text: # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  import errno
  import inspect
  import io
  import json
  import logging
  import os
  import re
  import sys
  import tempfile
  import argparse
  from hashlib import sha1
  from random import Random
  from threading import Thread
  from typing import Text, Any, List, Optional, Tuple, Dict, Set
  
  import requests
  from numpy import all, array
  from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
  from requests.exceptions import InvalidURL
  from io import StringIO
  from urllib.parse import unquote
  
  from rasa_nlu import utils as nlu_utils
  
  logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  
  
  def configure_file_logging(loglevel, logfile):
      if logfile:
          fh = logging.FileHandler(logfile)
          fh.setLevel(loglevel)
          logging.getLogger('').addHandler(fh)
      logging.captureWarnings(True)
  
  
  def add_logging_option_arguments(parser):
      """Add options to an argument parser to configure logging levels."""
  
      # arguments for logging configuration
      parser.add_argument(
          '-v', '--verbose',
          help="Be verbose. Sets logging level to INFO",
          action="store_const",
          dest="loglevel",
          const=logging.INFO,
          default=logging.INFO,
      )
      parser.add_argument(
          '-vv', '--debug',
          help="Print lots of debugging statements. "
               "Sets logging level to DEBUG",
          action="store_const",
          dest="loglevel",
          const=logging.DEBUG,
      )
      parser.add_argument(
          '--quiet',
          help="Be quiet! Sets logging level to WARNING",
          action="store_const",
          dest="loglevel",
          const=logging.WARNING,
      )
  
  
  # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
  def class_from_module_path(module_path: Text) -> Any:
      """Given the module name and path of a class, tries to retrieve the class.
  
      The loaded class can be used to instantiate new objects. """
      import importlib
  
      # load the module, will raise ImportError if module cannot be loaded
      from rasa_core.policies.keras_policy import KerasPolicy
      from rasa_core.policies.fallback import FallbackPolicy
      from rasa_core.policies.memoization import (
          MemoizationPolicy,
          AugmentedMemoizationPolicy)
      from rasa_core.policies.embedding_policy import EmbeddingPolicy
      from rasa_core.policies.form_policy import FormPolicy
      from rasa_core.policies.sklearn_policy import SklearnPolicy
  
      from rasa_core.featurizers import (
          FullDialogueTrackerFeaturizer,
          MaxHistoryTrackerFeaturizer,
          BinarySingleStateFeaturizer,
          LabelTokenizerSingleStateFeaturizer)
      if "." in module_path:
          module_name, _, class_name = module_path.rpartition('.')
          m = importlib.import_module(module_name)
          # get the class, will raise AttributeError if class cannot be found
          return getattr(m, class_name)
      else:
          return globals().get(module_path, locals().get(module_path))
  
  
  def module_path_from_instance(inst: Any) -> Text:
      """Return the module path of an instances class."""
      return inst.__module__ + "." + inst.__class__.__name__
  
  
  def dump_obj_as_json_to_file(filename: Text, obj: Any) -> None:
      """Dump an object as a json string to a file."""
  
      dump_obj_as_str_to_file(filename, json.dumps(obj, indent=2))
  
  
  def dump_obj_as_str_to_file(filename: Text, text: Text) -> None:
      """Dump a text to a file."""
  
      with io.open(filename, 'w', encoding="utf-8") as f:
          # noinspection PyTypeChecker
          f.write(str(text))
  
  
  def subsample_array(arr: List[Any],
                      max_values: int,
                      can_modify_incoming_array: bool = True,
                      rand: Optional[Random] = None) -> List[Any]:
      """Shuffles the array and returns `max_values` number of elements."""
      import random
  
      if not can_modify_incoming_array:
          arr = arr[:]
      if rand is not None:
          rand.shuffle(arr)
      else:
          random.shuffle(arr)
      return arr[:max_values]
  
  
  def is_int(value: Any) -> bool:
      """Checks if a value is an integer.
  
      The type of the value is not important, it might be an int or a float."""
  
      # noinspection PyBroadException
      try:
          return value == int(value)
      except Exception:
          return False
  
  
  def lazyproperty(fn):
      """Allows to avoid recomputing a property over and over.
  
      Instead the result gets stored in a local var. Computation of the property
      will happen once, on the first call of the property. All succeeding calls
      will use the value stored in the private property."""
  
      attr_name = '_lazy_' + fn.__name__
  
      @property
      def _lazyprop(self):
          if not hasattr(self, attr_name):
              setattr(self, attr_name, fn(self))
          return getattr(self, attr_name)
  
      return _lazyprop
  
  
  def create_dir_for_file(file_path: Text) -> None:
      """Creates any missing parent directories of this files path."""
  
      try:
          os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(file_path))
      except OSError as e:
          # be happy if someone already created the path
          if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
              raise
  
  
  def one_hot(hot_idx, length, dtype=None):
      import numpy
      if hot_idx >= length:
          raise ValueError("Can't create one hot. Index '{}' is out "
                           "of range (length '{}')".format(hot_idx, length))
      r = numpy.zeros(length, dtype)
      r[hot_idx] = 1
      return r
  
  
  def str_range_list(start, end):
      return [str(e) for e in range(start, end)]
  
  
  def generate_id(prefix="", max_chars=None):
      import uuid
      gid = uuid.uuid4().hex
      if max_chars:
          gid = gid[:max_chars]
  
      return "{}{}".format(prefix, gid)
  
  
  def configure_colored_logging(loglevel):
      import coloredlogs
      field_styles = coloredlogs.DEFAULT_FIELD_STYLES.copy()
      field_styles['asctime'] = {}
      level_styles = coloredlogs.DEFAULT_LEVEL_STYLES.copy()
      level_styles['debug'] = {}
      coloredlogs.install(
          level=loglevel,
          use_chroot=False,
          fmt='%(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(name)s  - %(message)s',
          level_styles=level_styles,
          field_styles=field_styles)
  
  
  def request_input(valid_values=None, prompt=None, max_suggested=3):
      def wrong_input_message():
          print("Invalid answer, only {}{} allowed\n".format(
              ", ".join(valid_values[:max_suggested]),
              ",..." if len(valid_values) > max_suggested else ""))
  
      while True:
          try:
              input_value = input(prompt) if prompt else input()
              if valid_values is not None and input_value not in valid_values:
                  wrong_input_message()
                  continue
          except ValueError:
              wrong_input_message()
              continue
          return input_value
  
  
  # noinspection PyPep8Naming
  class bcolors(object):
      HEADER = '\033[95m'
      OKBLUE = '\033[94m'
      OKGREEN = '\033[92m'
      WARNING = '\033[93m'
      FAIL = '\033[91m'
      ENDC = '\033[0m'
      BOLD = '\033[1m'
      UNDERLINE = '\033[4m'
  
  
  def wrap_with_color(text, color):
      return color + text + bcolors.ENDC
  
  
  def print_color(text, color):
      print(wrap_with_color(text, color))
  
  
  class HashableNDArray(object):
      """Hashable wrapper for ndarray objects.
  
      Instances of ndarray are not hashable, meaning they cannot be added to
      sets, nor used as keys in dictionaries. This is by design - ndarray
      objects are mutable, and therefore cannot reliably implement the
      __hash__() method.
  
      The hashable class allows a way around this limitation. It implements
      the required methods for hashable objects in terms of an encapsulated
      ndarray object. This can be either a copied instance (which is safer)
      or the original object (which requires the user to be careful enough
      not to modify it)."""
  
      def __init__(self, wrapped, tight=False):
          """Creates a new hashable object encapsulating an ndarray.
  
          wrapped
              The wrapped ndarray.
  
          tight
              Optional. If True, a copy of the input ndaray is created.
              Defaults to False.
          """
          self.__tight = tight
          self.__wrapped = array(wrapped) if tight else wrapped
          self.__hash = int(sha1(wrapped.view()).hexdigest(), 16)
  
      def __eq__(self, other):
          return all(self.__wrapped == other.__wrapped)
  
      def __hash__(self):
          return self.__hash
  
      def unwrap(self):
          """Returns the encapsulated ndarray.
  
          If the wrapper is "tight", a copy of the encapsulated ndarray is
          returned. Otherwise, the encapsulated ndarray itself is returned."""
  
          if self.__tight:
              return array(self.__wrapped)
  
          return self.__wrapped
  
  
  def replace_environment_variables():
      """Enable yaml loader to process the environment variables in the yaml."""
      import ruamel.yaml as yaml
      import re
      import os
  
      # eg. ${USER_NAME}, ${PASSWORD}
      env_var_pattern = re.compile(r'^(.*)\$\{(.*)\}(.*)$')
      yaml.add_implicit_resolver('!env_var', env_var_pattern)
  
      def env_var_constructor(loader, node):
          """Process environment variables found in the YAML."""
          value = loader.construct_scalar(node)
          prefix, env_var, remaining_path = env_var_pattern.match(value).groups()
          return prefix + os.environ[env_var] + remaining_path
  
      yaml.SafeConstructor.add_constructor(u'!env_var', env_var_constructor)
  
  
  def read_yaml_file(filename):
      """Read contents of `filename` interpreting them as yaml."""
      return read_yaml_string(read_file(filename))
  
  
  def read_yaml_string(string):
      replace_environment_variables()
      import ruamel.yaml
  
      yaml_parser = ruamel.yaml.YAML(typ="safe")
      yaml_parser.version = "1.1"
      yaml_parser.unicode_supplementary = True
  
      return yaml_parser.load(string)
  
  
  def _dump_yaml(obj, output):
      import ruamel.yaml
  
      yaml_writer = ruamel.yaml.YAML(pure=True, typ="safe")
      yaml_writer.unicode_supplementary = True
      yaml_writer.default_flow_style = False
      yaml_writer.version = "1.1"
  
      yaml_writer.dump(obj, output)
  
  
  def dump_obj_as_yaml_to_file(filename, obj):
      """Writes data (python dict) to the filename in yaml repr."""
      with io.open(filename, 'w', encoding="utf-8") as output:
          _dump_yaml(obj, output)
  
  
  def dump_obj_as_yaml_to_string(obj):
      """Writes data (python dict) to a yaml string."""
      str_io = StringIO()
      _dump_yaml(obj, str_io)
      return str_io.getvalue()
  
  
  def read_file(filename, encoding="utf-8"):
      """Read text from a file."""
      with io.open(filename, encoding=encoding) as f:
          return f.read()
  
  
  def read_json_file(filename):
      """Read json from a file"""
      with io.open(filename) as f:
          return json.load(f)
  
  
  def list_routes(app):
      """List all available routes of a flask web server."""
      from flask import url_for
  
      output = {}
      with app.test_request_context():
          for rule in app.url_map.iter_rules():
  
              options = {}
              for arg in rule.arguments:
                  options[arg] = "[{0}]".format(arg)
  
              methods = ', '.join(rule.methods)
  
              url = url_for(rule.endpoint, **options)
              line = unquote(
                  "{:50s} {:30s} {}".format(rule.endpoint, methods, url))
              output[url] = line
  
          url_table = "\n".join(output[url] for url in sorted(output))
          logger.debug("Available web server routes: \n{}".format(url_table))
  
      return output
  
  
  def zip_folder(folder):
      """Create an archive from a folder."""
      import shutil
  
      zipped_path = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
      zipped_path.close()
  
      # WARN: not thread save!
      return shutil.make_archive(zipped_path.name, str("zip"), folder)
  
  
  def cap_length(s, char_limit=20, append_ellipsis=True):
      """Makes sure the string doesn't exceed the passed char limit.
  
      Appends an ellipsis if the string is to long."""
  
      if len(s) > char_limit:
          if append_ellipsis:
              return s[:char_limit - 3] + "..."
          else:
              return s[:char_limit]
      else:
          return s
  
  
  def wait_for_threads(threads: List[Thread]) -> None:
      """Block until all child threads have been terminated."""
  
      while len(threads) > 0:
          try:
              # Join all threads using a timeout so it doesn't block
              # Filter out threads which have been joined or are None
              [t.join(1000) for t in threads]
              threads = [t for t in threads if t.isAlive()]
          except KeyboardInterrupt:
              logger.info("Ctrl-c received! Sending kill to threads...")
              # It would be better at this point to properly shutdown every
              # thread (e.g. by setting a flag on it) Unfortunately, there
              # are IO operations that are blocking without a timeout
              # (e.g. sys.read) so threads that are waiting for one of
              # these calls can't check the set flag. Hence, we go the easy
              # route for now
              sys.exit(0)
      logger.info("Finished waiting for input threads to terminate. "
                  "Stopping to serve forever.")
  
  
  def bool_arg(name: Text, default: bool = True) -> bool:
      """Return a passed boolean argument of the request or a default.
  
      Checks the `name` parameter of the request if it contains a valid
      boolean value. If not, `default` is returned."""
      from flask import request
  
      return request.args.get(name, str(default)).lower() == 'true'
  
  
  def float_arg(name: Text) -> Optional[float]:
      """Return a passed argument cast as a float or None.
  
      Checks the `name` parameter of the request if it contains a valid
      float value. If not, `None` is returned."""
      from flask import request
  
      arg = request.args.get(name)
      try:
          return float(arg)
      except TypeError:
          return None
  
  
  def extract_args(kwargs: Dict[Text, Any],
                   keys_to_extract: Set[Text]
                   ) -> Tuple[Dict[Text, Any], Dict[Text, Any]]:
      """Go through the kwargs and filter out the specified keys.
  
      Return both, the filtered kwargs as well as the remaining kwargs."""
  
      remaining = {}
      extracted = {}
      for k, v in kwargs.items():
          if k in keys_to_extract:
              extracted[k] = v
          else:
              remaining[k] = v
  
      return extracted, remaining
  
  
  def arguments_of(func):
      """Return the parameters of the function `func` as a list of names."""
  
      return list(inspect.signature(func).parameters.keys())
  
  
  def concat_url(base: Text, subpath: Optional[Text]) -> Text:
      """Append a subpath to a base url.
  
      Strips leading slashes from the subpath if necessary. This behaves
      differently than `urlparse.urljoin` and will not treat the subpath
      as a base url if it starts with `/` but will always append it to the
      `base`."""
  
      if subpath:
          url = base
          if not base.endswith("/"):
              url += "/"
          if subpath.startswith("/"):
              subpath = subpath[1:]
          return url + subpath
      else:
          return base
  
  
  def all_subclasses(cls: Any) -> List[Any]:
      """Returns all known (imported) subclasses of a class."""
  
      return cls.__subclasses__() + [g for s in cls.__subclasses__()
                                     for g in all_subclasses(s)]
  
  
  def read_endpoint_config(filename: Text,
                           endpoint_type: Text) -> Optional['EndpointConfig']:
      """Read an endpoint configuration file from disk and extract one config."""
  
      if not filename:
          return None
  
      content = read_yaml_file(filename)
      if endpoint_type in content:
          return EndpointConfig.from_dict(content[endpoint_type])
      else:
          return None
  
  
  def is_limit_reached(num_messages, limit):
      return limit is not None and num_messages >= limit
  
  
  def read_lines(filename, max_line_limit=None, line_pattern=".*"):
      """Read messages from the command line and print bot responses."""
  
      line_filter = re.compile(line_pattern)
  
      with io.open(filename, 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
          num_messages = 0
          for line in f:
              m = line_filter.match(line)
              if m is not None:
                  yield m.group(1 if m.lastindex else 0)
                  num_messages += 1
  
              if is_limit_reached(num_messages, max_line_limit):
                  break
  
  
  def download_file_from_url(url: Text) -> Text:
      """Download a story file from a url and persists it into a temp file.
  
      Returns the file path of the temp file that contains the
      downloaded content."""
  
      if not nlu_utils.is_url(url):
          raise InvalidURL(url)
  
      response = requests.get(url)
      response.raise_for_status()
      filename = nlu_utils.create_temporary_file(response.content,
                                                 mode="w+b")
  
      return filename
  
  
  def remove_none_values(obj):
      """Remove all keys that store a `None` value."""
      return {k: v for k, v in obj.items() if v is not None}
  
  
  def pad_list_to_size(_list, size, padding_value=None):
      """Pads _list with padding_value up to size"""
      return _list + [padding_value] * (size - len(_list))
  
  
  class AvailableEndpoints(object):
      """Collection of configured endpoints."""
  
      @classmethod
      def read_endpoints(cls, endpoint_file):
          nlg = read_endpoint_config(
              endpoint_file, endpoint_type="nlg")
          nlu = read_endpoint_config(
              endpoint_file, endpoint_type="nlu")
          action = read_endpoint_config(
              endpoint_file, endpoint_type="action_endpoint")
          model = read_endpoint_config(
              endpoint_file, endpoint_type="models")
          tracker_store = read_endpoint_config(
              endpoint_file, endpoint_type="tracker_store")
          event_broker = read_endpoint_config(
              endpoint_file, endpoint_type="event_broker")
  
          return cls(nlg, nlu, action, model, tracker_store, event_broker)
  
      def __init__(self,
                   nlg=None,
                   nlu=None,
                   action=None,
                   model=None,
                   tracker_store=None,
                   event_broker=None):
          self.model = model
          self.action = action
          self.nlu = nlu
          self.nlg = nlg
          self.tracker_store = tracker_store
          self.event_broker = event_broker
  
  
  class EndpointConfig(object):
      """Configuration for an external HTTP endpoint."""
  
      def __init__(self, url, params=None, headers=None, basic_auth=None,
                   token=None, token_name="token", **kwargs):
          self.url = url
          self.params = params if params else {}
          self.headers = headers if headers else {}
          self.basic_auth = basic_auth
          self.token = token
          self.token_name = token_name
          self.store_type = kwargs.pop('store_type', None)
          self.kwargs = kwargs
  
      def request(self,
                  method: Text = "post",
                  subpath: Optional[Text] = None,
                  content_type: Optional[Text] = "application/json",
                  **kwargs: Any
                  ) -> requests.Response:
          """Send a HTTP request to the endpoint.
  
          All additional arguments will get passed through
          to `requests.request`."""
  
          # create the appropriate headers
          headers = self.headers.copy()
          if content_type:
              headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
          if "headers" in kwargs:
              headers.update(kwargs["headers"])
              del kwargs["headers"]
  
          # create authentication parameters
          if self.basic_auth:
              auth = HTTPBasicAuth(self.basic_auth["username"],
                                   self.basic_auth["password"])
          else:
              auth = None
  
          url = concat_url(self.url, subpath)
  
          # construct GET parameters
          params = self.params.copy()
  
          # set the authentication token if present
          if self.token:
              params[self.token_name] = self.token
  
          if "params" in kwargs:
              params.update(kwargs["params"])
              del kwargs["params"]
  
          return requests.request(method,
                                  url,
                                  headers=headers,
                                  params=params,
                                  auth=auth,
                                  **kwargs)
  
      @classmethod
      def from_dict(cls, data):
          return EndpointConfig(**data)
  
      def __eq__(self, other):
          if isinstance(self, type(other)):
              return (other.url == self.url and
                      other.params == self.params and
                      other.headers == self.headers and
                      other.basic_auth == self.basic_auth and
                      other.token == self.token and
                      other.token_name == self.token_name)
          else:
              return False
  
      def __ne__(self, other):
          return not self.__eq__(other)
  
  
  # noinspection PyProtectedMember
  def set_default_subparser(parser,
                            default_subparser):
      """default subparser selection. Call after setup, just before parse_args()
  
      parser: the name of the parser you're making changes to
      default_subparser: the name of the subparser to call by default"""
      subparser_found = False
      for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
          if arg in ['-h', '--help']:  # global help if no subparser
              break
      else:
          for x in parser._subparsers._actions:
              if not isinstance(x, argparse._SubParsersAction):
                  continue
              for sp_name in x._name_parser_map.keys():
                  if sp_name in sys.argv[1:]:
                      subparser_found = True
          if not subparser_found:
              # insert default in first position before all other arguments
              sys.argv.insert(1, default_subparser)
  