text: // import chai for testing
  import chai from 'chai';
  
  // test subject (reports the type of the raw value held against an instance (with a .raw method))
  import { arrayBuffer, castArrayBuffer } from "../../../src/internal/utility/type/arrayBuffer.js";
  
  // create buffer from string
  const stringToBuffer = (str) => {
      // ArrayBuffer to match length of the str
      const buffer = new ArrayBuffer(str.length);
      // Uint8 to contain the char info
      const view = new Uint8Array(buffer);
      // place the char into the buffer as unit8Array
      for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) view[i] = str.charCodeAt(i);
  
      // returning the buffer
      return buffer;
  }
  
  // get string from buffer
  function bufferTostring(buf) {
  
      return String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(buf));
  }
  
  // set-up spec testing feature-set
  describe("arrayBuffer ~ from ~ freo/utility/type", function () {
  
      it("should create an ArrayBuffer when constructor is called", function (done) {
          // create a new instance... * note that we can only create an Array instance from an Array instance
          const input1 = "string", arr1 = arrayBuffer(input1);
          // ensure the returned arr is an Array
          chai.expect(arr1 instanceof ArrayBuffer).to.equal(true);
          // new array will be empty (not an array of ["string"])
          chai.expect(JSON.stringify(arr1)).to.equal("{}");
          // create a new instance... * note that we can only create an Array instance from an Array instance
          const input2 = stringToBuffer("string"), arr2 = arrayBuffer(input2);
          // ensure the returned arr is an Array
          chai.expect(arr2 instanceof ArrayBuffer).to.equal(true);
          // new arrayBuffer will contain the string "string"
          chai.expect(bufferTostring(arr2)).to.equal("string");
          // instances are not equal (shallow copy)
          chai.expect(input2).to.not.equal(arr2);
          // complete test with done
          done();
      });
  
      it("should cast value to ArrayBuffer", function (done) {
          // create a new instance... * note that we can only create an Array instance from an Array instance
          const input1 = "string", arr1 = castArrayBuffer(input1);
          // ensure the returned arr is an Array
          chai.expect(arr1 instanceof ArrayBuffer).to.equal(false);
          // new array will be empty (not an array of ["string"])
          chai.expect(arr1).to.equal(undefined);
          // create a new instance... * note that we can only create an Array instance from an Array instance
          const input2 = stringToBuffer("string"), arr2 = castArrayBuffer(input2);
          // ensure the returned arr is an Array
          chai.expect(arr2 instanceof ArrayBuffer).to.equal(true);
          // new arrayBuffer will contain the string "string"
          chai.expect(bufferTostring(arr2)).to.equal("string");
          // instances are not equal (deep clone)
          chai.expect(input2).to.not.equal(arr2);
          // create a new instance... * note that we can only create an Array instance from an Array instance
          const input3 = undefined, arr3 = castArrayBuffer(input3);
          // ensure the returned arr is an Array
          chai.expect(arr3 instanceof ArrayBuffer).to.equal(false);
          // new array will be empty (not an array of ["string"])
          chai.expect(arr3).to.equal(undefined);
          // complete test with done
          done();
      });
  
  });