current = time(NULL);
      struct tm tm_current = *localtime(&current);
  
      struct tm tm_expiration = {
          .tm_sec = 0,
          .tm_min = prop->expiration.minute,
          .tm_hour = prop->expiration.hour,
          .tm_mday = prop->expiration.day,
          .tm_mon = prop->expiration.month - 1,
          .tm_year = prop->expiration.year - 1900,
          .tm_isdst = tm_current.tm_isdst,
          // wday and yday are ignored by mktime
      };
      time_t expiration = mktime(&tm_expiration);
  
      return current < expiration;
  }
  
  // Determine if the provided implicit layer should be enabled by querying the appropriate environmental variables.
  // For an implicit layer, at least a disable environment variable is required.
  bool loaderImplicitLayerIsEnabled(const struct loader_instance *inst, const struct loader_layer_properties *prop) {
      bool enable = false;
      char *env_value = NULL;
  
      // If no enable_environment variable is specified, this implicit layer is always be enabled by default.
      if (prop->enable_env_var.name[0] == 0) {
          enable = true;
      } else {
          // Otherwise, only enable this layer if the enable environment variable is defined
          env_value = loader_getenv(prop->enable_env_var.name, inst);
          if (env_value && !strcmp(prop->enable_env_var.value, env_value)) {
              enable = true;
          }
          loader_free_getenv(env_value, inst);
      }
  
      // The disable_environment has priority over everything else.  If it is defined, the layer is always
      // disabled.
      env_value = loader_getenv(prop->disable_env_var.name, inst);
      if (env_value) {
          enable = false;
      }
      loader_free_getenv(env_value, inst);
  
      // If this layer has an expiration, check it to determine if this layer has expired.
      if (prop->has_expiration) {
          enable = checkExpiration(inst, prop);
      }
  
      // Enable this layer if it is included in the override layer
      if (inst != NULL && inst->override_layer_present) {
          struct loader_layer_properties *override = NULL;
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inst->instance_layer_list.count; ++i) {
              if (strcmp(inst->instance_layer_list.list[i].info.layerName, VK_OVERRIDE_LAYER_NAME) == 0) {
                  override = &inst->instance_layer_list.list[i];
                  break;
              }
          }
          if (override != NULL) {
              for (uint32_t i = 0; i < override->num_component_layers; ++i) {
                  if (strcmp(override->component_layer_names[i], prop->info.layerName) == 0) {
                      enable = true;
                      break;
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      return enable;
  }
  
  // Check the individual implicit layer for the enable/disable environment variable settings.  Only add it after
  // every check has passed indicating it should be used.
  static void loaderAddImplicitLayer(const struct loader_instance *inst, const struct loader_layer_properties *prop,
                                     struct loader_layer_list *target_list, struct loader_layer_list *expanded_target_list,
                                     const struct loader_layer_list *source_list) {
      bool enable = loaderImplicitLayerIsEnabled(inst, prop);
  
      // If the implicit layer is supposed to be enable, make sure the layer supports at least the same API version
      // that the application is asking (i.e. layer's API >= app's API).  If it's not, disable this layer.
      if (enable) {
          uint16_t layer_api_major_version = VK_VERSION_MAJOR(prop->info.specVersion);
          uint16_t layer_api_minor_version = VK_VERSION_MINOR(prop->info.specVersion);
          if (inst->app_api_major_version > layer_api_major_version ||
              (inst->app_api_major_version == layer_api_major_version && inst->app_api_minor_version > layer_api_minor_version)) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_add_implicit_layer: Disabling implicit layer %s for using an old API version %d.%d versus "
                         "application requested %d.%d",
                         prop->info.layerName, layer_api_major_version, layer_api_minor_version, inst->app_api_major_version,
                         inst->app_api_minor_version);
              enable = false;
          }
      }
  
      if (enable) {
          if (0 == (prop->type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER)) {
              if (!loaderListHasLayerProperty(&prop->info, target_list)) {
                  loaderAddLayerPropertiesToList(inst, target_list, 1, prop);
              }
              if (NULL != expanded_target_list && !loaderListHasLayerProperty(&prop->info, expanded_target_list)) {
                  loaderAddLayerPropertiesToList(inst, expanded_target_list, 1, prop);
              }
          } else {
              if (!loaderListHasLayerProperty(&prop->info, target_list) ||
                  (NULL != expanded_target_list && !loaderListHasLayerProperty(&prop->info, expanded_target_list))) {
                  loaderAddMetaLayer(inst, prop, target_list, expanded_target_list, source_list);
              }
          }
      }
  }
  
  // Add the component layers of a meta-layer to the active list of layers
  bool loaderAddMetaLayer(const struct loader_instance *inst, const struct loader_layer_properties *prop,
                          struct loader_layer_list *target_list, struct loader_layer_list *expanded_target_list,
                          const struct loader_layer_list *source_list) {
      bool found = true;
  
      // If the meta-layer isn't present in the unexpanded list, add it.
      if (!loaderListHasLayerProperty(&prop->info, target_list)) {
          loaderAddLayerPropertiesToList(inst, target_list, 1, prop);
      }
  
      // We need to add all the individual component layers
      for (uint32_t comp_layer = 0; comp_layer < prop->num_component_layers; comp_layer++) {
          bool found_comp = false;
          const struct loader_layer_properties *search_prop =
              loaderFindLayerProperty(prop->component_layer_names[comp_layer], source_list);
          if (search_prop != NULL) {
              found_comp = true;
  
              // If the component layer is itself an implicit layer, we need to do the implicit layer enable
              // checks
              if (0 == (search_prop->type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_EXPLICIT_LAYER)) {
                  loaderAddImplicitLayer(inst, search_prop, target_list, expanded_target_list, source_list);
              } else {
                  if (0 != (search_prop->type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER)) {
                      found = loaderAddMetaLayer(inst, search_prop, target_list, expanded_target_list, source_list);
                  } else {
                      // Otherwise, just make sure it hasn't already been added to either list before we add it
                      if (!loaderListHasLayerProperty(&search_prop->info, target_list)) {
                          loaderAddLayerPropertiesToList(inst, target_list, 1, search_prop);
                      }
                      if (NULL != expanded_target_list && !loaderListHasLayerProperty(&search_prop->info, expanded_target_list)) {
                          loaderAddLayerPropertiesToList(inst, expanded_target_list, 1, search_prop);
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
          if (!found_comp) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loaderAddMetaLayer: Failed to find layer name %s component layer "
                         "%s to activate",
                         search_prop->info.layerName, prop->component_layer_names[comp_layer]);
              found = false;
          }
      }
  
      // Add this layer to the overall target list (not the expanded one)
      if (found && !loaderListHasLayerProperty(&prop->info, target_list)) {
          loaderAddLayerPropertiesToList(inst, target_list, 1, prop);
      }
  
      return found;
  }
  
  // Search the source_list for any layer with a name that matches the given name and a type
  // that matches the given type.  Add all matching layers to the target_list.
  // Do not add if found loader_layer_properties is already on the target_list.
  void loaderAddLayerNameToList(const struct loader_instance *inst, const char *name, const enum layer_type_flags type_flags,
                                const struct loader_layer_list *source_list, struct loader_layer_list *target_list,
                                struct loader_layer_list *expanded_target_list) {
      bool found = false;
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < source_list->count; i++) {
          struct loader_layer_properties *source_prop = &source_list->list[i];
          if (0 == strcmp(source_prop->info.layerName, name) && (source_prop->type_flags & type_flags) == type_flags) {
              // If not a meta-layer, simply add it.
              if (0 == (source_prop->type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER)) {
                  if (!loaderListHasLayerProperty(&source_prop->info, target_list) &&
                      VK_SUCCESS == loaderAddLayerPropertiesToList(inst, target_list, 1, source_prop)) {
                      found = true;
                  }
                  if (!loaderListHasLayerProperty(&source_prop->info, expanded_target_list) &&
                      VK_SUCCESS == loaderAddLayerPropertiesToList(inst, expanded_target_list, 1, source_prop)) {
                      found = true;
                  }
              } else {
                  found = loaderAddMetaLayer(inst, source_prop, target_list, expanded_target_list, source_list);
              }
          }
      }
      if (!found) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0, "loaderAddLayerNameToList: Failed to find layer name %s to activate",
                     name);
      }
  }
  
  static VkExtensionProperties *get_extension_property(const char *name, const struct loader_extension_list *list) {
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < list->count; i++) {
          if (strcmp(name, list->list[i].extensionName) == 0) return &list->list[i];
      }
      return NULL;
  }
  
  static VkExtensionProperties *get_dev_extension_property(const char *name, const struct loader_device_extension_list *list) {
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < list->count; i++) {
          if (strcmp(name, list->list[i].props.extensionName) == 0) return &list->list[i].props;
      }
      return NULL;
  }
  
  // For Instance extensions implemented within the loader (i.e. DEBUG_REPORT
  // the extension must provide two entry points for the loader to use:
  // - "trampoline" entry point - this is the address returned by GetProcAddr
  //                              and will always do what's necessary to support a
  //                              global call.
  // - "terminator" function    - this function will be put at the end of the
  //                              instance chain and will contain the necessary logic
  //                              to call / process the extension for the appropriate
  //                              ICDs that are available.
  // There is no generic mechanism for including these functions, the references
  // must be placed into the appropriate loader entry points.
  // GetInstanceProcAddr: call extension GetInstanceProcAddr to check for GetProcAddr
  // requests
  // loader_coalesce_extensions(void) - add extension records to the list of global
  //                                    extension available to the app.
  // instance_disp                    - add function pointer for terminator function
  //                                    to this array.
  // The extension itself should be in a separate file that will be linked directly
  // with the loader.
  VkResult loader_get_icd_loader_instance_extensions(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_icd_tramp_list *icd_tramp_list,
                                                     struct loader_extension_list *inst_exts) {
      struct loader_extension_list icd_exts;
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
      char *env_value;
      bool filter_extensions = true;
  
      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0, "Build ICD instance extension list");
  
      // Check if a user wants to disable the instance extension filtering behavior
      env_value = loader_getenv("VK_LOADER_DISABLE_INST_EXT_FILTER", inst);
      if (NULL != env_value && atoi(env_value) != 0) {
          filter_extensions = false;
      }
      loader_free_getenv(env_value, inst);
  
      // traverse scanned icd list adding non-duplicate extensions to the list
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < icd_tramp_list->count; i++) {
          res = loader_init_generic_list(inst, (struct loader_generic_list *)&icd_exts, sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
          if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
              goto out;
          }
          res = loader_add_instance_extensions(inst, icd_tramp_list->scanned_list[i].EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties,
                                               icd_tramp_list->scanned_list[i].lib_name, &icd_exts);
          if (VK_SUCCESS == res) {
              if (filter_extensions) {
                  // Remove any extensions not recognized by the loader
                  for (int32_t j = 0; j < (int32_t)icd_exts.count; j++) {
                      // See if the extension is in the list of supported extensions
                      bool found = false;
                      for (uint32_t k = 0; LOADER_INSTANCE_EXTENSIONS[k] != NULL; k++) {
                          if (strcmp(icd_exts.list[j].extensionName, LOADER_INSTANCE_EXTENSIONS[k]) == 0) {
                              found = true;
                              break;
                          }
                      }
  
                      // If it isn't in the list, remove it
                      if (!found) {
                          for (uint32_t k = j + 1; k < icd_exts.count; k++) {
                              icd_exts.list[k - 1] = icd_exts.list[k];
                          }
                          --icd_exts.count;
                          --j;
                      }
                  }
              }
  
              res = loader_add_to_ext_list(inst, inst_exts, icd_exts.count, icd_exts.list);
          }
          loader_destroy_generic_list(inst, (struct loader_generic_list *)&icd_exts);
          if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
              goto out;
          }
      };
  
      // Traverse loader's extensions, adding non-duplicate extensions to the list
      debug_utils_AddInstanceExtensions(inst, inst_exts);
  
  out:
      return res;
  }
  
  struct loader_icd_term *loader_get_icd_and_device(const void *device, struct loader_device **found_dev, uint32_t *icd_index) {
      *found_dev = NULL;
      for (struct loader_instance *inst = loader.instances; inst; inst = inst->next) {
          uint32_t index = 0;
          for (struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = inst->icd_terms; icd_term; icd_term = icd_term->next) {
              for (struct loader_device *dev = icd_term->logical_device_list; dev; dev = dev->next)
                  // Value comparison of device prevents object wrapping by layers
                  if (loader_get_dispatch(dev->icd_device) == loader_get_dispatch(device) ||
                      (dev->chain_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE &&
                       loader_get_dispatch(dev->chain_device) == loader_get_dispatch(device))) {
                      *found_dev = dev;
                      if (NULL != icd_index) {
                          *icd_index = index;
                      }
                      return icd_term;
                  }
              index++;
          }
      }
      return NULL;
  }
  
  void loader_destroy_logical_device(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_device *dev,
                                     const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator) {
      if (pAllocator) {
          dev->alloc_callbacks = *pAllocator;
      }
      if (NULL != dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.list) {
          loaderDeactivateLayers(inst, dev, &dev->expanded_activated_layer_list);
      }
      if (NULL != dev->app_activated_layer_list.list) {
          loaderDestroyLayerList(inst, dev, &dev->app_activated_layer_list);
      }
      loader_device_heap_free(dev, dev);
  }
  
  struct loader_device *loader_create_logical_device(const struct loader_instance *inst, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator) {
      struct loader_device *new_dev;
  #if (DEBUG_DISABLE_APP_ALLOCATORS == 1)
      {
  #else
      if (pAllocator) {
          new_dev = (struct loader_device *)pAllocator->pfnAllocation(pAllocator->pUserData, sizeof(struct loader_device),
                                                                      sizeof(int *), VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_DEVICE);
      } else {
  #endif
          new_dev = (struct loader_device *)malloc(sizeof(struct loader_device));
      }
  
      if (!new_dev) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loader_create_logical_device: Failed to alloc struct "
                     "loader_device");
          return NULL;
      }
  
      memset(new_dev, 0, sizeof(struct loader_device));
      if (pAllocator) {
          new_dev->alloc_callbacks = *pAllocator;
      }
  
      return new_dev;
  }
  
  void loader_add_logical_device(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_icd_term *icd_term, struct loader_device *dev) {
      dev->next = icd_term->logical_device_list;
      icd_term->logical_device_list = dev;
  }
  
  void loader_remove_logical_device(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_icd_term *icd_term,
                                    struct loader_device *found_dev, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator) {
      struct loader_device *dev, *prev_dev;
  
      if (!icd_term || !found_dev) return;
  
      prev_dev = NULL;
      dev = icd_term->logical_device_list;
      while (dev && dev != found_dev) {
          prev_dev = dev;
          dev = dev->next;
      }
  
      if (prev_dev)
          prev_dev->next = found_dev->next;
      else
          icd_term->logical_device_list = found_dev->next;
      loader_destroy_logical_device(inst, found_dev, pAllocator);
  }
  
  static void loader_icd_destroy(struct loader_instance *ptr_inst, struct loader_icd_term *icd_term,
                                 const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator) {
      ptr_inst->total_icd_count--;
      for (struct loader_device *dev = icd_term->logical_device_list; dev;) {
          struct loader_device *next_dev = dev->next;
          loader_destroy_logical_device(ptr_inst, dev, pAllocator);
          dev = next_dev;
      }
  
      loader_instance_heap_free(ptr_inst, icd_term);
  }
  
  static struct loader_icd_term *loader_icd_create(const struct loader_instance *inst) {
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term;
  
      icd_term = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, sizeof(struct loader_icd_term), VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
      if (!icd_term) {
          return NULL;
      }
  
      memset(icd_term, 0, sizeof(struct loader_icd_term));
  
      return icd_term;
  }
  
  static struct loader_icd_term *loader_icd_add(struct loader_instance *ptr_inst, const struct loader_scanned_icd *scanned_icd) {
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term;
  
      icd_term = loader_icd_create(ptr_inst);
      if (!icd_term) {
          return NULL;
      }
  
      icd_term->scanned_icd = scanned_icd;
      icd_term->this_instance = ptr_inst;
  
      // Prepend to the list
      icd_term->next = ptr_inst->icd_terms;
      ptr_inst->icd_terms = icd_term;
      ptr_inst->total_icd_count++;
  
      return icd_term;
  }
  
  // Determine the ICD interface version to use.
  //     @param icd
  //     @param pVersion Output parameter indicating which version to use or 0 if
  //            the negotiation API is not supported by the ICD
  //     @return  bool indicating true if the selected interface version is supported
  //            by the loader, false indicates the version is not supported
  bool loader_get_icd_interface_version(PFN_vkNegotiateLoaderICDInterfaceVersion fp_negotiate_icd_version, uint32_t *pVersion) {
      if (fp_negotiate_icd_version == NULL) {
          // ICD does not support the negotiation API, it supports version 0 or 1
          // calling code must determine if it is version 0 or 1
          *pVersion = 0;
      } else {
          // ICD supports the negotiation API, so call it with the loader's
          // latest version supported
          *pVersion = CURRENT_LOADER_ICD_INTERFACE_VERSION;
          VkResult result = fp_negotiate_icd_version(pVersion);
  
          if (result == VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER) {
              // ICD no longer supports the loader's latest interface version so
              // fail loading the ICD
              return false;
          }
      }
  
  #if MIN_SUPPORTED_LOADER_ICD_INTERFACE_VERSION > 0
      if (*pVersion < MIN_SUPPORTED_LOADER_ICD_INTERFACE_VERSION) {
          // Loader no longer supports the ICD's latest interface version so fail
          // loading the ICD
          return false;
      }
  #endif
      return true;
  }
  
  void loader_scanned_icd_clear(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_icd_tramp_list *icd_tramp_list) {
      if (0 != icd_tramp_list->capacity) {
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < icd_tramp_list->count; i++) {
              loader_platform_close_library(icd_tramp_list->scanned_list[i].handle);
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, icd_tramp_list->scanned_list[i].lib_name);
          }
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, icd_tramp_list->scanned_list);
          icd_tramp_list->capacity = 0;
          icd_tramp_list->count = 0;
          icd_tramp_list->scanned_list = NULL;
      }
  }
  
  static VkResult loader_scanned_icd_init(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_icd_tramp_list *icd_tramp_list) {
      VkResult err = VK_SUCCESS;
      loader_scanned_icd_clear(inst, icd_tramp_list);
      icd_tramp_list->capacity = 8 * sizeof(struct loader_scanned_icd);
      icd_tramp_list->scanned_list = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, icd_tramp_list->capacity, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
      if (NULL == icd_tramp_list->scanned_list) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loader_scanned_icd_init: Realloc failed for layer list when "
                     "attempting to add new layer");
          err = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
      }
      return err;
  }
  
  static VkResult loader_scanned_icd_add(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_icd_tramp_list *icd_tramp_list,
                                         const char *filename, uint32_t api_version) {
      loader_platform_dl_handle handle;
      PFN_vkCreateInstance fp_create_inst;
      PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties fp_get_inst_ext_props;
      PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr fp_get_proc_addr;
      PFN_GetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr fp_get_phys_dev_proc_addr = NULL;
      PFN_vkNegotiateLoaderICDInterfaceVersion fp_negotiate_icd_version;
      struct loader_scanned_icd *new_scanned_icd;
      uint32_t interface_vers;
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
  
      // TODO implement smarter opening/closing of libraries. For now this
      // function leaves libraries open and the scanned_icd_clear closes them
      handle = loader_platform_open_library(filename);
      if (NULL == handle) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, loader_platform_open_library_error(filename));
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Get and settle on an ICD interface version
      fp_negotiate_icd_version = loader_platform_get_proc_address(handle, "vk_icdNegotiateLoaderICDInterfaceVersion");
  
      if (!loader_get_icd_interface_version(fp_negotiate_icd_version, &interface_vers)) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loader_scanned_icd_add: ICD %s doesn't support interface"
                     " version compatible with loader, skip this ICD.",
                     filename);
          goto out;
      }
  
      fp_get_proc_addr = loader_platform_get_proc_address(handle, "vk_icdGetInstanceProcAddr");
      if (NULL == fp_get_proc_addr) {
          assert(interface_vers == 0);
          // Use deprecated interface from version 0
          fp_get_proc_addr = loader_platform_get_proc_address(handle, "vkGetInstanceProcAddr");
          if (NULL == fp_get_proc_addr) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_scanned_icd_add: Attempt to retrieve either "
                         "\'vkGetInstanceProcAddr\' or "
                         "\'vk_icdGetInstanceProcAddr\' from ICD %s failed.",
                         filename);
              goto out;
          } else {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_scanned_icd_add: Using deprecated ICD "
                         "interface of \'vkGetInstanceProcAddr\' instead of "
                         "\'vk_icdGetInstanceProcAddr\' for ICD %s",
                         filename);
          }
          fp_create_inst = loader_platform_get_proc_address(handle, "vkCreateInstance");
          if (NULL == fp_create_inst) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_scanned_icd_add:  Failed querying "
                         "\'vkCreateInstance\' via dlsym/loadlibrary for "
                         "ICD %s",
                         filename);
              goto out;
          }
          fp_get_inst_ext_props = loader_platform_get_proc_address(handle, "vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties");
          if (NULL == fp_get_inst_ext_props) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_scanned_icd_add: Could not get \'vkEnumerate"
                         "InstanceExtensionProperties\' via dlsym/loadlibrary "
                         "for ICD %s",
                         filename);
              goto out;
          }
      } else {
          // Use newer interface version 1 or later
          if (interface_vers == 0) {
              interface_vers = 1;
          }
  
          fp_create_inst = (PFN_vkCreateInstance)fp_get_proc_addr(NULL, "vkCreateInstance");
          if (NULL == fp_create_inst) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_scanned_icd_add: Could not get "
                         "\'vkCreateInstance\' via \'vk_icdGetInstanceProcAddr\'"
                         " for ICD %s",
                         filename);
              goto out;
          }
          fp_get_inst_ext_props =
              (PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties)fp_get_proc_addr(NULL, "vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties");
          if (NULL == fp_get_inst_ext_props) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_scanned_icd_add: Could not get \'vkEnumerate"
                         "InstanceExtensionProperties\' via "
                         "\'vk_icdGetInstanceProcAddr\' for ICD %s",
                         filename);
              goto out;
          }
          fp_get_phys_dev_proc_addr = loader_platform_get_proc_address(handle, "vk_icdGetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr");
      }
  
      // check for enough capacity
      if ((icd_tramp_list->count * sizeof(struct loader_scanned_icd)) >= icd_tramp_list->capacity) {
          void *new_ptr = loader_instance_heap_realloc(inst, icd_tramp_list->scanned_list, icd_tramp_list->capacity,
                                                       icd_tramp_list->capacity * 2, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (NULL == new_ptr) {
              res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_scanned_icd_add: Realloc failed on icd library list for ICD %s", filename);
              goto out;
          }
          icd_tramp_list->scanned_list = new_ptr;
  
          // double capacity
          icd_tramp_list->capacity *= 2;
      }
  
      new_scanned_icd = &(icd_tramp_list->scanned_list[icd_tramp_list->count]);
      new_scanned_icd->handle = handle;
      new_scanned_icd->api_version = api_version;
      new_scanned_icd->GetInstanceProcAddr = fp_get_proc_addr;
      new_scanned_icd->GetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr = fp_get_phys_dev_proc_addr;
      new_scanned_icd->EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties = fp_get_inst_ext_props;
      new_scanned_icd->CreateInstance = fp_create_inst;
      new_scanned_icd->interface_version = interface_vers;
  
      new_scanned_icd->lib_name = (char *)loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, strlen(filename) + 1, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
      if (NULL == new_scanned_icd->lib_name) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "loader_scanned_icd_add: Out of memory can't add ICD %s", filename);
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
      strcpy(new_scanned_icd->lib_name, filename);
      icd_tramp_list->count++;
  
  out:
  
      return res;
  }
  
  static void loader_debug_init(void) {
      char *env, *orig;
  
      if (g_loader_debug > 0) return;
  
      g_loader_debug = 0;
  
      // Parse comma-separated debug options
      orig = env = loader_getenv("VK_LOADER_DEBUG", NULL);
      while (env) {
          char *p = strchr(env, ',');
          size_t len;
  
          if (p)
              len = p - env;
          else
              len = strlen(env);
  
          if (len > 0) {
              if (strncmp(env, "all", len) == 0) {
                  g_loader_debug = ~0u;
                  g_loader_log_msgs = ~0u;
              } else if (strncmp(env, "warn", len) == 0) {
                  g_loader_debug |= LOADER_WARN_BIT;
                  g_loader_log_msgs |= VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT;
              } else if (strncmp(env, "info", len) == 0) {
                  g_loader_debug |= LOADER_INFO_BIT;
                  g_loader_log_msgs |= VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT;
              } else if (strncmp(env, "perf", len) == 0) {
                  g_loader_debug |= LOADER_PERF_BIT;
                  g_loader_log_msgs |= VK_DEBUG_REPORT_PERFORMANCE_WARNING_BIT_EXT;
              } else if (strncmp(env, "error", len) == 0) {
                  g_loader_debug |= LOADER_ERROR_BIT;
                  g_loader_log_msgs |= VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
              } else if (strncmp(env, "debug", len) == 0) {
                  g_loader_debug |= LOADER_DEBUG_BIT;
                  g_loader_log_msgs |= VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT;
              }
          }
  
          if (!p) break;
  
          env = p + 1;
      }
  
      loader_free_getenv(orig, NULL);
  }
  
  void loader_initialize(void) {
      // initialize mutexes
      loader_platform_thread_create_mutex(&loader_lock);
      loader_platform_thread_create_mutex(&loader_json_lock);
      loader_platform_thread_create_mutex(&loader_preload_icd_lock);
      // initialize logging
      loader_debug_init();
  
      // initial cJSON to use alloc callbacks
      cJSON_Hooks alloc_fns = {
          .malloc_fn = loader_instance_tls_heap_alloc, .free_fn = loader_instance_tls_heap_free,
      };
      cJSON_InitHooks(&alloc_fns);
  
  #if defined(_WIN32)
      // This is needed to ensure that newer APIs are available right away
      // and not after the first call that has been statically linked
      LoadLibrary("gdi32.dll");
  #endif
  }
  
  struct loader_data_files {
      uint32_t count;
      uint32_t alloc_count;
      char **filename_list;
  };
  
  void loader_release() {
      // Guarantee release of the preloaded ICD libraries. This may have already been called in vkDestroyInstance.
      loader_unload_preloaded_icds();
  
      // release mutexes
      loader_platform_thread_delete_mutex(&loader_lock);
      loader_platform_thread_delete_mutex(&loader_json_lock);
      loader_platform_thread_delete_mutex(&loader_preload_icd_lock);
  }
  
  // Preload the ICD libraries that are likely to be needed so we don't repeatedly load/unload them later
  void loader_preload_icds(void) {
      loader_platform_thread_lock_mutex(&loader_preload_icd_lock);
  
      // Already preloaded, skip loading again.
      if (scanned_icds.scanned_list != NULL) {
          loader_platform_thread_unlock_mutex(&loader_preload_icd_lock);
          return;
      }
  
      memset(&scanned_icds, 0, sizeof(scanned_icds));
      VkResult result = loader_icd_scan(NULL, &scanned_icds);
      if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
          loader_scanned_icd_clear(NULL, &scanned_icds);
      }
      loader_platform_thread_unlock_mutex(&loader_preload_icd_lock);
  }
  
  // Release the ICD libraries that were preloaded
  void loader_unload_preloaded_icds(void) {
      loader_platform_thread_lock_mutex(&loader_preload_icd_lock);
      loader_scanned_icd_clear(NULL, &scanned_icds);
      loader_platform_thread_unlock_mutex(&loader_preload_icd_lock);
  }
  
  // Get next file or dirname given a string list or registry key path
  //
  // \returns
  // A pointer to first char in the next path.
  // The next path (or NULL) in the list is returned in next_path.
  // Note: input string is modified in some cases. PASS IN A COPY!
  static char *loader_get_next_path(char *path) {
      uint32_t len;
      char *next;
  
      if (path == NULL) return NULL;
      next = strchr(path, PATH_SEPARATOR);
      if (next == NULL) {
          len = (uint32_t)strlen(path);
          next = path + len;
      } else {
          *next = '\0';
          next++;
      }
  
      return next;
  }
  
  // Given a path which is absolute or relative, expand the path if relative or
  // leave the path unmodified if absolute. The base path to prepend to relative
  // paths is given in rel_base.
  //
  // @return - A string in out_fullpath of the full absolute path
  static void loader_expand_path(const char *path, const char *rel_base, size_t out_size, char *out_fullpath) {
      if (loader_platform_is_path_absolute(path)) {
          // do not prepend a base to an absolute path
          rel_base = "";
      }
  
      loader_platform_combine_path(out_fullpath, out_size, rel_base, path, NULL);
  }
  
  // Given a filename (file)  and a list of paths (dir), try to find an existing
  // file in the paths.  If filename already is a path then no searching in the given paths.
  //
  // @return - A string in out_fullpath of either the full path or file.
  static void loader_get_fullpath(const char *file, const char *dirs, size_t out_size, char *out_fullpath) {
      if (!loader_platform_is_path(file) && *dirs) {
          char *dirs_copy, *dir, *next_dir;
  
          dirs_copy = loader_stack_alloc(strlen(dirs) + 1);
          strcpy(dirs_copy, dirs);
  
          // find if file exists after prepending paths in given list
          for (dir = dirs_copy; *dir && (next_dir = loader_get_next_path(dir)); dir = next_dir) {
              loader_platform_combine_path(out_fullpath, out_size, dir, file, NULL);
              if (loader_platform_file_exists(out_fullpath)) {
                  return;
              }
          }
      }
  
      (void)snprintf(out_fullpath, out_size, "%s", file);
  }
  
  // Read a JSON file into a buffer.
  //
  // @return -  A pointer to a cJSON object representing the JSON parse tree.
  //            This returned buffer should be freed by caller.
  static VkResult loader_get_json(const struct loader_instance *inst, const char *filename, cJSON **json) {
      FILE *file = NULL;
      char *json_buf;
      size_t len;
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
  
      if (NULL == json) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "loader_get_json: Received invalid JSON file");
          res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          goto out;
      }
  
      *json = NULL;
  
      file = fopen(filename, "rb");
      if (!file) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "loader_get_json: Failed to open JSON file %s", filename);
          res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          goto out;
      }
      fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
      len = ftell(file);
      fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
      json_buf = (char *)loader_stack_alloc(len + 1);
      if (json_buf == NULL) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loader_get_json: Failed to allocate space for "
                     "JSON file %s buffer of length %d",
                     filename, len);
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
      if (fread(json_buf, sizeof(char), len, file) != len) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "loader_get_json: Failed to read JSON file %s.", filename);
          res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          goto out;
      }
      json_buf[len] = '\0';
  
      // Can't be a valid json if the string is of length zero
      if (len == 0) {
          res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          goto out;
      }
      // Parse text from file
      *json = cJSON_Parse(json_buf);
      if (*json == NULL) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loader_get_json: Failed to parse JSON file %s, "
                     "this is usually because something ran out of "
                     "memory.",
                     filename);
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
  
  out:
      if (NULL != file) {
          fclose(file);
      }
  
      return res;
  }
  
  // Verify that all component layers in a meta-layer are valid.
  static bool verifyMetaLayerComponentLayers(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_properties *prop,
                                             struct loader_layer_list *instance_layers) {
      bool success = true;
      const uint32_t expected_major = VK_VERSION_MAJOR(prop->info.specVersion);
      const uint32_t expected_minor = VK_VERSION_MINOR(prop->info.specVersion);
  
      for (uint32_t comp_layer = 0; comp_layer < prop->num_component_layers; comp_layer++) {
          if (!loaderFindLayerNameInList(prop->component_layer_names[comp_layer], instance_layers)) {
              if (NULL != inst) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "verifyMetaLayerComponentLayers: Meta-layer %s can't find component layer %s at index %d."
                             "  Skipping this layer.",
                             prop->info.layerName, prop->component_layer_names[comp_layer], comp_layer);
              }
              success = false;
              break;
          } else {
              struct loader_layer_properties *comp_prop =
                  loaderFindLayerProperty(prop->component_layer_names[comp_layer], instance_layers);
              if (comp_prop == NULL) {
                  if (NULL != inst) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "verifyMetaLayerComponentLayers: Meta-layer %s can't find property for component layer "
                                 "%s at index %d.  Skipping this layer.",
                                 prop->info.layerName, prop->component_layer_names[comp_layer], comp_layer);
                  }
                  success = false;
                  break;
              }
  
              // Check the version of each layer, they need to at least match MAJOR and MINOR
              uint32_t cur_major = VK_VERSION_MAJOR(comp_prop->info.specVersion);
              uint32_t cur_minor = VK_VERSION_MINOR(comp_prop->info.specVersion);
              if (cur_major != expected_major || cur_minor != expected_minor) {
                  if (NULL != inst) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "verifyMetaLayerComponentLayers: Meta-layer uses API version %d.%d, but component "
                                 "layer %d uses API version %d.%d.  Skipping this layer.",
                                 expected_major, expected_minor, comp_layer, cur_major, cur_minor);
                  }
                  success = false;
                  break;
              }
  
              // Make sure the layer isn't using it's own name
              if (!strcmp(prop->info.layerName, prop->component_layer_names[comp_layer])) {
                  if (NULL != inst) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "verifyMetaLayerComponentLayers: Meta-layer %s lists itself in its component layer "
                                 "list at index %d.  Skipping this layer.",
                                 prop->info.layerName, comp_layer);
                  }
                  success = false;
                  break;
              }
              if (comp_prop->type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER) {
                  if (NULL != inst) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "verifyMetaLayerComponentLayers: Adding meta-layer %s which also contains meta-layer %s",
                                 prop->info.layerName, comp_prop->info.layerName);
                  }
  
                  // Make sure if the layer is using a meta-layer in its component list that we also verify that.
                  if (!verifyMetaLayerComponentLayers(inst, comp_prop, instance_layers)) {
                      if (NULL != inst) {
                          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                     "Meta-layer %s component layer %s can not find all component layers."
                                     "  Skipping this layer.",
                                     prop->info.layerName, prop->component_layer_names[comp_layer]);
                      }
                      success = false;
                      break;
                  }
              }
  
              // Add any instance and device extensions from component layers to this layer
              // list, so that anyone querying extensions will only need to look at the meta-layer
              for (uint32_t ext = 0; ext < comp_prop->instance_extension_list.count; ext++) {
                  if (NULL != inst) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "Meta-layer %s component layer %s adding instance extension %s", prop->info.layerName,
                                 prop->component_layer_names[comp_layer], comp_prop->instance_extension_list.list[ext].extensionName);
                  }
                  if (!has_vk_extension_property(&comp_prop->instance_extension_list.list[ext], &prop->instance_extension_list)) {
                      loader_add_to_ext_list(inst, &prop->instance_extension_list, 1, &comp_prop->instance_extension_list.list[ext]);
                  }
              }
  
              for (uint32_t ext = 0; ext < comp_prop->device_extension_list.count; ext++) {
                  if (NULL != inst) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "Meta-layer %s component layer %s adding device extension %s", prop->info.layerName,
                                 prop->component_layer_names[comp_layer],
                                 comp_prop->device_extension_list.list[ext].props.extensionName);
                  }
                  if (!has_vk_dev_ext_property(&comp_prop->device_extension_list.list[ext].props, &prop->device_extension_list)) {
                      loader_add_to_dev_ext_list(inst, &prop->device_extension_list,
                                                 &comp_prop->device_extension_list.list[ext].props, 0, NULL);
                  }
              }
          }
      }
      if (success) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0, "Meta-layer %s all %d component layers appear to be valid.",
                     prop->info.layerName, prop->num_component_layers);
      }
      return success;
  }
  
  // Verify that all meta-layers in a layer list are valid.
  static void VerifyAllMetaLayers(struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *instance_layers,
                                  bool *override_layer_present) {
      *override_layer_present = false;
      for (int32_t i = 0; i < (int32_t)instance_layers->count; i++) {
          struct loader_layer_properties *prop = &instance_layers->list[i];
  
          // If this is a meta-layer, make sure it is valid
          if ((prop->type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER) && !verifyMetaLayerComponentLayers(inst, prop, instance_layers)) {
              if (NULL != inst) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "Removing meta-layer %s from instance layer list since it appears invalid.", prop->info.layerName);
              }
  
              // Delete the component layers
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, prop->component_layer_names);
              if (prop->blacklist_layer_names != NULL) {
                  loader_instance_heap_free(inst, prop->blacklist_layer_names);
              }
  
              // Remove the current invalid meta-layer from the layer list.  Use memmove since we are
              // overlapping the source and destination addresses.
              memmove(&instance_layers->list[i], &instance_layers->list[i + 1],
                      sizeof(struct loader_layer_properties) * (instance_layers->count - 1 - i));
  
              // Decrement the count (because we now have one less) and decrement the loop index since we need to
              // re-check this index.
              instance_layers->count--;
              i--;
          } else if (prop->is_override && loaderImplicitLayerIsEnabled(inst, prop)) {
              *override_layer_present = true;
          }
      }
  }
  
  // If the current working directory matches any app_key_path of the layers, remove all other override layers.
  // Otherwise if no matching app_key was found, remove all but the global override layer, which has no app_key_path.
  static void RemoveAllNonValidOverrideLayers(struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *instance_layers) {
      if (instance_layers == NULL) {
          return;
      }
  
      char cur_path[MAX_STRING_SIZE];
      char *ret = loader_platform_executable_path(cur_path, sizeof(cur_path));
      if (ret == NULL) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "RemoveAllNonValidOverrideLayers: Failed to get executable path and name");
          return;
      }
  
      // Find out if there is an override layer with same the app_key_path as the path to the current executable.
      // If more than one is found, remove it and use the first layer
      // Remove any layers which aren't global and do not have the same app_key_path as the path to the current executable.
      bool found_active_override_layer = false;
      int global_layer_index = -1;
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < instance_layers->count; i++) {
          struct loader_layer_properties *props = &instance_layers->list[i];
          if (strcmp(props->info.layerName, VK_OVERRIDE_LAYER_NAME) == 0) {
              if (props->num_app_key_paths > 0) {  // not the global layer
                  for (uint32_t j = 0; j < props->num_app_key_paths; j++) {
                      if (strcmp(props->app_key_paths[j], cur_path) == 0) {
                          if (!found_active_override_layer) {
                              found_active_override_layer = true;
                          } else {
                              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                         "RemoveAllNonValidOverrideLayers: Multiple override layers where the same"
                                         "path in app_keys was found. Using the first layer found");
  
                              // Remove duplicate active override layers that have the same app_key_path
                              loaderRemoveLayerInList(inst, instance_layers, i);
                              i--;
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  if (!found_active_override_layer) {
                      // Remove non-global override layers that don't have an app_key that matches cur_path
                      loaderRemoveLayerInList(inst, instance_layers, i);
                      i--;
                  }
              } else {
                  if (global_layer_index == -1) {
                      global_layer_index = i;
                  } else {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "RemoveAllNonValidOverrideLayers: Multiple global override layers "
                                 "found. Using the first global layer found");
                      loaderRemoveLayerInList(inst, instance_layers, i);
                      i--;
                  }
              }
          }
      }
      // Remove global layer if layer with same the app_key_path as the path to the current executable is found
      if (found_active_override_layer && global_layer_index >= 0) {
          loaderRemoveLayerInList(inst, instance_layers, global_layer_index);
      }
      // Should be at most 1 override layer in the list now.
      if (found_active_override_layer) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0, "Using the override layer for app key %s", cur_path);
      } else if (global_layer_index >= 0) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0, "Using the global override layer");
      }
  }
  
  // This structure is used to store the json file version
  // in a more manageable way.
  typedef struct {
      uint16_t major;
      uint16_t minor;
      uint16_t patch;
  } layer_json_version;
  
  static inline bool layer_json_supports_pre_instance_tag(const layer_json_version *layer_json) {
      // Supported versions started in 1.1.2, so anything newer
      return layer_json->major > 1 || layer_json->minor > 1 || (layer_json->minor == 1 && layer_json->patch > 1);
  }
  
  static VkResult loaderReadLayerJson(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *layer_instance_list,
                                      cJSON *layer_node, layer_json_version version, cJSON *item, cJSON *disable_environment,
                                      bool is_implicit, char *filename) {
      char *temp;
      char *name, *type, *library_path_str, *api_version;
      char *implementation_version, *description;
      cJSON *ext_item;
      cJSON *library_path;
      cJSON *component_layers;
      cJSON *override_paths;
      cJSON *blacklisted_layers;
      VkExtensionProperties ext_prop;
      VkResult result = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
      struct loader_layer_properties *props = NULL;
      int i, j;
  
  // The following are required in the "layer" object:
  // (required) "name"
  // (required) "type"
  // (required) "library_path"
  // (required) "api_version"
  // (required) "implementation_version"
  // (required) "description"
  // (required for implicit layers) "disable_environment"
  #define GET_JSON_OBJECT(node, var)                                         \
      {                                                                      \
          var = cJSON_GetObjectItem(node, #var);                             \
          if (var == NULL) {                                                 \
              layer_node = layer_node->next;                                 \
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,           \
                         "Didn't find required layer object %s in manifest " \
                         "JSON file, skipping this layer",                   \
                         #var);                                              \
              goto out;                                                      \
          }                                                                  \
      }
  #define GET_JSON_ITEM(node, var)                                               \
      {                                                                          \
          item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(node, #var);                                \
          if (item == NULL) {                                                    \
              layer_node = layer_node->next;                                     \
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,               \
                         "Didn't find required layer value %s in manifest JSON " \
                         "file, skipping this layer",                            \
                         #var);                                                  \
              goto out;                                                          \
          }                                                                      \
          temp = cJSON_Print(item);                                              \
          if (temp == NULL) {                                                    \
              layer_node = layer_node->next;                                     \
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,               \
                         "Problem accessing layer value %s in manifest JSON "    \
                         "file, skipping this layer",                            \
                         #var);                                                  \
              result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;                              \
              goto out;                                                          \
          }                                                                      \
          temp[strlen(temp) - 1] = '\0';                                         \
          var = loader_stack_alloc(strlen(temp) + 1);                            \
          strcpy(var, &temp[1]);                                                 \
          cJSON_Free(temp);                                                      \
      }
      GET_JSON_ITEM(layer_node, name)
      GET_JSON_ITEM(layer_node, type)
      GET_JSON_ITEM(layer_node, api_version)
      GET_JSON_ITEM(layer_node, implementation_version)
      GET_JSON_ITEM(layer_node, description)
  
      // Add list entry
      if (!strcmp(type, "DEVICE")) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0, "Device layers are deprecated skipping this layer");
          layer_node = layer_node->next;
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Allow either GLOBAL or INSTANCE type interchangeably to handle
      // layers that must work with older loaders
      if (!strcmp(type, "INSTANCE") || !strcmp(type, "GLOBAL")) {
          if (layer_instance_list == NULL) {
              layer_node = layer_node->next;
              goto out;
          }
          props = loaderGetNextLayerPropertySlot(inst, layer_instance_list);
          if (NULL == props) {
              // Error already triggered in loaderGetNextLayerPropertySlot.
              result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              goto out;
          }
          props->type_flags = VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_INSTANCE_LAYER;
          if (!is_implicit) {
              props->type_flags |= VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_EXPLICIT_LAYER;
          }
      } else {
          layer_node = layer_node->next;
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Expiration date for override layer.  Field starte with JSON file 1.1.2 and
      // is completely optional.  So, no check put in place.
      if (!strcmp(name, VK_OVERRIDE_LAYER_NAME)) {
          cJSON *expiration;
  
          if (version.major < 1 && version.minor < 1 && version.patch < 2) {
              loader_log(
                  inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                  "Override layer expiration date not added until version 1.1.2.  Please update JSON file version appropriately.");
          }
  
          props->is_override = true;
          expiration = cJSON_GetObjectItem(layer_node, "expiration_date");
          if (NULL != expiration) {
              char date_copy[32];
              uint8_t cur_item = 0;
  
              // Get the string for the current item
              temp = cJSON_Print(expiration);
              if (temp == NULL) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "Problem accessing layer value 'expiration_date' in manifest JSON file, skipping this layer");
                  result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                  goto out;
              }
              temp[strlen(temp) - 1] = '\0';
              strcpy(date_copy, &temp[1]);
              cJSON_Free(temp);
  
              if (strlen(date_copy) == 16) {
                  char *cur_start = &date_copy[0];
                  char *next_dash = strchr(date_copy, '-');
                  if (NULL != next_dash) {
                      while (cur_item < 5 && strlen(cur_start)) {
                          if (next_dash != NULL) {
                              *next_dash = '\0';
                          }
                          switch (cur_item) {
                              case 0:  // Year
                                  props->expiration.year = atoi(cur_start);
                                  break;
                              case 1:  // Month
                                  props->expiration.month = atoi(cur_start);
                                  break;
                              case 2:  // Day
                                  props->expiration.day = atoi(cur_start);
                                  break;
                              case 3:  // Hour
                                  props->expiration.hour = atoi(cur_start);
                                  break;
                              case 4:  // Minute
                                  props->expiration.minute = atoi(cur_start);
                                  props->has_expiration = true;
                                  break;
                              default:  // Ignore
                                  break;
                          }
                          if (next_dash != NULL) {
                              cur_start = next_dash + 1;
                              next_dash = strchr(cur_start, '-');
                          }
                          cur_item++;
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      // Library path no longer required unless component_layers is also not defined
      library_path = cJSON_GetObjectItem(layer_node, "library_path");
      component_layers = cJSON_GetObjectItem(layer_node, "component_layers");
      if (NULL != library_path) {
          if (NULL != component_layers) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "Indicating meta-layer-specific component_layers, but also "
                         "defining layer library path.  Both are not compatible, so "
                         "skipping this layer");
              goto out;
          }
          props->num_component_layers = 0;
          props->component_layer_names = NULL;
  
          temp = cJSON_Print(library_path);
          if (NULL == temp) {
              layer_node = layer_node->next;
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "Problem accessing layer value library_path in manifest JSON "
                         "file, skipping this layer");
              result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              goto out;
          }
          temp[strlen(temp) - 1] = '\0';
          library_path_str = loader_stack_alloc(strlen(temp) + 1);
          strcpy(library_path_str, &temp[1]);
          cJSON_Free(temp);
  
          char *fullpath = props->lib_name;
          char *rel_base;
          if (NULL != library_path_str) {
              if (loader_platform_is_path(library_path_str)) {
                  // A relative or absolute path
                  char *name_copy = loader_stack_alloc(strlen(filename) + 1);
                  strcpy(name_copy, filename);
                  rel_base = loader_platform_dirname(name_copy);
                  loader_expand_path(library_path_str, rel_base, MAX_STRING_SIZE, fullpath);
              } else {
  // A filename which is assumed in a system directory
  #if defined(DEFAULT_VK_LAYERS_PATH)
                  loader_get_fullpath(library_path_str, DEFAULT_VK_LAYERS_PATH, MAX_STRING_SIZE, fullpath);
  #else
                  loader_get_fullpath(library_path_str, "", MAX_STRING_SIZE, fullpath);
  #endif
              }
          }
      } else if (NULL != component_layers) {
          if (version.major == 1 && (version.minor < 1 || version.patch < 1)) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "Indicating meta-layer-specific component_layers, but using older "
                         "JSON file version.");
          }
          int count = cJSON_GetArraySize(component_layers);
          props->num_component_layers = count;
  
          // Allocate buffer for layer names
          props->component_layer_names =
              loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, sizeof(char[MAX_STRING_SIZE]) * count, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (NULL == props->component_layer_names) {
              result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              goto out;
          }
  
          // Copy the component layers into the array
          for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
              cJSON *comp_layer = cJSON_GetArrayItem(component_layers, i);
              if (NULL != comp_layer) {
                  temp = cJSON_Print(comp_layer);
                  if (NULL == temp) {
                      result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      goto out;
                  }
                  temp[strlen(temp) - 1] = '\0';
                  strncpy(props->component_layer_names[i], temp + 1, MAX_STRING_SIZE - 1);
                  props->component_layer_names[i][MAX_STRING_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
                  cJSON_Free(temp);
              }
          }
  
          // This is now, officially, a meta-layer
          props->type_flags |= VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER;
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0, "Encountered meta-layer %s", name);
  
          // Make sure we set up other things so we head down the correct branches below
          library_path_str = NULL;
      } else {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "Layer missing both library_path and component_layers fields.  One or the "
                     "other MUST be defined.  Skipping this layer");
          goto out;
      }
  
      props->num_blacklist_layers = 0;
      props->blacklist_layer_names = NULL;
      blacklisted_layers = cJSON_GetObjectItem(layer_node, "blacklisted_layers");
      if (blacklisted_layers != NULL) {
          if (strcmp(name, VK_OVERRIDE_LAYER_NAME)) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "Layer %s contains a blacklist, but a blacklist can only be provided by the override metalayer. "
                         "This blacklist will be ignored.",
                         name);
          } else {
              props->num_blacklist_layers = cJSON_GetArraySize(blacklisted_layers);
  
              // Allocate the blacklist array
              props->blacklist_layer_names = loader_instance_heap_alloc(
                  inst, sizeof(char[MAX_STRING_SIZE]) * props->num_blacklist_layers, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
              if (props->blacklist_layer_names == NULL) {
                  result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                  goto out;
              }
  
              // Copy the blacklisted layers into the array
              for (i = 0; i < (int)props->num_blacklist_layers; ++i) {
                  cJSON *black_layer = cJSON_GetArrayItem(blacklisted_layers, i);
                  if (black_layer == NULL) {
                      continue;
                  }
                  temp = cJSON_Print(black_layer);
                  if (temp == NULL) {
                      result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      goto out;
                  }
                  temp[strlen(temp) - 1] = '\0';
                  strncpy(props->blacklist_layer_names[i], temp + 1, MAX_STRING_SIZE - 1);
                  props->blacklist_layer_names[i][MAX_STRING_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
                  cJSON_Free(temp);
              }
          }
      }
  
      override_paths = cJSON_GetObjectItem(layer_node, "override_paths");
      if (NULL != override_paths) {
          if (version.major == 1 && (version.minor < 1 || version.patch < 1)) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "Indicating meta-layer-specific override paths, but using older "
                         "JSON file version.");
          }
          int count = cJSON_GetArraySize(override_paths);
          props->num_override_paths = count;
  
          // Allocate buffer for override paths
          props->override_paths =
              loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, sizeof(char[MAX_STRING_SIZE]) * count, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (NULL == props->override_paths) {
              result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              goto out;
          }
  
          // Copy the override paths into the array
          for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
              cJSON *override_path = cJSON_GetArrayItem(override_paths, i);
              if (NULL != override_path) {
                  temp = cJSON_Print(override_path);
                  if (NULL == temp) {
                      result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      goto out;
                  }
                  temp[strlen(temp) - 1] = '\0';
                  strncpy(props->override_paths[i], temp + 1, MAX_STRING_SIZE - 1);
                  props->override_paths[i][MAX_STRING_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
                  cJSON_Free(temp);
              }
          }
      }
  
      if (is_implicit) {
          GET_JSON_OBJECT(layer_node, disable_environment)
      }
  #undef GET_JSON_ITEM
  #undef GET_JSON_OBJECT
  
      strncpy(props->info.layerName, name, sizeof(props->info.layerName));
      props->info.layerName[sizeof(props->info.layerName) - 1] = '\0';
      props->info.specVersion = loader_make_version(api_version);
      props->info.implementationVersion = atoi(implementation_version);
      strncpy((char *)props->info.description, description, sizeof(props->info.description));
      props->info.description[sizeof(props->info.description) - 1] = '\0';
      if (is_implicit) {
          if (!disable_environment || !disable_environment->child) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "Didn't find required layer child value disable_environment"
                         "in manifest JSON file, skipping this layer");
              layer_node = layer_node->next;
              goto out;
          }
          strncpy(props->disable_env_var.name, disable_environment->child->string, sizeof(props->disable_env_var.name));
          props->disable_env_var.name[sizeof(props->disable_env_var.name) - 1] = '\0';
          strncpy(props->disable_env_var.value, disable_environment->child->valuestring, sizeof(props->disable_env_var.value));
          props->disable_env_var.value[sizeof(props->disable_env_var.value) - 1] = '\0';
      }
  
  // Now get all optional items and objects and put in list:
  // functions
  // instance_extensions
  // device_extensions
  // enable_environment (implicit layers only)
  #define GET_JSON_OBJECT(node, var) \
      { var = cJSON_GetObjectItem(node, #var); }
  #define GET_JSON_ITEM(node, var)                            \
      {                                                       \
          item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(node, #var);             \
          if (item != NULL) {                                 \
              temp = cJSON_Print(item);                       \
              if (temp != NULL) {                             \
                  temp[strlen(temp) - 1] = '\0';              \
                  var = loader_stack_alloc(strlen(temp) + 1); \
                  strcpy(var, &temp[1]);                      \
                  cJSON_Free(temp);                           \
              } else {                                        \
                  result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;       \
                  goto out;                                   \
              }                                               \
          }                                                   \
      }
  
      cJSON *instance_extensions, *device_extensions, *functions, *enable_environment;
      cJSON *entrypoints = NULL;
      char *vkGetInstanceProcAddr = NULL;
      char *vkGetDeviceProcAddr = NULL;
      char *vkNegotiateLoaderLayerInterfaceVersion = NULL;
      char *spec_version = NULL;
      char **entry_array = NULL;
      cJSON *app_keys = NULL;
  
      // Layer interface functions
      //    vkGetInstanceProcAddr
      //    vkGetDeviceProcAddr
      //    vkNegotiateLoaderLayerInterfaceVersion (starting with JSON file 1.1.0)
      GET_JSON_OBJECT(layer_node, functions)
      if (functions != NULL) {
          if (version.major > 1 || version.minor >= 1) {
              GET_JSON_ITEM(functions, vkNegotiateLoaderLayerInterfaceVersion)
              if (vkNegotiateLoaderLayerInterfaceVersion != NULL)
                  strncpy(props->functions.str_negotiate_interface, vkNegotiateLoaderLayerInterfaceVersion,
                          sizeof(props->functions.str_negotiate_interface));
              props->functions.str_negotiate_interface[sizeof(props->functions.str_negotiate_interface) - 1] = '\0';
          } else {
              props->functions.str_negotiate_interface[0] = '\0';
          }
          GET_JSON_ITEM(functions, vkGetInstanceProcAddr)
          GET_JSON_ITEM(functions, vkGetDeviceProcAddr)
          if (vkGetInstanceProcAddr != NULL) {
              strncpy(props->functions.str_gipa, vkGetInstanceProcAddr, sizeof(props->functions.str_gipa));
              if (version.major > 1 || version.minor >= 1) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "Layer \"%s\" using deprecated \'vkGetInstanceProcAddr\' tag which was deprecated starting with JSON "
                             "file version 1.1.0. The new vkNegotiateLoaderLayerInterfaceVersion function is preferred, though for "
                             "compatibility reasons it may be desirable to continue using the deprecated tag.",
                             name);
              }
          }
          props->functions.str_gipa[sizeof(props->functions.str_gipa) - 1] = '\0';
          if (vkGetDeviceProcAddr != NULL) {
              strncpy(props->functions.str_gdpa, vkGetDeviceProcAddr, sizeof(props->functions.str_gdpa));
              if (version.major > 1 || version.minor >= 1) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "Layer \"%s\" using deprecated \'vkGetDeviceProcAddr\' tag which was deprecated starting with JSON "
                             "file version 1.1.0. The new vkNegotiateLoaderLayerInterfaceVersion function is preferred, though for "
                             "compatibility reasons it may be desirable to continue using the deprecated tag.",
                             name);
              }
          }
          props->functions.str_gdpa[sizeof(props->functions.str_gdpa) - 1] = '\0';
      }
  
      // instance_extensions
      //   array of {
      //     name
      //     spec_version
      //   }
      GET_JSON_OBJECT(layer_node, instance_extensions)
      if (instance_extensions != NULL) {
          int count = cJSON_GetArraySize(instance_extensions);
          for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
              ext_item = cJSON_GetArrayItem(instance_extensions, i);
              GET_JSON_ITEM(ext_item, name)
              if (name != NULL) {
                  strncpy(ext_prop.extensionName, name, sizeof(ext_prop.extensionName));
                  ext_prop.extensionName[sizeof(ext_prop.extensionName) - 1] = '\0';
              }
              GET_JSON_ITEM(ext_item, spec_version)
              if (NULL != spec_version) {
                  ext_prop.specVersion = atoi(spec_version);
              } else {
                  ext_prop.specVersion = 0;
              }
              bool ext_unsupported = wsi_unsupported_instance_extension(&ext_prop);
              if (!ext_unsupported) {
                  loader_add_to_ext_list(inst, &props->instance_extension_list, 1, &ext_prop);
              }
          }
      }
  
      // device_extensions
      //   array of {
      //     name
      //     spec_version
      //     entrypoints
      //   }
      GET_JSON_OBJECT(layer_node, device_extensions)
      if (device_extensions != NULL) {
          int count = cJSON_GetArraySize(device_extensions);
          for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
              ext_item = cJSON_GetArrayItem(device_extensions, i);
              GET_JSON_ITEM(ext_item, name)
              GET_JSON_ITEM(ext_item, spec_version)
              if (name != NULL) {
                  strncpy(ext_prop.extensionName, name, sizeof(ext_prop.extensionName));
                  ext_prop.extensionName[sizeof(ext_prop.extensionName) - 1] = '\0';
              }
              if (NULL != spec_version) {
                  ext_prop.specVersion = atoi(spec_version);
              } else {
                  ext_prop.specVersion = 0;
              }
              // entrypoints = cJSON_GetObjectItem(ext_item, "entrypoints");
              GET_JSON_OBJECT(ext_item, entrypoints)
              int entry_count;
              if (entrypoints == NULL) {
                  loader_add_to_dev_ext_list(inst, &props->device_extension_list, &ext_prop, 0, NULL);
                  continue;
              }
              entry_count = cJSON_GetArraySize(entrypoints);
              if (entry_count) {
                  entry_array = (char **)loader_stack_alloc(sizeof(char *) * entry_count);
              }
              for (j = 0; j < entry_count; j++) {
                  ext_item = cJSON_GetArrayItem(entrypoints, j);
                  if (ext_item != NULL) {
                      temp = cJSON_Print(ext_item);
                      if (NULL == temp) {
                          entry_array[j] = NULL;
                          result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                          goto out;
                      }
                      temp[strlen(temp) - 1] = '\0';
                      entry_array[j] = loader_stack_alloc(strlen(temp) + 1);
                      strcpy(entry_array[j], &temp[1]);
                      cJSON_Free(temp);
                  }
              }
              loader_add_to_dev_ext_list(inst, &props->device_extension_list, &ext_prop, entry_count, entry_array);
          }
      }
      if (is_implicit) {
          GET_JSON_OBJECT(layer_node, enable_environment)
  
          // enable_environment is optional
          if (enable_environment) {
              strncpy(props->enable_env_var.name, enable_environment->child->string, sizeof(props->enable_env_var.name));
              props->enable_env_var.name[sizeof(props->enable_env_var.name) - 1] = '\0';
              strncpy(props->enable_env_var.value, enable_environment->child->valuestring, sizeof(props->enable_env_var.value));
              props->enable_env_var.value[sizeof(props->enable_env_var.value) - 1] = '\0';
          }
      }
  
      // Read in the pre-instance stuff
      cJSON *pre_instance = cJSON_GetObjectItem(layer_node, "pre_instance_functions");
      if (pre_instance) {
          if (!layer_json_supports_pre_instance_tag(&version)) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "Found pre_instance_functions section in layer from \"%s\". "
                         "This section is only valid in manifest version 1.1.2 or later. The section will be ignored",
                         filename);
          } else if (!is_implicit) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "Found pre_instance_functions section in explicit layer from "
                         "\"%s\". This section is only valid in implicit layers. The section will be ignored",
                         filename);
          } else {
              cJSON *inst_ext_json = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pre_instance, "vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties");
              if (inst_ext_json) {
                  char *inst_ext_name = cJSON_Print(inst_ext_json);
                  if (inst_ext_name == NULL) {
                      result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      goto out;
                  }
                  size_t len = strlen(inst_ext_name) >= MAX_STRING_SIZE ? MAX_STRING_SIZE - 3 : strlen(inst_ext_name) - 2;
                  strncpy(props->pre_instance_functions.enumerate_instance_extension_properties, inst_ext_name + 1, len);
                  props->pre_instance_functions.enumerate_instance_extension_properties[len] = '\0';
                  cJSON_Free(inst_ext_name);
              }
  
              cJSON *inst_layer_json = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pre_instance, "vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties");
              if (inst_layer_json) {
                  char *inst_layer_name = cJSON_Print(inst_layer_json);
                  if (inst_layer_name == NULL) {
                      result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      goto out;
                  }
                  size_t len = strlen(inst_layer_name) >= MAX_STRING_SIZE ? MAX_STRING_SIZE - 3 : strlen(inst_layer_name) - 2;
                  strncpy(props->pre_instance_functions.enumerate_instance_layer_properties, inst_layer_name + 1, len);
                  props->pre_instance_functions.enumerate_instance_layer_properties[len] = '\0';
                  cJSON_Free(inst_layer_name);
              }
  
              cJSON *inst_version_json = cJSON_GetObjectItem(pre_instance, "vkEnumerateInstanceVersion");
              if (inst_version_json) {
                  char *inst_version_name = cJSON_Print(inst_version_json);
                  if (inst_version_json) {
                      result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      goto out;
                  }
                  size_t len = strlen(inst_version_name) >= MAX_STRING_SIZE ? MAX_STRING_SIZE - 3 : strlen(inst_version_name) - 2;
                  strncpy(props->pre_instance_functions.enumerate_instance_version, inst_version_name + 1, len);
                  props->pre_instance_functions.enumerate_instance_version[len] = '\0';
                  cJSON_Free(inst_version_name);
              }
          }
      }
  
      props->num_app_key_paths = 0;
      props->app_key_paths = NULL;
      app_keys = cJSON_GetObjectItem(layer_node, "app_keys");
      if (app_keys != NULL) {
          if (strcmp(name, VK_OVERRIDE_LAYER_NAME)) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "Layer %s contains app_keys, but any app_keys can only be provided by the override metalayer. "
                         "These will be ignored.",
                         name);
          } else {
              props->num_app_key_paths = cJSON_GetArraySize(app_keys);
  
              // Allocate the blacklist array
              props->app_key_paths = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, sizeof(char[MAX_STRING_SIZE]) * props->num_app_key_paths,
                                                                VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
              if (props->app_key_paths == NULL) {
                  result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                  goto out;
              }
  
              // Copy the app_key_paths into the array
              for (i = 0; i < (int)props->num_app_key_paths; ++i) {
                  cJSON *app_key_path = cJSON_GetArrayItem(app_keys, i);
                  if (app_key_path == NULL) {
                      continue;
                  }
                  temp = cJSON_Print(app_key_path);
                  if (temp == NULL) {
                      result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      goto out;
                  }
                  temp[strlen(temp) - 1] = '\0';
                  strncpy(props->app_key_paths[i], temp + 1, MAX_STRING_SIZE - 1);
                  props->app_key_paths[i][MAX_STRING_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
                  cJSON_Free(temp);
              }
          }
      }
  
      result = VK_SUCCESS;
  
  out:
  #undef GET_JSON_ITEM
  #undef GET_JSON_OBJECT
  
      if (VK_SUCCESS != result && NULL != props) {
          if (NULL != props->blacklist_layer_names) {
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, props->blacklist_layer_names);
          }
          if (NULL != props->component_layer_names) {
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, props->component_layer_names);
          }
          if (NULL != props->override_paths) {
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, props->override_paths);
          }
          if (NULL != props->app_key_paths) {
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, props->app_key_paths);
          }
          props->num_blacklist_layers = 0;
          props->blacklist_layer_names = NULL;
          props->num_component_layers = 0;
          props->component_layer_names = NULL;
          props->num_override_paths = 0;
          props->override_paths = NULL;
          props->num_app_key_paths = 0;
          props->app_key_paths = NULL;
      }
  
      return result;
  }
  
  static inline bool isValidLayerJsonVersion(const layer_json_version *layer_json) {
      // Supported versions are: 1.0.0, 1.0.1, and 1.1.0 - 1.1.2.
      if ((layer_json->major == 1 && layer_json->minor == 1 && layer_json->patch < 3) ||
          (layer_json->major == 1 && layer_json->minor == 0 && layer_json->patch < 2)) {
          return true;
      }
      return false;
  }
  
  static inline bool layerJsonSupportsMultipleLayers(const layer_json_version *layer_json) {
      // Supported versions started in 1.0.1, so anything newer
      if ((layer_json->major > 1 || layer_json->minor > 0 || layer_json->patch > 1)) {
          return true;
      }
      return false;
  }
  
  // Given a cJSON struct (json) of the top level JSON object from layer manifest
  // file, add entry to the layer_list. Fill out the layer_properties in this list
  // entry from the input cJSON object.
  //
  // \returns
  // void
  // layer_list has a new entry and initialized accordingly.
  // If the json input object does not have all the required fields no entry
  // is added to the list.
  static VkResult loaderAddLayerProperties(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *layer_instance_list,
                                           cJSON *json, bool is_implicit, char *filename) {
      // The following Fields in layer manifest file that are required:
      //   - "file_format_version"
      //   - If more than one "layer" object are used, then the "layers" array is
      //     required
      VkResult result = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
      cJSON *item, *layers_node, *layer_node;
      layer_json_version json_version = {0, 0, 0};
      char *vers_tok;
      cJSON *disable_environment = NULL;
      // Make sure sure the top level json value is an object
      if (!json || json->type != 6) {
          goto out;
      }
      item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(json, "file_format_version");
      if (item == NULL) {
          goto out;
      }
      char *file_vers = cJSON_PrintUnformatted(item);
      if (NULL == file_vers) {
          goto out;
      }
      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0, "Found manifest file %s, version %s", filename, file_vers);
      // Get the major/minor/and patch as integers for easier comparison
      vers_tok = strtok(file_vers, ".\"\n\r");
      if (NULL != vers_tok) {
          json_version.major = (uint16_t)atoi(vers_tok);
          vers_tok = strtok(NULL, ".\"\n\r");
          if (NULL != vers_tok) {
              json_version.minor = (uint16_t)atoi(vers_tok);
              vers_tok = strtok(NULL, ".\"\n\r");
              if (NULL != vers_tok) {
                  json_version.patch = (uint16_t)atoi(vers_tok);
              }
          }
      }
  
      if (!isValidLayerJsonVersion(&json_version)) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loaderAddLayerProperties: %s invalid layer manifest file version %d.%d.%d.  May cause errors.", filename,
                     json_version.major, json_version.minor, json_version.patch);
      }
      cJSON_Free(file_vers);
  
      // If "layers" is present, read in the array of layer objects
      layers_node = cJSON_GetObjectItem(json, "layers");
      if (layers_node != NULL) {
          int numItems = cJSON_GetArraySize(layers_node);
          if (!layerJsonSupportsMultipleLayers(&json_version)) {
              loader_log(
                  inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                  "loaderAddLayerProperties: \'layers\' tag not supported until file version 1.0.1, but %s is reporting version %s",
                  filename, file_vers);
          }
          for (int curLayer = 0; curLayer < numItems; curLayer++) {
              layer_node = cJSON_GetArrayItem(layers_node, curLayer);
              if (layer_node == NULL) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loaderAddLayerProperties: Can not find 'layers' array element %d object in manifest JSON file %s.  "
                             "Skipping this file",
                             curLayer, filename);
                  goto out;
              }
              result = loaderReadLayerJson(inst, layer_instance_list, layer_node, json_version, item, disable_environment,
                                           is_implicit, filename);
          }
      } else {
          // Otherwise, try to read in individual layers
          layer_node = cJSON_GetObjectItem(json, "layer");
          if (layer_node == NULL) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loaderAddLayerProperties: Can not find 'layer' object in manifest JSON file %s.  Skipping this file.",
                         filename);
              goto out;
          }
          // Loop through all "layer" objects in the file to get a count of them
          // first.
          uint16_t layer_count = 0;
          cJSON *tempNode = layer_node;
          do {
              tempNode = tempNode->next;
              layer_count++;
          } while (tempNode != NULL);
  
          // Throw a warning if we encounter multiple "layer" objects in file
          // versions newer than 1.0.0.  Having multiple objects with the same
          // name at the same level is actually a JSON standard violation.
          if (layer_count > 1 && layerJsonSupportsMultipleLayers(&json_version)) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loaderAddLayerProperties: Multiple 'layer' nodes are deprecated starting in file version \"1.0.1\".  "
                         "Please use 'layers' : [] array instead in %s.",
                         filename);
          } else {
              do {
                  result = loaderReadLayerJson(inst, layer_instance_list, layer_node, json_version, item, disable_environment,
                                               is_implicit, filename);
                  layer_node = layer_node->next;
              } while (layer_node != NULL);
          }
      }
  
  out:
  
      return result;
  }
  
  static inline size_t DetermineDataFilePathSize(const char *cur_path, size_t relative_path_size) {
      size_t path_size = 0;
  
      if (NULL != cur_path) {
          // For each folder in cur_path, (detected by finding additional
          // path separators in the string) we need to add the relative path on
          // the end.  Plus, leave an additional two slots on the end to add an
          // additional directory slash and path separator if needed
          path_size += strlen(cur_path) + relative_path_size + 2;
          for (const char *x = cur_path; *x; ++x) {
              if (*x == PATH_SEPARATOR) {
                  path_size += relative_path_size + 2;
              }
          }
      }
  
      return path_size;
  }
  
  static inline void CopyDataFilePath(const char *cur_path, const char *relative_path, size_t relative_path_size,
                                      char **output_path) {
      if (NULL != cur_path) {
          uint32_t start = 0;
          uint32_t stop = 0;
          char *cur_write = *output_path;
  
          while (cur_path[start] != '\0') {
              while (cur_path[start] == PATH_SEPARATOR) {
                  start++;
              }
              stop = start;
              while (cur_path[stop] != PATH_SEPARATOR && cur_path[stop] != '\0') {
                  stop++;
              }
              const size_t s = stop - start;
              if (s) {
                  memcpy(cur_write, &cur_path[start], s);
                  cur_write += s;
  
                  // If last symbol written was not a directory symbol, add it.
                  if (*(cur_write - 1) != DIRECTORY_SYMBOL) {
                      *cur_write++ = DIRECTORY_SYMBOL;
                  }
  
                  if (relative_path_size > 0) {
                      memcpy(cur_write, relative_path, relative_path_size);
                      cur_write += relative_path_size;
                  }
                  *cur_write++ = PATH_SEPARATOR;
                  start = stop;
              }
          }
          *output_path = cur_write;
      }
  }
  
  // Check to see if there's enough space in the data file list.  If not, add some.
  static inline VkResult CheckAndAdjustDataFileList(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_data_files *out_files) {
      if (out_files->count == 0) {
          out_files->filename_list = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, 64 * sizeof(char *), VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
          if (NULL == out_files->filename_list) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "CheckAndAdjustDataFileList: Failed to allocate space for manifest file name list");
              return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          }
          out_files->alloc_count = 64;
      } else if (out_files->count == out_files->alloc_count) {
          size_t new_size = out_files->alloc_count * sizeof(char *) * 2;
          void *new_ptr = loader_instance_heap_realloc(inst, out_files->filename_list, out_files->alloc_count * sizeof(char *),
                                                       new_size, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
          if (NULL == new_ptr) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "CheckAndAdjustDataFileList: Failed to reallocate space for manifest file name list");
              return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          }
          out_files->filename_list = new_ptr;
          out_files->alloc_count *= 2;
      }
  
      return VK_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  // If the file found is a manifest file name, add it to the out_files manifest list.
  static VkResult AddIfManifestFile(const struct loader_instance *inst, const char *file_name, struct loader_data_files *out_files) {
      VkResult vk_result = VK_SUCCESS;
  
      if (NULL == file_name || NULL == out_files) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "AddIfManfistFile: Received NULL pointer");
          vk_result = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Look for files ending with ".json" suffix
      size_t name_len = strlen(file_name);
      const char *name_suffix = file_name + name_len - 5;
      if ((name_len < 5) || 0 != strncmp(name_suffix, ".json", 5)) {
          // Use incomplete to indicate invalid name, but to keep going.
          vk_result = VK_INCOMPLETE;
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Check and allocate space in the manifest list if necessary
      vk_result = CheckAndAdjustDataFileList(inst, out_files);
      if (VK_SUCCESS != vk_result) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      out_files->filename_list[out_files->count] =
          loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, strlen(file_name) + 1, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
      if (out_files->filename_list[out_files->count] == NULL) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "AddIfManfistFile: Failed to allocate space for manifest file %d list",
                     out_files->count);
          vk_result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
  
      strcpy(out_files->filename_list[out_files->count++], file_name);
  
  out:
  
      return vk_result;
  }
  
  static VkResult AddDataFilesInPath(const struct loader_instance *inst, char *search_path, bool is_directory_list,
                                     struct loader_data_files *out_files) {
      VkResult vk_result = VK_SUCCESS;
      DIR *dir_stream = NULL;
      struct dirent *dir_entry;
      char *cur_file;
      char *next_file;
      char *name;
      char full_path[2048];
  #ifndef _WIN32
      char temp_path[2048];
  #endif
  
      // Now, parse the paths
      next_file = search_path;
      while (NULL != next_file && *next_file != '\0') {
          name = NULL;
          cur_file = next_file;
          next_file = loader_get_next_path(cur_file);
  
          // Get the next name in the list and verify it's valid
          if (is_directory_list) {
              dir_stream = opendir(cur_file);
              if (NULL == dir_stream) {
                  continue;
              }
              while (1) {
                  dir_entry = readdir(dir_stream);
                  if (NULL == dir_entry) {
                      break;
                  }
  
                  name = &(dir_entry->d_name[0]);
                  loader_get_fullpath(name, cur_file, sizeof(full_path), full_path);
                  name = full_path;
  
                  VkResult local_res;
                  local_res = AddIfManifestFile(inst, name, out_files);
  
                  // Incomplete means this was not a valid data file.
                  if (local_res == VK_INCOMPLETE) {
                      continue;
                  } else if (local_res != VK_SUCCESS) {
                      vk_result = local_res;
                      break;
                  }
              }
              closedir(dir_stream);
              if (vk_result != VK_SUCCESS) {
                  goto out;
              }
          } else {
  #ifdef _WIN32
              name = cur_file;
  #else
              // Only Linux has relative paths, make a copy of location so it isn't modified
              size_t str_len;
              if (NULL != next_file) {
                  str_len = next_file - cur_file + 1;
              } else {
                  str_len = strlen(cur_file) + 1;
              }
              if (str_len > sizeof(temp_path)) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0, "AddDataFilesInPath: Path to %s too long\n", cur_file);
                  continue;
              }
              strcpy(temp_path, cur_file);
              name = temp_path;
  #endif
              loader_get_fullpath(cur_file, name, sizeof(full_path), full_path);
              name = full_path;
  
              VkResult local_res;
              local_res = AddIfManifestFile(inst, name, out_files);
  
              // Incomplete means this was not a valid data file.
              if (local_res == VK_INCOMPLETE) {
                  continue;
              } else if (local_res != VK_SUCCESS) {
                  vk_result = local_res;
                  break;
              }
          }
      }
  
  out:
  
      return vk_result;
  }
  
  // Look for data files in the provided paths, but first check the environment override to determine if we should use that
  // instead.
  static VkResult ReadDataFilesInSearchPaths(const struct loader_instance *inst, enum loader_data_files_type data_file_type,
                                             const char *env_override, const char *path_override, const char *relative_location,
                                             bool *override_active, struct loader_data_files *out_files) {
      VkResult vk_result = VK_SUCCESS;
      bool is_directory_list = true;
      bool is_icd = (data_file_type == LOADER_DATA_FILE_MANIFEST_ICD);
      char *override_env = NULL;
      const char *override_path = NULL;
      size_t search_path_size = 0;
      char *search_path = NULL;
      char *cur_path_ptr = NULL;
      size_t rel_size = 0;
  #ifndef _WIN32
      bool xdgconfig_alloc = true;
      bool xdgdata_alloc = true;
  #endif
  
  #ifndef _WIN32
      // Determine how much space is needed to generate the full search path
      // for the current manifest files.
      char *xdgconfdirs = loader_secure_getenv("XDG_CONFIG_DIRS", inst);
      char *xdgdatadirs = loader_secure_getenv("XDG_DATA_DIRS", inst);
      char *xdgdatahome = loader_secure_getenv("XDG_DATA_HOME", inst);
      char *home = NULL;
      char* home_root = NULL;
  
      if (xdgconfdirs == NULL) {
          xdgconfig_alloc = false;
      }
      if (xdgdatadirs == NULL) {
          xdgdata_alloc = false;
      }
      if (xdgconfdirs == NULL || xdgconfdirs[0] == '\0') {
          xdgconfdirs = FALLBACK_CONFIG_DIRS;
      }
      if (xdgdatadirs == NULL || xdgdatadirs[0] == '\0') {
          xdgdatadirs = FALLBACK_DATA_DIRS;
      }
  
      // Only use HOME if XDG_DATA_HOME is not present on the system
      if (NULL == xdgdatahome) {
          home = loader_secure_getenv("HOME", inst);
          if (home != NULL) {
              home_root = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, strlen(home) + 14, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
              if (home_root == NULL) {
                  vk_result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                  goto out;
              }
              strcpy(home_root, home);
              strcat(home_root, "/.local/share");
          }
      }
  #endif
  
      if (path_override != NULL) {
          override_path = path_override;
      } else if (env_override != NULL) {
  #ifndef _WIN32
          if (geteuid() != getuid() || getegid() != getgid()) {
              // Don't allow setuid apps to use the env var:
              env_override = NULL;
          } else
  #endif
          {
              override_env = loader_secure_getenv(env_override, inst);
  
              // The ICD override is actually a specific list of filenames, not directories
              if (is_icd && NULL != override_env) {
                  is_directory_list = false;
              }
              override_path = override_env;
          }
      }
  
      // Add two by default for NULL terminator and one path separator on end (just in case)
      search_path_size = 2;
  
      // If there's an override, use that (and the local folder if required) and nothing else
      if (NULL != override_path) {
          // Local folder and null terminator
          search_path_size += strlen(override_path) + 1;
      } else if (NULL == relative_location) {
          // If there's no override, and no relative location, bail out.  This is usually
          // the case when we're on Windows and the default path is to use the registry.
          goto out;
      } else {
          // Add the general search folders (with the appropriate relative folder added)
          rel_size = strlen(relative_location);
          if (rel_size == 0) {
              goto out;
          } else {
  #if defined(__APPLE__)
              search_path_size += MAXPATHLEN;
  #endif
  #ifndef _WIN32
              search_path_size += DetermineDataFilePathSize(xdgconfdirs, rel_size);
              search_path_size += DetermineDataFilePathSize(xdgdatadirs, rel_size);
              search_path_size += DetermineDataFilePathSize(SYSCONFDIR, rel_size);
  #if defined(EXTRASYSCONFDIR)
              search_path_size += DetermineDataFilePathSize(EXTRASYSCONFDIR, rel_size);
  #endif
              if (is_directory_list) {
                  if (!IsHighIntegrity()) {
                      search_path_size += DetermineDataFilePathSize(xdgdatahome, rel_size);
                      search_path_size += DetermineDataFilePathSize(home_root, rel_size);
                  }
              }
  #endif
          }
      }
  
      // Allocate the required space
      search_path = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, search_path_size, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
      if (NULL == search_path) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "ReadDataFilesInSearchPaths: Failed to allocate space for search path of length %d", (uint32_t)search_path_size);
          vk_result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
  
      cur_path_ptr = search_path;
  
      // Add the remaining paths to the list
      if (NULL != override_path) {
          strcpy(cur_path_ptr, override_path);
      } else {
  #ifndef _WIN32
          if (rel_size > 0) {
  #if defined(__APPLE__)
              // Add the bundle's Resources dir to the beginning of the search path.
              // Looks for manifests in the bundle first, before any system directories.
              CFBundleRef main_bundle = CFBundleGetMainBundle();
              if (NULL != main_bundle) {
                  CFURLRef ref = CFBundleCopyResourcesDirectoryURL(main_bundle);
                  if (NULL != ref) {
                      if (CFURLGetFileSystemRepresentation(ref, TRUE, (UInt8 *)cur_path_ptr, search_path_size)) {
                          cur_path_ptr += strlen(cur_path_ptr);
                          *cur_path_ptr++ = DIRECTORY_SYMBOL;
                          memcpy(cur_path_ptr, relative_location, rel_size);
                          cur_path_ptr += rel_size;
                          *cur_path_ptr++ = PATH_SEPARATOR;
                      }
                      CFRelease(ref);
                  }
              }
  #endif
              CopyDataFilePath(xdgconfdirs, relative_location, rel_size, &cur_path_ptr);
              CopyDataFilePath(SYSCONFDIR, relative_location, rel_size, &cur_path_ptr);
  #if defined(EXTRASYSCONFDIR)
              CopyDataFilePath(EXTRASYSCONFDIR, relative_location, rel_size, &cur_path_ptr);
  #endif
              CopyDataFilePath(xdgdatadirs, relative_location, rel_size, &cur_path_ptr);
              if (is_directory_list) {
                  CopyDataFilePath(xdgdatahome, relative_location, rel_size, &cur_path_ptr);
                  CopyDataFilePath(home_root, relative_location, rel_size, &cur_path_ptr);
              }
          }
  
          // Remove the last path separator
          --cur_path_ptr;
  
          assert(cur_path_ptr - search_path < (ptrdiff_t)search_path_size);
          *cur_path_ptr = '\0';
  #endif
      }
  
      // Remove duplicate paths, or it would result in duplicate extensions, duplicate devices, etc.
      // This uses minimal memory, but is O(N^2) on the number of paths. Expect only a few paths.
      char path_sep_str[2] = {PATH_SEPARATOR, '\0'};
      size_t search_path_updated_size = strlen(search_path);
      for (size_t first = 0; first < search_path_updated_size;) {
          // If this is an empty path, erase it
          if (search_path[first] == PATH_SEPARATOR) {
              memmove(&search_path[first], &search_path[first + 1], search_path_updated_size - first + 1);
              search_path_updated_size -= 1;
              continue;
          }
  
          size_t first_end = first + 1;
          first_end += strcspn(&search_path[first_end], path_sep_str);
          for (size_t second = first_end + 1; second < search_path_updated_size;) {
              size_t second_end = second + 1;
              second_end += strcspn(&search_path[second_end], path_sep_str);
              if (first_end - first == second_end - second &&
                  !strncmp(&search_path[first], &search_path[second], second_end - second)) {
                  // Found duplicate. Include PATH_SEPARATOR in second_end, then erase it from search_path.
                  if (search_path[second_end] == PATH_SEPARATOR) {
                      second_end++;
                  }
                  memmove(&search_path[second], &search_path[second_end], search_path_updated_size - second_end + 1);
                  search_path_updated_size -= second_end - second;
              } else {
                  second = second_end + 1;
              }
          }
          first = first_end + 1;
      }
      search_path_size = search_path_updated_size;
  
      // Print out the paths being searched if debugging is enabled
      if (search_path_size > 0) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "ReadDataFilesInSearchPaths: Searching the following paths for manifest files: %s\n", search_path);
      }
  
      // Now, parse the paths and add any manifest files found in them.
      vk_result = AddDataFilesInPath(inst, search_path, is_directory_list, out_files);
  
      if (NULL != override_path) {
          *override_active = true;
      } else {
          *override_active = false;
      }
  
  out:
  
      if (NULL != override_env) {
          loader_free_getenv(override_env, inst);
      }
  #ifndef _WIN32
      if (xdgconfig_alloc) {
          loader_free_getenv(xdgconfdirs, inst);
      }
      if (xdgdata_alloc) {
          loader_free_getenv(xdgdatadirs, inst);
      }
      if (NULL != xdgdatahome) {
          loader_free_getenv(xdgdatahome, inst);
      }
      if (NULL != home) {
          loader_free_getenv(home, inst);
      }
      if (NULL != home_root) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, home_root);
      }
  #endif
  
      if (NULL != search_path) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, search_path);
      }
  
      return vk_result;
  }
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  // Read manifest JSON files using the Windows driver interface
  static VkResult ReadManifestsFromD3DAdapters(const struct loader_instance *inst, char **reg_data, PDWORD reg_data_size,
                                               const wchar_t *value_name) {
      VkResult result = VK_INCOMPLETE;
      LoaderEnumAdapters2 adapters = {.adapter_count = 0, .adapters = NULL};
      LoaderQueryRegistryInfo *full_info = NULL;
      size_t full_info_size = 0;
      char *json_path = NULL;
      size_t json_path_size = 0;
  
      PFN_LoaderEnumAdapters2 fpLoaderEnumAdapters2 =
          (PFN_LoaderEnumAdapters2)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("gdi32.dll"), "D3DKMTEnumAdapters2");
      PFN_LoaderQueryAdapterInfo fpLoaderQueryAdapterInfo =
          (PFN_LoaderQueryAdapterInfo)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("gdi32.dll"), "D3DKMTQueryAdapterInfo");
      if (fpLoaderEnumAdapters2 == NULL || fpLoaderQueryAdapterInfo == NULL) {
          result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Get all of the adapters
      NTSTATUS status = fpLoaderEnumAdapters2(&adapters);
      if (status == STATUS_SUCCESS && adapters.adapter_count > 0) {
          adapters.adapters = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, sizeof(*adapters.adapters) * adapters.adapter_count,
                                                         VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
          if (adapters.adapters == NULL) {
              goto out;
          }
          status = fpLoaderEnumAdapters2(&adapters);
      }
      if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      // If that worked, we need to get the manifest file(s) for each adapter
      for (ULONG i = 0; i < adapters.adapter_count; ++i) {
          // The first query should just check if the field exists and how big it is
          LoaderQueryRegistryInfo filename_info = {
              .query_type = LOADER_QUERY_REGISTRY_ADAPTER_KEY,
              .query_flags =
                  {
                      .translate_path = true,
                  },
              .value_type = REG_MULTI_SZ,
              .physical_adapter_index = 0,
          };
          wcsncpy(filename_info.value_name, value_name, sizeof(filename_info.value_name) / sizeof(WCHAR));
          LoaderQueryAdapterInfo query_info = {
              .handle = adapters.adapters[i].handle,
              .type = LOADER_QUERY_TYPE_REGISTRY,
              .private_data = &filename_info,
              .private_data_size = sizeof(filename_info),
          };
          status = fpLoaderQueryAdapterInfo(&query_info);
  
          // This error indicates that the type didn't match, so we'll try a REG_SZ
          if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
              filename_info.value_type = REG_SZ;
              status = fpLoaderQueryAdapterInfo(&query_info);
          }
  
          if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS || filename_info.status != LOADER_QUERY_REGISTRY_STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
              continue;
          }
  
          while (status == STATUS_SUCCESS &&
                 ((LoaderQueryRegistryInfo *)query_info.private_data)->status == LOADER_QUERY_REGISTRY_STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
              bool needs_copy = (full_info == NULL);
              size_t full_size = sizeof(LoaderQueryRegistryInfo) + filename_info.output_value_size;
              void *buffer =
                  loader_instance_heap_realloc(inst, full_info, full_info_size, full_size, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
              if (buffer == NULL) {
                  result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                  goto out;
              }
              full_info = buffer;
              full_info_size = full_size;
  
              if (needs_copy) {
                  memcpy(full_info, &filename_info, sizeof(LoaderQueryRegistryInfo));
              }
              query_info.private_data = full_info;
              query_info.private_data_size = (UINT)full_info_size;
              status = fpLoaderQueryAdapterInfo(&query_info);
          }
  
          if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS || full_info->status != LOADER_QUERY_REGISTRY_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
              goto out;
          }
  
          // Convert the wide string to a narrow string
          void *buffer = loader_instance_heap_realloc(inst, json_path, json_path_size, full_info->output_value_size,
                                                      VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
          if (buffer == NULL) {
              result = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              goto out;
          }
          json_path = buffer;
          json_path_size = full_info->output_value_size;
  
          // Iterate over each component string
          for (const wchar_t *curr_path = full_info->output_string; curr_path[0] != '\0'; curr_path += wcslen(curr_path) + 1) {
              WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, curr_path, -1, json_path, (int)json_path_size, NULL, NULL);
  
              // Add the string to the output list
              result = VK_SUCCESS;
              loaderAddJsonEntry(inst, reg_data, reg_data_size, (LPCTSTR)L"EnumAdapters", REG_SZ, json_path,
                                 (DWORD)strlen(json_path) + 1, &result);
              if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
                  goto out;
              }
  
              // If this is a string and not a multi-string, we don't want to go throught the loop more than once
              if (full_info->value_type == REG_SZ) {
                  break;
              }
          }
      }
  
  out:
      if (json_path != NULL) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, json_path);
      }
      if (full_info != NULL) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, full_info);
      }
      if (adapters.adapters != NULL) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, adapters.adapters);
      }
  
      return result;
  }
  
  // Look for data files in the registry.
  static VkResult ReadDataFilesInRegistry(const struct loader_instance *inst, enum loader_data_files_type data_file_type,
                                          bool warn_if_not_present, char *registry_location, struct loader_data_files *out_files) {
      VkResult vk_result = VK_SUCCESS;
      bool is_icd = (data_file_type == LOADER_DATA_FILE_MANIFEST_ICD);
      char *search_path = NULL;
  
      // These calls look at the PNP/Device section of the registry.
      VkResult regHKR_result = VK_SUCCESS;
      DWORD reg_size = 4096;
      if (!strncmp(registry_location, VK_DRIVERS_INFO_REGISTRY_LOC, sizeof(VK_DRIVERS_INFO_REGISTRY_LOC))) {
          // If we're looking for drivers we need to try enumerating adapters
          regHKR_result = ReadManifestsFromD3DAdapters(inst, &search_path, &reg_size, LoaderPnpDriverRegistryWide());
          if (regHKR_result == VK_INCOMPLETE) {
              regHKR_result = loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles(inst, &search_path, &reg_size, LoaderPnpDriverRegistry());
          }
      } else if (!strncmp(registry_location, VK_ELAYERS_INFO_REGISTRY_LOC, sizeof(VK_ELAYERS_INFO_REGISTRY_LOC))) {
          regHKR_result = ReadManifestsFromD3DAdapters(inst, &search_path, &reg_size, LoaderPnpELayerRegistryWide());
          if (regHKR_result == VK_INCOMPLETE) {
              regHKR_result = loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles(inst, &search_path, &reg_size, LoaderPnpELayerRegistry());
          }
      } else if (!strncmp(registry_location, VK_ILAYERS_INFO_REGISTRY_LOC, sizeof(VK_ILAYERS_INFO_REGISTRY_LOC))) {
          regHKR_result = ReadManifestsFromD3DAdapters(inst, &search_path, &reg_size, LoaderPnpILayerRegistryWide());
          if (regHKR_result == VK_INCOMPLETE) {
              regHKR_result = loaderGetDeviceRegistryFiles(inst, &search_path, &reg_size, LoaderPnpILayerRegistry());
          }
      }
  
      // This call looks into the Khronos non-device specific section of the registry.
      bool use_secondary_hive = (data_file_type == LOADER_DATA_FILE_MANIFEST_LAYER) && (!IsHighIntegrity());
      VkResult reg_result = loaderGetRegistryFiles(inst, registry_location, use_secondary_hive, &search_path, &reg_size);
  
      if ((VK_SUCCESS != reg_result && VK_SUCCESS != regHKR_result) || NULL == search_path) {
          if (data_file_type == LOADER_DATA_FILE_MANIFEST_ICD) {
              loader_log(
                  inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                  "ReadDataFilesInRegistry: Registry lookup failed to get ICD manifest files.  Possibly missing Vulkan driver?");
              if (VK_SUCCESS == reg_result || VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY == reg_result) {
                  vk_result = reg_result;
              } else {
                  vk_result = regHKR_result;
              }
          } else {
              if (warn_if_not_present) {
                  if (data_file_type == LOADER_DATA_FILE_MANIFEST_LAYER) {
                      // This is only a warning for layers
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "ReadDataFilesInRegistry: Registry lookup failed to get layer manifest files.");
                  } else {
                      // This is only a warning for general data files
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "ReadDataFilesInRegistry: Registry lookup failed to get data files.");
                  }
              }
              if (reg_result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY) {
                  vk_result = reg_result;
              } else {
                  // Return success for now since it's not critical for layers
                  vk_result = VK_SUCCESS;
              }
          }
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Now, parse the paths and add any manifest files found in them.
      vk_result = AddDataFilesInPath(inst, search_path, false, out_files);
  
  out:
  
      if (NULL != search_path) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, search_path);
      }
  
      return vk_result;
  }
  #endif  // _WIN32
  
  // Find the Vulkan library manifest files.
  //
  // This function scans the "location" or "env_override" directories/files
  // for a list of JSON manifest files.  If env_override is non-NULL
  // and has a valid value. Then the location is ignored.  Otherwise
  // location is used to look for manifest files. The location
  // is interpreted as  Registry path on Windows and a directory path(s)
  // on Linux. "home_location" is an additional directory in the users home
  // directory to look at. It is expanded into the dir path
  // $XDG_DATA_HOME/home_location or $HOME/.local/share/home_location depending
  // on environment variables. This "home_location" is only used on Linux.
  //
  // \returns
  // VKResult
  // A string list of manifest files to be opened in out_files param.
  // List has a pointer to string for each manifest filename.
  // When done using the list in out_files, pointers should be freed.
  // Location or override  string lists can be either files or directories as
  // follows:
  //            | location | override
  // --------------------------------
  // Win ICD    | files    | files
  // Win Layer  | files    | dirs
  // Linux ICD  | dirs     | files
  // Linux Layer| dirs     | dirs
  static VkResult loaderGetDataFiles(const struct loader_instance *inst, enum loader_data_files_type data_file_type,
                                     bool warn_if_not_present, const char *env_override, const char *path_override,
                                     char *registry_location, const char *relative_location, struct loader_data_files *out_files) {
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
      bool override_active = false;
  
      // Free and init the out_files information so there's no false data left from uninitialized variables.
      if (out_files->filename_list != NULL) {
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < out_files->count; i++) {
              if (NULL != out_files->filename_list[i]) {
                  loader_instance_heap_free(inst, out_files->filename_list[i]);
                  out_files->filename_list[i] = NULL;
              }
          }
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, out_files->filename_list);
      }
      out_files->count = 0;
      out_files->alloc_count = 0;
      out_files->filename_list = NULL;
  
      res = ReadDataFilesInSearchPaths(inst, data_file_type, env_override, path_override, relative_location, &override_active,
                                       out_files);
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          goto out;
      }
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
      // Read the registry if the override wasn't active.
      if (!override_active) {
          res = ReadDataFilesInRegistry(inst, data_file_type, warn_if_not_present, registry_location, out_files);
          if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
              goto out;
          }
      }
  #endif
  
  out:
  
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res && NULL != out_files->filename_list) {
          for (uint32_t remove = 0; remove < out_files->count; remove++) {
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, out_files->filename_list[remove]);
          }
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, out_files->filename_list);
          out_files->count = 0;
          out_files->alloc_count = 0;
          out_files->filename_list = NULL;
      }
  
      return res;
  }
  
  void loader_init_icd_lib_list() {}
  
  void loader_destroy_icd_lib_list() {}
  
  // Try to find the Vulkan ICD driver(s).
  //
  // This function scans the default system loader path(s) or path
  // specified by the \c VK_ICD_FILENAMES environment variable in
  // order to find loadable VK ICDs manifest files. From these
  // manifest files it finds the ICD libraries.
  //
  // \returns
  // Vulkan result
  // (on result == VK_SUCCESS) a list of icds that were discovered
  VkResult loader_icd_scan(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_icd_tramp_list *icd_tramp_list) {
      char *file_str;
      uint16_t file_major_vers = 0;
      uint16_t file_minor_vers = 0;
      uint16_t file_patch_vers = 0;
      char *vers_tok;
      struct loader_data_files manifest_files;
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
      bool lockedMutex = false;
      cJSON *json = NULL;
      uint32_t num_good_icds = 0;
  
      memset(&manifest_files, 0, sizeof(struct loader_data_files));
  
      res = loader_scanned_icd_init(inst, icd_tramp_list);
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Get a list of manifest files for ICDs
      res = loaderGetDataFiles(inst, LOADER_DATA_FILE_MANIFEST_ICD, true, "VK_ICD_FILENAMES", NULL, VK_DRIVERS_INFO_REGISTRY_LOC,
                               VK_DRIVERS_INFO_RELATIVE_DIR, &manifest_files);
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res || manifest_files.count == 0) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      loader_platform_thread_lock_mutex(&loader_json_lock);
      lockedMutex = true;
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < manifest_files.count; i++) {
          file_str = manifest_files.filename_list[i];
          if (file_str == NULL) {
              continue;
          }
  
          VkResult temp_res = loader_get_json(inst, file_str, &json);
          if (NULL == json || temp_res != VK_SUCCESS) {
              if (NULL != json) {
                  cJSON_Delete(json);
                  json = NULL;
              }
              // If we haven't already found an ICD, copy this result to
              // the returned result.
              if (num_good_icds == 0) {
                  res = temp_res;
              }
              if (temp_res == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY) {
                  break;
              } else {
                  continue;
              }
          }
          res = temp_res;
  
          cJSON *item, *itemICD;
          item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(json, "file_format_version");
          if (item == NULL) {
              if (num_good_icds == 0) {
                  res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
              }
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_icd_scan: ICD JSON %s does not have a"
                         " \'file_format_version\' field. Skipping ICD JSON.",
                         file_str);
              cJSON_Delete(json);
              json = NULL;
              continue;
          }
  
          char *file_vers = cJSON_Print(item);
          if (NULL == file_vers) {
              // Only reason the print can fail is if there was an allocation issue
              if (num_good_icds == 0) {
                  res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              }
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_icd_scan: Failed retrieving ICD JSON %s"
                         " \'file_format_version\' field.  Skipping ICD JSON",
                         file_str);
              cJSON_Delete(json);
              json = NULL;
              continue;
          }
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0, "Found ICD manifest file %s, version %s", file_str, file_vers);
  
          // Get the major/minor/and patch as integers for easier comparison
          vers_tok = strtok(file_vers, ".\"\n\r");
          if (NULL != vers_tok) {
              file_major_vers = (uint16_t)atoi(vers_tok);
              vers_tok = strtok(NULL, ".\"\n\r");
              if (NULL != vers_tok) {
                  file_minor_vers = (uint16_t)atoi(vers_tok);
                  vers_tok = strtok(NULL, ".\"\n\r");
                  if (NULL != vers_tok) {
                      file_patch_vers = (uint16_t)atoi(vers_tok);
                  }
              }
          }
  
          if (file_major_vers != 1 || file_minor_vers != 0 || file_patch_vers > 1) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_icd_scan: Unexpected manifest file version "
                         "(expected 1.0.0 or 1.0.1), may cause errors");
          }
          cJSON_Free(file_vers);
  
          itemICD = cJSON_GetObjectItem(json, "ICD");
          if (itemICD != NULL) {
              item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(itemICD, "library_path");
              if (item != NULL) {
                  char *temp = cJSON_Print(item);
                  if (!temp || strlen(temp) == 0) {
                      if (num_good_icds == 0) {
                          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      }
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "loader_icd_scan: Failed retrieving ICD JSON %s"
                                 " \'library_path\' field.  Skipping ICD JSON.",
                                 file_str);
                      cJSON_Free(temp);
                      cJSON_Delete(json);
                      json = NULL;
                      continue;
                  }
                  // strip out extra quotes
                  temp[strlen(temp) - 1] = '\0';
                  char *library_path = loader_stack_alloc(strlen(temp) + 1);
                  if (NULL == library_path) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "loader_icd_scan: Failed to allocate space for "
                                 "ICD JSON %s \'library_path\' value.  Skipping "
                                 "ICD JSON.",
                                 file_str);
                      res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      cJSON_Free(temp);
                      cJSON_Delete(json);
                      json = NULL;
                      goto out;
                  }
                  strcpy(library_path, &temp[1]);
                  cJSON_Free(temp);
                  if (strlen(library_path) == 0) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "loader_icd_scan: ICD JSON %s \'library_path\'"
                                 " field is empty.  Skipping ICD JSON.",
                                 file_str);
                      cJSON_Delete(json);
                      json = NULL;
                      continue;
                  }
                  char fullpath[MAX_STRING_SIZE];
                  // Print out the paths being searched if debugging is enabled
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0, "Searching for ICD drivers named %s", library_path);
                  if (loader_platform_is_path(library_path)) {
                      // a relative or absolute path
                      char *name_copy = loader_stack_alloc(strlen(file_str) + 1);
                      char *rel_base;
                      strcpy(name_copy, file_str);
                      rel_base = loader_platform_dirname(name_copy);
                      loader_expand_path(library_path, rel_base, sizeof(fullpath), fullpath);
                  } else {
  // a filename which is assumed in a system directory
  #if defined(DEFAULT_VK_DRIVERS_PATH)
                      loader_get_fullpath(library_path, DEFAULT_VK_DRIVERS_PATH, sizeof(fullpath), fullpath);
  #else
                          loader_get_fullpath(library_path, "", sizeof(fullpath), fullpath);
  #endif
                  }
  
                  uint32_t vers = 0;
                  item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(itemICD, "api_version");
                  if (item != NULL) {
                      temp = cJSON_Print(item);
                      if (NULL == temp) {
                          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                     "loader_icd_scan: Failed retrieving ICD JSON %s"
                                     " \'api_version\' field.  Skipping ICD JSON.",
                                     file_str);
  
                          // Only reason the print can fail is if there was an
                          // allocation issue
                          if (num_good_icds == 0) {
                              res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                          }
  
                          cJSON_Free(temp);
                          cJSON_Delete(json);
                          json = NULL;
                          continue;
                      }
                      vers = loader_make_version(temp);
                      cJSON_Free(temp);
                  } else {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "loader_icd_scan: ICD JSON %s does not have an"
                                 " \'api_version\' field.",
                                 file_str);
                  }
  
                  res = loader_scanned_icd_add(inst, icd_tramp_list, fullpath, vers);
                  if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "loader_icd_scan: Failed to add ICD JSON %s. "
                                 " Skipping ICD JSON.",
                                 fullpath);
                      cJSON_Delete(json);
                      json = NULL;
                      continue;
                  }
                  num_good_icds++;
              } else {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loader_icd_scan: Failed to find \'library_path\' "
                             "object in ICD JSON file %s.  Skipping ICD JSON.",
                             file_str);
              }
          } else {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_icd_scan: Can not find \'ICD\' object in ICD JSON "
                         "file %s.  Skipping ICD JSON",
                         file_str);
          }
  
          cJSON_Delete(json);
          json = NULL;
      }
  
  out:
  
      if (NULL != json) {
          cJSON_Delete(json);
      }
  
      if (NULL != manifest_files.filename_list) {
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < manifest_files.count; i++) {
              if (NULL != manifest_files.filename_list[i]) {
                  loader_instance_heap_free(inst, manifest_files.filename_list[i]);
              }
          }
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, manifest_files.filename_list);
      }
      if (lockedMutex) {
          loader_platform_thread_unlock_mutex(&loader_json_lock);
      }
  
      return res;
  }
  
  void loaderScanForLayers(struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *instance_layers) {
      char *file_str;
      struct loader_data_files manifest_files;
      cJSON *json;
      bool override_layer_valid = false;
      char *override_paths = NULL;
      uint32_t total_count = 0;
  
      memset(&manifest_files, 0, sizeof(struct loader_data_files));
  
      // Cleanup any previously scanned libraries
      loaderDeleteLayerListAndProperties(inst, instance_layers);
  
      loader_platform_thread_lock_mutex(&loader_json_lock);
  
      // Get a list of manifest files for any implicit layers
      // Pass NULL for environment variable override - implicit layers are not overridden by LAYERS_PATH_ENV
      if (VK_SUCCESS != loaderGetDataFiles(inst, LOADER_DATA_FILE_MANIFEST_LAYER, false, NULL, NULL, VK_ILAYERS_INFO_REGISTRY_LOC,
                                           VK_ILAYERS_INFO_RELATIVE_DIR, &manifest_files)) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      if (manifest_files.count != 0) {
          total_count += manifest_files.count;
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < manifest_files.count; i++) {
              file_str = manifest_files.filename_list[i];
              if (file_str == NULL) {
                  continue;
              }
  
              // Parse file into JSON struct
              VkResult res = loader_get_json(inst, file_str, &json);
              if (VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY == res) {
                  goto out;
              } else if (VK_SUCCESS != res || NULL == json) {
                  continue;
              }
  
              VkResult local_res = loaderAddLayerProperties(inst, instance_layers, json, true, file_str);
              cJSON_Delete(json);
  
              // If the error is anything other than out of memory we still want to try to load the other layers
              if (VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY == local_res) {
                  goto out;
              }
          }
      }
  
      // Remove any extraneous override layers.
      RemoveAllNonValidOverrideLayers(inst, instance_layers);
  
      // Check to see if the override layer is present, and use it's override paths.
      for (int32_t i = 0; i < (int32_t)instance_layers->count; i++) {
          struct loader_layer_properties *prop = &instance_layers->list[i];
          if (prop->is_override && loaderImplicitLayerIsEnabled(inst, prop) && prop->num_override_paths > 0) {
              char *cur_write_ptr = NULL;
              size_t override_path_size = 0;
              for (uint32_t j = 0; j < prop->num_override_paths; j++) {
                  override_path_size += DetermineDataFilePathSize(prop->override_paths[j], 0);
              }
              override_paths = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, override_path_size, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
              if (override_paths == NULL) {
                  goto out;
              }
              cur_write_ptr = &override_paths[0];
              for (uint32_t j = 0; j < prop->num_override_paths; j++) {
                  CopyDataFilePath(prop->override_paths[j], NULL, 0, &cur_write_ptr);
              }
              // Remove the last path separator
              --cur_write_ptr;
              assert(cur_write_ptr - override_paths < (ptrdiff_t)override_path_size);
              *cur_write_ptr = '\0';
              loader_log(NULL, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0, "loaderScanForLayers: Override layer has override paths set to %s",
                         override_paths);
          }
      }
  
      // Get a list of manifest files for explicit layers
      if (VK_SUCCESS != loaderGetDataFiles(inst, LOADER_DATA_FILE_MANIFEST_LAYER, true, "VK_LAYER_PATH", override_paths,
                                           VK_ELAYERS_INFO_REGISTRY_LOC, VK_ELAYERS_INFO_RELATIVE_DIR, &manifest_files)) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Make sure we have at least one layer, if not, go ahead and return
      if (manifest_files.count == 0 && total_count == 0) {
          goto out;
      } else {
          total_count += manifest_files.count;
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < manifest_files.count; i++) {
              file_str = manifest_files.filename_list[i];
              if (file_str == NULL) {
                  continue;
              }
  
              // Parse file into JSON struct
              VkResult res = loader_get_json(inst, file_str, &json);
              if (VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY == res) {
                  goto out;
              } else if (VK_SUCCESS != res || NULL == json) {
                  continue;
              }
  
              VkResult local_res = loaderAddLayerProperties(inst, instance_layers, json, false, file_str);
              cJSON_Delete(json);
  
              // If the error is anything other than out of memory we still want to try to load the other layers
              if (VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY == local_res) {
                  goto out;
              }
          }
      }
  
      // Verify any meta-layers in the list are valid and all the component layers are
      // actually present in the available layer list
      VerifyAllMetaLayers(inst, instance_layers, &override_layer_valid);
  
      if (override_layer_valid) {
          loaderRemoveLayersInBlacklist(inst, instance_layers);
          if (NULL != inst) {
              inst->override_layer_present = true;
          }
      }
  
  out:
  
      if (NULL != override_paths) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, override_paths);
      }
      if (NULL != manifest_files.filename_list) {
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < manifest_files.count; i++) {
              if (NULL != manifest_files.filename_list[i]) {
                  loader_instance_heap_free(inst, manifest_files.filename_list[i]);
              }
          }
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, manifest_files.filename_list);
      }
      loader_platform_thread_unlock_mutex(&loader_json_lock);
  }
  
  void loaderScanForImplicitLayers(struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *instance_layers) {
      char *file_str;
      struct loader_data_files manifest_files;
      cJSON *json;
      bool override_layer_valid = false;
      char *override_paths = NULL;
      bool implicit_metalayer_present = false;
      bool have_json_lock = false;
  
      // Before we begin anything, init manifest_files to avoid a delete of garbage memory if
      // a failure occurs before allocating the manifest filename_list.
      memset(&manifest_files, 0, sizeof(struct loader_data_files));
  
      // Pass NULL for environment variable override - implicit layers are not overridden by LAYERS_PATH_ENV
      VkResult res = loaderGetDataFiles(inst, LOADER_DATA_FILE_MANIFEST_LAYER, false, NULL, NULL, VK_ILAYERS_INFO_REGISTRY_LOC,
                                        VK_ILAYERS_INFO_RELATIVE_DIR, &manifest_files);
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res || manifest_files.count == 0) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Cleanup any previously scanned libraries
      loaderDeleteLayerListAndProperties(inst, instance_layers);
  
      loader_platform_thread_lock_mutex(&loader_json_lock);
      have_json_lock = true;
  
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < manifest_files.count; i++) {
          file_str = manifest_files.filename_list[i];
          if (file_str == NULL) {
              continue;
          }
  
          // parse file into JSON struct
          res = loader_get_json(inst, file_str, &json);
          if (VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY == res) {
              goto out;
          } else if (VK_SUCCESS != res || NULL == json) {
              continue;
          }
  
          res = loaderAddLayerProperties(inst, instance_layers, json, true, file_str);
  
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, file_str);
          manifest_files.filename_list[i] = NULL;
          cJSON_Delete(json);
  
          if (VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY == res) {
              goto out;
          }
      }
  
      // Remove any extraneous override layers.
      RemoveAllNonValidOverrideLayers(inst, instance_layers);
  
      // Check to see if either the override layer is present, or another implicit meta-layer.
      // Each of these may require explicit layers to be enabled at this time.
      for (int32_t i = 0; i < (int32_t)instance_layers->count; i++) {
          struct loader_layer_properties *prop = &instance_layers->list[i];
          if (prop->is_override && loaderImplicitLayerIsEnabled(inst, prop)) {
              override_layer_valid = true;
              if (prop->num_override_paths > 0) {
                  char *cur_write_ptr = NULL;
                  size_t override_path_size = 0;
                  for (uint32_t j = 0; j < prop->num_override_paths; j++) {
                      override_path_size += DetermineDataFilePathSize(prop->override_paths[j], 0);
                  }
                  override_paths = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, override_path_size, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
                  if (override_paths == NULL) {
                      goto out;
                  }
                  cur_write_ptr = &override_paths[0];
                  for (uint32_t j = 0; j < prop->num_override_paths; j++) {
                      CopyDataFilePath(prop->override_paths[j], NULL, 0, &cur_write_ptr);
                  }
                  // Remove the last path separator
                  --cur_write_ptr;
                  assert(cur_write_ptr - override_paths < (ptrdiff_t)override_path_size);
                  *cur_write_ptr = '\0';
                  loader_log(NULL, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loaderScanForImplicitLayers: Override layer has override paths set to %s", override_paths);
              }
          } else if (!prop->is_override && prop->type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_META_LAYER) {
              implicit_metalayer_present = true;
          }
      }
  
      // If either the override layer or an implicit meta-layer are present, we need to add
      // explicit layer info as well.  Not to worry, though, all explicit layers not included
      // in the override layer will be removed below in loaderRemoveLayersInBlacklist().
      if (override_layer_valid || implicit_metalayer_present) {
          if (VK_SUCCESS != loaderGetDataFiles(inst, LOADER_DATA_FILE_MANIFEST_LAYER, true, "VK_LAYER_PATH", override_paths,
                                               VK_ELAYERS_INFO_REGISTRY_LOC, VK_ELAYERS_INFO_RELATIVE_DIR, &manifest_files)) {
              goto out;
          }
  
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < manifest_files.count; i++) {
              file_str = manifest_files.filename_list[i];
              if (file_str == NULL) {
                  continue;
              }
  
              // parse file into JSON struct
              res = loader_get_json(inst, file_str, &json);
              if (VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY == res) {
                  goto out;
              } else if (VK_SUCCESS != res || NULL == json) {
                  continue;
              }
  
              res = loaderAddLayerProperties(inst, instance_layers, json, true, file_str);
  
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, file_str);
              cJSON_Delete(json);
  
              if (VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY == res) {
                  goto out;
              }
          }
      }
  
      // Verify any meta-layers in the list are valid and all the component layers are
      // actually present in the available layer list
      VerifyAllMetaLayers(inst, instance_layers, &override_layer_valid);
  
      if (override_layer_valid || implicit_metalayer_present) {
          loaderRemoveLayersNotInImplicitMetaLayers(inst, instance_layers);
          if (override_layer_valid && inst != NULL) {
              inst->override_layer_present = true;
          }
      }
  
  out:
  
      if (NULL != override_paths) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, override_paths);
      }
      if (NULL != manifest_files.filename_list) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, manifest_files.filename_list);
      }
  
      if (have_json_lock) {
          loader_platform_thread_unlock_mutex(&loader_json_lock);
      }
  }
  
  static VKAPI_ATTR PFN_vkVoidFunction VKAPI_CALL loader_gpdpa_instance_internal(VkInstance inst, const char *pName) {
      // inst is not wrapped
      if (inst == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
          return NULL;
      }
      VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *disp_table = *(VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable **)inst;
      void *addr;
  
      if (disp_table == NULL) return NULL;
  
      bool found_name;
      addr = loader_lookup_instance_dispatch_table(disp_table, pName, &found_name);
      if (found_name) {
          return addr;
      }
  
      if (loader_phys_dev_ext_gpa(loader_get_instance(inst), pName, true, NULL, &addr)) return addr;
  
      // Don't call down the chain, this would be an infinite loop
      loader_log(NULL, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0, "loader_gpdpa_instance_internal() unrecognized name %s", pName);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  static VKAPI_ATTR PFN_vkVoidFunction VKAPI_CALL loader_gpdpa_instance_terminator(VkInstance inst, const char *pName) {
      // inst is not wrapped
      if (inst == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
          return NULL;
      }
      VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *disp_table = *(VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable **)inst;
      void *addr;
  
      if (disp_table == NULL) return NULL;
  
      bool found_name;
      addr = loader_lookup_instance_dispatch_table(disp_table, pName, &found_name);
      if (found_name) {
          return addr;
      }
  
      // Get the terminator, but don't perform checking since it should already
      // have been setup if we get here.
      if (loader_phys_dev_ext_gpa(loader_get_instance(inst), pName, false, NULL, &addr)) {
          return addr;
      }
  
      // Don't call down the chain, this would be an infinite loop
      loader_log(NULL, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0, "loader_gpdpa_instance_terminator() unrecognized name %s", pName);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  static VKAPI_ATTR PFN_vkVoidFunction VKAPI_CALL loader_gpa_instance_internal(VkInstance inst, const char *pName) {
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vkGetInstanceProcAddr")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)loader_gpa_instance_internal;
      }
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vk_layerGetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)loader_gpdpa_instance_terminator;
      }
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vkCreateInstance")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)terminator_CreateInstance;
      }
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vkCreateDevice")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)terminator_CreateDevice;
      }
  
      // The VK_EXT_debug_utils functions need a special case here so the terminators can still be found from vkGetInstanceProcAddr
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)terminator_SetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT;
      }
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vkSetDebugUtilsObjectTagEXT")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)terminator_SetDebugUtilsObjectTagEXT;
      }
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vkQueueBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)terminator_QueueBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT;
      }
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vkQueueEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)terminator_QueueEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT;
      }
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vkQueueInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)terminator_QueueInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT;
      }
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)terminator_CmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT;
      }
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)terminator_CmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT;
      }
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)terminator_CmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT;
      }
  
      // inst is not wrapped
      if (inst == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
          return NULL;
      }
      VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *disp_table = *(VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable **)inst;
      void *addr;
  
      if (disp_table == NULL) return NULL;
  
      bool found_name;
      addr = loader_lookup_instance_dispatch_table(disp_table, pName, &found_name);
      if (found_name) {
          return addr;
      }
  
      // Don't call down the chain, this would be an infinite loop
      loader_log(NULL, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0, "loader_gpa_instance_internal() unrecognized name %s", pName);
      return NULL;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR PFN_vkVoidFunction VKAPI_CALL loader_gpa_device_internal(VkDevice device, const char *pName) {
      struct loader_device *dev;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = loader_get_icd_and_device(device, &dev, NULL);
  
      // Return this function if a layer above here is asking for the vkGetDeviceProcAddr.
      // This is so we can properly intercept any device commands needing a terminator.
      if (!strcmp(pName, "vkGetDeviceProcAddr")) {
          return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)loader_gpa_device_internal;
      }
  
      // NOTE: Device Funcs needing Trampoline/Terminator.
      // Overrides for device functions needing a trampoline and
      // a terminator because certain device entry-points still need to go
      // through a terminator before hitting the ICD.  This could be for
      // several reasons, but the main one is currently unwrapping an
      // object before passing the appropriate info along to the ICD.
      // This is why we also have to override the direct ICD call to
      // vkGetDeviceProcAddr to intercept those calls.
      PFN_vkVoidFunction addr = get_extension_device_proc_terminator(dev, pName);
      if (NULL != addr) {
          return addr;
      }
  
      return icd_term->dispatch.GetDeviceProcAddr(device, pName);
  }
  
  // Initialize device_ext dispatch table entry as follows:
  // If dev == NULL find all logical devices created within this instance and
  //  init the entry (given by idx) in the ext dispatch table.
  // If dev != NULL only initialize the entry in the given dev's dispatch table.
  // The initialization value is gotten by calling down the device chain with
  // GDPA.
  // If GDPA returns NULL then don't initialize the dispatch table entry.
  static void loader_init_dispatch_dev_ext_entry(struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_device *dev, uint32_t idx,
                                                 const char *funcName)
  
  {
      void *gdpa_value;
      if (dev != NULL) {
          gdpa_value = dev->loader_dispatch.core_dispatch.GetDeviceProcAddr(dev->chain_device, funcName);
          if (gdpa_value != NULL) dev->loader_dispatch.ext_dispatch.dev_ext[idx] = (PFN_vkDevExt)gdpa_value;
      } else {
          for (struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = inst->icd_terms; icd_term != NULL; icd_term = icd_term->next) {
              struct loader_device *ldev = icd_term->logical_device_list;
              while (ldev) {
                  gdpa_value = ldev->loader_dispatch.core_dispatch.GetDeviceProcAddr(ldev->chain_device, funcName);
                  if (gdpa_value != NULL) ldev->loader_dispatch.ext_dispatch.dev_ext[idx] = (PFN_vkDevExt)gdpa_value;
                  ldev = ldev->next;
              }
          }
      }
  }
  
  // Find all dev extension in the hash table  and initialize the dispatch table
  // for dev  for each of those extension entrypoints found in hash table.
  void loader_init_dispatch_dev_ext(struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_device *dev) {
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < MAX_NUM_UNKNOWN_EXTS; i++) {
          if (inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[i].func_name != NULL)
              loader_init_dispatch_dev_ext_entry(inst, dev, i, inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[i].func_name);
      }
  }
  
  static bool loader_check_icds_for_dev_ext_address(struct loader_instance *inst, const char *funcName) {
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term;
      icd_term = inst->icd_terms;
      while (NULL != icd_term) {
          if (icd_term->scanned_icd->GetInstanceProcAddr(icd_term->instance, funcName))
              // this icd supports funcName
              return true;
          icd_term = icd_term->next;
      }
  
      return false;
  }
  
  static bool loader_check_layer_list_for_dev_ext_address(const struct loader_layer_list *const layers, const char *funcName) {
      // Iterate over the layers.
      for (uint32_t layer = 0; layer < layers->count; ++layer) {
          // Iterate over the extensions.
          const struct loader_device_extension_list *const extensions = &(layers->list[layer].device_extension_list);
          for (uint32_t extension = 0; extension < extensions->count; ++extension) {
              // Iterate over the entry points.
              const struct loader_dev_ext_props *const property = &(extensions->list[extension]);
              for (uint32_t entry = 0; entry < property->entrypoint_count; ++entry) {
                  if (strcmp(property->entrypoints[entry], funcName) == 0) {
                      return true;
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      return false;
  }
  
  static void loader_free_dev_ext_table(struct loader_instance *inst) {
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < MAX_NUM_UNKNOWN_EXTS; i++) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[i].func_name);
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[i].list.index);
      }
      memset(inst->dev_ext_disp_hash, 0, sizeof(inst->dev_ext_disp_hash));
  }
  
  static bool loader_add_dev_ext_table(struct loader_instance *inst, uint32_t *ptr_idx, const char *funcName) {
      uint32_t i;
      uint32_t idx = *ptr_idx;
      struct loader_dispatch_hash_list *list = &inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[idx].list;
  
      if (!inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[idx].func_name) {
          // no entry here at this idx, so use it
          assert(list->capacity == 0);
          inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[idx].func_name =
              (char *)loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, strlen(funcName) + 1, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[idx].func_name == NULL) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_add_dev_ext_table: Failed to allocate memory "
                         "for func_name %s",
                         funcName);
              return false;
          }
          strncpy(inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[idx].func_name, funcName, strlen(funcName) + 1);
          return true;
      }
  
      // check for enough capacity
      if (list->capacity == 0) {
          list->index = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, 8 * sizeof(*(list->index)), VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (list->index == NULL) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_add_dev_ext_table: Failed to allocate memory for list index of function %s", funcName);
              return false;
          }
          list->capacity = 8 * sizeof(*(list->index));
      } else if (list->capacity < (list->count + 1) * sizeof(*(list->index))) {
          void *new_ptr = loader_instance_heap_realloc(inst, list->index, list->capacity, list->capacity * 2,
                                                       VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (NULL == new_ptr) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_add_dev_ext_table: Failed to reallocate memory for list index of function %s", funcName);
              return false;
          }
          list->index = new_ptr;
          list->capacity *= 2;
      }
  
      // find an unused index in the hash table and use it
      i = (idx + 1) % MAX_NUM_UNKNOWN_EXTS;
      do {
          if (!inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[i].func_name) {
              assert(inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[i].list.capacity == 0);
              inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[i].func_name =
                  (char *)loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, strlen(funcName) + 1, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
              if (inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[i].func_name == NULL) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loader_add_dev_ext_table: Failed to allocate memory "
                             "for func_name %s",
                             funcName);
                  return false;
              }
              strncpy(inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[i].func_name, funcName, strlen(funcName) + 1);
              list->index[list->count] = i;
              list->count++;
              *ptr_idx = i;
              return true;
          }
          i = (i + 1) % MAX_NUM_UNKNOWN_EXTS;
      } while (i != idx);
  
      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                 "loader_add_dev_ext_table:  Could not insert into hash table; is "
                 "it full?");
  
      return false;
  }
  
  static bool loader_name_in_dev_ext_table(struct loader_instance *inst, uint32_t *idx, const char *funcName) {
      uint32_t alt_idx;
      if (inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[*idx].func_name && !strcmp(inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[*idx].func_name, funcName)) return true;
  
      // funcName wasn't at the primary spot in the hash table
      // search the list of secondary locations (shallow search, not deep search)
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[*idx].list.count; i++) {
          alt_idx = inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[*idx].list.index[i];
          if (!strcmp(inst->dev_ext_disp_hash[*idx].func_name, funcName)) {
              *idx = alt_idx;
              return true;
          }
      }
  
      return false;
  }
  
  // This function returns generic trampoline code address for unknown entry
  // points.
  // Presumably, these unknown entry points (as given by funcName) are device
  // extension entrypoints.  A hash table is used to keep a list of unknown entry
  // points and their mapping to the device extension dispatch table
  // (struct loader_dev_ext_dispatch_table).
  // \returns
  // For a given entry point string (funcName), if an existing mapping is found
  // the
  // trampoline address for that mapping is returned. Otherwise, this unknown
  // entry point
  // has not been seen yet. Next check if a layer or ICD supports it.  If so then
  // a
  // new entry in the hash table is initialized and that trampoline address for
  // the new entry is returned. Null is returned if the hash table is full or
  // if no discovered layer or ICD returns a non-NULL GetProcAddr for it.
  void *loader_dev_ext_gpa(struct loader_instance *inst, const char *funcName) {
      uint32_t idx;
      uint32_t seed = 0;
  
      idx = murmurhash(funcName, strlen(funcName), seed) % MAX_NUM_UNKNOWN_EXTS;
  
      if (loader_name_in_dev_ext_table(inst, &idx, funcName))
          // found funcName already in hash
          return loader_get_dev_ext_trampoline(idx);
  
      // Check if funcName is supported in either ICDs or a layer library
      if (!loader_check_icds_for_dev_ext_address(inst, funcName) &&
          !loader_check_layer_list_for_dev_ext_address(&inst->app_activated_layer_list, funcName)) {
          // if support found in layers continue on
          return NULL;
      }
  
      if (loader_add_dev_ext_table(inst, &idx, funcName)) {
          // successfully added new table entry
          // init any dev dispatch table entries as needed
          loader_init_dispatch_dev_ext_entry(inst, NULL, idx, funcName);
          return loader_get_dev_ext_trampoline(idx);
      }
  
      return NULL;
  }
  
  static bool loader_check_icds_for_phys_dev_ext_address(struct loader_instance *inst, const char *funcName) {
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term;
      icd_term = inst->icd_terms;
      while (NULL != icd_term) {
          if (icd_term->scanned_icd->interface_version >= MIN_PHYS_DEV_EXTENSION_ICD_INTERFACE_VERSION &&
              icd_term->scanned_icd->GetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr(icd_term->instance, funcName))
              // this icd supports funcName
              return true;
          icd_term = icd_term->next;
      }
  
      return false;
  }
  
  static bool loader_check_layer_list_for_phys_dev_ext_address(struct loader_instance *inst, const char *funcName) {
      struct loader_layer_properties *layer_prop_list = inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.list;
      for (uint32_t layer = 0; layer < inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.count; ++layer) {
          // If this layer supports the vk_layerGetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr, then call
          // it and see if it returns a valid pointer for this function name.
          if (layer_prop_list[layer].interface_version > 1) {
              const struct loader_layer_functions *const functions = &(layer_prop_list[layer].functions);
              if (NULL != functions->get_physical_device_proc_addr &&
                  NULL != functions->get_physical_device_proc_addr((VkInstance)inst->instance, funcName)) {
                  return true;
              }
          }
      }
  
      return false;
  }
  
  static void loader_free_phys_dev_ext_table(struct loader_instance *inst) {
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < MAX_NUM_UNKNOWN_EXTS; i++) {
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[i].func_name);
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[i].list.index);
      }
      memset(inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash, 0, sizeof(inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash));
  }
  
  static bool loader_add_phys_dev_ext_table(struct loader_instance *inst, uint32_t *ptr_idx, const char *funcName) {
      uint32_t i;
      uint32_t idx = *ptr_idx;
      struct loader_dispatch_hash_list *list = &inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[idx].list;
  
      if (!inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[idx].func_name) {
          // no entry here at this idx, so use it
          assert(list->capacity == 0);
          inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[idx].func_name =
              (char *)loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, strlen(funcName) + 1, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[idx].func_name == NULL) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_add_phys_dev_ext_table() can't allocate memory for "
                         "func_name");
              return false;
          }
          strncpy(inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[idx].func_name, funcName, strlen(funcName) + 1);
          return true;
      }
  
      // check for enough capacity
      if (list->capacity == 0) {
          list->index = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, 8 * sizeof(*(list->index)), VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (list->index == NULL) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "loader_add_phys_dev_ext_table() can't allocate list memory");
              return false;
          }
          list->capacity = 8 * sizeof(*(list->index));
      } else if (list->capacity < (list->count + 1) * sizeof(*(list->index))) {
          void *new_ptr = loader_instance_heap_realloc(inst, list->index, list->capacity, list->capacity * 2,
                                                       VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
          if (NULL == new_ptr) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "loader_add_phys_dev_ext_table() can't reallocate list memory");
              return false;
          }
          list->index = new_ptr;
          list->capacity *= 2;
      }
  
      // find an unused index in the hash table and use it
      i = (idx + 1) % MAX_NUM_UNKNOWN_EXTS;
      do {
          if (!inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[i].func_name) {
              assert(inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[i].list.capacity == 0);
              inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[i].func_name =
                  (char *)loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, strlen(funcName) + 1, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
              if (inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[i].func_name == NULL) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loader_add_dev_ext_table() can't reallocate "
                             "func_name memory");
                  return false;
              }
              strncpy(inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[i].func_name, funcName, strlen(funcName) + 1);
              list->index[list->count] = i;
              list->count++;
              *ptr_idx = i;
              return true;
          }
          i = (i + 1) % MAX_NUM_UNKNOWN_EXTS;
      } while (i != idx);
  
      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                 "loader_add_phys_dev_ext_table() couldn't insert into hash table; is "
                 "it full?");
      return false;
  }
  
  static bool loader_name_in_phys_dev_ext_table(struct loader_instance *inst, uint32_t *idx, const char *funcName) {
      uint32_t alt_idx;
      if (inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[*idx].func_name && !strcmp(inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[*idx].func_name, funcName))
          return true;
  
      // funcName wasn't at the primary spot in the hash table
      // search the list of secondary locations (shallow search, not deep search)
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[*idx].list.count; i++) {
          alt_idx = inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[*idx].list.index[i];
          if (!strcmp(inst->phys_dev_ext_disp_hash[*idx].func_name, funcName)) {
              *idx = alt_idx;
              return true;
          }
      }
  
      return false;
  }
  
  // This function returns a generic trampoline and/or terminator function
  // address for any unknown physical device extension commands.  A hash
  // table is used to keep a list of unknown entry points and their
  // mapping to the physical device extension dispatch table (struct
  // loader_phys_dev_ext_dispatch_table).
  // For a given entry point string (funcName), if an existing mapping is
  // found, then the trampoline address for that mapping is returned in
  // tramp_addr (if it is not NULL) and the terminator address for that
  // mapping is returned in term_addr (if it is not NULL). Otherwise,
  // this unknown entry point has not been seen yet.
  // If it has not been seen before, and perform_checking is 'true',
  // check if a layer or and ICD supports it.  If so then a new entry in
  // the hash table is initialized and the trampoline and/or terminator
  // addresses are returned.
  // Null is returned if the hash table is full or if no discovered layer or
  // ICD returns a non-NULL GetProcAddr for it.
  bool loader_phys_dev_ext_gpa(struct loader_instance *inst, const char *funcName, bool perform_checking, void **tramp_addr,
                               void **term_addr) {
      uint32_t idx;
      uint32_t seed = 0;
      bool success = false;
  
      if (inst == NULL) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      if (NULL != tramp_addr) {
          *tramp_addr = NULL;
      }
      if (NULL != term_addr) {
          *term_addr = NULL;
      }
  
      // We should always check to see if any ICD supports it.
      if (!loader_check_icds_for_phys_dev_ext_address(inst, funcName)) {
          // If we're not checking layers, or we are and it's not in a layer, just
          // return
          if (!perform_checking || !loader_check_layer_list_for_phys_dev_ext_address(inst, funcName)) {
              goto out;
          }
      }
  
      idx = murmurhash(funcName, strlen(funcName), seed) % MAX_NUM_UNKNOWN_EXTS;
      if (perform_checking && !loader_name_in_phys_dev_ext_table(inst, &idx, funcName)) {
          uint32_t i;
          bool added = false;
  
          // Only need to add first one to get index in Instance.  Others will use
          // the same index.
          if (!added && loader_add_phys_dev_ext_table(inst, &idx, funcName)) {
              added = true;
          }
  
          // Setup the ICD function pointers
          struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = inst->icd_terms;
          while (NULL != icd_term) {
              if (MIN_PHYS_DEV_EXTENSION_ICD_INTERFACE_VERSION <= icd_term->scanned_icd->interface_version &&
                  NULL != icd_term->scanned_icd->GetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr) {
                  icd_term->phys_dev_ext[idx] =
                      (PFN_PhysDevExt)icd_term->scanned_icd->GetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr(icd_term->instance, funcName);
  
                  // Make sure we set the instance dispatch to point to the
                  // loader's terminator now since we can at least handle it
                  // in one ICD.
                  inst->disp->phys_dev_ext[idx] = loader_get_phys_dev_ext_termin(idx);
              } else {
                  icd_term->phys_dev_ext[idx] = NULL;
              }
  
              icd_term = icd_term->next;
          }
  
          // Now, search for the first layer attached and query using it to get
          // the first entry point.
          for (i = 0; i < inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.count; i++) {
              struct loader_layer_properties *layer_prop = &inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.list[i];
              if (layer_prop->interface_version > 1 && NULL != layer_prop->functions.get_physical_device_proc_addr) {
                  inst->disp->phys_dev_ext[idx] =
                      (PFN_PhysDevExt)layer_prop->functions.get_physical_device_proc_addr((VkInstance)inst->instance, funcName);
                  if (NULL != inst->disp->phys_dev_ext[idx]) {
                      break;
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      if (NULL != tramp_addr) {
          *tramp_addr = loader_get_phys_dev_ext_tramp(idx);
      }
  
      if (NULL != term_addr) {
          *term_addr = loader_get_phys_dev_ext_termin(idx);
      }
  
      success = true;
  
  out:
      return success;
  }
  
  struct loader_instance *loader_get_instance(const VkInstance instance) {
      // look up the loader_instance in our list by comparing dispatch tables, as
      // there is no guarantee the instance is still a loader_instance* after any
      // layers which wrap the instance object.
      const VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *disp;
      struct loader_instance *ptr_instance = NULL;
      disp = loader_get_instance_layer_dispatch(instance);
      for (struct loader_instance *inst = loader.instances; inst; inst = inst->next) {
          if (&inst->disp->layer_inst_disp == disp) {
              ptr_instance = inst;
              break;
          }
      }
      return ptr_instance;
  }
  
  static loader_platform_dl_handle loaderOpenLayerFile(const struct loader_instance *inst, const char *chain_type,
                                                       struct loader_layer_properties *prop) {
      if ((prop->lib_handle = loader_platform_open_library(prop->lib_name)) == NULL) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, loader_platform_open_library_error(prop->lib_name));
      } else {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0, "Loading layer library %s", prop->lib_name);
      }
  
      return prop->lib_handle;
  }
  
  static void loaderCloseLayerFile(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_properties *prop) {
      if (prop->lib_handle) {
          loader_platform_close_library(prop->lib_handle);
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0, "Unloading layer library %s", prop->lib_name);
          prop->lib_handle = NULL;
      }
  }
  
  void loaderDeactivateLayers(const struct loader_instance *instance, struct loader_device *device, struct loader_layer_list *list) {
      // Delete instance list of enabled layers and close any layer libraries
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < list->count; i++) {
          struct loader_layer_properties *layer_prop = &list->list[i];
  
          loaderCloseLayerFile(instance, layer_prop);
      }
      loaderDestroyLayerList(instance, device, list);
  }
  
  // Go through the search_list and find any layers which match type. If layer
  // type match is found in then add it to ext_list.
  static void loaderAddImplicitLayers(const struct loader_instance *inst, struct loader_layer_list *target_list,
                                      struct loader_layer_list *expanded_target_list, const struct loader_layer_list *source_list) {
      for (uint32_t src_layer = 0; src_layer < source_list->count; src_layer++) {
          const struct loader_layer_properties *prop = &source_list->list[src_layer];
          if (0 == (prop->type_flags & VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_EXPLICIT_LAYER)) {
              loaderAddImplicitLayer(inst, prop, target_list, expanded_target_list, source_list);
          }
      }
  }
  
  // Get the layer name(s) from the env_name environment variable. If layer is found in
  // search_list then add it to layer_list.  But only add it to layer_list if type_flags matches.
  static void loaderAddEnvironmentLayers(struct loader_instance *inst, const enum layer_type_flags type_flags, const char *env_name,
                                         struct loader_layer_list *target_list, struct loader_layer_list *expanded_target_list,
                                         const struct loader_layer_list *source_list) {
      char *next, *name;
      char *layer_env = loader_getenv(env_name, inst);
      if (layer_env == NULL) {
          goto out;
      }
      name = loader_stack_alloc(strlen(layer_env) + 1);
      if (name == NULL) {
          goto out;
      }
      strcpy(name, layer_env);
  
      while (name && *name) {
          next = loader_get_next_path(name);
          loaderAddLayerNameToList(inst, name, type_flags, source_list, target_list, expanded_target_list);
          name = next;
      }
  
  out:
  
      if (layer_env != NULL) {
          loader_free_getenv(layer_env, inst);
      }
  
      return;
  }
  
  VkResult loaderEnableInstanceLayers(struct loader_instance *inst, const VkInstanceCreateInfo *pCreateInfo,
                                      const struct loader_layer_list *instance_layers) {
      VkResult err = VK_SUCCESS;
      uint16_t layer_api_major_version;
      uint16_t layer_api_minor_version;
      uint32_t i;
      struct loader_layer_properties *prop;
  
      assert(inst && "Cannot have null instance");
  
      if (!loaderInitLayerList(inst, &inst->app_activated_layer_list)) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loaderEnableInstanceLayers: Failed to initialize application version of the layer list");
          return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
      }
  
      if (!loaderInitLayerList(inst, &inst->expanded_activated_layer_list)) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loaderEnableInstanceLayers: Failed to initialize expanded version of the layer list");
          return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
      }
  
      // Add any implicit layers first
      loaderAddImplicitLayers(inst, &inst->app_activated_layer_list, &inst->expanded_activated_layer_list, instance_layers);
  
      // Add any layers specified via environment variable next
      loaderAddEnvironmentLayers(inst, VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_EXPLICIT_LAYER, "VK_INSTANCE_LAYERS", &inst->app_activated_layer_list,
                                 &inst->expanded_activated_layer_list, instance_layers);
  
      // Add layers specified by the application
      err = loaderAddLayerNamesToList(inst, &inst->app_activated_layer_list, &inst->expanded_activated_layer_list,
                                      pCreateInfo->enabledLayerCount, pCreateInfo->ppEnabledLayerNames, instance_layers);
  
      for (i = 0; i < inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.count; i++) {
          // Verify that the layer api version is at least that of the application's request, if not, throw a warning since
          // undefined behavior could occur.
          prop = inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.list + i;
          layer_api_major_version = VK_VERSION_MAJOR(prop->info.specVersion);
          layer_api_minor_version = VK_VERSION_MINOR(prop->info.specVersion);
          if (inst->app_api_major_version > layer_api_major_version ||
              (inst->app_api_major_version == layer_api_major_version && inst->app_api_minor_version > layer_api_minor_version)) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_add_to_layer_list: Explicit layer %s is using an old API version %" PRIu16 ".%" PRIu16
                         " versus application requested %" PRIu16 ".%" PRIu16,
                         prop->info.layerName, layer_api_major_version, layer_api_minor_version, inst->app_api_major_version,
                         inst->app_api_minor_version);
          }
      }
  
      return err;
  }
  
  // Determine the layer interface version to use.
  bool loaderGetLayerInterfaceVersion(PFN_vkNegotiateLoaderLayerInterfaceVersion fp_negotiate_layer_version,
                                      VkNegotiateLayerInterface *interface_struct) {
      memset(interface_struct, 0, sizeof(VkNegotiateLayerInterface));
      interface_struct->sType = LAYER_NEGOTIATE_INTERFACE_STRUCT;
      interface_struct->loaderLayerInterfaceVersion = 1;
      interface_struct->pNext = NULL;
  
      if (fp_negotiate_layer_version != NULL) {
          // Layer supports the negotiation API, so call it with the loader's
          // latest version supported
          interface_struct->loaderLayerInterfaceVersion = CURRENT_LOADER_LAYER_INTERFACE_VERSION;
          VkResult result = fp_negotiate_layer_version(interface_struct);
  
          if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
              // Layer no longer supports the loader's latest interface version so
              // fail loading the Layer
              return false;
          }
      }
  
      if (interface_struct->loaderLayerInterfaceVersion < MIN_SUPPORTED_LOADER_LAYER_INTERFACE_VERSION) {
          // Loader no longer supports the layer's latest interface version so
          // fail loading the layer
          return false;
      }
  
      return true;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL loader_layer_create_device(VkInstance instance, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
                                                            const VkDeviceCreateInfo *pCreateInfo,
                                                            const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator, VkDevice *pDevice,
                                                            PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr layerGIPA, PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr *nextGDPA) {
      VkResult res;
      VkPhysicalDevice internal_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
      struct loader_device *dev = NULL;
      struct loader_instance *inst = NULL;
  
      if (instance != NULL) {
          inst = loader_get_instance(instance);
          internal_device = physicalDevice;
      } else {
          struct loader_physical_device_tramp *phys_dev = (struct loader_physical_device_tramp *)physicalDevice;
          internal_device = phys_dev->phys_dev;
          inst = (struct loader_instance *)phys_dev->this_instance;
      }
  
      // Get the physical device (ICD) extensions
      struct loader_extension_list icd_exts;
      icd_exts.list = NULL;
      res = loader_init_generic_list(inst, (struct loader_generic_list *)&icd_exts, sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "vkCreateDevice:  Failed to create ICD extension list");
          goto out;
      }
  
      PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties enumDeviceExtensionProperties = NULL;
      if (layerGIPA != NULL) {
          enumDeviceExtensionProperties =
              (PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties)layerGIPA(instance, "vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties");
      } else {
          enumDeviceExtensionProperties = inst->disp->layer_inst_disp.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties;
      }
      res = loader_add_device_extensions(inst, enumDeviceExtensionProperties, internal_device, "Unknown", &icd_exts);
      if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "vkCreateDevice:  Failed to add extensions to list");
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Make sure requested extensions to be enabled are supported
      res = loader_validate_device_extensions(inst, &inst->expanded_activated_layer_list, &icd_exts, pCreateInfo);
      if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "vkCreateDevice:  Failed to validate extensions in list");
          goto out;
      }
  
      dev = loader_create_logical_device(inst, pAllocator);
      if (dev == NULL) {
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Copy the application enabled instance layer list into the device
      if (NULL != inst->app_activated_layer_list.list) {
          dev->app_activated_layer_list.capacity = inst->app_activated_layer_list.capacity;
          dev->app_activated_layer_list.count = inst->app_activated_layer_list.count;
          dev->app_activated_layer_list.list =
              loader_device_heap_alloc(dev, inst->app_activated_layer_list.capacity, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_DEVICE);
          if (dev->app_activated_layer_list.list == NULL) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkCreateDevice:  Failed to allocate application activated layer list of size %d.",
                         inst->app_activated_layer_list.capacity);
              res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              goto out;
          }
          memcpy(dev->app_activated_layer_list.list, inst->app_activated_layer_list.list,
                 sizeof(*dev->app_activated_layer_list.list) * dev->app_activated_layer_list.count);
      } else {
          dev->app_activated_layer_list.capacity = 0;
          dev->app_activated_layer_list.count = 0;
          dev->app_activated_layer_list.list = NULL;
      }
  
      // Copy the expanded enabled instance layer list into the device
      if (NULL != inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.list) {
          dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.capacity = inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.capacity;
          dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.count = inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.count;
          dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.list =
              loader_device_heap_alloc(dev, inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.capacity, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_DEVICE);
          if (dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.list == NULL) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkCreateDevice:  Failed to allocate expanded activated layer list of size %d.",
                         inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.capacity);
              res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              goto out;
          }
          memcpy(dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.list, inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.list,
                 sizeof(*dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.list) * dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.count);
      } else {
          dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.capacity = 0;
          dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.count = 0;
          dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.list = NULL;
      }
  
      res = loader_create_device_chain(internal_device, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, inst, dev, layerGIPA, nextGDPA);
      if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0, "vkCreateDevice:  Failed to create device chain.");
          goto out;
      }
  
      *pDevice = dev->chain_device;
  
      // Initialize any device extension dispatch entry's from the instance list
      loader_init_dispatch_dev_ext(inst, dev);
  
      // Initialize WSI device extensions as part of core dispatch since loader
      // has dedicated trampoline code for these
      loader_init_device_extension_dispatch_table(&dev->loader_dispatch, inst->disp->layer_inst_disp.GetInstanceProcAddr,
                                                  dev->loader_dispatch.core_dispatch.GetDeviceProcAddr, inst->instance, *pDevice);
  
  out:
  
      // Failure cleanup
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          if (NULL != dev) {
              loader_destroy_logical_device(inst, dev, pAllocator);
          }
      }
  
      if (NULL != icd_exts.list) {
          loader_destroy_generic_list(inst, (struct loader_generic_list *)&icd_exts);
      }
      return res;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL loader_layer_destroy_device(VkDevice device, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator,
                                                         PFN_vkDestroyDevice destroyFunction) {
      struct loader_device *dev;
  
      if (device == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
          return;
      }
  
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = loader_get_icd_and_device(device, &dev, NULL);
      const struct loader_instance *inst = icd_term->this_instance;
  
      destroyFunction(device, pAllocator);
      dev->chain_device = NULL;
      dev->icd_device = NULL;
      loader_remove_logical_device(inst, icd_term, dev, pAllocator);
  }
  
  // Given the list of layers to activate in the loader_instance
  // structure. This function will add a VkLayerInstanceCreateInfo
  // structure to the VkInstanceCreateInfo.pNext pointer.
  // Each activated layer will have it's own VkLayerInstanceLink
  // structure that tells the layer what Get*ProcAddr to call to
  // get function pointers to the next layer down.
  // Once the chain info has been created this function will
  // execute the CreateInstance call chain. Each layer will
  // then have an opportunity in it's CreateInstance function
  // to setup it's dispatch table when the lower layer returns
  // successfully.
  // Each layer can wrap or not-wrap the returned VkInstance object
  // as it sees fit.
  // The instance chain is terminated by a loader function
  // that will call CreateInstance on all available ICD's and
  // cache those VkInstance objects for future use.
  VkResult loader_create_instance_chain(const VkInstanceCreateInfo *pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator,
                                        struct loader_instance *inst, VkInstance *created_instance) {
      uint32_t activated_layers = 0;
      VkLayerInstanceCreateInfo chain_info;
      VkLayerInstanceLink *layer_instance_link_info = NULL;
      VkInstanceCreateInfo loader_create_info;
      VkResult res;
  
      PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr next_gipa = loader_gpa_instance_internal;
      PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr cur_gipa = loader_gpa_instance_internal;
      PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr cur_gdpa = loader_gpa_device_internal;
      PFN_GetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr next_gpdpa = loader_gpdpa_instance_internal;
      PFN_GetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr cur_gpdpa = loader_gpdpa_instance_internal;
  
      memcpy(&loader_create_info, pCreateInfo, sizeof(VkInstanceCreateInfo));
  
      if (inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.count > 0) {
          chain_info.u.pLayerInfo = NULL;
          chain_info.pNext = pCreateInfo->pNext;
          chain_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_LOADER_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
          chain_info.function = VK_LAYER_LINK_INFO;
          loader_create_info.pNext = &chain_info;
  
          layer_instance_link_info = loader_stack_alloc(sizeof(VkLayerInstanceLink) * inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.count);
          if (!layer_instance_link_info) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_create_instance_chain: Failed to alloc Instance"
                         " objects for layer");
              return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          }
  
          // Create instance chain of enabled layers
          for (int32_t i = inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
              struct loader_layer_properties *layer_prop = &inst->expanded_activated_layer_list.list[i];
              loader_platform_dl_handle lib_handle;
  
              lib_handle = loaderOpenLayerFile(inst, "instance", layer_prop);
              if (!lib_handle) {
                  continue;
              }
  
              if (NULL == layer_prop->functions.negotiate_layer_interface) {
                  PFN_vkNegotiateLoaderLayerInterfaceVersion negotiate_interface = NULL;
                  bool functions_in_interface = false;
                  if (strlen(layer_prop->functions.str_negotiate_interface) == 0) {
                      negotiate_interface = (PFN_vkNegotiateLoaderLayerInterfaceVersion)loader_platform_get_proc_address(
                          lib_handle, "vkNegotiateLoaderLayerInterfaceVersion");
                  } else {
                      negotiate_interface = (PFN_vkNegotiateLoaderLayerInterfaceVersion)loader_platform_get_proc_address(
                          lib_handle, layer_prop->functions.str_negotiate_interface);
                  }
  
                  // If we can negotiate an interface version, then we can also
                  // get everything we need from the one function call, so try
                  // that first, and see if we can get all the function pointers
                  // necessary from that one call.
                  if (NULL != negotiate_interface) {
                      layer_prop->functions.negotiate_layer_interface = negotiate_interface;
  
                      VkNegotiateLayerInterface interface_struct;
  
                      if (loaderGetLayerInterfaceVersion(negotiate_interface, &interface_struct)) {
                          // Go ahead and set the properties version to the
                          // correct value.
                          layer_prop->interface_version = interface_struct.loaderLayerInterfaceVersion;
  
                          // If the interface is 2 or newer, we have access to the
                          // new GetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr function, so grab it,
                          // and the other necessary functions, from the
                          // structure.
                          if (interface_struct.loaderLayerInterfaceVersion > 1) {
                              cur_gipa = interface_struct.pfnGetInstanceProcAddr;
                              cur_gdpa = interface_struct.pfnGetDeviceProcAddr;
                              cur_gpdpa = interface_struct.pfnGetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr;
                              if (cur_gipa != NULL) {
                                  // We've set the functions, so make sure we
                                  // don't do the unnecessary calls later.
                                  functions_in_interface = true;
                              }
                          }
                      }
                  }
  
                  if (!functions_in_interface) {
                      if ((cur_gipa = layer_prop->functions.get_instance_proc_addr) == NULL) {
                          if (strlen(layer_prop->functions.str_gipa) == 0) {
                              cur_gipa =
                                  (PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr)loader_platform_get_proc_address(lib_handle, "vkGetInstanceProcAddr");
                              layer_prop->functions.get_instance_proc_addr = cur_gipa;
                          } else {
                              cur_gipa = (PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr)loader_platform_get_proc_address(lib_handle,
                                                                                                     layer_prop->functions.str_gipa);
                          }
  
                          if (NULL == cur_gipa) {
                              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                         "loader_create_instance_chain: Failed to"
                                         " find \'vkGetInstanceProcAddr\' in "
                                         "layer %s",
                                         layer_prop->lib_name);
                              continue;
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
  
              layer_instance_link_info[activated_layers].pNext = chain_info.u.pLayerInfo;
              layer_instance_link_info[activated_layers].pfnNextGetInstanceProcAddr = next_gipa;
              layer_instance_link_info[activated_layers].pfnNextGetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr = next_gpdpa;
              next_gipa = cur_gipa;
              if (layer_prop->interface_version > 1 && cur_gpdpa != NULL) {
                  layer_prop->functions.get_physical_device_proc_addr = cur_gpdpa;
                  next_gpdpa = cur_gpdpa;
              }
              if (layer_prop->interface_version > 1 && cur_gipa != NULL) {
                  layer_prop->functions.get_instance_proc_addr = cur_gipa;
              }
              if (layer_prop->interface_version > 1 && cur_gdpa != NULL) {
                  layer_prop->functions.get_device_proc_addr = cur_gdpa;
              }
  
              chain_info.u.pLayerInfo = &layer_instance_link_info[activated_layers];
  
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0, "Insert instance layer %s (%s)", layer_prop->info.layerName,
                         layer_prop->lib_name);
  
              activated_layers++;
          }
      }
  
      PFN_vkCreateInstance fpCreateInstance = (PFN_vkCreateInstance)next_gipa(*created_instance, "vkCreateInstance");
      if (fpCreateInstance) {
          VkLayerInstanceCreateInfo create_info_disp;
  
          create_info_disp.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_LOADER_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
          create_info_disp.function = VK_LOADER_DATA_CALLBACK;
  
          create_info_disp.u.pfnSetInstanceLoaderData = vkSetInstanceDispatch;
  
          create_info_disp.pNext = loader_create_info.pNext;
          loader_create_info.pNext = &create_info_disp;
  
          VkLayerInstanceCreateInfo create_info_disp2;
  
          create_info_disp2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_LOADER_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
          create_info_disp2.function = VK_LOADER_LAYER_CREATE_DEVICE_CALLBACK;
  
          create_info_disp2.u.layerDevice.pfnLayerCreateDevice = loader_layer_create_device;
          create_info_disp2.u.layerDevice.pfnLayerDestroyDevice = loader_layer_destroy_device;
  
          create_info_disp2.pNext = loader_create_info.pNext;
          loader_create_info.pNext = &create_info_disp2;
  
          res = fpCreateInstance(&loader_create_info, pAllocator, created_instance);
      } else {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loader_create_instance_chain: Failed to find "
                     "\'vkCreateInstance\'");
          // Couldn't find CreateInstance function!
          res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
      }
  
      if (res == VK_SUCCESS) {
          loader_init_instance_core_dispatch_table(&inst->disp->layer_inst_disp, next_gipa, *created_instance);
          inst->instance = *created_instance;
      }
  
      return res;
  }
  
  void loaderActivateInstanceLayerExtensions(struct loader_instance *inst, VkInstance created_inst) {
      loader_init_instance_extension_dispatch_table(&inst->disp->layer_inst_disp, inst->disp->layer_inst_disp.GetInstanceProcAddr,
                                                    created_inst);
  }
  
  VkResult loader_create_device_chain(const VkPhysicalDevice pd, const VkDeviceCreateInfo *pCreateInfo,
                                      const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator, const struct loader_instance *inst,
                                      struct loader_device *dev, PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr callingLayer,
                                      PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr *layerNextGDPA) {
      uint32_t activated_layers = 0;
      VkLayerDeviceLink *layer_device_link_info;
      VkLayerDeviceCreateInfo chain_info;
      VkDeviceCreateInfo loader_create_info;
      VkResult res;
  
      PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr fpGDPA = NULL, nextGDPA = loader_gpa_device_internal;
      PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr fpGIPA = NULL, nextGIPA = loader_gpa_instance_internal;
  
      memcpy(&loader_create_info, pCreateInfo, sizeof(VkDeviceCreateInfo));
  
      // Before we continue, we need to find out if the KHR_device_group extension is in the enabled list.  If it is, we then
      // need to look for the corresponding VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfoKHR struct in the device list.  This is because we
      // need to replace all the incoming physical device values (which are really loader trampoline physical device values)
      // with the layer/ICD version.
      {
          VkBaseOutStructure *pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)loader_create_info.pNext;
          VkBaseOutStructure *pPrev = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&loader_create_info;
          while (NULL != pNext) {
              if (VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO == pNext->sType) {
                  VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfoKHR *cur_struct = (VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfoKHR *)pNext;
                  if (0 < cur_struct->physicalDeviceCount && NULL != cur_struct->pPhysicalDevices) {
                      VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfoKHR *temp_struct = loader_stack_alloc(sizeof(VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfoKHR));
                      VkPhysicalDevice *phys_dev_array = NULL;
                      if (NULL == temp_struct) {
                          return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      }
                      memcpy(temp_struct, cur_struct, sizeof(VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfoKHR));
                      phys_dev_array = loader_stack_alloc(sizeof(VkPhysicalDevice) * cur_struct->physicalDeviceCount);
                      if (NULL == phys_dev_array) {
                          return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      }
  
                      // Before calling down, replace the incoming physical device values (which are really loader trampoline
                      // physical devices) with the next layer (or possibly even the terminator) physical device values.
                      struct loader_physical_device_tramp *cur_tramp;
                      for (uint32_t phys_dev = 0; phys_dev < cur_struct->physicalDeviceCount; phys_dev++) {
                          cur_tramp = (struct loader_physical_device_tramp *)cur_struct->pPhysicalDevices[phys_dev];
                          phys_dev_array[phys_dev] = cur_tramp->phys_dev;
                      }
                      temp_struct->pPhysicalDevices = phys_dev_array;
  
                      // Replace the old struct in the pNext chain with this one.
                      pPrev->pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)temp_struct;
                      pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)temp_struct;
                  }
                  break;
              }
  
              pPrev = pNext;
              pNext = pNext->pNext;
          }
      }
  
      layer_device_link_info = loader_stack_alloc(sizeof(VkLayerDeviceLink) * dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.count);
      if (!layer_device_link_info) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loader_create_device_chain: Failed to alloc Device objects"
                     " for layer.  Skipping Layer.");
          return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
      }
  
      if (dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.count > 0) {
          chain_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_LOADER_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
          chain_info.function = VK_LAYER_LINK_INFO;
          chain_info.u.pLayerInfo = NULL;
          chain_info.pNext = loader_create_info.pNext;
          loader_create_info.pNext = &chain_info;
  
          bool done = false;
  
          // Create instance chain of enabled layers
          for (int32_t i = dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
              struct loader_layer_properties *layer_prop = &dev->expanded_activated_layer_list.list[i];
              loader_platform_dl_handle lib_handle;
  
              lib_handle = loaderOpenLayerFile(inst, "device", layer_prop);
              if (!lib_handle || done) {
                  continue;
              }
  
              // The Get*ProcAddr pointers will already be filled in if they were received from either the json file or the
              // version negotiation
              if ((fpGIPA = layer_prop->functions.get_instance_proc_addr) == NULL) {
                  if (strlen(layer_prop->functions.str_gipa) == 0) {
                      fpGIPA = (PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr)loader_platform_get_proc_address(lib_handle, "vkGetInstanceProcAddr");
                      layer_prop->functions.get_instance_proc_addr = fpGIPA;
                  } else
                      fpGIPA =
                          (PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr)loader_platform_get_proc_address(lib_handle, layer_prop->functions.str_gipa);
                  if (!fpGIPA) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "loader_create_device_chain: Failed to find "
                                 "\'vkGetInstanceProcAddr\' in layer %s.  Skipping"
                                 " layer.",
                                 layer_prop->lib_name);
                      continue;
                  }
              }
  
              if (fpGIPA == callingLayer) {
                  if (layerNextGDPA != NULL) {
                      *layerNextGDPA = nextGDPA;
                  }
                  done = true;
                  continue;
              }
  
              if ((fpGDPA = layer_prop->functions.get_device_proc_addr) == NULL) {
                  if (strlen(layer_prop->functions.str_gdpa) == 0) {
                      fpGDPA = (PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr)loader_platform_get_proc_address(lib_handle, "vkGetDeviceProcAddr");
                      layer_prop->functions.get_device_proc_addr = fpGDPA;
                  } else
                      fpGDPA =
                          (PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr)loader_platform_get_proc_address(lib_handle, layer_prop->functions.str_gdpa);
                  if (!fpGDPA) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0, "Failed to find vkGetDeviceProcAddr in layer %s",
                                 layer_prop->lib_name);
                      continue;
                  }
              }
  
              layer_device_link_info[activated_layers].pNext = chain_info.u.pLayerInfo;
              layer_device_link_info[activated_layers].pfnNextGetInstanceProcAddr = nextGIPA;
              layer_device_link_info[activated_layers].pfnNextGetDeviceProcAddr = nextGDPA;
              chain_info.u.pLayerInfo = &layer_device_link_info[activated_layers];
              nextGIPA = fpGIPA;
              nextGDPA = fpGDPA;
  
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0, "Inserted device layer %s (%s)", layer_prop->info.layerName,
                         layer_prop->lib_name);
  
              activated_layers++;
          }
      }
  
      VkDevice created_device = (VkDevice)dev;
      PFN_vkCreateDevice fpCreateDevice = (PFN_vkCreateDevice)nextGIPA(inst->instance, "vkCreateDevice");
      if (fpCreateDevice) {
          VkLayerDeviceCreateInfo create_info_disp;
  
          create_info_disp.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_LOADER_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
          create_info_disp.function = VK_LOADER_DATA_CALLBACK;
  
          create_info_disp.u.pfnSetDeviceLoaderData = vkSetDeviceDispatch;
  
          create_info_disp.pNext = loader_create_info.pNext;
          loader_create_info.pNext = &create_info_disp;
          res = fpCreateDevice(pd, &loader_create_info, pAllocator, &created_device);
          if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
              return res;
          }
          dev->chain_device = created_device;
      } else {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "loader_create_device_chain: Failed to find \'vkCreateDevice\' "
                     "in layers or ICD");
          // Couldn't find CreateDevice function!
          return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
      }
  
      // Initialize device dispatch table
      loader_init_device_dispatch_table(&dev->loader_dispatch, nextGDPA, dev->chain_device);
  
      return res;
  }
  
  VkResult loaderValidateLayers(const struct loader_instance *inst, const uint32_t layer_count,
                                const char *const *ppEnabledLayerNames, const struct loader_layer_list *list) {
      struct loader_layer_properties *prop;
  
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < layer_count; i++) {
          VkStringErrorFlags result = vk_string_validate(MaxLoaderStringLength, ppEnabledLayerNames[i]);
          if (result != VK_STRING_ERROR_NONE) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loaderValidateLayers: Device ppEnabledLayerNames "
                         "contains string that is too long or is badly formed");
              return VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT;
          }
  
          prop = loaderFindLayerProperty(ppEnabledLayerNames[i], list);
          if (NULL == prop) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loaderValidateLayers: Layer %d does not exist in the list of available layers", i);
              return VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT;
          }
      }
      return VK_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  VkResult loader_validate_instance_extensions(struct loader_instance *inst, const struct loader_extension_list *icd_exts,
                                               const struct loader_layer_list *instance_layers,
                                               const VkInstanceCreateInfo *pCreateInfo) {
      VkExtensionProperties *extension_prop;
      char *env_value;
      bool check_if_known = true;
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
  
      struct loader_layer_list active_layers;
      struct loader_layer_list expanded_layers;
      memset(&active_layers, 0, sizeof(active_layers));
      memset(&expanded_layers, 0, sizeof(expanded_layers));
      if (!loaderInitLayerList(inst, &active_layers)) {
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
      if (!loaderInitLayerList(inst, &expanded_layers)) {
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Build the lists of active layers (including metalayers) and expanded layers (with metalayers resolved to their components)
      loaderAddImplicitLayers(inst, &active_layers, &expanded_layers, instance_layers);
      loaderAddEnvironmentLayers(inst, VK_LAYER_TYPE_FLAG_EXPLICIT_LAYER, ENABLED_LAYERS_ENV, &active_layers, &expanded_layers,
                                 instance_layers);
      res = loaderAddLayerNamesToList(inst, &active_layers, &expanded_layers, pCreateInfo->enabledLayerCount,
                                      pCreateInfo->ppEnabledLayerNames, instance_layers);
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pCreateInfo->enabledExtensionCount; i++) {
          VkStringErrorFlags result = vk_string_validate(MaxLoaderStringLength, pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i]);
          if (result != VK_STRING_ERROR_NONE) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_validate_instance_extensions: Instance ppEnabledExtensionNames contains "
                         "string that is too long or is badly formed");
              res = VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
              goto out;
          }
  
          // Check if a user wants to disable the instance extension filtering behavior
          env_value = loader_getenv("VK_LOADER_DISABLE_INST_EXT_FILTER", inst);
          if (NULL != env_value && atoi(env_value) != 0) {
              check_if_known = false;
          }
          loader_free_getenv(env_value, inst);
  
          if (check_if_known) {
              // See if the extension is in the list of supported extensions
              bool found = false;
              for (uint32_t j = 0; LOADER_INSTANCE_EXTENSIONS[j] != NULL; j++) {
                  if (strcmp(pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i], LOADER_INSTANCE_EXTENSIONS[j]) == 0) {
                      found = true;
                      break;
                  }
              }
  
              // If it isn't in the list, return an error
              if (!found) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "loader_validate_instance_extensions: Extension %s not found in list of known instance extensions.",
                             pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i]);
                  res = VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
                  goto out;
              }
          }
  
          extension_prop = get_extension_property(pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i], icd_exts);
  
          if (extension_prop) {
              continue;
          }
  
          extension_prop = NULL;
  
          // Not in global list, search layer extension lists
          struct loader_layer_properties *layer_prop = NULL;
          for (uint32_t j = 0; NULL == extension_prop && j < expanded_layers.count; ++j) {
              extension_prop =
                  get_extension_property(pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i], &expanded_layers.list[j].instance_extension_list);
              if (extension_prop) {
                  // Found the extension in one of the layers enabled by the app.
                  break;
              }
  
              layer_prop = loaderFindLayerProperty(expanded_layers.list[j].info.layerName, instance_layers);
              if (NULL == layer_prop) {
                  // Should NOT get here, loaderValidateLayers should have already filtered this case out.
                  continue;
              }
          }
  
          if (!extension_prop) {
              // Didn't find extension name in any of the global layers, error out
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_validate_instance_extensions: Instance extension %s not supported by available ICDs or enabled "
                         "layers.",
                         pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i]);
              res = VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
              goto out;
          }
      }
  
  out:
      loaderDestroyLayerList(inst, NULL, &active_layers);
      loaderDestroyLayerList(inst, NULL, &expanded_layers);
      return res;
  }
  
  VkResult loader_validate_device_extensions(struct loader_instance *this_instance,
                                             const struct loader_layer_list *activated_device_layers,
                                             const struct loader_extension_list *icd_exts, const VkDeviceCreateInfo *pCreateInfo) {
      VkExtensionProperties *extension_prop;
      struct loader_layer_properties *layer_prop;
  
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pCreateInfo->enabledExtensionCount; i++) {
          VkStringErrorFlags result = vk_string_validate(MaxLoaderStringLength, pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i]);
          if (result != VK_STRING_ERROR_NONE) {
              loader_log(this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_validate_device_extensions: Device ppEnabledExtensionNames contains "
                         "string that is too long or is badly formed");
              return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
          }
  
          const char *extension_name = pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i];
          extension_prop = get_extension_property(extension_name, icd_exts);
  
          if (extension_prop) {
              continue;
          }
  
          // Not in global list, search activated layer extension lists
          for (uint32_t j = 0; j < activated_device_layers->count; j++) {
              layer_prop = &activated_device_layers->list[j];
  
              extension_prop = get_dev_extension_property(extension_name, &layer_prop->device_extension_list);
              if (extension_prop) {
                  // Found the extension in one of the layers enabled by the app.
                  break;
              }
          }
  
          if (!extension_prop) {
              // Didn't find extension name in any of the device layers, error out
              loader_log(this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "loader_validate_device_extensions: Device extension %s not supported by selected physical device "
                         "or enabled layers.",
                         pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i]);
              return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
          }
      }
      return VK_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  // Terminator functions for the Instance chain
  // All named terminator_<Vulkan API name>
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL terminator_CreateInstance(const VkInstanceCreateInfo *pCreateInfo,
                                                           const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator, VkInstance *pInstance) {
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term;
      VkExtensionProperties *prop;
      char **filtered_extension_names = NULL;
      VkInstanceCreateInfo icd_create_info;
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
      bool one_icd_successful = false;
  
      struct loader_instance *ptr_instance = (struct loader_instance *)*pInstance;
      memcpy(&icd_create_info, pCreateInfo, sizeof(icd_create_info));
  
      icd_create_info.enabledLayerCount = 0;
      icd_create_info.ppEnabledLayerNames = NULL;
  
      // NOTE: Need to filter the extensions to only those supported by the ICD.
      //       No ICD will advertise support for layers. An ICD library could
      //       support a layer, but it would be independent of the actual ICD,
      //       just in the same library.
      filtered_extension_names = loader_stack_alloc(pCreateInfo->enabledExtensionCount * sizeof(char *));
      if (!filtered_extension_names) {
          loader_log(ptr_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "terminator_CreateInstance: Failed create extension name array for %d extensions",
                     pCreateInfo->enabledExtensionCount);
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
      icd_create_info.ppEnabledExtensionNames = (const char *const *)filtered_extension_names;
  
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ptr_instance->icd_tramp_list.count; i++) {
          icd_term = loader_icd_add(ptr_instance, &ptr_instance->icd_tramp_list.scanned_list[i]);
          if (NULL == icd_term) {
              loader_log(ptr_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "terminator_CreateInstance: Failed to add ICD %d to ICD trampoline list.", i);
              res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              goto out;
          }
  
          // If any error happens after here, we need to remove the ICD from the list,
          // because we've already added it, but haven't validated it
  
          // Make sure that we reset the pApplicationInfo so we don't get an old pointer
          icd_create_info.pApplicationInfo = pCreateInfo->pApplicationInfo;
          icd_create_info.enabledExtensionCount = 0;
          struct loader_extension_list icd_exts;
  
          loader_log(ptr_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0, "Build ICD instance extension list");
          // traverse scanned icd list adding non-duplicate extensions to the list
          res = loader_init_generic_list(ptr_instance, (struct loader_generic_list *)&icd_exts, sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
          if (VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY == res) {
              // If out of memory, bail immediately.
              goto out;
          } else if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
              // Something bad happened with this ICD, so free it and try the
              // next.
              ptr_instance->icd_terms = icd_term->next;
              icd_term->next = NULL;
              loader_icd_destroy(ptr_instance, icd_term, pAllocator);
              continue;
          }
  
          res = loader_add_instance_extensions(ptr_instance, icd_term->scanned_icd->EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties,
                                               icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name, &icd_exts);
          if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
              loader_destroy_generic_list(ptr_instance, (struct loader_generic_list *)&icd_exts);
              if (VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY == res) {
                  // If out of memory, bail immediately.
                  goto out;
              } else {
                  // Something bad happened with this ICD, so free it and try the next.
                  ptr_instance->icd_terms = icd_term->next;
                  icd_term->next = NULL;
                  loader_icd_destroy(ptr_instance, icd_term, pAllocator);
                  continue;
              }
          }
  
          for (uint32_t j = 0; j < pCreateInfo->enabledExtensionCount; j++) {
              prop = get_extension_property(pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[j], &icd_exts);
              if (prop) {
                  filtered_extension_names[icd_create_info.enabledExtensionCount] = (char *)pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[j];
                  icd_create_info.enabledExtensionCount++;
              }
          }
  
          loader_destroy_generic_list(ptr_instance, (struct loader_generic_list *)&icd_exts);
  
          // Get the driver version from vkEnumerateInstanceVersion
          uint32_t icd_version = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
          VkResult icd_result = VK_SUCCESS;
          if (icd_term->scanned_icd->api_version >= VK_API_VERSION_1_1) {
              PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceVersion icd_enumerate_instance_version = (PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceVersion)
                  icd_term->scanned_icd->GetInstanceProcAddr(NULL, "vkEnumerateInstanceVersion");
              if (icd_enumerate_instance_version != NULL) {
                  icd_result = icd_enumerate_instance_version(&icd_version);
                  if (icd_result != VK_SUCCESS) {
                      icd_version = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
                      loader_log(ptr_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0, "terminator_CreateInstance: ICD \"%s\" "
                          "vkEnumerateInstanceVersion returned error. The ICD will be treated as a 1.0 ICD",
                          icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
                  }
              }
          }
  
          // Create an instance, substituting the version to 1.0 if necessary
          VkApplicationInfo icd_app_info;
          uint32_t icd_version_nopatch = VK_MAKE_VERSION(VK_VERSION_MAJOR(icd_version), VK_VERSION_MINOR(icd_version), 0);
          uint32_t requested_version = pCreateInfo == NULL || pCreateInfo->pApplicationInfo == NULL ? VK_API_VERSION_1_0 : pCreateInfo->pApplicationInfo->apiVersion;
          if ((requested_version != 0) && (icd_version_nopatch == VK_API_VERSION_1_0)) {
              if (icd_create_info.pApplicationInfo == NULL) {
                  memset(&icd_app_info, 0, sizeof(icd_app_info));
              } else {
                  memcpy(&icd_app_info, icd_create_info.pApplicationInfo, sizeof(icd_app_info));
              }
              icd_app_info.apiVersion = icd_version;
              icd_create_info.pApplicationInfo = &icd_app_info;
          }
          icd_result = ptr_instance->icd_tramp_list.scanned_list[i].CreateInstance(&icd_create_info, pAllocator, &(icd_term->instance));
          if (VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY == icd_result) {
              // If out of memory, bail immediately.
              res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              goto out;
          } else if (VK_SUCCESS != icd_result) {
              loader_log(ptr_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "terminator_CreateInstance: Failed to CreateInstance in "
                         "ICD %d.  Skipping ICD.",
                         i);
              ptr_instance->icd_terms = icd_term->next;
              icd_term->next = NULL;
              loader_icd_destroy(ptr_instance, icd_term, pAllocator);
              continue;
          }
  
          if (!loader_icd_init_entries(icd_term, icd_term->instance,
                                       ptr_instance->icd_tramp_list.scanned_list[i].GetInstanceProcAddr)) {
              loader_log(ptr_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "terminator_CreateInstance: Failed to CreateInstance and find "
                         "entrypoints with ICD.  Skipping ICD.");
              ptr_instance->icd_terms = icd_term->next;
              icd_term->next = NULL;
              loader_icd_destroy(ptr_instance, icd_term, pAllocator);
              continue;
          }
  
          // If we made it this far, at least one ICD was successful
          one_icd_successful = true;
      }
  
      // If no ICDs were added to instance list and res is unchanged from it's initial value, the loader was unable to
      // find a suitable ICD.
      if (VK_SUCCESS == res && (ptr_instance->icd_terms == NULL || !one_icd_successful)) {
          res = VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER;
      }
  
  out:
  
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          while (NULL != ptr_instance->icd_terms) {
              icd_term = ptr_instance->icd_terms;
              ptr_instance->icd_terms = icd_term->next;
              if (NULL != icd_term->instance) {
                  icd_term->dispatch.DestroyInstance(icd_term->instance, pAllocator);
              }
              loader_icd_destroy(ptr_instance, icd_term, pAllocator);
          }
      }
  
      return res;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_DestroyInstance(VkInstance instance, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator) {
      struct loader_instance *ptr_instance = loader_instance(instance);
      if (NULL == ptr_instance) {
          return;
      }
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_terms = ptr_instance->icd_terms;
      struct loader_icd_term *next_icd_term;
  
      // Remove this instance from the list of instances:
      struct loader_instance *prev = NULL;
      struct loader_instance *next = loader.instances;
      while (next != NULL) {
          if (next == ptr_instance) {
              // Remove this instance from the list:
              if (prev)
                  prev->next = next->next;
              else
                  loader.instances = next->next;
              break;
          }
          prev = next;
          next = next->next;
      }
  
      while (NULL != icd_terms) {
          if (icd_terms->instance) {
              icd_terms->dispatch.DestroyInstance(icd_terms->instance, pAllocator);
          }
          next_icd_term = icd_terms->next;
          icd_terms->instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
          loader_icd_destroy(ptr_instance, icd_terms, pAllocator);
  
          icd_terms = next_icd_term;
      }
  
      loaderDeleteLayerListAndProperties(ptr_instance, &ptr_instance->instance_layer_list);
      loader_scanned_icd_clear(ptr_instance, &ptr_instance->icd_tramp_list);
      loader_destroy_generic_list(ptr_instance, (struct loader_generic_list *)&ptr_instance->ext_list);
      if (NULL != ptr_instance->phys_devs_term) {
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ptr_instance->phys_dev_count_term; i++) {
              loader_instance_heap_free(ptr_instance, ptr_instance->phys_devs_term[i]);
          }
          loader_instance_heap_free(ptr_instance, ptr_instance->phys_devs_term);
      }
      if (NULL != ptr_instance->phys_dev_groups_term) {
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ptr_instance->phys_dev_group_count_term; i++) {
              loader_instance_heap_free(ptr_instance, ptr_instance->phys_dev_groups_term[i]);
          }
          loader_instance_heap_free(ptr_instance, ptr_instance->phys_dev_groups_term);
      }
      loader_free_dev_ext_table(ptr_instance);
      loader_free_phys_dev_ext_table(ptr_instance);
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL terminator_CreateDevice(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, const VkDeviceCreateInfo *pCreateInfo,
                                                         const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator, VkDevice *pDevice) {
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term;
      phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
  
      struct loader_device *dev = (struct loader_device *)*pDevice;
      PFN_vkCreateDevice fpCreateDevice = icd_term->dispatch.CreateDevice;
      struct loader_extension_list icd_exts;
  
      VkBaseOutStructure *caller_dgci_container = NULL;
      VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfoKHR *caller_dgci = NULL;
  
      dev->phys_dev_term = phys_dev_term;
  
      icd_exts.list = NULL;
  
      if (fpCreateDevice == NULL) {
          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "terminator_CreateDevice: No vkCreateDevice command exposed "
                     "by ICD %s",
                     icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
          res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          goto out;
      }
  
      VkDeviceCreateInfo localCreateInfo;
      memcpy(&localCreateInfo, pCreateInfo, sizeof(localCreateInfo));
  
      // NOTE: Need to filter the extensions to only those supported by the ICD.
      //       No ICD will advertise support for layers. An ICD library could support a layer,
      //       but it would be independent of the actual ICD, just in the same library.
      char **filtered_extension_names = NULL;
      if (0 < pCreateInfo->enabledExtensionCount) {
          filtered_extension_names = loader_stack_alloc(pCreateInfo->enabledExtensionCount * sizeof(char *));
          if (NULL == filtered_extension_names) {
              loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "terminator_CreateDevice: Failed to create extension name "
                         "storage for %d extensions",
                         pCreateInfo->enabledExtensionCount);
              return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          }
      }
  
      localCreateInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
      localCreateInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = NULL;
  
      localCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = 0;
      localCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = (const char *const *)filtered_extension_names;
  
      // Get the physical device (ICD) extensions
      res = loader_init_generic_list(icd_term->this_instance, (struct loader_generic_list *)&icd_exts, sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      res = loader_add_device_extensions(icd_term->this_instance, icd_term->dispatch.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties,
                                         phys_dev_term->phys_dev, icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name, &icd_exts);
      if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pCreateInfo->enabledExtensionCount; i++) {
          const char *extension_name = pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i];
          VkExtensionProperties *prop = get_extension_property(extension_name, &icd_exts);
          if (prop) {
              filtered_extension_names[localCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount] = (char *)extension_name;
              localCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount++;
          } else {
              loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkCreateDevice extension %s not available for "
                         "devices associated with ICD %s",
                         extension_name, icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
          }
      }
  
      // Before we continue, If KHX_device_group is the list of enabled and viable extensions, then we then need to look for the
      // corresponding VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo struct in the device list and replace all the physical device values (which
      // are really loader physical device terminator values) with the ICD versions.
      //if (icd_term->this_instance->enabled_known_extensions.khr_device_group_creation == 1) {
      {
          VkBaseOutStructure *pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)localCreateInfo.pNext;
          VkBaseOutStructure *pPrev = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&localCreateInfo;
          while (NULL != pNext) {
              if (VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO == pNext->sType) {
                  VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo *cur_struct = (VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo *)pNext;
                  if (0 < cur_struct->physicalDeviceCount && NULL != cur_struct->pPhysicalDevices) {
                      VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo *temp_struct = loader_stack_alloc(sizeof(VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo));
                      VkPhysicalDevice *phys_dev_array = NULL;
                      if (NULL == temp_struct) {
                          return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      }
                      memcpy(temp_struct, cur_struct, sizeof(VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo));
                      phys_dev_array = loader_stack_alloc(sizeof(VkPhysicalDevice) * cur_struct->physicalDeviceCount);
                      if (NULL == phys_dev_array) {
                          return VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      }
  
                      // Before calling down, replace the incoming physical device values (which are really loader terminator
                      // physical devices) with the ICDs physical device values.
                      struct loader_physical_device_term *cur_term;
                      for (uint32_t phys_dev = 0; phys_dev < cur_struct->physicalDeviceCount; phys_dev++) {
                          cur_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)cur_struct->pPhysicalDevices[phys_dev];
                          phys_dev_array[phys_dev] = cur_term->phys_dev;
                      }
                      temp_struct->pPhysicalDevices = phys_dev_array;
  
                      // Keep track of pointers to restore pNext chain before returning
                      caller_dgci_container = pPrev;
                      caller_dgci = cur_struct;
  
                      // Replace the old struct in the pNext chain with this one.
                      pPrev->pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)temp_struct;
                      pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)temp_struct;
                  }
                  break;
              }
  
              pPrev = pNext;
              pNext = pNext->pNext;
          }
      }
  
      // Handle loader emulation for structs that are not supported by the ICD:
      // Presently, the emulation leaves the pNext chain alone. This means that the ICD will receive items in the chain which
      // are not recognized by the ICD. If this causes the ICD to fail, then the items would have to be removed here. The current
      // implementation does not remove them because copying the pNext chain would be impossible if the loader does not recognize
      // the any of the struct types, as the loader would not know the size to allocate and copy.
      //if (icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 == NULL && icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR == NULL) {
      {
          const void *pNext = localCreateInfo.pNext;
          while (pNext != NULL) {
              switch (*(VkStructureType *)pNext) {
                  case VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2: {
                      const VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR *features = pNext;
  
                      if (icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 == NULL && icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR == NULL) {
                          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                              "vkCreateDevice: Emulating handling of VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 in pNext chain for ICD \"%s\"",
                              icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
  
                          // Verify that VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2 is enabled
                          if (icd_term->this_instance->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
                              localCreateInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &features->features;
                          }
                      }
  
                      // Leave this item in the pNext chain for now
  
                      pNext = features->pNext;
                      break;
                  }
  
                  case VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO: {
                      const VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfoKHR *group_info = pNext;
  
                      if (icd_term->dispatch.EnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups == NULL && icd_term->dispatch.EnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroupsKHR == NULL) {
                          loader_log(
                              icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                              "vkCreateDevice: Emulating handling of VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties in pNext chain for ICD \"%s\"",
                              icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
  
                          // The group must contain only this one device, since physical device groups aren't actually supported
                          if (group_info->physicalDeviceCount != 1) {
                              loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                     "vkCreateDevice: Emulation failed to create device from device group info");
                              res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
                              goto out;
                          }
                      }
  
                      // Nothing needs to be done here because we're leaving the item in the pNext chain and because the spec states
                      // that the physicalDevice argument must be included in the device group, and we've already checked that it is
  
                      pNext = group_info->pNext;
                      break;
                  }
  
                  // Multiview properties are also allowed, but since VK_KHX_multiview is a device extension, we'll just let the ICD
                  // handle that error when the user enables the extension here
                  default: {
                      const VkBaseInStructure *header = pNext;
                      pNext = header->pNext;
                      break;
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      // Every extension that has a loader-defined terminator needs to be marked as enabled or disabled so that we know whether or
      // not to return that terminator when vkGetDeviceProcAddr is called
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < localCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount; ++i) {
          if (!strcmp(localCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames[i], VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
              dev->extensions.khr_swapchain_enabled = true;
          } else if (!strcmp(localCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames[i], VK_KHR_DISPLAY_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
              dev->extensions.khr_display_swapchain_enabled = true;
          } else if (!strcmp(localCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames[i], VK_KHR_DEVICE_GROUP_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
              dev->extensions.khr_device_group_enabled = true;
          } else if (!strcmp(localCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames[i], VK_EXT_DEBUG_MARKER_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
              dev->extensions.ext_debug_marker_enabled = true;
          } else if (!strcmp(localCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames[i], "VK_EXT_full_screen_exclusive")) {
              dev->extensions.ext_full_screen_exclusive_enabled = true;
          }
      }
      dev->extensions.ext_debug_utils_enabled = icd_term->this_instance->enabled_known_extensions.ext_debug_utils;
  
      if (!dev->extensions.khr_device_group_enabled) {
          VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties;
          icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, &properties);
          if (properties.apiVersion >= VK_API_VERSION_1_1) {
              dev->extensions.khr_device_group_enabled = true;
          }
      }
  
      res = fpCreateDevice(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, &localCreateInfo, pAllocator, &dev->icd_device);
      if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "terminator_CreateDevice: Failed in ICD %s vkCreateDevice"
                     "call",
                     icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
          goto out;
      }
  
      *pDevice = dev->icd_device;
      loader_add_logical_device(icd_term->this_instance, icd_term, dev);
  
      // Init dispatch pointer in new device object
      loader_init_dispatch(*pDevice, &dev->loader_dispatch);
  
  out:
      if (NULL != icd_exts.list) {
          loader_destroy_generic_list(icd_term->this_instance, (struct loader_generic_list *)&icd_exts);
      }
  
      // Restore pNext pointer to old VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfoKHX
      // in the chain to maintain consistency for the caller.
      if (caller_dgci_container != NULL) {
          caller_dgci_container->pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)caller_dgci;
      }
  
      return res;
  }
  
  VkResult setupLoaderTrampPhysDevs(VkInstance instance) {
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
      VkPhysicalDevice *local_phys_devs = NULL;
      struct loader_instance *inst;
      uint32_t total_count = 0;
      struct loader_physical_device_tramp **new_phys_devs = NULL;
  
      inst = loader_get_instance(instance);
      if (NULL == inst) {
          res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Query how many GPUs there
      res = inst->disp->layer_inst_disp.EnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &total_count, NULL);
      if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "setupLoaderTrampPhysDevs:  Failed during dispatch call "
                     "of \'vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices\' to lower layers or "
                     "loader to get count.");
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Really use what the total GPU count is since Optimus and other layers may mess
      // the count up.
      total_count = inst->total_gpu_count;
  
      // Create an array for the new physical devices, which will be stored
      // in the instance for the trampoline code.
      new_phys_devs = (struct loader_physical_device_tramp **)loader_instance_heap_alloc(
          inst, total_count * sizeof(struct loader_physical_device_tramp *), VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
      if (NULL == new_phys_devs) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "setupLoaderTrampPhysDevs:  Failed to allocate new physical device"
                     " array of size %d",
                     total_count);
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
      memset(new_phys_devs, 0, total_count * sizeof(struct loader_physical_device_tramp *));
  
      // Create a temporary array (on the stack) to keep track of the
      // returned VkPhysicalDevice values.
      local_phys_devs = loader_stack_alloc(sizeof(VkPhysicalDevice) * total_count);
      if (NULL == local_phys_devs) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "setupLoaderTrampPhysDevs:  Failed to allocate local "
                     "physical device array of size %d",
                     total_count);
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
      memset(local_phys_devs, 0, sizeof(VkPhysicalDevice) * total_count);
  
      res = inst->disp->layer_inst_disp.EnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &total_count, local_phys_devs);
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "setupLoaderTrampPhysDevs:  Failed during dispatch call "
                     "of \'vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices\' to lower layers or "
                     "loader to get content.");
          goto out;
      }
  
      // Copy or create everything to fill the new array of physical devices
      for (uint32_t new_idx = 0; new_idx < total_count; new_idx++) {
          // Check if this physical device is already in the old buffer
          for (uint32_t old_idx = 0; old_idx < inst->phys_dev_count_tramp; old_idx++) {
              if (local_phys_devs[new_idx] == inst->phys_devs_tramp[old_idx]->phys_dev) {
                  new_phys_devs[new_idx] = inst->phys_devs_tramp[old_idx];
                  break;
              }
          }
  
          // If this physical device isn't in the old buffer, create it
          if (NULL == new_phys_devs[new_idx]) {
              new_phys_devs[new_idx] = (struct loader_physical_device_tramp *)loader_instance_heap_alloc(
                  inst, sizeof(struct loader_physical_device_tramp), VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
              if (NULL == new_phys_devs[new_idx]) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "setupLoaderTrampPhysDevs:  Failed to allocate "
                             "physical device trampoline object %d",
                             new_idx);
                  total_count = new_idx;
                  res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                  goto out;
              }
  
              // Initialize the new physicalDevice object
              loader_set_dispatch((void *)new_phys_devs[new_idx], inst->disp);
              new_phys_devs[new_idx]->this_instance = inst;
              new_phys_devs[new_idx]->phys_dev = local_phys_devs[new_idx];
          }
      }
  
  out:
  
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          if (NULL != new_phys_devs) {
              for (uint32_t i = 0; i < total_count; i++) {
                  loader_instance_heap_free(inst, new_phys_devs[i]);
              }
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, new_phys_devs);
          }
          total_count = 0;
      } else {
          // Free everything that didn't carry over to the new array of
          // physical devices
          if (NULL != inst->phys_devs_tramp) {
              for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inst->phys_dev_count_tramp; i++) {
                  bool found = false;
                  for (uint32_t j = 0; j < total_count; j++) {
                      if (inst->phys_devs_tramp[i] == new_phys_devs[j]) {
                          found = true;
                          break;
                      }
                  }
                  if (!found) {
                      loader_instance_heap_free(inst, inst->phys_devs_tramp[i]);
                  }
              }
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, inst->phys_devs_tramp);
          }
  
          // Swap in the new physical device list
          inst->phys_dev_count_tramp = total_count;
          inst->phys_devs_tramp = new_phys_devs;
      }
  
      return res;
  }
  
  VkResult setupLoaderTermPhysDevs(struct loader_instance *inst) {
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term;
      struct loader_phys_dev_per_icd *icd_phys_dev_array = NULL;
      struct loader_physical_device_term **new_phys_devs = NULL;
  
      inst->total_gpu_count = 0;
  
      // Allocate something to store the physical device characteristics
      // that we read from each ICD.
      icd_phys_dev_array =
          (struct loader_phys_dev_per_icd *)loader_stack_alloc(sizeof(struct loader_phys_dev_per_icd) * inst->total_icd_count);
      if (NULL == icd_phys_dev_array) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "setupLoaderTermPhysDevs:  Failed to allocate temporary "
                     "ICD Physical device info array of size %d",
                     inst->total_gpu_count);
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
      memset(icd_phys_dev_array, 0, sizeof(struct loader_phys_dev_per_icd) * inst->total_icd_count);
      icd_term = inst->icd_terms;
  
      // For each ICD, query the number of physical devices, and then get an
      // internal value for those physical devices.
      for (uint32_t icd_idx = 0; NULL != icd_term; icd_term = icd_term->next, icd_idx++) {
          res = icd_term->dispatch.EnumeratePhysicalDevices(icd_term->instance, &icd_phys_dev_array[icd_idx].count, NULL);
          if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "setupLoaderTermPhysDevs:  Call to "
                         "ICD %d's \'vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices\' failed with"
                         " error 0x%08x",
                         icd_idx, res);
              goto out;
          }
  
          icd_phys_dev_array[icd_idx].phys_devs =
              (VkPhysicalDevice *)loader_stack_alloc(icd_phys_dev_array[icd_idx].count * sizeof(VkPhysicalDevice));
          if (NULL == icd_phys_dev_array[icd_idx].phys_devs) {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "setupLoaderTermPhysDevs:  Failed to allocate temporary "
                         "ICD Physical device array for ICD %d of size %d",
                         icd_idx, inst->total_gpu_count);
              res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              goto out;
          }
  
          res = icd_term->dispatch.EnumeratePhysicalDevices(icd_term->instance, &(icd_phys_dev_array[icd_idx].count),
                                                            icd_phys_dev_array[icd_idx].phys_devs);
          if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
              goto out;
          }
          inst->total_gpu_count += icd_phys_dev_array[icd_idx].count;
          icd_phys_dev_array[icd_idx].this_icd_term = icd_term;
      }
  
      if (0 == inst->total_gpu_count) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "setupLoaderTermPhysDevs:  Failed to detect any valid"
                     " GPUs in the current config");
          res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          goto out;
      }
  
      new_phys_devs = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, sizeof(struct loader_physical_device_term *) * inst->total_gpu_count,
                                                 VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
      if (NULL == new_phys_devs) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "setupLoaderTermPhysDevs:  Failed to allocate new physical"
                     " device array of size %d",
                     inst->total_gpu_count);
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
      memset(new_phys_devs, 0, sizeof(struct loader_physical_device_term *) * inst->total_gpu_count);
  
      // Copy or create everything to fill the new array of physical devices
      uint32_t idx = 0;
      for (uint32_t icd_idx = 0; icd_idx < inst->total_icd_count; icd_idx++) {
          for (uint32_t pd_idx = 0; pd_idx < icd_phys_dev_array[icd_idx].count; pd_idx++) {
              // Check if this physical device is already in the old buffer
              if (NULL != inst->phys_devs_term) {
                  for (uint32_t old_idx = 0; old_idx < inst->phys_dev_count_term; old_idx++) {
                      if (icd_phys_dev_array[icd_idx].phys_devs[pd_idx] == inst->phys_devs_term[old_idx]->phys_dev) {
                          new_phys_devs[idx] = inst->phys_devs_term[old_idx];
                          break;
                      }
                  }
              }
              // If this physical device isn't in the old buffer, then we
              // need to create it.
              if (NULL == new_phys_devs[idx]) {
                  new_phys_devs[idx] = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, sizeof(struct loader_physical_device_term),
                                                                  VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
                  if (NULL == new_phys_devs[idx]) {
                      loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "setupLoaderTermPhysDevs:  Failed to allocate "
                                 "physical device terminator object %d",
                                 idx);
                      inst->total_gpu_count = idx;
                      res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                      goto out;
                  }
  
                  loader_set_dispatch((void *)new_phys_devs[idx], inst->disp);
                  new_phys_devs[idx]->this_icd_term = icd_phys_dev_array[icd_idx].this_icd_term;
                  new_phys_devs[idx]->icd_index = (uint8_t)(icd_idx);
                  new_phys_devs[idx]->phys_dev = icd_phys_dev_array[icd_idx].phys_devs[pd_idx];
              }
              idx++;
          }
      }
  
  out:
  
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          if (NULL != new_phys_devs) {
              // We've encountered an error, so we should free the new buffers.
              for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inst->total_gpu_count; i++) {
                  loader_instance_heap_free(inst, new_phys_devs[i]);
              }
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, new_phys_devs);
          }
          inst->total_gpu_count = 0;
      } else {
          // Free everything that didn't carry over to the new array of
          // physical devices.  Everything else will have been copied over
          // to the new array.
          if (NULL != inst->phys_devs_term) {
              for (uint32_t cur_pd = 0; cur_pd < inst->phys_dev_count_term; cur_pd++) {
                  bool found = false;
                  for (uint32_t new_pd_idx = 0; new_pd_idx < inst->total_gpu_count; new_pd_idx++) {
                      if (inst->phys_devs_term[cur_pd] == new_phys_devs[new_pd_idx]) {
                          found = true;
                          break;
                      }
                  }
                  if (!found) {
                      loader_instance_heap_free(inst, inst->phys_devs_term[cur_pd]);
                  }
              }
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, inst->phys_devs_term);
          }
  
          // Swap out old and new devices list
          inst->phys_dev_count_term = inst->total_gpu_count;
          inst->phys_devs_term = new_phys_devs;
      }
  
      return res;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL terminator_EnumeratePhysicalDevices(VkInstance instance, uint32_t *pPhysicalDeviceCount,
                                                                     VkPhysicalDevice *pPhysicalDevices) {
      struct loader_instance *inst = (struct loader_instance *)instance;
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
  
      // Always call the setup loader terminator physical devices because they may
      // have changed at any point.
      res = setupLoaderTermPhysDevs(inst);
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      uint32_t copy_count = inst->total_gpu_count;
      if (NULL != pPhysicalDevices) {
          if (copy_count > *pPhysicalDeviceCount) {
              copy_count = *pPhysicalDeviceCount;
              res = VK_INCOMPLETE;
          }
  
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < copy_count; i++) {
              pPhysicalDevices[i] = (VkPhysicalDevice)inst->phys_devs_term[i];
          }
      }
  
      *pPhysicalDeviceCount = copy_count;
  
  out:
  
      return res;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceProperties(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
                                                                    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties *pProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      if (NULL != icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties) {
          icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pProperties);
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
                                                                               uint32_t *pQueueFamilyPropertyCount,
                                                                               VkQueueFamilyProperties *pProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      if (NULL != icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties) {
          icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pQueueFamilyPropertyCount, pProperties);
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
                                                                          VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties *pProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      if (NULL != icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties) {
          icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pProperties);
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
                                                                  VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures *pFeatures) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      if (NULL != icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures) {
          icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pFeatures);
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkFormat format,
                                                                          VkFormatProperties *pFormatInfo) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      if (NULL != icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties) {
          icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, format, pFormatInfo);
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkFormat format,
                                                                                   VkImageType type, VkImageTiling tiling,
                                                                                   VkImageUsageFlags usage, VkImageCreateFlags flags,
                                                                                   VkImageFormatProperties *pImageFormatProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      if (NULL == icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties) {
          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "Encountered the vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties "
                     "terminator.  This means a layer improperly continued.");
          return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
      }
      return icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, format, type, tiling, usage, flags,
                                                                       pImageFormatProperties);
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkFormat format,
                                                                                     VkImageType type, VkSampleCountFlagBits samples,
                                                                                     VkImageUsageFlags usage, VkImageTiling tiling,
                                                                                     uint32_t *pNumProperties,
                                                                                     VkSparseImageFormatProperties *pProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      if (NULL != icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties) {
          icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, format, type, samples, usage,
                                                                          tiling, pNumProperties, pProperties);
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL terminator_EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
                                                                               const char *pLayerName, uint32_t *pPropertyCount,
                                                                               VkExtensionProperties *pProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term;
  
      struct loader_layer_list implicit_layer_list = {0};
      struct loader_extension_list all_exts = {0};
      struct loader_extension_list icd_exts = {0};
  
      // Any layer or trampoline wrapping should be removed at this point in time can just cast to the expected
      // type for VkPhysicalDevice.
      phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
  
      // if we got here with a non-empty pLayerName, look up the extensions
      // from the json
      if (pLayerName != NULL && strlen(pLayerName) > 0) {
          uint32_t count;
          uint32_t copy_size;
          const struct loader_instance *inst = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term->this_instance;
          struct loader_device_extension_list *dev_ext_list = NULL;
          struct loader_device_extension_list local_ext_list;
          memset(&local_ext_list, 0, sizeof(local_ext_list));
          if (vk_string_validate(MaxLoaderStringLength, pLayerName) == VK_STRING_ERROR_NONE) {
              for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inst->instance_layer_list.count; i++) {
                  struct loader_layer_properties *props = &inst->instance_layer_list.list[i];
                  if (strcmp(props->info.layerName, pLayerName) == 0) {
                      dev_ext_list = &props->device_extension_list;
                  }
              }
  
              count = (dev_ext_list == NULL) ? 0 : dev_ext_list->count;
              if (pProperties == NULL) {
                  *pPropertyCount = count;
                  loader_destroy_generic_list(inst, (struct loader_generic_list *)&local_ext_list);
                  loader_platform_thread_unlock_mutex(&loader_lock);
                  return VK_SUCCESS;
              }
  
              copy_size = *pPropertyCount < count ? *pPropertyCount : count;
              for (uint32_t i = 0; i < copy_size; i++) {
                  memcpy(&pProperties[i], &dev_ext_list->list[i].props, sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
              }
              *pPropertyCount = copy_size;
  
              loader_destroy_generic_list(inst, (struct loader_generic_list *)&local_ext_list);
              if (copy_size < count) {
                  loader_platform_thread_unlock_mutex(&loader_lock);
                  return VK_INCOMPLETE;
              }
          } else {
              loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties:  pLayerName "
                         "is too long or is badly formed");
              loader_platform_thread_unlock_mutex(&loader_lock);
              return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
          }
  
          return VK_SUCCESS;
      }
  
      // This case is during the call down the instance chain with pLayerName == NULL
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      uint32_t icd_ext_count = *pPropertyCount;
      VkResult res;
  
      // Get the available device extensions
      res = icd_term->dispatch.EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, NULL, &icd_ext_count, pProperties);
      if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      if (!loaderInitLayerList(icd_term->this_instance, &implicit_layer_list)) {
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
  
      loaderAddImplicitLayers(icd_term->this_instance, &implicit_layer_list, NULL, &icd_term->this_instance->instance_layer_list);
      // We need to determine which implicit layers are active, and then add their extensions. This can't be cached as
      // it depends on results of environment variables (which can change).
      if (pProperties != NULL) {
          // Initialize dev_extension list within the physicalDevice object
          res = loader_init_device_extensions(icd_term->this_instance, phys_dev_term, icd_ext_count, pProperties, &icd_exts);
          if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
              goto out;
          }
  
          // We need to determine which implicit layers are active, and then add their extensions. This can't be cached as
          // it depends on results of environment variables (which can change).
          res = loader_add_to_ext_list(icd_term->this_instance, &all_exts, icd_exts.count, icd_exts.list);
          if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
              goto out;
          }
  
          loaderAddImplicitLayers(icd_term->this_instance, &implicit_layer_list, NULL, &icd_term->this_instance->instance_layer_list);
  
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < implicit_layer_list.count; i++) {
              for (uint32_t j = 0; j < implicit_layer_list.list[i].device_extension_list.count; j++) {
                  res = loader_add_to_ext_list(icd_term->this_instance, &all_exts, 1,
                                               &implicit_layer_list.list[i].device_extension_list.list[j].props);
                  if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
                      goto out;
                  }
              }
          }
          uint32_t capacity = *pPropertyCount;
          VkExtensionProperties *props = pProperties;
  
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < all_exts.count && i < capacity; i++) {
              props[i] = all_exts.list[i];
          }
  
          // Wasn't enough space for the extensions, we did partial copy now return VK_INCOMPLETE
          if (capacity < all_exts.count) {
              res = VK_INCOMPLETE;
          } else {
              *pPropertyCount = all_exts.count;
          }
      } else {
          // Have to find the number of unique extensions, ie no duplicates, as the properties list returned contains no duplicates.
  
          // Find the current number of extensions (with duplicates). This is the upper bound for the ext_name_list
          uint32_t max_exts_num = icd_ext_count;
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < implicit_layer_list.count; i++) {
              max_exts_num += implicit_layer_list.list[i].device_extension_list.count;
          }
  
          const struct loader_instance *inst = icd_term->this_instance;
  
          uint32_t ext_name_count = 0;
          char **ext_name_list = loader_instance_heap_alloc(inst, sizeof(char *) * max_exts_num, VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND);
          if (ext_name_list == NULL) {
              // Failed to allocate string list, bail
              res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
              goto out;
          }
  
          // Look through the implicit_layer_list of device extensions and determine if its not in the ext_name_list, add it if it
          // isn't. If it is, ignore it, as it is a duplicate
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < implicit_layer_list.count; i++) {
              for (uint32_t j = 0; j < implicit_layer_list.list[i].device_extension_list.count; j++) {
                  char *extension_name = implicit_layer_list.list[i].device_extension_list.list[j].props.extensionName;
                  bool in_list = false;
                  for (uint32_t k = 0; k < ext_name_count; k++) {
                      if (strncmp(extension_name, ext_name_list[k], 256) == 0) {
                          in_list = true;
                          break;
                      }
                  }
                  if (!in_list) {
                      ext_name_list[ext_name_count] = implicit_layer_list.list[i].device_extension_list.list[j].props.extensionName;
                      ext_name_count++;
                  }
              }
          }
          loader_instance_heap_free(inst, ext_name_list);
          // Add the device extensions already found. Can't check for duplicates from the devices because the names aren't available
          *pPropertyCount = ext_name_count + icd_ext_count;
  
          res = VK_SUCCESS;
      }
  
  out:
  
      if (NULL != implicit_layer_list.list) {
          loader_destroy_generic_list(icd_term->this_instance, (struct loader_generic_list *)&implicit_layer_list);
      }
      if (NULL != all_exts.list) {
          loader_destroy_generic_list(icd_term->this_instance, (struct loader_generic_list *)&all_exts);
      }
      if (NULL != icd_exts.list) {
          loader_destroy_generic_list(icd_term->this_instance, (struct loader_generic_list *)&icd_exts);
      }
  
      return res;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL terminator_EnumerateDeviceLayerProperties(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, uint32_t *pPropertyCount,
                                                                           VkLayerProperties *pProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                 "Encountered the vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties "
                 "terminator.  This means a layer improperly continued.");
      // Should never get here this call isn't dispatched down the chain
      return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
  }
  
  VkStringErrorFlags vk_string_validate(const int max_length, const char *utf8) {
      VkStringErrorFlags result = VK_STRING_ERROR_NONE;
      int num_char_bytes = 0;
      int i, j;
  
      if (utf8 == NULL) {
          return VK_STRING_ERROR_NULL_PTR;
      }
  
      for (i = 0; i <= max_length; i++) {
          if (utf8[i] == 0) {
              break;
          } else if (i == max_length) {
              result |= VK_STRING_ERROR_LENGTH;
              break;
          } else if ((utf8[i] >= 0x20) && (utf8[i] < 0x7f)) {
              num_char_bytes = 0;
          } else if ((utf8[i] & UTF8_ONE_BYTE_MASK) == UTF8_ONE_BYTE_CODE) {
              num_char_bytes = 1;
          } else if ((utf8[i] & UTF8_TWO_BYTE_MASK) == UTF8_TWO_BYTE_CODE) {
              num_char_bytes = 2;
          } else if ((utf8[i] & UTF8_THREE_BYTE_MASK) == UTF8_THREE_BYTE_CODE) {
              num_char_bytes = 3;
          } else {
              result = VK_STRING_ERROR_BAD_DATA;
          }
  
          // Validate the following num_char_bytes of data
          for (j = 0; (j < num_char_bytes) && (i < max_length); j++) {
              if (++i == max_length) {
                  result |= VK_STRING_ERROR_LENGTH;
                  break;
              }
              if ((utf8[i] & UTF8_DATA_BYTE_MASK) != UTF8_DATA_BYTE_CODE) {
                  result |= VK_STRING_ERROR_BAD_DATA;
              }
          }
      }
      return result;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL
  terminator_EnumerateInstanceVersion(const VkEnumerateInstanceVersionChain *chain, uint32_t* pApiVersion) {
      // NOTE: The Vulkan WG doesn't want us checking pApiVersion for NULL, but instead
      // prefers us crashing.
      *pApiVersion = VK_HEADER_VERSION_COMPLETE;
      return VK_SUCCESS;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL
  terminator_EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(const VkEnumerateInstanceExtensionPropertiesChain *chain, const char *pLayerName,
                                                  uint32_t *pPropertyCount, VkExtensionProperties *pProperties) {
      struct loader_extension_list *global_ext_list = NULL;
      struct loader_layer_list instance_layers;
      struct loader_extension_list local_ext_list;
      struct loader_icd_tramp_list icd_tramp_list;
      uint32_t copy_size;
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
  
      // tls_instance = NULL;
      memset(&local_ext_list, 0, sizeof(local_ext_list));
      memset(&instance_layers, 0, sizeof(instance_layers));
  
      // Get layer libraries if needed
      if (pLayerName && strlen(pLayerName) != 0) {
          if (vk_string_validate(MaxLoaderStringLength, pLayerName) != VK_STRING_ERROR_NONE) {
              assert(VK_FALSE &&
                     "vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties:  "
                     "pLayerName is too long or is badly formed");
              res = VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
              goto out;
          }
  
          loaderScanForLayers(NULL, &instance_layers);
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < instance_layers.count; i++) {
              struct loader_layer_properties *props = &instance_layers.list[i];
              if (strcmp(props->info.layerName, pLayerName) == 0) {
                  global_ext_list = &props->instance_extension_list;
                  break;
              }
          }
      } else {
          // Preload ICD libraries so subsequent calls to EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties don't have to load them
          loader_preload_icds();
  
          // Scan/discover all ICD libraries
          memset(&icd_tramp_list, 0, sizeof(icd_tramp_list));
          res = loader_icd_scan(NULL, &icd_tramp_list);
          if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
              goto out;
          }
          // Get extensions from all ICD's, merge so no duplicates
          res = loader_get_icd_loader_instance_extensions(NULL, &icd_tramp_list, &local_ext_list);
          if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
              goto out;
          }
          loader_scanned_icd_clear(NULL, &icd_tramp_list);
  
          // Append enabled implicit layers.
          loaderScanForImplicitLayers(NULL, &instance_layers);
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < instance_layers.count; i++) {
              if (!loaderImplicitLayerIsEnabled(NULL, &instance_layers.list[i])) {
                  continue;
              }
              struct loader_extension_list *ext_list = &instance_layers.list[i].instance_extension_list;
              loader_add_to_ext_list(NULL, &local_ext_list, ext_list->count, ext_list->list);
          }
  
          global_ext_list = &local_ext_list;
      }
  
      if (global_ext_list == NULL) {
          res = VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT;
          goto out;
      }
  
      if (pProperties == NULL) {
          *pPropertyCount = global_ext_list->count;
          goto out;
      }
  
      copy_size = *pPropertyCount < global_ext_list->count ? *pPropertyCount : global_ext_list->count;
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < copy_size; i++) {
          memcpy(&pProperties[i], &global_ext_list->list[i], sizeof(VkExtensionProperties));
      }
      *pPropertyCount = copy_size;
  
      if (copy_size < global_ext_list->count) {
          res = VK_INCOMPLETE;
          goto out;
      }
  
  out:
  
      loader_destroy_generic_list(NULL, (struct loader_generic_list *)&local_ext_list);
      loaderDeleteLayerListAndProperties(NULL, &instance_layers);
      return res;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL terminator_EnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(const VkEnumerateInstanceLayerPropertiesChain *chain,
                                                                             uint32_t *pPropertyCount,
                                                                             VkLayerProperties *pProperties) {
      VkResult result = VK_SUCCESS;
      struct loader_layer_list instance_layer_list;
      tls_instance = NULL;
  
      LOADER_PLATFORM_THREAD_ONCE(&once_init, loader_initialize);
  
      uint32_t copy_size;
  
      // Get layer libraries
      memset(&instance_layer_list, 0, sizeof(instance_layer_list));
      loaderScanForLayers(NULL, &instance_layer_list);
  
      if (pProperties == NULL) {
          *pPropertyCount = instance_layer_list.count;
          goto out;
      }
  
      copy_size = (*pPropertyCount < instance_layer_list.count) ? *pPropertyCount : instance_layer_list.count;
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < copy_size; i++) {
          memcpy(&pProperties[i], &instance_layer_list.list[i].info, sizeof(VkLayerProperties));
      }
  
      *pPropertyCount = copy_size;
  
      if (copy_size < instance_layer_list.count) {
          result = VK_INCOMPLETE;
          goto out;
      }
  
  out:
  
      loaderDeleteLayerListAndProperties(NULL, &instance_layer_list);
      return result;
  }
  
  #if defined(_WIN32)
  BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE hinst, DWORD reason, LPVOID reserved) {
      switch (reason) {
          case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
              loader_initialize();
              break;
          case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
              if (NULL == reserved) {
                  loader_release();
              }
              break;
          default:
              // Do nothing
              break;
      }
      return TRUE;
  }
  #elif !defined(_WIN32)
  __attribute__((constructor)) void loader_init_library() { loader_initialize(); }
  
  __attribute__((destructor)) void loader_free_library() { loader_release(); }
  #endif
  
  // ---- Vulkan Core 1.1 terminators
  
  VkResult setupLoaderTermPhysDevGroups(struct loader_instance *inst) {
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term;
      uint32_t total_count = 0;
      uint32_t cur_icd_group_count = 0;
      VkPhysicalDeviceGroupPropertiesKHR **new_phys_dev_groups = NULL;
      VkPhysicalDeviceGroupPropertiesKHR *local_phys_dev_groups = NULL;
      PFN_vkEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups fpEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups = NULL;
  
      if (0 == inst->phys_dev_count_term) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
              "setupLoaderTermPhysDevGroups:  Loader failed to setup physical "
              "device terminator info before calling \'EnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups\'.");
          assert(false);
          res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
          goto out;
      }
  
      // For each ICD, query the number of physical device groups, and then get an
      // internal value for those physical devices.
      icd_term = inst->icd_terms;
      for (uint32_t icd_idx = 0; NULL != icd_term; icd_term = icd_term->next, icd_idx++) {
          // Get the function pointer to use to call into the ICD. This could be the core or KHR version
          if (inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_device_group_creation) {
              fpEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups = icd_term->dispatch.EnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroupsKHR;
          } else {
              fpEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups = icd_term->dispatch.EnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups;
          }
  
          cur_icd_group_count = 0;
          if (NULL == fpEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups) {
              // Treat each ICD's GPU as it's own group if the extension isn't supported
              res = icd_term->dispatch.EnumeratePhysicalDevices(icd_term->instance, &cur_icd_group_count, NULL);
              if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                      "setupLoaderTermPhysDevGroups:  Failed during dispatch call of "
                      "\'EnumeratePhysicalDevices\' to ICD %d to get plain phys dev count.",
                      icd_idx);
                  goto out;
              }
          } else {
              // Query the actual group info
              res = fpEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups(icd_term->instance, &cur_icd_group_count, NULL);
              if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                      "setupLoaderTermPhysDevGroups:  Failed during dispatch call of "
                      "\'EnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups\' to ICD %d to get count.",
                      icd_idx);
                  goto out;
              }
          }
          total_count += cur_icd_group_count;
      }
  
      // Create an array for the new physical device groups, which will be stored
      // in the instance for the Terminator code.
      new_phys_dev_groups = (VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties **)loader_instance_heap_alloc(
          inst, total_count * sizeof(VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties *), VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
      if (NULL == new_phys_dev_groups) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
              "setupLoaderTermPhysDevGroups:  Failed to allocate new physical device"
              " group array of size %d",
              total_count);
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
      memset(new_phys_dev_groups, 0, total_count * sizeof(VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties *));
  
      // Create a temporary array (on the stack) to keep track of the
      // returned VkPhysicalDevice values.
      local_phys_dev_groups = loader_stack_alloc(sizeof(VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties) * total_count);
      if (NULL == local_phys_dev_groups) {
          loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
              "setupLoaderTermPhysDevGroups:  Failed to allocate local "
              "physical device group array of size %d",
              total_count);
          res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
          goto out;
      }
      // Initialize the memory to something valid
      memset(local_phys_dev_groups, 0, sizeof(VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties) * total_count);
      for (uint32_t group = 0; group < total_count; group++) {
          local_phys_dev_groups[group].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_GROUP_PROPERTIES_KHR;
          local_phys_dev_groups[group].pNext = NULL;
          local_phys_dev_groups[group].subsetAllocation = false;
      }
  
      cur_icd_group_count = 0;
      icd_term = inst->icd_terms;
      for (uint32_t icd_idx = 0; NULL != icd_term; icd_term = icd_term->next, icd_idx++) {
          uint32_t count_this_time = total_count - cur_icd_group_count;
  
          // Get the function pointer to use to call into the ICD. This could be the core or KHR version
          if (inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_device_group_creation) {
              fpEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups = icd_term->dispatch.EnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroupsKHR;
          } else {
              fpEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups = icd_term->dispatch.EnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups;
          }
  
          if (NULL == fpEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups) {
              VkPhysicalDevice* phys_dev_array = loader_stack_alloc(sizeof(VkPhysicalDevice) * count_this_time);
              if (NULL == phys_dev_array) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                      "setupLoaderTermPhysDevGroups:  Failed to allocate local "
                      "physical device array of size %d",
                      count_this_time);
                  res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                  goto out;
              }
  
              res = icd_term->dispatch.EnumeratePhysicalDevices(icd_term->instance, &count_this_time, phys_dev_array);
              if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                      "setupLoaderTermPhysDevGroups:  Failed during dispatch call of "
                      "\'EnumeratePhysicalDevices\' to ICD %d to get plain phys dev count.",
                      icd_idx);
                  goto out;
              }
  
              // Add each GPU as it's own group
              for (uint32_t indiv_gpu = 0; indiv_gpu < count_this_time; indiv_gpu++) {
                  local_phys_dev_groups[indiv_gpu + cur_icd_group_count].physicalDeviceCount = 1;
                  local_phys_dev_groups[indiv_gpu + cur_icd_group_count].physicalDevices[0] = phys_dev_array[indiv_gpu];
              }
  
          } else {
              res = fpEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups(icd_term->instance, &count_this_time, &local_phys_dev_groups[cur_icd_group_count]);
              if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                      "setupLoaderTermPhysDevGroups:  Failed during dispatch call of "
                      "\'EnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups\' to ICD %d to get content.",
                      icd_idx);
                  goto out;
              }
          }
  
          cur_icd_group_count += count_this_time;
      }
  
      // Replace all the physical device IDs with the proper loader values
      for (uint32_t group = 0; group < total_count; group++) {
          for (uint32_t group_gpu = 0; group_gpu < local_phys_dev_groups[group].physicalDeviceCount; group_gpu++) {
              bool found = false;
              for (uint32_t term_gpu = 0; term_gpu < inst->phys_dev_count_term; term_gpu++) {
                  if (local_phys_dev_groups[group].physicalDevices[group_gpu] == inst->phys_devs_term[term_gpu]->phys_dev) {
                      local_phys_dev_groups[group].physicalDevices[group_gpu] = (VkPhysicalDevice)inst->phys_devs_term[term_gpu];
                      found = true;
                      break;
                  }
              }
              if (!found) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                      "setupLoaderTermPhysDevGroups:  Failed to find GPU %d in group %d"
                      " returned by \'EnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups\' in list returned"
                      " by \'EnumeratePhysicalDevices\'", group_gpu, group);
                  res = VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
                  goto out;
              }
          }
      }
  
      // Copy or create everything to fill the new array of physical device groups
      for (uint32_t new_idx = 0; new_idx < total_count; new_idx++) {
          // Check if this physical device group with the same contents is already in the old buffer
          for (uint32_t old_idx = 0; old_idx < inst->phys_dev_group_count_term; old_idx++) {
              if (local_phys_dev_groups[new_idx].physicalDeviceCount == inst->phys_dev_groups_term[old_idx]->physicalDeviceCount) {
                  bool found_all_gpus = true;
                  for (uint32_t old_gpu = 0; old_gpu < inst->phys_dev_groups_term[old_idx]->physicalDeviceCount; old_gpu++) {
                      bool found_gpu = false;
                      for (uint32_t new_gpu = 0; new_gpu < local_phys_dev_groups[new_idx].physicalDeviceCount; new_gpu++) {
                          if (local_phys_dev_groups[new_idx].physicalDevices[new_gpu] == inst->phys_dev_groups_term[old_idx]->physicalDevices[old_gpu]) {
                              found_gpu = true;
                              break;
                          }
                      }
  
                      if (!found_gpu) {
                          found_all_gpus = false;
                          break;
                      }
                  }
                  if (!found_all_gpus) {
                      continue;
                  } else {
                      new_phys_dev_groups[new_idx] = inst->phys_dev_groups_term[old_idx];
                      break;
                  }
              }
          }
  
          // If this physical device group isn't in the old buffer, create it
          if (NULL == new_phys_dev_groups[new_idx]) {
              new_phys_dev_groups[new_idx] = (VkPhysicalDeviceGroupPropertiesKHR *)loader_instance_heap_alloc(
                  inst, sizeof(VkPhysicalDeviceGroupPropertiesKHR), VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE);
              if (NULL == new_phys_dev_groups[new_idx]) {
                  loader_log(inst, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                      "setupLoaderTermPhysDevGroups:  Failed to allocate "
                      "physical device group Terminator object %d",
                      new_idx);
                  total_count = new_idx;
                  res = VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY;
                  goto out;
              }
              memcpy(new_phys_dev_groups[new_idx], &local_phys_dev_groups[new_idx],
                  sizeof(VkPhysicalDeviceGroupPropertiesKHR));
          }
      }
  
  out:
  
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          if (NULL != new_phys_dev_groups) {
              for (uint32_t i = 0; i < total_count; i++) {
                  loader_instance_heap_free(inst, new_phys_dev_groups[i]);
              }
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, new_phys_dev_groups);
          }
          total_count = 0;
      } else {
          // Free everything that didn't carry over to the new array of
          // physical device groups
          if (NULL != inst->phys_dev_groups_term) {
              for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inst->phys_dev_group_count_term; i++) {
                  bool found = false;
                  for (uint32_t j = 0; j < total_count; j++) {
                      if (inst->phys_dev_groups_term[i] == new_phys_dev_groups[j]) {
                          found = true;
                          break;
                      }
                  }
                  if (!found) {
                      loader_instance_heap_free(inst, inst->phys_dev_groups_term[i]);
                  }
              }
              loader_instance_heap_free(inst, inst->phys_dev_groups_term);
          }
  
          // Swap in the new physical device group list
          inst->phys_dev_group_count_term = total_count;
          inst->phys_dev_groups_term = new_phys_dev_groups;
      }
  
      return res;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL terminator_EnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups(
      VkInstance instance, uint32_t *pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount,
      VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties *pPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties) {
      struct loader_instance *inst = (struct loader_instance *)instance;
      VkResult res = VK_SUCCESS;
  
      // Always call the setup loader terminator physical device groups because they may
      // have changed at any point.
      res = setupLoaderTermPhysDevGroups(inst);
      if (VK_SUCCESS != res) {
          goto out;
      }
  
      uint32_t copy_count = inst->phys_dev_group_count_term;
      if (NULL != pPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties) {
          if (copy_count > *pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount) {
              copy_count = *pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount;
              res = VK_INCOMPLETE;
          }
  
          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < copy_count; i++) {
              memcpy(&pPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties[i], inst->phys_dev_groups_term[i],
                     sizeof(VkPhysicalDeviceGroupPropertiesKHR));
          }
      }
  
      *pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount = copy_count;
  
  out:
  
      return res;
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
                                                                      VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 *pFeatures) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      const struct loader_instance *inst = icd_term->this_instance;
  
      // Get the function pointer to use to call into the ICD. This could be the core or KHR version
      PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 fpGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 = NULL;
      if (inst != NULL && inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR;
      } else {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2;
      }
  
      if (fpGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 != NULL || !inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          // Pass the call to the driver
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pFeatures);
      } else {
          // Emulate the call
          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2: Emulating call in ICD \"%s\" using vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures",
                     icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
  
          // Write to the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 struct
          icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, &pFeatures->features);
  
          const VkBaseInStructure *pNext = pFeatures->pNext;
          while (pNext != NULL) {
              switch (pNext->sType) {
                  case VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_FEATURES: {
                      // Skip the check if VK_KHR_multiview is enabled because it's a device extension
                      // Write to the VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeaturesKHR struct
                      VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeaturesKHR *multiview_features = (VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeaturesKHR *)pNext;
                      multiview_features->multiview = VK_FALSE;
                      multiview_features->multiviewGeometryShader = VK_FALSE;
                      multiview_features->multiviewTessellationShader = VK_FALSE;
  
                      pNext = multiview_features->pNext;
                      break;
                  }
                  default: {
                      loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in pFeatures->pNext - "
                                 "this struct will be ignored");
  
                      pNext = pNext->pNext;
                      break;
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
                                                                        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 *pProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      const struct loader_instance *inst = icd_term->this_instance;
  
      // Get the function pointer to use to call into the ICD. This could be the core or KHR version
      PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2 fpGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2 = NULL;
      if (inst != NULL && inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR;
      } else {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2;
      }
  
      if (fpGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2 != NULL || !inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          // Pass the call to the driver
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pProperties);
      } else {
          // Emulate the call
          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2: Emulating call in ICD \"%s\" using vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties",
                     icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
  
          // Write to the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 struct
          icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, &pProperties->properties);
  
          const VkBaseInStructure *pNext = pProperties->pNext;
          while (pNext != NULL) {
              switch (pNext->sType) {
                  case VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_ID_PROPERTIES: {
                      VkPhysicalDeviceIDPropertiesKHR *id_properties = (VkPhysicalDeviceIDPropertiesKHR *)pNext;
  
                      // Verify that "VK_KHR_external_memory_capabilities" is enabled
                      if (icd_term->this_instance->enabled_known_extensions.khr_external_memory_capabilities) {
                          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2: Emulation cannot generate unique IDs for struct "
                                     "VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties - setting IDs to zero instead");
  
                          // Write to the VkPhysicalDeviceIDPropertiesKHR struct
                          memset(id_properties->deviceUUID, 0, VK_UUID_SIZE);
                          memset(id_properties->driverUUID, 0, VK_UUID_SIZE);
                          id_properties->deviceLUIDValid = VK_FALSE;
                      }
  
                      pNext = id_properties->pNext;
                      break;
                  }
                  default: {
                      loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in "
                                 "pProperties->pNext - this struct will be ignored");
  
                      pNext = pNext->pNext;
                      break;
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkFormat format,
                                                                              VkFormatProperties2 *pFormatProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      const struct loader_instance *inst = icd_term->this_instance;
  
      // Get the function pointer to use to call into the ICD. This could be the core or KHR version
      PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2 fpGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2 = NULL;
      if (inst != NULL && inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2KHR;
      } else {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2;
      }
  
      if (fpGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2 != NULL || !inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          // Pass the call to the driver
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, format, pFormatProperties);
      } else {
          // Emulate the call
          loader_log(
              icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
              "vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2: Emulating call in ICD \"%s\" using vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties",
              icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
  
          // Write to the VkFormatProperties2 struct
          icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, format, &pFormatProperties->formatProperties);
  
          if (pFormatProperties->pNext != NULL) {
              loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in "
                         "pFormatProperties->pNext - this struct will be ignored");
          }
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2(
      VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, const VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2KHR *pImageFormatInfo,
      VkImageFormatProperties2KHR *pImageFormatProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      const struct loader_instance *inst = icd_term->this_instance;
  
      // Get the function pointer to use to call into the ICD. This could be the core or KHR version
      PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 fpGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 = NULL;
      if (inst != NULL && inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2KHR;
      } else {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2;
      }
  
      if (fpGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 != NULL || !inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          // Pass the call to the driver
          return fpGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pImageFormatInfo, pImageFormatProperties);
      } else {
          // Emulate the call
          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2: Emulating call in ICD \"%s\" using "
                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties",
                     icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
  
          // If there is more info in  either pNext, then this is unsupported
          if (pImageFormatInfo->pNext != NULL || pImageFormatProperties->pNext != NULL) {
              return VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
          }
  
          // Write to the VkImageFormatProperties2KHR struct
          return icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties(
              phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pImageFormatInfo->format, pImageFormatInfo->type, pImageFormatInfo->tiling,
              pImageFormatInfo->usage, pImageFormatInfo->flags, &pImageFormatProperties->imageFormatProperties);
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2(
      VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, uint32_t *pQueueFamilyPropertyCount, VkQueueFamilyProperties2KHR *pQueueFamilyProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      const struct loader_instance *inst = icd_term->this_instance;
  
      // Get the function pointer to use to call into the ICD. This could be the core or KHR version
      PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2 fpGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2 = NULL;
      if (inst != NULL && inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2KHR;
      } else {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2;
      }
  
      if (fpGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2 != NULL || !inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          // Pass the call to the driver
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pQueueFamilyPropertyCount, pQueueFamilyProperties);
      } else {
          // Emulate the call
          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2: Emulating call in ICD \"%s\" using "
                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties",
                     icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
  
          if (pQueueFamilyProperties == NULL || *pQueueFamilyPropertyCount == 0) {
              // Write to pQueueFamilyPropertyCount
              icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pQueueFamilyPropertyCount, NULL);
          } else {
              // Allocate a temporary array for the output of the old function
              VkQueueFamilyProperties *properties = loader_stack_alloc(*pQueueFamilyPropertyCount * sizeof(VkQueueFamilyProperties));
              if (properties == NULL) {
                  *pQueueFamilyPropertyCount = 0;
                  loader_log(
                      icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                      "vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2: Out of memory - Failed to allocate array for loader emulation.");
                  return;
              }
  
              icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pQueueFamilyPropertyCount,
                                                                        properties);
              for (uint32_t i = 0; i < *pQueueFamilyPropertyCount; ++i) {
                  // Write to the VkQueueFamilyProperties2KHR struct
                  memcpy(&pQueueFamilyProperties[i].queueFamilyProperties, &properties[i], sizeof(VkQueueFamilyProperties));
  
                  if (pQueueFamilyProperties[i].pNext != NULL) {
                      loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in "
                                 "pQueueFamilyProperties[%d].pNext - this struct will be ignored",
                                 i);
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2(
      VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 *pMemoryProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      const struct loader_instance *inst = icd_term->this_instance;
  
      // Get the function pointer to use to call into the ICD. This could be the core or KHR version
      PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 fpGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 = NULL;
      if (inst != NULL && inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2KHR;
      } else {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2;
      }
  
      if (fpGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 != NULL || !inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          // Pass the call to the driver
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pMemoryProperties);
      } else {
          // Emulate the call
          loader_log(
              icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
              "vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2: Emulating call in ICD \"%s\" using vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties",
              icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
  
          // Write to the VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 struct
          icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, &pMemoryProperties->memoryProperties);
  
          if (pMemoryProperties->pNext != NULL) {
              loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in "
                         "pMemoryProperties->pNext - this struct will be ignored");
          }
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2(
      VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, const VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2KHR *pFormatInfo, uint32_t *pPropertyCount,
      VkSparseImageFormatProperties2KHR *pProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      const struct loader_instance *inst = icd_term->this_instance;
  
      // Get the function pointer to use to call into the ICD. This could be the core or KHR version
      PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2 fpGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2 = NULL;
      if (inst != NULL && inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2KHR;
      } else {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2 = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2;
      }
  
      if (fpGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2 != NULL || !inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_get_physical_device_properties2) {
          // Pass the call to the driver
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pFormatInfo, pPropertyCount, pProperties);
      } else {
          // Emulate the call
          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2: Emulating call in ICD \"%s\" using "
                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties",
                     icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
  
          if (pFormatInfo->pNext != NULL) {
              loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in "
                         "pFormatInfo->pNext - this struct will be ignored");
          }
  
          if (pProperties == NULL || *pPropertyCount == 0) {
              // Write to pPropertyCount
              icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties(
                  phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pFormatInfo->format, pFormatInfo->type, pFormatInfo->samples, pFormatInfo->usage,
                  pFormatInfo->tiling, pPropertyCount, NULL);
          } else {
              // Allocate a temporary array for the output of the old function
              VkSparseImageFormatProperties *properties =
                  loader_stack_alloc(*pPropertyCount * sizeof(VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements));
              if (properties == NULL) {
                  *pPropertyCount = 0;
                  loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT, 0,
                             "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2: Out of memory - Failed to allocate array for "
                             "loader emulation.");
                  return;
              }
  
              icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties(
                  phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pFormatInfo->format, pFormatInfo->type, pFormatInfo->samples, pFormatInfo->usage,
                  pFormatInfo->tiling, pPropertyCount, properties);
              for (uint32_t i = 0; i < *pPropertyCount; ++i) {
                  // Write to the VkSparseImageFormatProperties2KHR struct
                  memcpy(&pProperties[i].properties, &properties[i], sizeof(VkSparseImageFormatProperties));
  
                  if (pProperties[i].pNext != NULL) {
                      loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                                 "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in "
                                 "pProperties[%d].pNext - this struct will be ignored",
                                 i);
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties(
      VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, const VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo *pExternalBufferInfo,
      VkExternalBufferProperties *pExternalBufferProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      const struct loader_instance *inst = icd_term->this_instance;
  
      // Get the function pointer to use to call into the ICD. This could be the core or KHR version
      PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties = NULL;
      if (inst != NULL && inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_external_memory_capabilities) {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferPropertiesKHR;
      } else {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties;
      }
  
      if (fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties || !inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_external_memory_capabilities) {
          // Pass the call to the driver
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pExternalBufferInfo, pExternalBufferProperties);
      } else {
          // Emulate the call
          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties: Emulating call in ICD \"%s\"", icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
  
          if (pExternalBufferInfo->pNext != NULL) {
              loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in "
                         "pExternalBufferInfo->pNext - this struct will be ignored");
          }
  
          // Fill in everything being unsupported
          memset(&pExternalBufferProperties->externalMemoryProperties, 0, sizeof(VkExternalMemoryPropertiesKHR));
  
          if (pExternalBufferProperties->pNext != NULL) {
              loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in "
                         "pExternalBufferProperties->pNext - this struct will be ignored");
          }
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties(
      VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, const VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo *pExternalSemaphoreInfo,
      VkExternalSemaphoreProperties *pExternalSemaphoreProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      const struct loader_instance *inst = icd_term->this_instance;
  
      // Get the function pointer to use to call into the ICD. This could be the core or KHR version
      PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties = NULL;
      if (inst != NULL && inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_external_semaphore_capabilities) {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphorePropertiesKHR;
      } else {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties;
      }
  
      if (fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties != NULL || !inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_external_semaphore_capabilities) {
          // Pass the call to the driver
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pExternalSemaphoreInfo, pExternalSemaphoreProperties);
      } else {
          // Emulate the call
          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties: Emulating call in ICD \"%s\"",
                     icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
  
          if (pExternalSemaphoreInfo->pNext != NULL) {
              loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in "
                         "pExternalSemaphoreInfo->pNext - this struct will be ignored");
          }
  
          // Fill in everything being unsupported
          pExternalSemaphoreProperties->exportFromImportedHandleTypes = 0;
          pExternalSemaphoreProperties->compatibleHandleTypes = 0;
          pExternalSemaphoreProperties->externalSemaphoreFeatures = 0;
  
          if (pExternalSemaphoreProperties->pNext != NULL) {
              loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in "
                         "pExternalSemaphoreProperties->pNext - this struct will be ignored");
          }
      }
  }
  
  VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL terminator_GetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties(
      VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, const VkPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceInfo *pExternalFenceInfo,
      VkExternalFenceProperties *pExternalFenceProperties) {
      struct loader_physical_device_term *phys_dev_term = (struct loader_physical_device_term *)physicalDevice;
      struct loader_icd_term *icd_term = phys_dev_term->this_icd_term;
      const struct loader_instance *inst = icd_term->this_instance;
  
      // Get the function pointer to use to call into the ICD. This could be the core or KHR version
      PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties = NULL;
      if (inst != NULL && inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_external_fence_capabilities) {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceExternalFencePropertiesKHR;
      } else {
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties = icd_term->dispatch.GetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties;
      }
  
      if (fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties != NULL || !inst->enabled_known_extensions.khr_external_fence_capabilities) {
          // Pass the call to the driver
          fpGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties(phys_dev_term->phys_dev, pExternalFenceInfo, pExternalFenceProperties);
      } else {
          // Emulate the call
          loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT, 0,
                     "vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties: Emulating call in ICD \"%s\"", icd_term->scanned_icd->lib_name);
  
          if (pExternalFenceInfo->pNext != NULL) {
              loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in "
                         "pExternalFenceInfo->pNext - this struct will be ignored");
          }
  
          // Fill in everything being unsupported
          pExternalFenceProperties->exportFromImportedHandleTypes = 0;
          pExternalFenceProperties->compatibleHandleTypes = 0;
          pExternalFenceProperties->externalFenceFeatures = 0;
  
          if (pExternalFenceProperties->pNext != NULL) {
              loader_log(icd_term->this_instance, VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT, 0,
                         "vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties: Emulation found unrecognized structure type in "
                         "pExternalFenceProperties->pNext - this struct will be ignored");
          }
      }
  }
  