text: (function(global, document) {
  
    // Popcorn.js does not support archaic browsers
    if ( !document.addEventListener ) {
      global.Popcorn = {
        isSupported: false
      };
  
      var methods = ( "byId forEach extend effects error guid sizeOf isArray nop position disable enable destroy" +
            "addTrackEvent removeTrackEvent getTrackEvents getTrackEvent getLastTrackEventId " +
            "timeUpdate plugin removePlugin compose effect xhr getJSONP getScript" ).split(/\s+/);
  
      while ( methods.length ) {
        global.Popcorn[ methods.shift() ] = function() {};
      }
      return;
    }
  
    var
  
    AP = Array.prototype,
    OP = Object.prototype,
  
    forEach = AP.forEach,
    slice = AP.slice,
    hasOwn = OP.hasOwnProperty,
    toString = OP.toString,
  
    // Copy global Popcorn (may not exist)
    _Popcorn = global.Popcorn,
  
    //  Ready fn cache
    readyStack = [],
    readyBound = false,
    readyFired = false,
  
    //  Non-public internal data object
    internal = {
      events: {
        hash: {},
        apis: {}
      }
    },
  
    //  Non-public `requestAnimFrame`
    //  http://paulirish.com/2011/requestanimationframe-for-smart-animating/
    requestAnimFrame = (function(){
      return global.requestAnimationFrame ||
        global.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
        global.mozRequestAnimationFrame ||
        global.oRequestAnimationFrame ||
        global.msRequestAnimationFrame ||
        function( callback, element ) {
          global.setTimeout( callback, 16 );
        };
    }()),
  
    //  Non-public `getKeys`, return an object's keys as an array
    getKeys = function( obj ) {
      return Object.keys ? Object.keys( obj ) : (function( obj ) {
        var item,
            list = [];
  
        for ( item in obj ) {
          if ( hasOwn.call( obj, item ) ) {
            list.push( item );
          }
        }
        return list;
      })( obj );
    },
  
    Abstract = {
      // [[Put]] props from dictionary onto |this|
      // MUST BE CALLED FROM WITHIN A CONSTRUCTOR:
      //  Abstract.put.call( this, dictionary );
      put: function( dictionary ) {
        // For each own property of src, let key be the property key
        // and desc be the property descriptor of the property.
        Object.getOwnPropertyNames( dictionary ).forEach(function( key ) {
          this[ key ] = dictionary[ key ];
        }, this);
      }
    },
  
  
    //  Declare constructor
    //  Returns an instance object.
    Popcorn = function( entity, options ) {
      //  Return new Popcorn object
      return new Popcorn.p.init( entity, options || null );
    };
  
    //  Popcorn API version, automatically inserted via build system.
    Popcorn.version = "@VERSION";
  
    //  Boolean flag allowing a client to determine if Popcorn can be supported
    Popcorn.isSupported = true;
  
    //  Instance caching
    Popcorn.instances = [];
  
    //  Declare a shortcut (Popcorn.p) to and a definition of
    //  the new prototype for our Popcorn constructor
    Popcorn.p = Popcorn.prototype = {
  
      init: function( entity, options ) {
  
        var matches, nodeName,
            self = this;
  
        //  Supports Popcorn(function () { /../ })
        //  Originally proposed by Daniel Brooks
  
        if ( typeof entity === "function" ) {
  
          //  If document ready has already fired
          if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {
  
            entity( document, Popcorn );
  
            return;
          }
          //  Add `entity` fn to ready stack
          readyStack.push( entity );
  
          //  This process should happen once per page load
          if ( !readyBound ) {
  
            //  set readyBound flag
            readyBound = true;
  
            var DOMContentLoaded  = function() {
  
              readyFired = true;
  
              //  Remove global DOM ready listener
              document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", DOMContentLoaded, false );
  
              //  Execute all ready function in the stack
              for ( var i = 0, readyStackLength = readyStack.length; i < readyStackLength; i++ ) {
  
                readyStack[ i ].call( document, Popcorn );
  
              }
              //  GC readyStack
              readyStack = null;
            };
  
            //  Register global DOM ready listener
            document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", DOMContentLoaded, false );
          }
  
          return;
        }
  
        if ( typeof entity === "string" ) {
          try {
            matches = document.querySelector( entity );
          } catch( e ) {
            throw new Error( "Popcorn.js Error: Invalid media element selector: " + entity );
          }
        }
  
        //  Get media element by id or object reference
        this.media = matches || entity;
  
        //  inner reference to this media element's nodeName string value
        nodeName = ( this.media.nodeName && this.media.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) || "video";
  
        //  Create an audio or video element property reference
        this[ nodeName ] = this.media;
  
        this.options = Popcorn.extend( {}, options ) || {};
  
        //  Resolve custom ID or default prefixed ID
        this.id = this.options.id || Popcorn.guid( nodeName );
  
        //  Throw if an attempt is made to use an ID that already exists
        if ( Popcorn.byId( this.id ) ) {
          throw new Error( "Popcorn.js Error: Cannot use duplicate ID (" + this.id + ")" );
        }
  
        this.isDestroyed = false;
  
        this.data = {
  
          // data structure of all
          running: {
            cue: []
          },
  
          // Executed by either timeupdate event or in rAF loop
          timeUpdate: Popcorn.nop,
  
          // Allows disabling a plugin per instance
          disabled: {},
  
          // Stores DOM event queues by type
          events: {},
  
          // Stores Special event hooks data
          hooks: {},
  
          // Store track event history data
          history: [],
  
          // Stores ad-hoc state related data]
          state: {
            volume: this.media.volume
          },
  
          // Store track event object references by trackId
          trackRefs: {},
  
          // Playback track event queues
          trackEvents: new TrackEvents( this )
        };
  
        //  Register new instance
        Popcorn.instances.push( this );
  
        //  function to fire when video is ready
        var isReady = function() {
  
          // chrome bug: http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=119598
          // it is possible the video's time is less than 0
          // this has the potential to call track events more than once, when they should not
          // start: 0, end: 1 will start, end, start again, when it should just start
          // just setting it to 0 if it is below 0 fixes this issue
          if ( self.media.currentTime < 0 ) {
  
            self.media.currentTime = 0;
          }
  
          self.media.removeEventListener( "loadedmetadata", isReady, false );
  
          var duration, videoDurationPlus,
              runningPlugins, runningPlugin, rpLength, rpNatives;
  
          //  Adding padding to the front and end of the arrays
          //  this is so we do not fall off either end
          duration = self.media.duration;
  
          //  Check for no duration info (NaN)
          videoDurationPlus = duration != duration ? Number.MAX_VALUE : duration + 1;
  
          Popcorn.addTrackEvent( self, {
            start: videoDurationPlus,
            end: videoDurationPlus
          });
  
          if ( !self.isDestroyed ) {
            self.data.durationChange = function() {
              var newDuration = self.media.duration,
                  newDurationPlus = newDuration + 1,
                  byStart = self.data.trackEvents.byStart,
                  byEnd = self.data.trackEvents.byEnd;
  
              // Remove old padding events
              byStart.pop();
              byEnd.pop();
  
              // Remove any internal tracking of events that have end times greater than duration
              // otherwise their end events will never be hit.
              for ( var k = byEnd.length - 1; k > 0; k-- ) {
                if ( byEnd[ k ].end > newDuration ) {
                  self.removeTrackEvent( byEnd[ k ]._id );
                }
              }
  
              // Remove any internal tracking of events that have end times greater than duration
              // otherwise their end events will never be hit.
              for ( var i = 0; i < byStart.length; i++ ) {
                if ( byStart[ i ].end > newDuration ) {
                  self.removeTrackEvent( byStart[ i ]._id );
                }
              }
  
              // References to byEnd/byStart are reset, so accessing it this way is
              // forced upon us.
              self.data.trackEvents.byEnd.push({
                start: newDurationPlus,
                end: newDurationPlus
              });
  
              self.data.trackEvents.byStart.push({
                start: newDurationPlus,
                end: newDurationPlus
              });
            };
  
            // Listen for duration changes and adjust internal tracking of event timings
            self.media.addEventListener( "durationchange", self.data.durationChange, false );
          }
  
          if ( self.options.frameAnimation ) {
  
            //  if Popcorn is created with frameAnimation option set to true,
            //  requestAnimFrame is used instead of "timeupdate" media event.
            //  This is for greater frame time accuracy, theoretically up to
            //  60 frames per second as opposed to ~4 ( ~every 15-250ms)
            self.data.timeUpdate = function () {
  
              Popcorn.timeUpdate( self, {} );
  
              // fire frame for each enabled active plugin of every type
              Popcorn.forEach( Popcorn.manifest, function( key, val ) {
  
                runningPlugins = self.data.running[ val ];
  
                // ensure there are running plugins on this type on this instance
                if ( runningPlugins ) {
  
                  rpLength = runningPlugins.length;
                  for ( var i = 0; i < rpLength; i++ ) {
  
                    runningPlugin = runningPlugins[ i ];
                    rpNatives = runningPlugin._natives;
                    rpNatives && rpNatives.frame &&
                      rpNatives.frame.call( self, {}, runningPlugin, self.currentTime() );
                  }
                }
              });
  
              self.emit( "timeupdate" );
  
              !self.isDestroyed && requestAnimFrame( self.data.timeUpdate );
            };
  
            !self.isDestroyed && requestAnimFrame( self.data.timeUpdate );
  
          } else {
  
            self.data.timeUpdate = function( event ) {
              Popcorn.timeUpdate( self, event );
            };
  
            if ( !self.isDestroyed ) {
              self.media.addEventListener( "timeupdate", self.data.timeUpdate, false );
            }
          }
        };
  
        Object.defineProperty( this, "error", {
          get: function() {
  
            return self.media.error;
          }
        });
  
        // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/#dom-media-readystate
        //
        // If media is in readyState (rS) >= 1, we know the media's duration,
        // which is required before running the isReady function.
        // If rS is 0, attach a listener for "loadedmetadata",
        // ( Which indicates that the media has moved from rS 0 to 1 )
        //
        // This has been changed from a check for rS 2 because
        // in certain conditions, Firefox can enter this code after dropping
        // to rS 1 from a higher state such as 2 or 3. This caused a "loadeddata"
        // listener to be attached to the media object, an event that had
        // already triggered and would not trigger again. This left Popcorn with an
        // instance that could never start a timeUpdate loop.
        if ( self.media.readyState >= 1 ) {
  
          isReady();
        } else {
  
          self.media.addEventListener( "loadedmetadata", isReady, false );
        }
  
        return this;
      }
    };
  
    //  Extend constructor prototype to instance prototype
    //  Allows chaining methods to instances
    Popcorn.p.init.prototype = Popcorn.p;
  
    Popcorn.byId = function( str ) {
      var instances = Popcorn.instances,
          length = instances.length,
          i = 0;
  
      for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
        if ( instances[ i ].id === str ) {
          return instances[ i ];
        }
      }
  
      return null;
    };
  
    Popcorn.forEach = function( obj, fn, context ) {
  
      if ( !obj || !fn ) {
        return {};
      }
  
      context = context || this;
  
      var key, len;
  
      // Use native whenever possible
      if ( forEach && obj.forEach === forEach ) {
        return obj.forEach( fn, context );
      }
  
      if ( toString.call( obj ) === "[object NodeList]" ) {
        for ( key = 0, len = obj.length; key < len; key++ ) {
          fn.call( context, obj[ key ], key, obj );
        }
        return obj;
      }
  
      for ( key in obj ) {
        if ( hasOwn.call( obj, key ) ) {
          fn.call( context, obj[ key ], key, obj );
        }
      }
      return obj;
    };
  
    Popcorn.extend = function( obj ) {
      var dest = obj, src = slice.call( arguments, 1 );
  
      Popcorn.forEach( src, function( copy ) {
        for ( var prop in copy ) {
          dest[ prop ] = copy[ prop ];
        }
      });
  
      return dest;
    };
  
  
    // A Few reusable utils, memoized onto Popcorn
    Popcorn.extend( Popcorn, {
      noConflict: function( deep ) {
  
        if ( deep ) {
          global.Popcorn = _Popcorn;
        }
  
        return Popcorn;
      },
      error: function( msg ) {
        throw new Error( msg );
      },
      guid: function( prefix ) {
        Popcorn.guid.counter++;
        return  ( prefix ? prefix : "" ) + ( +new Date() + Popcorn.guid.counter );
      },
      sizeOf: function( obj ) {
        var size = 0;
  
        for ( var prop in obj ) {
          size++;
        }
  
        return size;
      },
      isArray: Array.isArray || function( array ) {
        return toString.call( array ) === "[object Array]";
      },
  
      nop: function() {},
  
      position: function( elem ) {
  
        if ( !elem.parentNode ) {
          return null;
        }
  
        var clientRect = elem.getBoundingClientRect(),
            bounds = {},
            doc = elem.ownerDocument,
            docElem = document.documentElement,
            body = document.body,
            clientTop, clientLeft, scrollTop, scrollLeft, top, left;
  
        //  Determine correct clientTop/Left
        clientTop = docElem.clientTop || body.clientTop || 0;
        clientLeft = docElem.clientLeft || body.clientLeft || 0;
  
        //  Determine correct scrollTop/Left
        scrollTop = ( global.pageYOffset && docElem.scrollTop || body.scrollTop );
        scrollLeft = ( global.pageXOffset && docElem.scrollLeft || body.scrollLeft );
  
        //  Temp top/left
        top = Math.ceil( clientRect.top + scrollTop - clientTop );
        left = Math.ceil( clientRect.left + scrollLeft - clientLeft );
  
        for ( var p in clientRect ) {
          bounds[ p ] = Math.round( clientRect[ p ] );
        }
  
        return Popcorn.extend({}, bounds, { top: top, left: left });
      },
  
      disable: function( instance, plugin ) {
  
        if ( instance.data.disabled[ plugin ] ) {
          return;
        }
  
        instance.data.disabled[ plugin ] = true;
  
        if ( plugin in Popcorn.registryByName &&
             instance.data.running[ plugin ] ) {
  
          for ( var i = instance.data.running[ plugin ].length - 1, event; i >= 0; i-- ) {
  
            event = instance.data.running[ plugin ][ i ];
            event._natives.end.call( instance, null, event  );
  
            instance.emit( "trackend",
              Popcorn.extend({}, event, {
                plugin: event.type,
                type: "trackend"
              })
            );
          }
        }
  
        return instance;
      },
      enable: function( instance, plugin ) {
  
        if ( !instance.data.disabled[ plugin ] ) {
          return;
        }
  
        instance.data.disabled[ plugin ] = false;
  
        if ( plugin in Popcorn.registryByName &&
             instance.data.running[ plugin ] ) {
  
          for ( var i = instance.data.running[ plugin ].length - 1, event; i >= 0; i-- ) {
  
            event = instance.data.running[ plugin ][ i ];
            event._natives.start.call( instance, null, event  );
  
            instance.emit( "trackstart",
              Popcorn.extend({}, event, {
                plugin: event.type,
                type: "trackstart",
                track: event
              })
            );
          }
        }
  
        return instance;
      },
      destroy: function( instance ) {
        var events = instance.data.events,
            trackEvents = instance.data.trackEvents,
            singleEvent, item, fn, plugin;
  
        //  Iterate through all events and remove them
        for ( item in events ) {
          singleEvent = events[ item ];
          for ( fn in singleEvent ) {
            delete singleEvent[ fn ];
          }
          events[ item ] = null;
        }
  
        // remove all plugins off the given instance
        for ( plugin in Popcorn.registryByName ) {
          Popcorn.removePlugin( instance, plugin );
        }
  
        // Remove all data.trackEvents #1178
        trackEvents.byStart.length = 0;
        trackEvents.byEnd.length = 0;
  
        if ( !instance.isDestroyed ) {
          instance.data.timeUpdate && instance.media.removeEventListener( "timeupdate", instance.data.timeUpdate, false );
          instance.isDestroyed = true;
        }
  
        Popcorn.instances.splice( Popcorn.instances.indexOf( instance ), 1 );
      }
    });
  
    //  Memoized GUID Counter
    Popcorn.guid.counter = 1;
  
    //  Factory to implement getters, setters and controllers
    //  as Popcorn instance methods. The IIFE will create and return
    //  an object with defined methods
    Popcorn.extend(Popcorn.p, (function() {
  
        var methods = "load play pause currentTime playbackRate volume duration preload playbackRate " +
                      "autoplay loop controls muted buffered readyState seeking paused played seekable ended",
            ret = {};
  
  
        //  Build methods, store in object that is returned and passed to extend
        Popcorn.forEach( methods.split( /\s+/g ), function( name ) {
  
          ret[ name ] = function( arg ) {
            var previous;
  
            if ( typeof this.media[ name ] === "function" ) {
  
              // Support for shorthanded play(n)/pause(n) jump to currentTime
              // If arg is not null or undefined and called by one of the
              // allowed shorthandable methods, then set the currentTime
              // Supports time as seconds or SMPTE
              if ( arg != null && /play|pause/.test( name ) ) {
                this.media.currentTime = Popcorn.util.toSeconds( arg );
              }
  
              this.media[ name ]();
  
              return this;
            }
  
            if ( arg != null ) {
              // Capture the current value of the attribute property
              previous = this.media[ name ];
  
              // Set the attribute property with the new value
              this.media[ name ] = arg;
  
              // If the new value is not the same as the old value
              // emit an "attrchanged event"
              if ( previous !== arg ) {
                this.emit( "attrchange", {
                  attribute: name,
                  previousValue: previous,
                  currentValue: arg
                });
              }
              return this;
            }
  
            return this.media[ name ];
          };
        });
  
        return ret;
  
      })()
    );
  
    Popcorn.forEach( "enable disable".split(" "), function( method ) {
      Popcorn.p[ method ] = function( plugin ) {
        return Popcorn[ method ]( this, plugin );
      };
    });
  
    Popcorn.extend(Popcorn.p, {
  
      //  Rounded currentTime
      roundTime: function() {
        return Math.round( this.media.currentTime );
      },
  
      //  Attach an event to a single point in time
      exec: function( id, time, fn ) {
        var length = arguments.length,
            eventType = "trackadded",
            trackEvent, sec, options;
  
        // Check if first could possibly be a SMPTE string
        // p.cue( "smpte string", fn );
        // try/catch avoid awful throw in Popcorn.util.toSeconds
        // TODO: Get rid of that, replace with NaN return?
        try {
          sec = Popcorn.util.toSeconds( id );
        } catch ( e ) {}
  
        // If it can be converted into a number then
        // it's safe to assume that the string was SMPTE
        if ( typeof sec === "number" ) {
          id = sec;
        }
  
        // Shift arguments based on use case
        //
        // Back compat for:
        // p.cue( time, fn );
        if ( typeof id === "number" && length === 2 ) {
          fn = time;
          time = id;
          id = Popcorn.guid( "cue" );
        } else {
          // Support for new forms
  
          // p.cue( "empty-cue" );
          if ( length === 1 ) {
            // Set a time for an empty cue. It's not important what
            // the time actually is, because the cue is a no-op
            time = -1;
  
          } else {
  
            // Get the TrackEvent that matches the given id.
            trackEvent = this.getTrackEvent( id );
  
            if ( trackEvent ) {
  
              // remove existing cue so a new one can be added via trackEvents.add
              this.data.trackEvents.remove( id );
              TrackEvent.end( this, trackEvent );
              // Update track event references
              Popcorn.removeTrackEvent.ref( this, id );
  
              eventType = "cuechange";
  
              // p.cue( "my-id", 12 );
              // p.cue( "my-id", function() { ... });
              if ( typeof id === "string" && length === 2 ) {
  
                // p.cue( "my-id", 12 );
                // The path will update the cue time.
                if ( typeof time === "number" ) {
                  // Re-use existing TrackEvent start callback
                  fn = trackEvent._natives.start;
                }
  
                // p.cue( "my-id", function() { ... });
                // The path will update the cue function
                if ( typeof time === "function" ) {
                  fn = time;
                  // Re-use existing TrackEvent start time
                  time = trackEvent.start;
                }
              }
            } else {
  
              if ( length >= 2 ) {
  
                // p.cue( "a", "00:00:00");
                if ( typeof time === "string" ) {
                  try {
                    sec = Popcorn.util.toSeconds( time );
                  } catch ( e ) {}
  
                  time = sec;
                }
  
                // p.cue( "b", 11 );
                // p.cue( "b", 11, function() {} );
                if ( typeof time === "number" ) {
                  fn = fn || Popcorn.nop();
                }
  
                // p.cue( "c", function() {});
                if ( typeof time === "function" ) {
                  fn = time;
                  time = -1;
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
  
        options = {
          id: id,
          start: time,
          end: time + 1,
          _running: false,
          _natives: {
            start: fn || Popcorn.nop,
            end: Popcorn.nop,
            type: "cue"
          }
        };
  
        if ( trackEvent ) {
          options = Popcorn.extend( trackEvent, options );
        }
  
        if ( eventType === "cuechange" ) {
  
          //  Supports user defined track event id
          options._id = options.id || options._id || Popcorn.guid( options._natives.type );
  
          this.data.trackEvents.add( options );
          TrackEvent.start( this, options );
  
          this.timeUpdate( this, null, true );
  
          // Store references to user added trackevents in ref table
          Popcorn.addTrackEvent.ref( this, options );
  
          this.emit( eventType, Popcorn.extend({}, options, {
            id: id,
            type: eventType,
            previousValue: {
              time: trackEvent.start,
              fn: trackEvent._natives.start
            },
            currentValue: {
              time: time,
              fn: fn || Popcorn.nop
            },
            track: trackEvent
          }));
        } else {
          //  Creating a one second track event with an empty end
          Popcorn.addTrackEvent( this, options );
        }
  
        return this;
      },
  
      // Mute the calling media, optionally toggle
      mute: function( toggle ) {
  
        var event = toggle == null || toggle === true ? "muted" : "unmuted";
  
        // If `toggle` is explicitly `false`,
        // unmute the media and restore the volume level
        if ( event === "unmuted" ) {
          this.media.muted = false;
          this.media.volume = this.data.state.volume;
        }
  
        // If `toggle` is either null or undefined,
        // save the current volume and mute the media element
        if ( event === "muted" ) {
          this.data.state.volume = this.media.volume;
          this.media.muted = true;
        }
  
        // Trigger either muted|unmuted event
        this.emit( event );
  
        return this;
      },
  
      // Convenience method, unmute the calling media
      unmute: function( toggle ) {
  
        return this.mute( toggle == null ? false : !toggle );
      },
  
      // Get the client bounding box of an instance element
      position: function() {
        return Popcorn.position( this.media );
      },
  
      // Toggle a plugin's playback behaviour (on or off) per instance
      toggle: function( plugin ) {
        return Popcorn[ this.data.disabled[ plugin ] ? "enable" : "disable" ]( this, plugin );
      },
  
      // Set default values for plugin options objects per instance
      defaults: function( plugin, defaults ) {
  
        // If an array of default configurations is provided,
        // iterate and apply each to this instance
        if ( Popcorn.isArray( plugin ) ) {
  
          Popcorn.forEach( plugin, function( obj ) {
            for ( var name in obj ) {
              this.defaults( name, obj[ name ] );
            }
          }, this );
  
          return this;
        }
  
        if ( !this.options.defaults ) {
          this.options.defaults = {};
        }
  
        if ( !this.options.defaults[ plugin ] ) {
          this.options.defaults[ plugin ] = {};
        }
  
        Popcorn.extend( this.options.defaults[ plugin ], defaults );
  
        return this;
      }
    });
  
    Popcorn.Events  = {
      UIEvents: "blur focus focusin focusout load resize scroll unload",
      MouseEvents: "mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave click dblclick",
      Events: "loadstart progress suspend emptied stalled play pause error " +
              "loadedmetadata loadeddata waiting playing canplay canplaythrough " +
              "seeking seeked timeupdate ended ratechange durationchange volumechange"
    };
  
    Popcorn.Events.Natives = Popcorn.Events.UIEvents + " " +
                             Popcorn.Events.MouseEvents + " " +
                             Popcorn.Events.Events;
  
    internal.events.apiTypes = [ "UIEvents", "MouseEvents", "Events" ];
  
    // Privately compile events table at load time
    (function( events, data ) {
  
      var apis = internal.events.apiTypes,
      eventsList = events.Natives.split( /\s+/g ),
      idx = 0, len = eventsList.length, prop;
  
      for( ; idx < len; idx++ ) {
        data.hash[ eventsList[idx] ] = true;
      }
  
      apis.forEach(function( val, idx ) {
  
        data.apis[ val ] = {};
  
        var apiEvents = events[ val ].split( /\s+/g ),
        len = apiEvents.length,
        k = 0;
  
        for ( ; k < len; k++ ) {
          data.apis[ val ][ apiEvents[ k ] ] = true;
        }
      });
    })( Popcorn.Events, internal.events );
  
    Popcorn.events = {
  
      isNative: function( type ) {
        return !!internal.events.hash[ type ];
      },
      getInterface: function( type ) {
  
        if ( !Popcorn.events.isNative( type ) ) {
          return false;
        }
  
        var eventApi = internal.events,
          apis = eventApi.apiTypes,
          apihash = eventApi.apis,
          idx = 0, len = apis.length, api, tmp;
  
        for ( ; idx < len; idx++ ) {
          tmp = apis[ idx ];
  
          if ( apihash[ tmp ][ type ] ) {
            api = tmp;
            break;
          }
        }
        return api;
      },
      //  Compile all native events to single array
      all: Popcorn.Events.Natives.split( /\s+/g ),
      //  Defines all Event handling static functions
      fn: {
        trigger: function( type, data ) {
          var eventInterface, evt, clonedEvents,
              events = this.data.events[ type ];
  
          //  setup checks for custom event system
          if ( events ) {
            eventInterface  = Popcorn.events.getInterface( type );
  
            if ( eventInterface ) {
              evt = document.createEvent( eventInterface );
              evt.initEvent( type, true, true, global, 1 );
  
              this.media.dispatchEvent( evt );
  
              return this;
            }
  
            // clone events in case callbacks remove callbacks themselves
            clonedEvents = events.slice();
  
            // iterate through all callbacks
            while ( clonedEvents.length ) {
              clonedEvents.shift().call( this, data );
            }
          }
  
          return this;
        },
        listen: function( type, fn ) {
          var self = this,
              hasEvents = true,
              eventHook = Popcorn.events.hooks[ type ],
              origType = type,
              clonedEvents,
              tmp;
  
          if ( typeof fn !== "function" ) {
            throw new Error( "Popcorn.js Error: Listener is not a function" );
          }
  
          // Setup event registry entry
          if ( !this.data.events[ type ] ) {
            this.data.events[ type ] = [];
            // Toggle if the previous assumption was untrue
            hasEvents = false;
          }
  
          // Check and setup event hooks
          if ( eventHook ) {
            // Execute hook add method if defined
            if ( eventHook.add ) {
              eventHook.add.call( this, {}, fn );
            }
  
            // Reassign event type to our piggyback event type if defined
            if ( eventHook.bind ) {
              type = eventHook.bind;
            }
  
            // Reassign handler if defined
            if ( eventHook.handler ) {
              tmp = fn;
  
              fn = function wrapper( event ) {
                eventHook.handler.call( self, event, tmp );
              };
            }
  
            // assume the piggy back event is registered
            hasEvents = true;
  
            // Setup event registry entry
            if ( !this.data.events[ type ] ) {
              this.data.events[ type ] = [];
              // Toggle if the previous assumption was untrue
              hasEvents = false;
            }
          }
  
          //  Register event and handler
          this.data.events[ type ].push( fn );
  
          // only attach one event of any type
          if ( !hasEvents && Popcorn.events.all.indexOf( type ) > -1 ) {
            this.media.addEventListener( type, function( event ) {
              if ( self.data.events[ type ] ) {
                // clone events in case callbacks remove callbacks themselves
                clonedEvents = self.data.events[ type ].slice();
  
                // iterate through all callbacks
                while ( clonedEvents.length ) {
                  clonedEvents.shift().call( self, event );
                }
              }
            }, false );
          }
          return this;
        },
        unlisten: function( type, fn ) {
          var ind,
              events = this.data.events[ type ];
  
          if ( !events ) {
            return; // no listeners = nothing to do
          }
  
          if ( typeof fn === "string" ) {
            // legacy support for string-based removal -- not recommended
            for ( var i = 0; i < events.length; i++ ) {
              if ( events[ i ].name === fn ) {
                // decrement i because array length just got smaller
                events.splice( i--, 1 );
              }
            }
  
            return this;
          } else if ( typeof fn === "function" ) {
            while( ind !== -1 ) {
              ind = events.indexOf( fn );
              if ( ind !== -1 ) {
                events.splice( ind, 1 );
              }
            }
  
            return this;
          }
  
          // if we got to this point, we are deleting all functions of this type
          this.data.events[ type ] = null;
  
          return this;
        }
      },
      hooks: {
        canplayall: {
          bind: "canplaythrough",
          add: function( event, callback ) {
  
            var state = false;
  
            if ( this.media.readyState ) {
  
              // always call canplayall asynchronously
              setTimeout(function() {
                callback.call( this, event );
              }.bind(this), 0 );
  
              state = true;
            }
  
            this.data.hooks.canplayall = {
              fired: state
            };
          },
          // declare special handling instructions
          handler: function canplayall( event, callback ) {
  
            if ( !this.data.hooks.canplayall.fired ) {
              // trigger original user callback once
              callback.call( this, event );
  
              this.data.hooks.canplayall.fired = true;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    };
  
    //  Extend Popcorn.events.fns (listen, unlisten, trigger) to all Popcorn instances
    //  Extend aliases (on, off, emit)
    Popcorn.forEach( [ [ "trigger", "emit" ], [ "listen", "on" ], [ "unlisten", "off" ] ], function( key ) {
      Popcorn.p[ key[ 0 ] ] = Popcorn.p[ key[ 1 ] ] = Popcorn.events.fn[ key[ 0 ] ];
    });
  
    // Internal Only - construct simple "TrackEvent"
    // data type objects
    function TrackEvent( track ) {
      Abstract.put.call( this, track );
    }
  
    // Determine if a TrackEvent's "start" and "trackstart" must be called.
    TrackEvent.start = function( instance, track ) {
  
      if ( track.end > instance.media.currentTime &&
          track.start <= instance.media.currentTime && !track._running ) {
  
        track._running = true;
        instance.data.running[ track._natives.type ].push( track );
  
        if ( !instance.data.disabled[ track._natives.type ] ) {
  
          track._natives.start.call( instance, null, track );
  
          instance.emit( "trackstart",
            Popcorn.extend( {}, track, {
              plugin: track._natives.type,
              type: "trackstart",
              track: track
            })
          );
        }
      }
    };
  
    // Determine if a TrackEvent's "end" and "trackend" must be called.
    TrackEvent.end = function( instance, track ) {
  
      var runningPlugins;
  
      if ( ( track.end <= instance.media.currentTime ||
          track.start > instance.media.currentTime ) && track._running ) {
  
        runningPlugins = instance.data.running[ track._natives.type ];
  
        track._running = false;
        runningPlugins.splice( runningPlugins.indexOf( track ), 1 );
  
        if ( !instance.data.disabled[ track._natives.type ] ) {
  
          track._natives.end.call( instance, null, track );
  
          instance.emit( "trackend",
            Popcorn.extend( {}, track, {
              plugin: track._natives.type,
              type: "trackend",
              track: track
            })
          );
        }
      }
    };
  
    // Internal Only - construct "TrackEvents"
    // data type objects that are used by the Popcorn
    // instance, stored at p.data.trackEvents
    function TrackEvents( parent ) {
      this.parent = parent;
  
      this.byStart = [{
        start: -1,
        end: -1
      }];
  
      this.byEnd = [{
        start: -1,
        end: -1
      }];
      this.animating = [];
      this.startIndex = 0;
      this.endIndex = 0;
      this.previousUpdateTime = -1;
  
      Object.defineProperty( this, "count", {
        get: function() {
          return this.byStart.length;
        }
      });
    }
  
    function isMatch( obj, key, value ) {
      return obj[ key ] && obj[ key ] === value;
    }
  
    TrackEvents.prototype.where = function( params ) {
      return ( this.parent.getTrackEvents() || [] ).filter(function( event ) {
        var key, value;
  
        // If no explicit params, match all TrackEvents
        if ( !params ) {
          return true;
        }
  
        // Filter keys in params against both the top level properties
        // and the _natives properties
        for ( key in params ) {
          value = params[ key ];
          if ( isMatch( event, key, value ) || isMatch( event._natives, key, value ) ) {
            return true;
          }
        }
        return false;
      });
    };
  
    TrackEvents.prototype.add = function( track ) {
  
      //  Store this definition in an array sorted by times
      var byStart = this.byStart,
          byEnd = this.byEnd,
          startIndex, endIndex;
  
      //  Push track event ids into the history
      if ( track && track._id ) {
        this.parent.data.history.push( track._id );
      }
  
      track.start = Popcorn.util.toSeconds( track.start, this.parent.options.framerate );
      track.end   = Popcorn.util.toSeconds( track.end, this.parent.options.framerate );
  
      for ( startIndex = byStart.length - 1; startIndex >= 0; startIndex-- ) {
  
        if ( track.start >= byStart[ startIndex ].start ) {
          byStart.splice( startIndex + 1, 0, track );
          break;
        }
      }
  
      for ( endIndex = byEnd.length - 1; endIndex >= 0; endIndex-- ) {
  
        if ( track.end > byEnd[ endIndex ].end ) {
          byEnd.splice( endIndex + 1, 0, track );
          break;
        }
      }
  
      // update startIndex and endIndex
      if ( startIndex <= this.parent.data.trackEvents.startIndex &&
        track.start <= this.parent.data.trackEvents.previousUpdateTime ) {
  
        this.parent.data.trackEvents.startIndex++;
      }
  
      if ( endIndex <= this.parent.data.trackEvents.endIndex &&
        track.end < this.parent.data.trackEvents.previousUpdateTime ) {
  
        this.parent.data.trackEvents.endIndex++;
      }
  
    };
  
    TrackEvents.prototype.remove = function( removeId, state ) {
  
      if ( removeId instanceof TrackEvent ) {
        removeId = removeId.id;
      }
  
      if ( typeof removeId === "object" ) {
        // Filter by key=val and remove all matching TrackEvents
        this.where( removeId ).forEach(function( event ) {
          // |this| refers to the calling Popcorn "parent" instance
          this.removeTrackEvent( event._id );
        }, this.parent );
  
        return this;
      }
  
      var start, end, animate, historyLen, track,
          length = this.byStart.length,
          index = 0,
          indexWasAt = 0,
          byStart = [],
          byEnd = [],
          animating = [],
          history = [],
          comparable = {};
  
      state = state || {};
  
      while ( --length > -1 ) {
        start = this.byStart[ index ];
        end = this.byEnd[ index ];
  
        // Padding events will not have _id properties.
        // These should be safely pushed onto the front and back of the
        // track event array
        if ( !start._id ) {
          byStart.push( start );
          byEnd.push( end );
        }
  
        // Filter for user track events (vs system track events)
        if ( start._id ) {
  
          // If not a matching start event for removal
          if ( start._id !== removeId ) {
            byStart.push( start );
          }
  
          // If not a matching end event for removal
          if ( end._id !== removeId ) {
            byEnd.push( end );
          }
  
          // If the _id is matched, capture the current index
          if ( start._id === removeId ) {
            indexWasAt = index;
  
            // cache the track event being removed
            track = start;
          }
        }
        // Increment the track index
        index++;
      }
  
      // Reset length to be used by the condition below to determine
      // if animating track events should also be filtered for removal.
      // Reset index below to be used by the reverse while as an
      // incrementing counter
      length = this.animating.length;
      index = 0;
  
      if ( length ) {
        while ( --length > -1 ) {
          animate = this.animating[ index ];
  
          // Padding events will not have _id properties.
          // These should be safely pushed onto the front and back of the
          // track event array
          if ( !animate._id ) {
            animating.push( animate );
          }
  
          // If not a matching animate event for removal
          if ( animate._id && animate._id !== removeId ) {
            animating.push( animate );
          }
          // Increment the track index
          index++;
        }
      }
  
      //  Update
      if ( indexWasAt <= this.startIndex ) {
        this.startIndex--;
      }
  
      if ( indexWasAt <= this.endIndex ) {
        this.endIndex--;
      }
  
      this.byStart = byStart;
      this.byEnd = byEnd;
      this.animating = animating;
  
      historyLen = this.parent.data.history.length;
  
      for ( var i = 0; i < historyLen; i++ ) {
        if ( this.parent.data.history[ i ] !== removeId ) {
          history.push( this.parent.data.history[ i ] );
        }
      }
  
      // Update ordered history array
      this.parent.data.history = history;
  
    };
  
    // Helper function used to retrieve old values of properties that
    // are provided for update.
    function getPreviousProperties( oldOptions, newOptions ) {
      var matchProps = {};
  
      for ( var prop in oldOptions ) {
        if ( hasOwn.call( newOptions, prop ) && hasOwn.call( oldOptions, prop ) ) {
          matchProps[ prop ] = oldOptions[ prop ];
        }
      }
  
      return matchProps;
    }
  
    // Internal Only - Adds track events to the instance object
    Popcorn.addTrackEvent = function( obj, track ) {
      var temp;
  
      if ( track instanceof TrackEvent ) {
        return;
      }
  
      track = new TrackEvent( track );
  
      // Determine if this track has default options set for it
      // If so, apply them to the track object
      if ( track && track._natives && track._natives.type &&
          ( obj.options.defaults && obj.options.defaults[ track._natives.type ] ) ) {
  
        // To ensure that the TrackEvent Invariant Policy is enforced,
        // First, copy the properties of the newly created track event event
        // to a temporary holder
        temp = Popcorn.extend( {}, track );
  
        // Next, copy the default onto the newly created trackevent, followed by the
        // temporary holder.
        Popcorn.extend( track, obj.options.defaults[ track._natives.type ], temp );
      }
  
      if ( track._natives ) {
        //  Supports user defined track event id
        track._id = track.id || track._id || Popcorn.guid( track._natives.type );
  
        // Trigger _setup method if exists
        if ( track._natives._setup ) {
  
          track._natives._setup.call( obj, track );
  
          obj.emit( "tracksetup", Popcorn.extend( {}, track, {
            plugin: track._natives.type,
            type: "tracksetup",
            track: track
          }));
        }
      }
  
      obj.data.trackEvents.add( track );
      TrackEvent.start( obj, track );
  
      this.timeUpdate( obj, null, true );
  
      // Store references to user added trackevents in ref table
      if ( track._id ) {
        Popcorn.addTrackEvent.ref( obj, track );
      }
  
      obj.emit( "trackadded", Popcorn.extend({}, track,
        track._natives ? { plugin: track._natives.type } : {}, {
          type: "trackadded",
          track: track
      }));
    };
  
    // Internal Only - Adds track event references to the instance object's trackRefs hash table
    Popcorn.addTrackEvent.ref = function( obj, track ) {
      obj.data.trackRefs[ track._id ] = track;
  
      return obj;
    };
  
    Popcorn.removeTrackEvent = function( obj, removeId ) {
      var track = obj.getTrackEvent( removeId );
  
      if ( !track ) {
        return;
      }
  
      // If a _teardown function was defined,
      // enforce for track event removals
      if ( track._natives._teardown ) {
        track._natives._teardown.call( obj, track );
      }
  
      obj.data.trackEvents.remove( removeId );
  
      // Update track event references
      Popcorn.removeTrackEvent.ref( obj, removeId );
  
      if ( track._natives ) {
  
        // Fire a trackremoved event
        obj.emit( "trackremoved", Popcorn.extend({}, track, {
          plugin: track._natives.type,
          type: "trackremoved",
          track: track
        }));
      }
    };
  
    // Internal Only - Removes track event references from instance object's trackRefs hash table
    Popcorn.removeTrackEvent.ref = function( obj, removeId ) {
      delete obj.data.trackRefs[ removeId ];
  
      return obj;
    };
  
    // Return an array of track events bound to this instance object
    Popcorn.getTrackEvents = function( obj ) {
  
      var trackevents = [],
        refs = obj.data.trackEvents.byStart,
        length = refs.length,
        idx = 0,
        ref;
  
      for ( ; idx < length; idx++ ) {
        ref = refs[ idx ];
        // Return only user attributed track event references
        if ( ref._id ) {
          trackevents.push( ref );
        }
      }
  
      return trackevents;
    };
  
    // Internal Only - Returns an instance object's trackRefs hash table
    Popcorn.getTrackEvents.ref = function( obj ) {
      return obj.data.trackRefs;
    };
  
    // Return a single track event bound to this instance object
    Popcorn.getTrackEvent = function( obj, trackId ) {
      return obj.data.trackRefs[ trackId ];
    };
  
    // Internal Only - Returns an instance object's track reference by track id
    Popcorn.getTrackEvent.ref = function( obj, trackId ) {
      return obj.data.trackRefs[ trackId ];
    };
  
    Popcorn.getLastTrackEventId = function( obj ) {
      return obj.data.history[ obj.data.history.length - 1 ];
    };
  
    Popcorn.timeUpdate = function( obj, event ) {
      var currentTime = obj.media.currentTime,
          previousTime = obj.data.trackEvents.previousUpdateTime,
          tracks = obj.data.trackEvents,
          end = tracks.endIndex,
          start = tracks.startIndex,
          byStartLen = tracks.byStart.length,
          byEndLen = tracks.byEnd.length,
          registryByName = Popcorn.registryByName,
          trackstart = "trackstart",
          trackend = "trackend",
  
          byEnd, byStart, byAnimate, natives, type, runningPlugins;
  
      //  Playbar advancing
      if ( previousTime <= currentTime ) {
  
        while ( tracks.byEnd[ end ] && tracks.byEnd[ end ].end <= currentTime ) {
  
          byEnd = tracks.byEnd[ end ];
          natives = byEnd._natives;
          type = natives && natives.type;
  
          //  If plugin does not exist on this instance, remove it
          if ( !natives ||
              ( !!registryByName[ type ] ||
                !!obj[ type ] ) ) {
  
            if ( byEnd._running === true ) {
  
              byEnd._running = false;
              runningPlugins = obj.data.running[ type ];
              runningPlugins.splice( runningPlugins.indexOf( byEnd ), 1 );
  
              if ( !obj.data.disabled[ type ] ) {
  
                natives.end.call( obj, event, byEnd );
  
                obj.emit( trackend,
                  Popcorn.extend({}, byEnd, {
                    plugin: type,
                    type: trackend,
                    track: byEnd
                  })
                );
              }
            }
  
            end++;
          } else {
            // remove track event
            Popcorn.removeTrackEvent( obj, byEnd._id );
            return;
          }
        }
  
        while ( tracks.byStart[ start ] && tracks.byStart[ start ].start <= currentTime ) {
  
          byStart = tracks.byStart[ start ];
          natives = byStart._natives;
          type = natives && natives.type;
          //  If plugin does not exist on this instance, remove it
          if ( !natives ||
              ( !!registryByName[ type ] ||
                !!obj[ type ] ) ) {
            if ( byStart.end > currentTime &&
                  byStart._running === false ) {
  
              byStart._running = true;
              obj.data.running[ type ].push( byStart );
  
              if ( !obj.data.disabled[ type ] ) {
  
                natives.start.call( obj, event, byStart );
  
                obj.emit( trackstart,
                  Popcorn.extend({}, byStart, {
                    plugin: type,
                    type: trackstart,
                    track: byStart
                  })
                );
              }
            }
            start++;
          } else {
            // remove track event
            Popcorn.removeTrackEvent( obj, byStart._id );
            return;
          }
        }
  
      // Playbar receding
      } else if ( previousTime > currentTime ) {
  
        while ( tracks.byStart[ start ] && tracks.byStart[ start ].start > currentTime ) {
  
          byStart = tracks.byStart[ start ];
          natives = byStart._natives;
          type = natives && natives.type;
  
          // if plugin does not exist on this instance, remove it
          if ( !natives ||
              ( !!registryByName[ type ] ||
                !!obj[ type ] ) ) {
  
            if ( byStart._running === true ) {
  
              byStart._running = false;
              runningPlugins = obj.data.running[ type ];
              runningPlugins.splice( runningPlugins.indexOf( byStart ), 1 );
  
              if ( !obj.data.disabled[ type ] ) {
  
                natives.end.call( obj, event, byStart );
  
                obj.emit( trackend,
                  Popcorn.extend({}, byStart, {
                    plugin: type,
                    type: trackend,
                    track: byStart
                  })
                );
              }
            }
            start--;
          } else {
            // remove track event
            Popcorn.removeTrackEvent( obj, byStart._id );
            return;
          }
        }
  
        while ( tracks.byEnd[ end ] && tracks.byEnd[ end ].end > currentTime ) {
  
          byEnd = tracks.byEnd[ end ];
          natives = byEnd._natives;
          type = natives && natives.type;
  
          // if plugin does not exist on this instance, remove it
          if ( !natives ||
              ( !!registryByName[ type ] ||
                !!obj[ type ] ) ) {
  
            if ( byEnd.start <= currentTime &&
                  byEnd._running === false ) {
  
              byEnd._running = true;
              obj.data.running[ type ].push( byEnd );
  
              if ( !obj.data.disabled[ type ] ) {
  
                natives.start.call( obj, event, byEnd );
  
                obj.emit( trackstart,
                  Popcorn.extend({}, byEnd, {
                    plugin: type,
                    type: trackstart,
                    track: byEnd
                  })
                );
              }
            }
            end--;
          } else {
            // remove track event
            Popcorn.removeTrackEvent( obj, byEnd._id );
            return;
          }
        }
      }
  
      tracks.endIndex = end;
      tracks.startIndex = start;
      tracks.previousUpdateTime = currentTime;
  
      //enforce index integrity if trackRemoved
      tracks.byStart.length < byStartLen && tracks.startIndex--;
      tracks.byEnd.length < byEndLen && tracks.endIndex--;
  
    };
  
    //  Map and Extend TrackEvent functions to all Popcorn instances
    Popcorn.extend( Popcorn.p, {
  
      getTrackEvents: function() {
        return Popcorn.getTrackEvents.call( null, this );
      },
  
      getTrackEvent: function( id ) {
        return Popcorn.getTrackEvent.call( null, this, id );
      },
  
      getLastTrackEventId: function() {
        return Popcorn.getLastTrackEventId.call( null, this );
      },
  
      removeTrackEvent: function( id ) {
  
        Popcorn.removeTrackEvent.call( null, this, id );
        return this;
      },
  
      removePlugin: function( name ) {
        Popcorn.removePlugin.call( null, this, name );
        return this;
      },
  
      timeUpdate: function( event ) {
        Popcorn.timeUpdate.call( null, this, event );
        return this;
      },
  
      destroy: function() {
        Popcorn.destroy.call( null, this );
        return this;
      }
    });
  
    //  Plugin manifests
    Popcorn.manifest = {};
    //  Plugins are registered
    Popcorn.registry = [];
    Popcorn.registryByName = {};
    //  An interface for extending Popcorn
    //  with plugin functionality
    Popcorn.plugin = function( name, definition, manifest ) {
  
      if ( Popcorn.protect.natives.indexOf( name.toLowerCase() ) >= 0 ) {
        Popcorn.error( "'" + name + "' is a protected function name" );
        return;
      }
  
      //  Provides some sugar, but ultimately extends
      //  the definition into Popcorn.p
      var isfn = typeof definition === "function",
          blacklist = [ "start", "end", "type", "manifest" ],
          methods = [ "_setup", "_teardown", "start", "end", "frame" ],
          plugin = {},
          setup;
  
      // combines calls of two function calls into one
      var combineFn = function( first, second ) {
  
        first = first || Popcorn.nop;
        second = second || Popcorn.nop;
  
        return function() {
          first.apply( this, arguments );
          second.apply( this, arguments );
        };
      };
  
      //  If `manifest` arg is undefined, check for manifest within the `definition` object
      //  If no `definition.manifest`, an empty object is a sufficient fallback
      Popcorn.manifest[ name ] = manifest = manifest || definition.manifest || {};
  
      // apply safe, and empty default functions
      methods.forEach(function( method ) {
        definition[ method ] = safeTry( definition[ method ] || Popcorn.nop, name );
      });
  
      var pluginFn = function( setup, options ) {
  
        if ( !options ) {
          return this;
        }
  
        // When the "ranges" property is set and its value is an array, short-circuit
        // the pluginFn definition to recall itself with an options object generated from
        // each range object in the ranges array. (eg. { start: 15, end: 16 } )
        if ( options.ranges && Popcorn.isArray(options.ranges) ) {
          Popcorn.forEach( options.ranges, function( range ) {
            // Create a fresh object, extend with current options
            // and start/end range object's properties
            // Works with in/out as well.
            var opts = Popcorn.extend( {}, options, range );
  
            // Remove the ranges property to prevent infinitely
            // entering this condition
            delete opts.ranges;
  
            // Call the plugin with the newly created opts object
            this[ name ]( opts );
          }, this);
  
          // Return the Popcorn instance to avoid creating an empty track event
          return this;
        }
  
        //  Storing the plugin natives
        var natives = options._natives = {},
            compose = "",
            originalOpts, manifestOpts;
  
        Popcorn.extend( natives, setup );
  
        options._natives.type = options._natives.plugin = name;
        options._running = false;
  
        natives.start = natives.start || natives[ "in" ];
        natives.end = natives.end || natives[ "out" ];
  
        if ( options.once ) {
          natives.end = combineFn( natives.end, function() {
            this.removeTrackEvent( options._id );
          });
        }
  
        // extend teardown to always call end if running
        natives._teardown = combineFn(function() {
  
          var args = slice.call( arguments ),
              runningPlugins = this.data.running[ natives.type ];
  
          // end function signature is not the same as teardown,
          // put null on the front of arguments for the event parameter
          args.unshift( null );
  
          // only call end if event is running
          args[ 1 ]._running &&
            runningPlugins.splice( runningPlugins.indexOf( options ), 1 ) &&
            natives.end.apply( this, args );
  
          args[ 1 ]._running = false;
          this.emit( "trackend",
            Popcorn.extend( {}, options, {
              plugin: natives.type,
              type: "trackend",
              track: Popcorn.getTrackEvent( this, options.id || options._id )
            })
          );
        }, natives._teardown );
  
        // extend teardown to always trigger trackteardown after teardown
        natives._teardown = combineFn( natives._teardown, function() {
  
          this.emit( "trackteardown", Popcorn.extend( {}, options, {
            plugin: name,
            type: "trackteardown",
            track: Popcorn.getTrackEvent( this, options.id || options._id )
          }));
        });
  
        // default to an empty string if no effect exists
        // split string into an array of effects
        options.compose = options.compose || [];
        if ( typeof options.compose === "string" ) {
          options.compose = options.compose.split( " " );
        }
        options.effect = options.effect || [];
        if ( typeof options.effect === "string" ) {
          options.effect = options.effect.split( " " );
        }
  
        // join the two arrays together
        options.compose = options.compose.concat( options.effect );
  
        options.compose.forEach(function( composeOption ) {
  
          // if the requested compose is garbage, throw it away
          compose = Popcorn.compositions[ composeOption ] || {};
  
          // extends previous functions with compose function
          methods.forEach(function( method ) {
            natives[ method ] = combineFn( natives[ method ], compose[ method ] );
          });
        });
  
        //  Ensure a manifest object, an empty object is a sufficient fallback
        options._natives.manifest = manifest;
  
        //  Checks for expected properties
        if ( !( "start" in options ) ) {
          options.start = options[ "in" ] || 0;
        }
  
        if ( !options.end && options.end !== 0 ) {
          options.end = options[ "out" ] || Number.MAX_VALUE;
        }
  
        // Use hasOwn to detect non-inherited toString, since all
        // objects will receive a toString - its otherwise undetectable
        if ( !hasOwn.call( options, "toString" ) ) {
          options.toString = function() {
            var props = [
              "start: " + options.start,
              "end: " + options.end,
              "id: " + (options.id || options._id)
            ];
  
            // Matches null and undefined, allows: false, 0, "" and truthy
            if ( options.target != null ) {
              props.push( "target: " + options.target );
            }
  
            return name + " ( " + props.join(", ") + " )";
          };
        }
  
        // Resolves 239, 241, 242
        if ( !options.target ) {
  
          //  Sometimes the manifest may be missing entirely
          //  or it has an options object that doesn't have a `target` property
          manifestOpts = "options" in manifest && manifest.options;
  
          options.target = manifestOpts && "target" in manifestOpts && manifestOpts.target;
        }
  
        if ( !options._id && options._natives ) {
          // ensure an initial id is there before setup is called
          options._id = Popcorn.guid( options._natives.type );
        }
  
        if ( options instanceof TrackEvent ) {
  
          if ( options._natives ) {
            //  Supports user defined track event id
            options._id = options.id || options._id || Popcorn.guid( options._natives.type );
  
            // Trigger _setup method if exists
            if ( options._natives._setup ) {
  
              options._natives._setup.call( this, options );
  
              this.emit( "tracksetup", Popcorn.extend( {}, options, {
                plugin: options._natives.type,
                type: "tracksetup",
                track: options
              }));
            }
          }
  
          this.data.trackEvents.add( options );
          TrackEvent.start( this, options );
  
          this.timeUpdate( this, null, true );
  
          // Store references to user added trackevents in ref table
          if ( options._id ) {
            Popcorn.addTrackEvent.ref( this, options );
          }
        } else {
          // Create new track event for this instance
          Popcorn.addTrackEvent( this, options );
        }
  
        //  Future support for plugin event definitions
        //  for all of the native events
        Popcorn.forEach( setup, function( callback, type ) {
          // Don't attempt to create events for certain properties:
          // "start", "end", "type", "manifest". Fixes #1365
          if ( blacklist.indexOf( type ) === -1 ) {
            this.on( type, callback );
          }
        }, this );
  
        return this;
      };
  
      //  Extend Popcorn.p with new named definition
      //  Assign new named definition
      Popcorn.p[ name ] = plugin[ name ] = function( id, options ) {
        var length = arguments.length,
            trackEvent, defaults, mergedSetupOpts, previousOpts, newOpts;
  
        // Shift arguments based on use case
        //
        // Back compat for:
        // p.plugin( options );
        if ( id && !options ) {
          options = id;
          id = null;
        } else {
  
          // Get the trackEvent that matches the given id.
          trackEvent = this.getTrackEvent( id );
  
          // If the track event does not exist, ensure that the options
          // object has a proper id
          if ( !trackEvent ) {
            options.id = id;
  
          // If the track event does exist, merge the updated properties
          } else {
  
            newOpts = options;
            previousOpts = getPreviousProperties( trackEvent, newOpts );
  
            // Call the plugins defined update method if provided. Allows for
            // custom defined updating for a track event to be defined by the plugin author
            if ( trackEvent._natives._update ) {
  
              this.data.trackEvents.remove( trackEvent );
  
              // It's safe to say that the intent of Start/End will never change
              // Update them first before calling update
              if ( hasOwn.call( options, "start" ) ) {
                trackEvent.start = options.start;
              }
  
              if ( hasOwn.call( options, "end" ) ) {
                trackEvent.end = options.end;
              }
  
              TrackEvent.end( this, trackEvent );
  
              if ( isfn ) {
                definition.call( this, trackEvent );
              }
  
              trackEvent._natives._update.call( this, trackEvent, options );
  
              this.data.trackEvents.add( trackEvent );
              TrackEvent.start( this, trackEvent );
            } else {
              // This branch is taken when there is no explicitly defined
              // _update method for a plugin. Which will occur either explicitly or
              // as a result of the plugin definition being a function that _returns_
              // a definition object.
              //
              // In either case, this path can ONLY be reached for TrackEvents that
              // already exist.
  
              // Directly update the TrackEvent instance.
              // This supports TrackEvent invariant enforcement.
              Popcorn.extend( trackEvent, options );
  
              this.data.trackEvents.remove( id );
  
              // If a _teardown function was defined,
              // enforce for track event removals
              if ( trackEvent._natives._teardown ) {
                trackEvent._natives._teardown.call( this, trackEvent );
              }
  
              // Update track event references
              Popcorn.removeTrackEvent.ref( this, id );
  
              if ( isfn ) {
                pluginFn.call( this, definition.call( this, trackEvent ), trackEvent );
              } else {
  
                //  Supports user defined track event id
                trackEvent._id = trackEvent.id || trackEvent._id || Popcorn.guid( trackEvent._natives.type );
  
                if ( trackEvent._natives && trackEvent._natives._setup ) {
  
                  trackEvent._natives._setup.call( this, trackEvent );
  
                  this.emit( "tracksetup", Popcorn.extend( {}, trackEvent, {
                    plugin: trackEvent._natives.type,
                    type: "tracksetup",
                    track: trackEvent
                  }));
                }
  
                this.data.trackEvents.add( trackEvent );
                TrackEvent.start( this, trackEvent );
  
                this.timeUpdate( this, null, true );
  
                // Store references to user added trackevents in ref table
                Popcorn.addTrackEvent.ref( this, trackEvent );
              }
  
              // Fire an event with change information
              this.emit( "trackchange", {
                id: trackEvent.id,
                type: "trackchange",
                previousValue: previousOpts,
                currentValue: trackEvent,
                track: trackEvent
              });
  
              return this;
            }
  
            if ( trackEvent._natives.type !== "cue" ) {
              // Fire an event with change information
              this.emit( "trackchange", {
                id: trackEvent.id,
                type: "trackchange",
                previousValue: previousOpts,
                currentValue: newOpts,
                track: trackEvent
              });
            }
  
            return this;
          }
        }
  
        this.data.running[ name ] = this.data.running[ name ] || [];
  
        // Merge with defaults if they exist, make sure per call is prioritized
        defaults = ( this.options.defaults && this.options.defaults[ name ] ) || {};
        mergedSetupOpts = Popcorn.extend( {}, defaults, options );
  
        pluginFn.call( this, isfn ? definition.call( this, mergedSetupOpts ) : definition,
                                    mergedSetupOpts );
  
        return this;
      };
  
      // if the manifest parameter exists we should extend it onto the definition object
      // so that it shows up when calling Popcorn.registry and Popcorn.registryByName
      if ( manifest ) {
        Popcorn.extend( definition, {
          manifest: manifest
        });
      }
  
      //  Push into the registry
      var entry = {
        fn: plugin[ name ],
        definition: definition,
        base: definition,
        parents: [],
        name: name
      };
      Popcorn.registry.push(
         Popcorn.extend( plugin, entry, {
          type: name
        })
      );
      Popcorn.registryByName[ name ] = entry;
  
      return plugin;
    };
  
    // Storage for plugin function errors
    Popcorn.plugin.errors = [];
  
    // Returns wrapped plugin function
    function safeTry( fn, pluginName ) {
      return function() {
  
        //  When Popcorn.plugin.debug is true, do not suppress errors
        if ( Popcorn.plugin.debug ) {
          return fn.apply( this, arguments );
        }
  
        try {
          return fn.apply( this, arguments );
        } catch ( ex ) {
  
          // Push plugin function errors into logging queue
          Popcorn.plugin.errors.push({
            plugin: pluginName,
            thrown: ex,
            source: fn.toString()
          });
  
          // Trigger an error that the instance can listen for
          // and react to
          this.emit( "pluginerror", Popcorn.plugin.errors );
        }
      };
    }
  
    // Debug-mode flag for plugin development
    // True for Popcorn development versions, false for stable/tagged versions
    Popcorn.plugin.debug = ( Popcorn.version === "@" + "VERSION" );
  
    //  removePlugin( type ) removes all tracks of that from all instances of popcorn
    //  removePlugin( obj, type ) removes all tracks of type from obj, where obj is a single instance of popcorn
    Popcorn.removePlugin = function( obj, name ) {
  
      //  Check if we are removing plugin from an instance or from all of Popcorn
      if ( !name ) {
  
        //  Fix the order
        name = obj;
        obj = Popcorn.p;
  
        if ( Popcorn.protect.natives.indexOf( name.toLowerCase() ) >= 0 ) {
          Popcorn.error( "'" + name + "' is a protected function name" );
          return;
        }
  
        var registryLen = Popcorn.registry.length,
            registryIdx;
  
        // remove plugin reference from registry
        for ( registryIdx = 0; registryIdx < registryLen; registryIdx++ ) {
          if ( Popcorn.registry[ registryIdx ].name === name ) {
            Popcorn.registry.splice( registryIdx, 1 );
            delete Popcorn.registryByName[ name ];
            delete Popcorn.manifest[ name ];
  
            // delete the plugin
            delete obj[ name ];
  
            // plugin found and removed, stop checking, we are done
            return;
          }
        }
  
      }
  
      var byStart = obj.data.trackEvents.byStart,
          byEnd = obj.data.trackEvents.byEnd,
          animating = obj.data.trackEvents.animating,
          idx, sl;
  
      // remove all trackEvents
      for ( idx = 0, sl = byStart.length; idx < sl; idx++ ) {
  
        if ( byStart[ idx ] && byStart[ idx ]._natives && byStart[ idx ]._natives.type === name ) {
  
          byStart[ idx ]._natives._teardown && byStart[ idx ]._natives._teardown.call( obj, byStart[ idx ] );
  
          byStart.splice( idx, 1 );
  
          // update for loop if something removed, but keep checking
          idx--; sl--;
          if ( obj.data.trackEvents.startIndex <= idx ) {
            obj.data.trackEvents.startIndex--;
            obj.data.trackEvents.endIndex--;
          }
        }
  
        // clean any remaining references in the end index
        // we do this seperate from the above check because they might not be in the same order
        if ( byEnd[ idx ] && byEnd[ idx ]._natives && byEnd[ idx ]._natives.type === name ) {
  
          byEnd.splice( idx, 1 );
        }
      }
  
      //remove all animating events
      for ( idx = 0, sl = animating.length; idx < sl; idx++ ) {
  
        if ( animating[ idx ] && animating[ idx ]._natives && animating[ idx ]._natives.type === name ) {
  
          animating.splice( idx, 1 );
  
          // update for loop if something removed, but keep checking
          idx--; sl--;
        }
      }
  
    };
  
    Popcorn.compositions = {};
  
    //  Plugin inheritance
    Popcorn.compose = function( name, definition, manifest ) {
  
      //  If `manifest` arg is undefined, check for manifest within the `definition` object
      //  If no `definition.manifest`, an empty object is a sufficient fallback
      Popcorn.manifest[ name ] = manifest = manifest || definition.manifest || {};
  
      // register the effect by name
      Popcorn.compositions[ name ] = definition;
    };
  
    Popcorn.plugin.effect = Popcorn.effect = Popcorn.compose;
  
    var rnaiveExpr = /^(?:\.|#|\[)/;
  
    //  Basic DOM utilities and helpers API. See #1037
    Popcorn.dom = {
      debug: false,
      //  Popcorn.dom.find( selector, context )
      //
      //  Returns the first element that matches the specified selector
      //  Optionally provide a context element, defaults to `document`
      //
      //  eg.
      //  Popcorn.dom.find("video") returns the first video element
      //  Popcorn.dom.find("#foo") returns the first element with `id="foo"`
      //  Popcorn.dom.find("foo") returns the first element with `id="foo"`
      //     Note: Popcorn.dom.find("foo") is the only allowed deviation
      //           from valid querySelector selector syntax
      //
      //  Popcorn.dom.find(".baz") returns the first element with `class="baz"`
      //  Popcorn.dom.find("[preload]") returns the first element with `preload="..."`
      //  ...
      //  See https://developer.mozilla.org/En/DOM/Document.querySelector
      //
      //
      find: function( selector, context ) {
        var node = null;
  
        //  Default context is the `document`
        context = context || document;
  
        if ( selector ) {
  
          //  If the selector does not begin with "#", "." or "[",
          //  it could be either a nodeName or ID w/o "#"
          if ( !rnaiveExpr.test( selector ) ) {
  
            //  Try finding an element that matches by ID first
            node = document.getElementById( selector );
  
            //  If a match was found by ID, return the element
            if ( node !== null ) {
              return node;
            }
          }
          //  Assume no elements have been found yet
          //  Catch any invalid selector syntax errors and bury them.
          try {
            node = context.querySelector( selector );
          } catch ( e ) {
            if ( Popcorn.dom.debug ) {
              throw new Error(e);
            }
          }
        }
        return node;
      }
    };
  
    //  Cache references to reused RegExps
    var rparams = /\?/,
    //  XHR Setup object
    setup = {
      ajax: null,
      url: "",
      data: "",
      dataType: "",
      success: Popcorn.nop,
      type: "GET",
      async: true,
      contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8"
    };
  
    Popcorn.xhr = function( options ) {
      var settings;
  
      options.dataType = options.dataType && options.dataType.toLowerCase() || null;
  
      if ( options.dataType &&
           ( options.dataType === "jsonp" || options.dataType === "script" ) ) {
  
        Popcorn.xhr.getJSONP(
          options.url,
          options.success,
          options.dataType === "script"
        );
        return;
      }
  
      //  Merge the "setup" defaults and custom "options"
      //  into a new plain object.
      settings = Popcorn.extend( {}, setup, options );
  
      //  Create new XMLHttpRequest object
      settings.ajax = new XMLHttpRequest();
  
      if ( settings.ajax ) {
  
        if ( settings.type === "GET" && settings.data ) {
  
          //  append query string
          settings.url += ( rparams.test( settings.url ) ? "&" : "?" ) + settings.data;
  
          //  Garbage collect and reset settings.data
          settings.data = null;
        }
  
        //  Open the request
        settings.ajax.open( settings.type, settings.url, settings.async );
  
        //  For POST, set the content-type request header
        if ( settings.type === "POST" ) {
          settings.ajax.setRequestHeader(
            "Content-Type", settings.contentType
          );
        }
  
        settings.ajax.send( settings.data || null );
  
        return Popcorn.xhr.httpData( settings );
      }
    };
  
  
    Popcorn.xhr.httpData = function( settings ) {
  
      var data, json = null,
          parser, xml = null;
  
      settings.ajax.onreadystatechange = function() {
  
        if ( settings.ajax.readyState === 4 ) {
  
          try {
            json = JSON.parse( settings.ajax.responseText );
          } catch( e ) {
            //suppress
          }
  
          data = {
            xml: settings.ajax.responseXML,
            text: settings.ajax.responseText,
            json: json
          };
  
          // Normalize: data.xml is non-null in IE9 regardless of if response is valid xml
          if ( !data.xml || !data.xml.documentElement ) {
            data.xml = null;
  
            try {
              parser = new DOMParser();
              xml = parser.parseFromString( settings.ajax.responseText, "text/xml" );
  
              if ( !xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" ).length ) {
                data.xml = xml;
              }
            } catch ( e ) {
              // data.xml remains null
            }
          }
  
          //  If a dataType was specified, return that type of data
          if ( settings.dataType ) {
            data = data[ settings.dataType ];
          }
  
  
          settings.success.call( settings.ajax, data );
  
        }
      };
      return data;
    };
  
    Popcorn.xhr.getJSONP = function( url, success, isScript ) {
  
      var head = document.head || document.getElementsByTagName( "head" )[ 0 ] || document.documentElement,
        script = document.createElement( "script" ),
        isFired = false,
        params = [],
        rjsonp = /(=)\?(?=&|$)|\?\?/,
        replaceInUrl, prefix, paramStr, callback, callparam;
  
      if ( !isScript ) {
  
        // is there a calback already in the url
        callparam = url.match( /(callback=[^&]*)/ );
  
        if ( callparam !== null && callparam.length ) {
  
          prefix = callparam[ 1 ].split( "=" )[ 1 ];
  
          // Since we need to support developer specified callbacks
          // and placeholders in harmony, make sure matches to "callback="
          // aren't just placeholders.
          // We coded ourselves into a corner here.
          // JSONP callbacks should never have been
          // allowed to have developer specified callbacks
          if ( prefix === "?" ) {
            prefix = "jsonp";
          }
  
          // get the callback name
          callback = Popcorn.guid( prefix );
  
          // replace existing callback name with unique callback name
          url = url.replace( /(callback=[^&]*)/, "callback=" + callback );
        } else {
  
          callback = Popcorn.guid( "jsonp" );
  
          if ( rjsonp.test( url ) ) {
            url = url.replace( rjsonp, "$1" + callback );
          }
  
          // split on first question mark,
          // this is to capture the query string
          params = url.split( /\?(.+)?/ );
  
          // rebuild url with callback
          url = params[ 0 ] + "?";
          if ( params[ 1 ] ) {
            url += params[ 1 ] + "&";
          }
          url += "callback=" + callback;
        }
  
        //  Define the JSONP success callback globally
        window[ callback ] = function( data ) {
          // Fire success callbacks
          success && success( data );
          isFired = true;
        };
      }
  
      script.addEventListener( "load",  function() {
  
        //  Handling remote script loading callbacks
        if ( isScript ) {
          //  getScript
          success && success();
        }
  
        //  Executing for JSONP requests
        if ( isFired ) {
          //  Garbage collect the callback
          delete window[ callback ];
        }
        //  Garbage collect the script resource
        head.removeChild( script );
      }, false );
  
      script.addEventListener( "error",  function( e ) {
        //  Handling remote script loading callbacks
        success && success( { error: e } );
  
        //  Executing for JSONP requests
        if ( !isScript ) {
          //  Garbage collect the callback
          delete window[ callback ];
        }
        //  Garbage collect the script resource
        head.removeChild( script );
      }, false );
  
      script.src = url;
      head.insertBefore( script, head.firstChild );
  
      return;
    };
  
    Popcorn.getJSONP = Popcorn.xhr.getJSONP;
  
    Popcorn.getScript = Popcorn.xhr.getScript = function( url, success ) {
  
      return Popcorn.xhr.getJSONP( url, success, true );
    };
  
    Popcorn.util = {
      // Simple function to parse a timestamp into seconds
      // Acceptable formats are:
      // HH:MM:SS.MMM
      // HH:MM:SS;FF
      // Hours and minutes are optional. They default to 0
      toSeconds: function( timeStr, framerate ) {
        // Hours and minutes are optional
        // Seconds must be specified
        // Seconds can be followed by milliseconds OR by the frame information
        var validTimeFormat = /^([0-9]+:){0,2}[0-9]+([.;][0-9]+)?$/,
            errorMessage = "Invalid time format",
            digitPairs, lastIndex, lastPair, firstPair,
            frameInfo, frameTime;
  
        if ( typeof timeStr === "number" ) {
          return timeStr;
        }
  
        if ( typeof timeStr === "string" &&
              !validTimeFormat.test( timeStr ) ) {
          Popcorn.error( errorMessage );
        }
  
        digitPairs = timeStr.split( ":" );
        lastIndex = digitPairs.length - 1;
        lastPair = digitPairs[ lastIndex ];
  
        // Fix last element:
        if ( lastPair.indexOf( ";" ) > -1 ) {
  
          frameInfo = lastPair.split( ";" );
          frameTime = 0;
  
          if ( framerate && ( typeof framerate === "number" ) ) {
            frameTime = parseFloat( frameInfo[ 1 ], 10 ) / framerate;
          }
  
          digitPairs[ lastIndex ] = parseInt( frameInfo[ 0 ], 10 ) + frameTime;
        }
  
        firstPair = digitPairs[ 0 ];
  
        return {
  
          1: parseFloat( firstPair, 10 ),
  
          2: ( parseInt( firstPair, 10 ) * 60 ) +
                parseFloat( digitPairs[ 1 ], 10 ),
  
          3: ( parseInt( firstPair, 10 ) * 3600 ) +
              ( parseInt( digitPairs[ 1 ], 10 ) * 60 ) +
                parseFloat( digitPairs[ 2 ], 10 )
  
        }[ digitPairs.length || 1 ];
      }
    };
  
    // alias for exec function
    Popcorn.p.cue = Popcorn.p.exec;
  
    //  Protected API methods
    Popcorn.protect = {
      natives: getKeys( Popcorn.p ).map(function( val ) {
        return val.toLowerCase();
      })
    };
  
    // Setup logging for deprecated methods
    Popcorn.forEach({
      // Deprecated: Recommended
      "listen": "on",
      "unlisten": "off",
      "trigger": "emit",
      "exec": "cue"
  
    }, function( recommend, api ) {
      var original = Popcorn.p[ api ];
      // Override the deprecated api method with a method of the same name
      // that logs a warning and defers to the new recommended method
      Popcorn.p[ api ] = function() {
        if ( typeof console !== "undefined" && console.warn ) {
          console.warn(
            "Deprecated method '" + api + "', " +
            (recommend == null ? "do not use." : "use '" + recommend + "' instead." )
          );
  
          // Restore api after first warning
          Popcorn.p[ api ] = original;
        }
        return Popcorn.p[ recommend ].apply( this, [].slice.call( arguments ) );
      };
    });
  
  
    //  Exposes Popcorn to global context
    global.Popcorn = Popcorn;
  
  })(window, window.document);
  