text: (window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[56],{481:function(s,t,a){"use strict";a.r(t);var n=a(15),e=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var s=this,t=s.$createElement,a=s._self._c||t;return a("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":s.$parent.slotKey}},[a("h1",{attrs:{id:"npm-package-json属性详解"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#npm-package-json属性详解"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" npm package.json属性详解")]),s._v(" "),a("blockquote",[a("p",[s._v("本文转自"),a("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.cnblogs.com/tzyy/p/5193811.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s._v("https://www.cnblogs.com/tzyy/p/5193811.html"),a("OutboundLink")],1),s._v("，作者：TZYY")])]),s._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"概述"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#概述"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 概述")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[a("code",[s._v("package.json")]),s._v("必须是一个严格的json文件，而不仅仅是js里边的一个对象。其中很多属性可以通过"),a("code",[s._v("npm-config")]),s._v("来生成")]),s._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"name"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#name"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" name")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[a("code",[s._v("package.json")]),s._v("中最重要的属性是"),a("code",[s._v("name")]),s._v("和"),a("code",[s._v("version")]),s._v("两个属性，这两个属性是必须要有的，否则模块就无法被安装，这两个属性一起形成了一个npm模块的唯一标识符。模块中内容变更的同时，模块版本也应该一起变化。\n"),a("code",[s._v("name")]),s._v("属性就是你的模块名称，下面是一些命名规则:")]),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[a("p",[a("code",[s._v("name")]),s._v("必须小于等于214个字节，包括前缀名称在内（如 xxx/xxxmodule）。")])]),s._v(" "),a("li",[a("p",[a("code",[s._v("name")]),s._v('不能以"_"或"."开头')])]),s._v(" "),a("li",[a("p",[s._v("不能含有大写字母")])]),s._v(" "),a("li",[a("p",[a("code",[s._v("name")]),s._v("会成为url的一部分，不能含有url非法字符")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("下面是官网文档的一些建议：")])]),s._v(" "),a("li",[a("p",[s._v("不要使用和node核心模块一样的名称")])]),s._v(" "),a("li",[a("p",[a("code",[s._v("name")]),s._v('中不要含有"js"和"node"。 It\'s assumed that it\'s js, since you\'re writing a package.json file, and you can specify the engine using the "engines" field. (See below.)')])]),s._v(" "),a("li",[a("p",[a("code",[s._v("name")]),s._v('属性会成为模块url、命令行中的一个参数或者一个文件夹名称，任何非url安全的字符在name中都不能使用，也不能以"_"或"."开头')])]),s._v(" "),a("li",[a("p",[a("code",[s._v("name")]),s._v("属性也许会被写在"),a("code",[s._v("require()")]),s._v("的参数中，所以最好取个简短而语义化的值。")])]),s._v(" "),a("li",[a("p",[s._v("创建一个模块前可以先到后边的网址查查"),a("code",[s._v("name")]),s._v("是否已经被占用. "),a("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.npmjs.com/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s._v("https://www.npmjs.com/"),a("OutboundLink")],1)]),s._v(" "),a("ul",[a("li",[a("div",{staticClass:"language-sh line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-sh"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("# 发布一个包的时候，需要检验某个包名是否存在")]),s._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[s._v("npm")]),s._v(" search "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("<")]),s._v("ModuleName"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(">")]),s._v("\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br")])])])])])]),s._v(" "),a("p",[a("code",[s._v("name")]),s._v("属性可以有一些前缀如 e.g. @myorg/mypackage.在npm-scope(7)的文档中可以看到详细说明")]),s._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"version"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#version"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" version")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[a("code",[s._v("version")]),s._v("必须可以被npm依赖的一个"),a("code",[s._v("node-semver")]),s._v("模块解析。具体规则见下面的"),a("code",[s._v("dependencies")]),s._v("模块")]),s._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"description"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#description"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" description")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("一个描述，方便别人了解你的模块作用，搜索的时候也有用。")]),s._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"keywords"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#keywords"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" keywords")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("一个字符串数组，方便别人搜索到本模块")]),s._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"homepage"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#homepage"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" homepage")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("项目主页url\n"),a("strong",[s._v("注意:")]),s._v(" 这个项目主页url和url属性不同，如果你填写了url属性，npm注册工具会认为你把项目发布到其他地方了，获取模块的时候不会从npm官方仓库获取，而是会重定向到url属性配置的地址。\n（原文档中用了 spit(吐)这个单词，作者表示他不是在开玩笑:）")]),s._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"bugs"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#bugs"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" bugs")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("填写一个bug提交地址或者一个邮箱，被你的模块坑到的人可以通过这里吐槽，例如：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-json line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-json"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token property"}},[s._v('"url"')]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[s._v('"https://github.com/owner/project/issues"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(",")]),s._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token property"}},[s._v('"email"')]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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string"}},[s._v('"http://barnyrubble.tumblr.com/"')]),s._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("}")]),s._v("\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("也可以按如下格式缩写，npm会帮着转换:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language- line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[a("code",[s._v('"Barney Rubble b@rubble.com (http://barnyrubble.tumblr.com/)"\n')])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[a("code",[s._v("email")]),s._v("和"),a("code",[s._v("url")]),s._v("属性实际上都是可以省略的。描述用户信息的还有一个"),a("code",[s._v("maintainers")]),s._v("（维护者）属性。")]),s._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"files"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#files"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" files")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[a("code",[s._v("files")]),s._v("属性的值是一个数组，内容是模块下文件名或者文件夹名，如果是文件夹名，则文件夹下所有的文件也会被包含进来（除非文件被另一些配置排除了）\n你也可以在模块根目录下创建一个"),a("code",[s._v(".npmignore")]),s._v('文件（windows下无法直接创建以"."开头的文件，使用linux命令行工具创建如git bash），写在这个文件里边的文件即便被写在files属性里边也会被排除在外，这个文件的写法".gitignore"类似。')]),s._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"main"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#main"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" main")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[a("code",[s._v("main")]),s._v('属性指定了程序的主入口文件。意思是，如果你的模块被命名为foo，用户安装了这个模块并通过require("foo")来使用这个模块，那么require返回的内容就是main属性指定的文件中 module.exports指向的对象。\n它应该指向模块根目录下的一个文件。对大对数模块而言，这个属性更多的是让模块有一个主入口文件，然而很多模块并不写这个属性。')]),s._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"bin"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#bin"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" bin")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("很多模块有一个或多个需要配置到PATH路径下的可执行模块，npm让这个工作变得十分简单（实际上npm本身也是通过bin属性安装为一个可执行命令的）\n如果要用npm的这个功能，在package.json里边配置一个bin属性。bin属性是一个已命令名称为key，本地文件名称为value的map如下：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-json line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-json"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token property"}},[s._v('"bin"')]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token property"}},[s._v('"myapp"')]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[s._v('"./cli.js"')]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("}")]),s._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("}")]),s._v("\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("模块安装的时候，若是全局安装，则npm会为bin中配置的文件在bin目录下创建一个软连接（对于windows系统，默认会在C:\\Users\\username\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm目录下），若是局部安装，则会在项目内的./node_modules/.bin/目录下创建一个软链接。\n因此，按上面的例子，当你安装myapp的时候，npm就会为cli.js在/usr/local/bin/myapp路径创建一个软链接。\n如果你的模块只有一个可执行文件，并且它的命令名称和模块名称一样，你可以只写一个字符串来代替上面那种配置，例如：")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-json line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-json"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v(" \n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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"),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("作用和如下写法相同:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-json line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-json"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v(" \n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token property"}},[s._v('"name"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[s._v('"my-program"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(",")]),s._v(" \n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token property"}},[s._v('"version"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[s._v('"1.2.5"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(",")]),s._v(" \n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token property"}},[s._v('"bin"')]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v(" \n        "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token property"}},[s._v('"my-program"')]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[s._v('"./path/to/program"')]),s._v(" \n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("}")]),s._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("}")]),s._v("\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br")])]),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"man"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#man"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" man")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("制定一个或通过数组制定一些文件来让linux下的man命令查找文档地址。\n如果只有一个文件被指定的话，安装后直接使用man+模块名称，而不管man指定的文件的实际名称。例如:")]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"language-json line-numbers-mode"},[a("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-json"}},[a("code",[a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v("\n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token property"}},[s._v('"name"')]),s._v(" 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"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[s._v('"foo.js"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(",")]),s._v(" \n    "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token property"}},[s._v('"man"')]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("[")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[s._v('"./man/foo.1"')]),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(",")]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[s._v('"./man/foo.2"')]),s._v(" "),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("]")]),s._v("\n"),a("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("}")]),s._v("\n")])]),s._v(" "),a("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),a("br"),a("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),a("br")])]),a("p",[s._v("会创建 man foo 和 man 2 foo 两条命令。")]),s._v(" "),a("h2",{attrs:{id:"directories"}},[a("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#directories"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" directories")]),s._v(" "),a("p",[s._v("CommonJs通过directories来制定一些方法来描述模块的结构，看看npm的package.json文件https://registry.npmjs.org/npm/latest ，可以发现里边有这个字段的内容。\n"),a("img",{attrs:{src:"http://zoucz.com/blogimgs/2016-02-16/1455624810992.png",alt:"img"}}),s._v("\n目前这个配置没有任何作用，将来可能会整出一些花样来。")]),s._v(" 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