text: from django.conf import settings
  from django.contrib.auth.models import User
  from django.contrib.flatpages.models import FlatPage
  from django.contrib.sites.models import Site
  from django.test import TestCase, modify_settings, override_settings
  
  from .settings import FLATPAGES_TEMPLATES
  
  
  class TestDataMixin:
  
      @classmethod
      def setUpTestData(cls):
          # don't use the manager because we want to ensure the site exists
          # with pk=1, regardless of whether or not it already exists.
          cls.site1 = Site(pk=1, domain='example.com', name='example.com')
          cls.site1.save()
          cls.fp1 = FlatPage.objects.create(
              url='/flatpage/', title='A Flatpage', content="Isn't it flat!",
              enable_comments=False, template_name='', registration_required=False
          )
          cls.fp2 = FlatPage.objects.create(
              url='/location/flatpage/', title='A Nested Flatpage', content="Isn't it flat and deep!",
              enable_comments=False, template_name='', registration_required=False
          )
          cls.fp3 = FlatPage.objects.create(
              url='/sekrit/', title='Sekrit Flatpage', content="Isn't it sekrit!",
              enable_comments=False, template_name='', registration_required=True
          )
          cls.fp4 = FlatPage.objects.create(
              url='/location/sekrit/', title='Sekrit Nested Flatpage', content="Isn't it sekrit and deep!",
              enable_comments=False, template_name='', registration_required=True
          )
          cls.fp1.sites.add(cls.site1)
          cls.fp2.sites.add(cls.site1)
          cls.fp3.sites.add(cls.site1)
          cls.fp4.sites.add(cls.site1)
  
  
  @modify_settings(INSTALLED_APPS={'append': 'django.contrib.flatpages'})
  @override_settings(
      LOGIN_URL='/accounts/login/',
      MIDDLEWARE=[
          'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
          'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
          'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
          'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
          'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
          # no 'django.contrib.flatpages.middleware.FlatpageFallbackMiddleware'
      ],
      ROOT_URLCONF='flatpages_tests.urls',
      TEMPLATES=FLATPAGES_TEMPLATES,
      SITE_ID=1,
  )
  class FlatpageViewTests(TestDataMixin, TestCase):
  
      def test_view_flatpage(self):
          "A flatpage can be served through a view"
          response = self.client.get('/flatpage_root/flatpage/')
          self.assertContains(response, "<p>Isn't it flat!</p>")
  
      def test_view_non_existent_flatpage(self):
          """A nonexistent flatpage raises 404 when served through a view."""
          response = self.client.get('/flatpage_root/no_such_flatpage/')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
  
      def test_view_authenticated_flatpage(self):
          "A flatpage served through a view can require authentication"
          response = self.client.get('/flatpage_root/sekrit/')
          self.assertRedirects(response, '/accounts/login/?next=/flatpage_root/sekrit/')
          user = User.objects.create_user('testuser', 'test@example.com', 's3krit')
          self.client.force_login(user)
          response = self.client.get('/flatpage_root/sekrit/')
          self.assertContains(response, "<p>Isn't it sekrit!</p>")
  
      def test_fallback_flatpage(self):
          "A fallback flatpage won't be served if the middleware is disabled"
          response = self.client.get('/flatpage/')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
  
      def test_fallback_non_existent_flatpage(self):
          """
          A nonexistent flatpage won't be served if the fallback middleware is
          disabled.
          """
          response = self.client.get('/no_such_flatpage/')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
  
      def test_view_flatpage_special_chars(self):
          "A flatpage with special chars in the URL can be served through a view"
          fp = FlatPage.objects.create(
              url="/some.very_special~chars-here/",
              title="A very special page",
              content="Isn't it special!",
              enable_comments=False,
              registration_required=False,
          )
          fp.sites.add(settings.SITE_ID)
  
          response = self.client.get('/flatpage_root/some.very_special~chars-here/')
          self.assertContains(response, "<p>Isn't it special!</p>")
  
  
  @modify_settings(INSTALLED_APPS={'append': 'django.contrib.flatpages'})
  @override_settings(
      APPEND_SLASH=True,
      LOGIN_URL='/accounts/login/',
      MIDDLEWARE=[
          'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
          'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
          'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
          'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
          'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
          # no 'django.contrib.flatpages.middleware.FlatpageFallbackMiddleware'
      ],
      ROOT_URLCONF='flatpages_tests.urls',
      TEMPLATES=FLATPAGES_TEMPLATES,
      SITE_ID=1,
  )
  class FlatpageViewAppendSlashTests(TestDataMixin, TestCase):
  
      def test_redirect_view_flatpage(self):
          "A flatpage can be served through a view and should add a slash"
          response = self.client.get('/flatpage_root/flatpage')
          self.assertRedirects(response, '/flatpage_root/flatpage/', status_code=301)
  
      def test_redirect_view_non_existent_flatpage(self):
          """
          A nonexistent flatpage raises 404 when served through a view and
          should not add a slash.
          """
          response = self.client.get('/flatpage_root/no_such_flatpage')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
  
      def test_redirect_fallback_flatpage(self):
          "A fallback flatpage won't be served if the middleware is disabled and should not add a slash"
          response = self.client.get('/flatpage')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
  
      def test_redirect_fallback_non_existent_flatpage(self):
          """
          A nonexistent flatpage won't be served if the fallback middleware is
          disabled and should not add a slash.
          """
          response = self.client.get('/no_such_flatpage')
          self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
  
      def test_redirect_view_flatpage_special_chars(self):
          "A flatpage with special chars in the URL can be served through a view and should add a slash"
          fp = FlatPage.objects.create(
              url="/some.very_special~chars-here/",
              title="A very special page",
              content="Isn't it special!",
              enable_comments=False,
              registration_required=False,
          )
          fp.sites.add(settings.SITE_ID)
  
          response = self.client.get('/flatpage_root/some.very_special~chars-here')
          self.assertRedirects(response, '/flatpage_root/some.very_special~chars-here/', status_code=301)
  