text: """
   The OGRGeometry is a wrapper for using the OGR Geometry class
   (see http://www.gdal.org/classOGRGeometry.html).  OGRGeometry
   may be instantiated when reading geometries from OGR Data Sources
   (e.g. SHP files), or when given OGC WKT (a string).
  
   While the 'full' API is not present yet, the API is "pythonic" unlike
   the traditional and "next-generation" OGR Python bindings.  One major
   advantage OGR Geometries have over their GEOS counterparts is support
   for spatial reference systems and their transformation.
  
   Example:
    >>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeometry, OGRGeomType, SpatialReference
    >>> wkt1, wkt2 = 'POINT(-90 30)', 'POLYGON((0 0, 5 0, 5 5, 0 5)'
    >>> pnt = OGRGeometry(wkt1)
    >>> print(pnt)
    POINT (-90 30)
    >>> mpnt = OGRGeometry(OGRGeomType('MultiPoint'), SpatialReference('WGS84'))
    >>> mpnt.add(wkt1)
    >>> mpnt.add(wkt1)
    >>> print(mpnt)
    MULTIPOINT (-90 30,-90 30)
    >>> print(mpnt.srs.name)
    WGS 84
    >>> print(mpnt.srs.proj)
    +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
    >>> mpnt.transform(SpatialReference('NAD27'))
    >>> print(mpnt.proj)
    +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk66 +datum=NAD27 +no_defs
    >>> print(mpnt)
    MULTIPOINT (-89.999930378602485 29.999797886557641,-89.999930378602485 29.999797886557641)
  
    The OGRGeomType class is to make it easy to specify an OGR geometry type:
    >>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType
    >>> gt1 = OGRGeomType(3) # Using an integer for the type
    >>> gt2 = OGRGeomType('Polygon') # Using a string
    >>> gt3 = OGRGeomType('POLYGON') # It's case-insensitive
    >>> print(gt1 == 3, gt1 == 'Polygon') # Equivalence works w/non-OGRGeomType objects
    True True
  """
  import sys
  from binascii import a2b_hex, b2a_hex
  from ctypes import byref, c_char_p, c_double, c_ubyte, c_void_p, string_at
  
  from django.contrib.gis.gdal.base import GDALBase
  from django.contrib.gis.gdal.envelope import Envelope, OGREnvelope
  from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import (
      GDALException, OGRIndexError, SRSException,
  )
  from django.contrib.gis.gdal.geomtype import OGRGeomType
  from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import geom as capi, srs as srs_api
  from django.contrib.gis.gdal.srs import CoordTransform, SpatialReference
  from django.contrib.gis.geometry.regex import hex_regex, json_regex, wkt_regex
  from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
  
  
  # For more information, see the OGR C API source code:
  #  http://www.gdal.org/ogr__api_8h.html
  #
  # The OGR_G_* routines are relevant here.
  class OGRGeometry(GDALBase):
      """Encapsulate an OGR geometry."""
      destructor = capi.destroy_geom
  
      def __init__(self, geom_input, srs=None):
          """Initialize Geometry on either WKT or an OGR pointer as input."""
          str_instance = isinstance(geom_input, str)
  
          # If HEX, unpack input to a binary buffer.
          if str_instance and hex_regex.match(geom_input):
              geom_input = memoryview(a2b_hex(geom_input.upper().encode()))
              str_instance = False
  
          # Constructing the geometry,
          if str_instance:
              wkt_m = wkt_regex.match(geom_input)
              json_m = json_regex.match(geom_input)
              if wkt_m:
                  if wkt_m.group('srid'):
                      # If there's EWKT, set the SRS w/value of the SRID.
                      srs = int(wkt_m.group('srid'))
                  if wkt_m.group('type').upper() == 'LINEARRING':
                      # OGR_G_CreateFromWkt doesn't work with LINEARRING WKT.
                      #  See http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/1992.
                      g = capi.create_geom(OGRGeomType(wkt_m.group('type')).num)
                      capi.import_wkt(g, byref(c_char_p(wkt_m.group('wkt').encode())))
                  else:
                      g = capi.from_wkt(byref(c_char_p(wkt_m.group('wkt').encode())), None, byref(c_void_p()))
              elif json_m:
                  g = capi.from_json(geom_input.encode())
              else:
                  # Seeing if the input is a valid short-hand string
                  # (e.g., 'Point', 'POLYGON').
                  OGRGeomType(geom_input)
                  g = capi.create_geom(OGRGeomType(geom_input).num)
          elif isinstance(geom_input, memoryview):
              # WKB was passed in
              g = self._from_wkb(geom_input)
          elif isinstance(geom_input, OGRGeomType):
              # OGRGeomType was passed in, an empty geometry will be created.
              g = capi.create_geom(geom_input.num)
          elif isinstance(geom_input, self.ptr_type):
              # OGR pointer (c_void_p) was the input.
              g = geom_input
          else:
              raise GDALException('Invalid input type for OGR Geometry construction: %s' % type(geom_input))
  
          # Now checking the Geometry pointer before finishing initialization
          # by setting the pointer for the object.
          if not g:
              raise GDALException('Cannot create OGR Geometry from input: %s' % geom_input)
          self.ptr = g
  
          # Assigning the SpatialReference object to the geometry, if valid.
          if srs:
              self.srs = srs
  
          # Setting the class depending upon the OGR Geometry Type
          self.__class__ = GEO_CLASSES[self.geom_type.num]
  
      # Pickle routines
      def __getstate__(self):
          srs = self.srs
          if srs:
              srs = srs.wkt
          else:
              srs = None
          return bytes(self.wkb), srs
  
      def __setstate__(self, state):
          wkb, srs = state
          ptr = capi.from_wkb(wkb, None, byref(c_void_p()), len(wkb))
          if not ptr:
              raise GDALException('Invalid OGRGeometry loaded from pickled state.')
          self.ptr = ptr
          self.srs = srs
  
      @classmethod
      def _from_wkb(cls, geom_input):
          return capi.from_wkb(bytes(geom_input), None, byref(c_void_p()), len(geom_input))
  
      @classmethod
      def from_bbox(cls, bbox):
          "Construct a Polygon from a bounding box (4-tuple)."
          x0, y0, x1, y1 = bbox
          return OGRGeometry('POLYGON((%s %s, %s %s, %s %s, %s %s, %s %s))' % (
              x0, y0, x0, y1, x1, y1, x1, y0, x0, y0))
  
      @classmethod
      def from_gml(cls, gml_string):
          return cls(capi.from_gml(force_bytes(gml_string)))
  
      # ### Geometry set-like operations ###
      # g = g1 | g2
      def __or__(self, other):
          "Return the union of the two geometries."
          return self.union(other)
  
      # g = g1 & g2
      def __and__(self, other):
          "Return the intersection of this Geometry and the other."
          return self.intersection(other)
  
      # g = g1 - g2
      def __sub__(self, other):
          "Return the difference this Geometry and the other."
          return self.difference(other)
  
      # g = g1 ^ g2
      def __xor__(self, other):
          "Return the symmetric difference of this Geometry and the other."
          return self.sym_difference(other)
  
      def __eq__(self, other):
          "Is this Geometry equal to the other?"
          if isinstance(other, OGRGeometry):
              return self.equals(other)
          else:
              return False
  
      def __str__(self):
          "WKT is used for the string representation."
          return self.wkt
  
      # #### Geometry Properties ####
      @property
      def dimension(self):
          "Return 0 for points, 1 for lines, and 2 for surfaces."
          return capi.get_dims(self.ptr)
  
      def _get_coord_dim(self):
          "Return the coordinate dimension of the Geometry."
          return capi.get_coord_dim(self.ptr)
  
      def _set_coord_dim(self, dim):
          "Set the coordinate dimension of this Geometry."
          if dim not in (2, 3):
              raise ValueError('Geometry dimension must be either 2 or 3')
          capi.set_coord_dim(self.ptr, dim)
  
      coord_dim = property(_get_coord_dim, _set_coord_dim)
  
      @property
      def geom_count(self):
          "Return the number of elements in this Geometry."
          return capi.get_geom_count(self.ptr)
  
      @property
      def point_count(self):
          "Return the number of Points in this Geometry."
          return capi.get_point_count(self.ptr)
  
      @property
      def num_points(self):
          "Alias for `point_count` (same name method in GEOS API.)"
          return self.point_count
  
      @property
      def num_coords(self):
          "Alias for `point_count`."
          return self.point_count
  
      @property
      def geom_type(self):
          "Return the Type for this Geometry."
          return OGRGeomType(capi.get_geom_type(self.ptr))
  
      @property
      def geom_name(self):
          "Return the Name of this Geometry."
          return capi.get_geom_name(self.ptr)
  
      @property
      def area(self):
          "Return the area for a LinearRing, Polygon, or MultiPolygon; 0 otherwise."
          return capi.get_area(self.ptr)
  
      @property
      def envelope(self):
          "Return the envelope for this Geometry."
          # TODO: Fix Envelope() for Point geometries.
          return Envelope(capi.get_envelope(self.ptr, byref(OGREnvelope())))
  
      @property
      def empty(self):
          return capi.is_empty(self.ptr)
  
      @property
      def extent(self):
          "Return the envelope as a 4-tuple, instead of as an Envelope object."
          return self.envelope.tuple
  
      # #### SpatialReference-related Properties ####
  
      # The SRS property
      def _get_srs(self):
          "Return the Spatial Reference for this Geometry."
          try:
              srs_ptr = capi.get_geom_srs(self.ptr)
              return SpatialReference(srs_api.clone_srs(srs_ptr))
          except SRSException:
              return None
  
      def _set_srs(self, srs):
          "Set the SpatialReference for this geometry."
          # Do not have to clone the `SpatialReference` object pointer because
          # when it is assigned to this `OGRGeometry` it's internal OGR
          # reference count is incremented, and will likewise be released
          # (decremented) when this geometry's destructor is called.
          if isinstance(srs, SpatialReference):
              srs_ptr = srs.ptr
          elif isinstance(srs, (int, str)):
              sr = SpatialReference(srs)
              srs_ptr = sr.ptr
          elif srs is None:
              srs_ptr = None
          else:
              raise TypeError('Cannot assign spatial reference with object of type: %s' % type(srs))
          capi.assign_srs(self.ptr, srs_ptr)
  
      srs = property(_get_srs, _set_srs)
  
      # The SRID property
      def _get_srid(self):
          srs = self.srs
          if srs:
              return srs.srid
          return None
  
      def _set_srid(self, srid):
          if isinstance(srid, int) or srid is None:
              self.srs = srid
          else:
              raise TypeError('SRID must be set with an integer.')
  
      srid = property(_get_srid, _set_srid)
  
      # #### Output Methods ####
      def _geos_ptr(self):
          from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry
          return GEOSGeometry._from_wkb(self.wkb)
  
      @property
      def geos(self):
          "Return a GEOSGeometry object from this OGRGeometry."
          from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry
          return GEOSGeometry(self._geos_ptr(), self.srid)
  
      @property
      def gml(self):
          "Return the GML representation of the Geometry."
          return capi.to_gml(self.ptr)
  
      @property
      def hex(self):
          "Return the hexadecimal representation of the WKB (a string)."
          return b2a_hex(self.wkb).upper()
  
      @property
      def json(self):
          """
          Return the GeoJSON representation of this Geometry.
          """
          return capi.to_json(self.ptr)
      geojson = json
  
      @property
      def kml(self):
          "Return the KML representation of the Geometry."
          return capi.to_kml(self.ptr, None)
  
      @property
      def wkb_size(self):
          "Return the size of the WKB buffer."
          return capi.get_wkbsize(self.ptr)
  
      @property
      def wkb(self):
          "Return the WKB representation of the Geometry."
          if sys.byteorder == 'little':
              byteorder = 1  # wkbNDR (from ogr_core.h)
          else:
              byteorder = 0  # wkbXDR
          sz = self.wkb_size
          # Creating the unsigned character buffer, and passing it in by reference.
          buf = (c_ubyte * sz)()
          capi.to_wkb(self.ptr, byteorder, byref(buf))
          # Returning a buffer of the string at the pointer.
          return memoryview(string_at(buf, sz))
  
      @property
      def wkt(self):
          "Return the WKT representation of the Geometry."
          return capi.to_wkt(self.ptr, byref(c_char_p()))
  
      @property
      def ewkt(self):
          "Return the EWKT representation of the Geometry."
          srs = self.srs
          if srs and srs.srid:
              return 'SRID=%s;%s' % (srs.srid, self.wkt)
          else:
              return self.wkt
  
      # #### Geometry Methods ####
      def clone(self):
          "Clone this OGR Geometry."
          return OGRGeometry(capi.clone_geom(self.ptr), self.srs)
  
      def close_rings(self):
          """
          If there are any rings within this geometry that have not been
          closed, this routine will do so by adding the starting point at the
          end.
          """
          # Closing the open rings.
          capi.geom_close_rings(self.ptr)
  
      def transform(self, coord_trans, clone=False):
          """
          Transform this geometry to a different spatial reference system.
          May take a CoordTransform object, a SpatialReference object, string
          WKT or PROJ.4, and/or an integer SRID.  By default, return nothing
          and transform the geometry in-place. However, if the `clone` keyword is
          set, return a transformed clone of this geometry.
          """
          if clone:
              klone = self.clone()
              klone.transform(coord_trans)
              return klone
  
          # Depending on the input type, use the appropriate OGR routine
          # to perform the transformation.
          if isinstance(coord_trans, CoordTransform):
              capi.geom_transform(self.ptr, coord_trans.ptr)
          elif isinstance(coord_trans, SpatialReference):
              capi.geom_transform_to(self.ptr, coord_trans.ptr)
          elif isinstance(coord_trans, (int, str)):
              sr = SpatialReference(coord_trans)
              capi.geom_transform_to(self.ptr, sr.ptr)
          else:
              raise TypeError('Transform only accepts CoordTransform, '
                              'SpatialReference, string, and integer objects.')
  
      # #### Topology Methods ####
      def _topology(self, func, other):
          """A generalized function for topology operations, takes a GDAL function and
          the other geometry to perform the operation on."""
          if not isinstance(other, OGRGeometry):
              raise TypeError('Must use another OGRGeometry object for topology operations!')
  
          # Returning the output of the given function with the other geometry's
          # pointer.
          return func(self.ptr, other.ptr)
  
      def intersects(self, other):
          "Return True if this geometry intersects with the other."
          return self._topology(capi.ogr_intersects, other)
  
      def equals(self, other):
          "Return True if this geometry is equivalent to the other."
          return self._topology(capi.ogr_equals, other)
  
      def disjoint(self, other):
          "Return True if this geometry and the other are spatially disjoint."
          return self._topology(capi.ogr_disjoint, other)
  
      def touches(self, other):
          "Return True if this geometry touches the other."
          return self._topology(capi.ogr_touches, other)
  
      def crosses(self, other):
          "Return True if this geometry crosses the other."
          return self._topology(capi.ogr_crosses, other)
  
      def within(self, other):
          "Return True if this geometry is within the other."
          return self._topology(capi.ogr_within, other)
  
      def contains(self, other):
          "Return True if this geometry contains the other."
          return self._topology(capi.ogr_contains, other)
  
      def overlaps(self, other):
          "Return True if this geometry overlaps the other."
          return self._topology(capi.ogr_overlaps, other)
  
      # #### Geometry-generation Methods ####
      def _geomgen(self, gen_func, other=None):
          "A helper routine for the OGR routines that generate geometries."
          if isinstance(other, OGRGeometry):
              return OGRGeometry(gen_func(self.ptr, other.ptr), self.srs)
          else:
              return OGRGeometry(gen_func(self.ptr), self.srs)
  
      @property
      def boundary(self):
          "Return the boundary of this geometry."
          return self._geomgen(capi.get_boundary)
  
      @property
      def convex_hull(self):
          """
          Return the smallest convex Polygon that contains all the points in
          this Geometry.
          """
          return self._geomgen(capi.geom_convex_hull)
  
      def difference(self, other):
          """
          Return a new geometry consisting of the region which is the difference
          of this geometry and the other.
          """
          return self._geomgen(capi.geom_diff, other)
  
      def intersection(self, other):
          """
          Return a new geometry consisting of the region of intersection of this
          geometry and the other.
          """
          return self._geomgen(capi.geom_intersection, other)
  
      def sym_difference(self, other):
          """
          Return a new geometry which is the symmetric difference of this
          geometry and the other.
          """
          return self._geomgen(capi.geom_sym_diff, other)
  
      def union(self, other):
          """
          Return a new geometry consisting of the region which is the union of
          this geometry and the other.
          """
          return self._geomgen(capi.geom_union, other)
  
  
  # The subclasses for OGR Geometry.
  class Point(OGRGeometry):
  
      def _geos_ptr(self):
          from django.contrib.gis import geos
          return geos.Point._create_empty() if self.empty else super()._geos_ptr()
  
      @classmethod
      def _create_empty(cls):
          return capi.create_geom(OGRGeomType('point').num)
  
      @property
      def x(self):
          "Return the X coordinate for this Point."
          return capi.getx(self.ptr, 0)
  
      @property
      def y(self):
          "Return the Y coordinate for this Point."
          return capi.gety(self.ptr, 0)
  
      @property
      def z(self):
          "Return the Z coordinate for this Point."
          if self.coord_dim == 3:
              return capi.getz(self.ptr, 0)
  
      @property
      def tuple(self):
          "Return the tuple of this point."
          if self.coord_dim == 2:
              return (self.x, self.y)
          elif self.coord_dim == 3:
              return (self.x, self.y, self.z)
      coords = tuple
  
  
  class LineString(OGRGeometry):
  
      def __getitem__(self, index):
          "Return the Point at the given index."
          if index >= 0 and index < self.point_count:
              x, y, z = c_double(), c_double(), c_double()
              capi.get_point(self.ptr, index, byref(x), byref(y), byref(z))
              dim = self.coord_dim
              if dim == 1:
                  return (x.value,)
              elif dim == 2:
                  return (x.value, y.value)
              elif dim == 3:
                  return (x.value, y.value, z.value)
          else:
              raise OGRIndexError('index out of range: %s' % index)
  
      def __iter__(self):
          "Iterate over each point in the LineString."
          for i in range(self.point_count):
              yield self[i]
  
      def __len__(self):
          "Return the number of points in the LineString."
          return self.point_count
  
      @property
      def tuple(self):
          "Return the tuple representation of this LineString."
          return tuple(self[i] for i in range(len(self)))
      coords = tuple
  
      def _listarr(self, func):
          """
          Internal routine that returns a sequence (list) corresponding with
          the given function.
          """
          return [func(self.ptr, i) for i in range(len(self))]
  
      @property
      def x(self):
          "Return the X coordinates in a list."
          return self._listarr(capi.getx)
  
      @property
      def y(self):
          "Return the Y coordinates in a list."
          return self._listarr(capi.gety)
  
      @property
      def z(self):
          "Return the Z coordinates in a list."
          if self.coord_dim == 3:
              return self._listarr(capi.getz)
  
  
  # LinearRings are used in Polygons.
  class LinearRing(LineString):
      pass
  
  
  class Polygon(OGRGeometry):
  
      def __len__(self):
          "Return the number of interior rings in this Polygon."
          return self.geom_count
  
      def __iter__(self):
          "Iterate through each ring in the Polygon."
          for i in range(self.geom_count):
              yield self[i]
  
      def __getitem__(self, index):
          "Get the ring at the specified index."
          if index < 0 or index >= self.geom_count:
              raise OGRIndexError('index out of range: %s' % index)
          else:
              return OGRGeometry(capi.clone_geom(capi.get_geom_ref(self.ptr, index)), self.srs)
  
      # Polygon Properties
      @property
      def shell(self):
          "Return the shell of this Polygon."
          return self[0]  # First ring is the shell
      exterior_ring = shell
  
      @property
      def tuple(self):
          "Return a tuple of LinearRing coordinate tuples."
          return tuple(self[i].tuple for i in range(self.geom_count))
      coords = tuple
  
      @property
      def point_count(self):
          "Return the number of Points in this Polygon."
          # Summing up the number of points in each ring of the Polygon.
          return sum(self[i].point_count for i in range(self.geom_count))
  
      @property
      def centroid(self):
          "Return the centroid (a Point) of this Polygon."
          # The centroid is a Point, create a geometry for this.
          p = OGRGeometry(OGRGeomType('Point'))
          capi.get_centroid(self.ptr, p.ptr)
          return p
  
  
  # Geometry Collection base class.
  class GeometryCollection(OGRGeometry):
      "The Geometry Collection class."
  
      def __getitem__(self, index):
          "Get the Geometry at the specified index."
          if index < 0 or index >= self.geom_count:
              raise OGRIndexError('index out of range: %s' % index)
          else:
              return OGRGeometry(capi.clone_geom(capi.get_geom_ref(self.ptr, index)), self.srs)
  
      def __iter__(self):
          "Iterate over each Geometry."
          for i in range(self.geom_count):
              yield self[i]
  
      def __len__(self):
          "Return the number of geometries in this Geometry Collection."
          return self.geom_count
  
      def add(self, geom):
          "Add the geometry to this Geometry Collection."
          if isinstance(geom, OGRGeometry):
              if isinstance(geom, self.__class__):
                  for g in geom:
                      capi.add_geom(self.ptr, g.ptr)
              else:
                  capi.add_geom(self.ptr, geom.ptr)
          elif isinstance(geom, str):
              tmp = OGRGeometry(geom)
              capi.add_geom(self.ptr, tmp.ptr)
          else:
              raise GDALException('Must add an OGRGeometry.')
  
      @property
      def point_count(self):
          "Return the number of Points in this Geometry Collection."
          # Summing up the number of points in each geometry in this collection
          return sum(self[i].point_count for i in range(self.geom_count))
  
      @property
      def tuple(self):
          "Return a tuple representation of this Geometry Collection."
          return tuple(self[i].tuple for i in range(self.geom_count))
      coords = tuple
  
  
  # Multiple Geometry types.
  class MultiPoint(GeometryCollection):
      pass
  
  
  class MultiLineString(GeometryCollection):
      pass
  
  
  class MultiPolygon(GeometryCollection):
      pass
  
  
  # Class mapping dictionary (using the OGRwkbGeometryType as the key)
  GEO_CLASSES = {1: Point,
                 2: LineString,
                 3: Polygon,
                 4: MultiPoint,
                 5: MultiLineString,
                 6: MultiPolygon,
                 7: GeometryCollection,
                 101: LinearRing,
                 1 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit: Point,
                 2 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit: LineString,
                 3 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit: Polygon,
                 4 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit: MultiPoint,
                 5 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit: MultiLineString,
                 6 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit: MultiPolygon,
                 7 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit: GeometryCollection,
                 }
  