text: """Guess the MIME type of a file.
  
  This module defines two useful functions:
  
  guess_type(url, strict=1) -- guess the MIME type and encoding of a URL.
  
  guess_extension(type, strict=1) -- guess the extension for a given MIME type.
  
  It also contains the following, for tuning the behavior:
  
  Data:
  
  knownfiles -- list of files to parse
  inited -- flag set when init() has been called
  suffix_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to suffixes
  encodings_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to encodings
  types_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to types
  
  Functions:
  
  init([files]) -- parse a list of files, default knownfiles
  read_mime_types(file) -- parse one file, return a dictionary or None
  """
  
  import os
  import posixpath
  import urllib
  
  __all__ = [
      "guess_type","guess_extension","guess_all_extensions",
      "add_type","read_mime_types","init"
  ]
  
  knownfiles = [
      "/etc/mime.types",
      "/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",
      "/usr/local/lib/netscape/mime.types",
      "/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",     # Apache 1.2
      "/usr/local/etc/mime.types",                # Apache 1.3
      ]
  
  inited = False
  
  
  class MimeTypes:
      """MIME-types datastore.
  
      This datastore can handle information from mime.types-style files
      and supports basic determination of MIME type from a filename or
      URL, and can guess a reasonable extension given a MIME type.
      """
  
      def __init__(self, filenames=(), strict=True):
          if not inited:
              init()
          self.encodings_map = encodings_map.copy()
          self.suffix_map = suffix_map.copy()
          self.types_map = ({}, {}) # dict for (non-strict, strict)
          self.types_map_inv = ({}, {})
          for (ext, type) in types_map.items():
              self.add_type(type, ext, True)
          for (ext, type) in common_types.items():
              self.add_type(type, ext, False)
          for name in filenames:
              self.read(name, strict)
  
      def add_type(self, type, ext, strict=True):
          """Add a mapping between a type and and extension.
  
          When the extension is already known, the new
          type will replace the old one. When the type
          is already known the extension will be added
          to the list of known extensions.
  
          If strict is true, information will be added to
          list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
          types.
          """
          self.types_map[strict][ext] = type
          exts = self.types_map_inv[strict].setdefault(type, [])
          if ext not in exts:
              exts.append(ext)
  
      def guess_type(self, url, strict=True):
          """Guess the type of a file based on its URL.
  
          Return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if
          the type can't be guessed (no or unknown suffix) or a string
          of the form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type
          header; and encoding is None for no encoding or the name of
          the program used to encode (e.g. compress or gzip).  The
          mappings are table driven.  Encoding suffixes are case
          sensitive; type suffixes are first tried case sensitive, then
          case insensitive.
  
          The suffixes .tgz, .taz and .tz (case sensitive!) are all
          mapped to '.tar.gz'.  (This is table-driven too, using the
          dictionary suffix_map.)
  
          Optional `strict' argument when False adds a bunch of commonly found,
          but non-standard types.
          """
          scheme, url = urllib.splittype(url)
          if scheme == 'data':
              # syntax of data URLs:
              # dataurl   := "data:" [ mediatype ] [ ";base64" ] "," data
              # mediatype := [ type "/" subtype ] *( ";" parameter )
              # data      := *urlchar
              # parameter := attribute "=" value
              # type/subtype defaults to "text/plain"
              comma = url.find(',')
              if comma < 0:
                  # bad data URL
                  return None, None
              semi = url.find(';', 0, comma)
              if semi >= 0:
                  type = url[:semi]
              else:
                  type = url[:comma]
              if '=' in type or '/' not in type:
                  type = 'text/plain'
              return type, None           # never compressed, so encoding is None
          base, ext = posixpath.splitext(url)
          while ext in self.suffix_map:
              base, ext = posixpath.splitext(base + self.suffix_map[ext])
          if ext in self.encodings_map:
              encoding = self.encodings_map[ext]
              base, ext = posixpath.splitext(base)
          else:
              encoding = None
          types_map = self.types_map[True]
          if ext in types_map:
              return types_map[ext], encoding
          elif ext.lower() in types_map:
              return types_map[ext.lower()], encoding
          elif strict:
              return None, encoding
          types_map = self.types_map[False]
          if ext in types_map:
              return types_map[ext], encoding
          elif ext.lower() in types_map:
              return types_map[ext.lower()], encoding
          else:
              return None, encoding
  
      def guess_all_extensions(self, type, strict=True):
          """Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type.
  
          Return value is a list of strings giving the possible filename
          extensions, including the leading dot ('.').  The extension is not
          guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data stream,
          but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by guess_type().
  
          Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
          but non-standard types.
          """
          type = type.lower()
          extensions = self.types_map_inv[True].get(type, [])
          if not strict:
              for ext in self.types_map_inv[False].get(type, []):
                  if ext not in extensions:
                      extensions.append(ext)
          return extensions
  
      def guess_extension(self, type, strict=True):
          """Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type.
  
          Return value is a string giving a filename extension,
          including the leading dot ('.').  The extension is not
          guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data
          stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by
          guess_type().  If no extension can be guessed for `type', None
          is returned.
  
          Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
          but non-standard types.
          """
          extensions = self.guess_all_extensions(type, strict)
          if not extensions:
              return None
          return extensions[0]
  
      def read(self, filename, strict=True):
          """
          Read a single mime.types-format file, specified by pathname.
  
          If strict is true, information will be added to
          list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
          types.
          """
          fp = open(filename)
          self.readfp(fp, strict)
          fp.close()
  
      def readfp(self, fp, strict=True):
          """
          Read a single mime.types-format file.
  
          If strict is true, information will be added to
          list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
          types.
          """
          while 1:
              line = fp.readline()
              if not line:
                  break
              words = line.split()
              for i in range(len(words)):
                  if words[i][0] == '#':
                      del words[i:]
                      break
              if not words:
                  continue
              type, suffixes = words[0], words[1:]
              for suff in suffixes:
                  self.add_type(type, '.' + suff, strict)
  
  def guess_type(url, strict=True):
      """Guess the type of a file based on its URL.
  
      Return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if the
      type can't be guessed (no or unknown suffix) or a string of the
      form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type header; and
      encoding is None for no encoding or the name of the program used
      to encode (e.g. compress or gzip).  The mappings are table
      driven.  Encoding suffixes are case sensitive; type suffixes are
      first tried case sensitive, then case insensitive.
  
      The suffixes .tgz, .taz and .tz (case sensitive!) are all mapped
      to ".tar.gz".  (This is table-driven too, using the dictionary
      suffix_map).
  
      Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found, but
      non-standard types.
      """
      init()
      return guess_type(url, strict)
  
  
  def guess_all_extensions(type, strict=True):
      """Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type.
  
      Return value is a list of strings giving the possible filename
      extensions, including the leading dot ('.').  The extension is not
      guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data
      stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by
      guess_type().  If no extension can be guessed for `type', None
      is returned.
  
      Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
      but non-standard types.
      """
      init()
      return guess_all_extensions(type, strict)
  
  def guess_extension(type, strict=True):
      """Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type.
  
      Return value is a string giving a filename extension, including the
      leading dot ('.').  The extension is not guaranteed to have been
      associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the
      MIME type `type' by guess_type().  If no extension can be guessed for
      `type', None is returned.
  
      Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
      but non-standard types.
      """
      init()
      return guess_extension(type, strict)
  
  def add_type(self, type, ext, strict=True):
      """Add a mapping between a type and and extension.
  
      When the extension is already known, the new
      type will replace the old one. When the type
      is already known the extension will be added
      to the list of known extensions.
  
      If strict is true, information will be added to
      list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
      types.
      """
      init()
      return add_type(type, ext, strict)
  
  
  def init(files=None):
      global guess_all_extensions, guess_extension, guess_type
      global suffix_map, types_map, encodings_map, common_types
      global add_type, inited
      inited = True
      db = MimeTypes()
      if files is None:
          files = knownfiles
      for file in files:
          if os.path.isfile(file):
              db.readfp(open(file))
      encodings_map = db.encodings_map
      suffix_map = db.suffix_map
      types_map = db.types_map[True]
      guess_all_extensions = db.guess_all_extensions
      guess_extension = db.guess_extension
      guess_type = db.guess_type
      add_type = db.add_type
      common_types = db.types_map[False]
  
  
  def read_mime_types(file):
      try:
          f = open(file)
      except IOError:
          return None
      db = MimeTypes()
      db.readfp(f, True)
      return db.types_map[True]
  
  
  suffix_map = {
      '.tgz': '.tar.gz',
      '.taz': '.tar.gz',
      '.tz': '.tar.gz',
      }
  
  encodings_map = {
      '.gz': 'gzip',
      '.Z': 'compress',
      }
  
  # Before adding new types, make sure they are either registered with IANA, at
  # http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types
  # or extensions, i.e. using the x- prefix
  
  # If you add to these, please keep them sorted!
  types_map = {
      '.a'      : 'application/octet-stream',
      '.ai'     : 'application/postscript',
      '.aif'    : 'audio/x-aiff',
      '.aifc'   : 'audio/x-aiff',
      '.aiff'   : 'audio/x-aiff',
      '.au'     : 'audio/basic',
      '.avi'    : 'video/x-msvideo',
      '.bat'    : 'text/plain',
      '.bcpio'  : 'application/x-bcpio',
      '.bin'    : 'application/octet-stream',
      '.bmp'    : 'image/x-ms-bmp',
      '.c'      : 'text/plain',
      # Duplicates :(
      '.cdf'    : 'application/x-cdf',
      '.cdf'    : 'application/x-netcdf',
      '.cpio'   : 'application/x-cpio',
      '.csh'    : 'application/x-csh',
      '.css'    : 'text/css',
      '.dll'    : 'application/octet-stream',
      '.doc'    : 'application/msword',
      '.dot'    : 'application/msword',
      '.dvi'    : 'application/x-dvi',
      '.eml'    : 'message/rfc822',
      '.eps'    : 'application/postscript',
      '.etx'    : 'text/x-setext',
      '.exe'    : 'application/octet-stream',
      '.gif'    : 'image/gif',
      '.gtar'   : 'application/x-gtar',
      '.h'      : 'text/plain',
      '.hdf'    : 'application/x-hdf',
      '.htm'    : 'text/html',
      '.html'   : 'text/html',
      '.ief'    : 'image/ief',
      '.jpe'    : 'image/jpeg',
      '.jpeg'   : 'image/jpeg',
      '.jpg'    : 'image/jpeg',
      '.js'     : 'application/x-javascript',
      '.ksh'    : 'text/plain',
      '.latex'  : 'application/x-latex',
      '.m1v'    : 'video/mpeg',
      '.man'    : 'application/x-troff-man',
      '.me'     : 'application/x-troff-me',
      '.mht'    : 'message/rfc822',
      '.mhtml'  : 'message/rfc822',
      '.mif'    : 'application/x-mif',
      '.mov'    : 'video/quicktime',
      '.movie'  : 'video/x-sgi-movie',
      '.mp2'    : 'audio/mpeg',
      '.mp3'    : 'audio/mpeg',
      '.mpa'    : 'video/mpeg',
      '.mpe'    : 'video/mpeg',
      '.mpeg'   : 'video/mpeg',
      '.mpg'    : 'video/mpeg',
      '.ms'     : 'application/x-troff-ms',
      '.nc'     : 'application/x-netcdf',
      '.nws'    : 'message/rfc822',
      '.o'      : 'application/octet-stream',
      '.obj'    : 'application/octet-stream',
      '.oda'    : 'application/oda',
      '.p12'    : 'application/x-pkcs12',
      '.p7c'    : 'application/pkcs7-mime',
      '.pbm'    : 'image/x-portable-bitmap',
      '.pdf'    : 'application/pdf',
      '.pfx'    : 'application/x-pkcs12',
      '.pgm'    : 'image/x-portable-graymap',
      '.pl'     : 'text/plain',
      '.png'    : 'image/png',
      '.pnm'    : 'image/x-portable-anymap',
      '.pot'    : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
      '.ppa'    : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
      '.ppm'    : 'image/x-portable-pixmap',
      '.pps'    : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
      '.ppt'    : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
      '.ps'     : 'application/postscript',
      '.pwz'    : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
      '.py'     : 'text/x-python',
      '.pyc'    : 'application/x-python-code',
      '.pyo'    : 'application/x-python-code',
      '.qt'     : 'video/quicktime',
      '.ra'     : 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',
      '.ram'    : 'application/x-pn-realaudio',
      '.ras'    : 'image/x-cmu-raster',
      '.rdf'    : 'application/xml',
      '.rgb'    : 'image/x-rgb',
      '.roff'   : 'application/x-troff',
      '.rtx'    : 'text/richtext',
      '.sgm'    : 'text/x-sgml',
      '.sgml'   : 'text/x-sgml',
      '.sh'     : 'application/x-sh',
      '.shar'   : 'application/x-shar',
      '.snd'    : 'audio/basic',
      '.so'     : 'application/octet-stream',
      '.src'    : 'application/x-wais-source',
      '.sv4cpio': 'application/x-sv4cpio',
      '.sv4crc' : 'application/x-sv4crc',
      '.swf'    : 'application/x-shockwave-flash',
      '.t'      : 'application/x-troff',
      '.tar'    : 'application/x-tar',
      '.tcl'    : 'application/x-tcl',
      '.tex'    : 'application/x-tex',
      '.texi'   : 'application/x-texinfo',
      '.texinfo': 'application/x-texinfo',
      '.tif'    : 'image/tiff',
      '.tiff'   : 'image/tiff',
      '.tr'     : 'application/x-troff',
      '.tsv'    : 'text/tab-separated-values',
      '.txt'    : 'text/plain',
      '.ustar'  : 'application/x-ustar',
      '.vcf'    : 'text/x-vcard',
      '.wav'    : 'audio/x-wav',
      '.wiz'    : 'application/msword',
      '.xbm'    : 'image/x-xbitmap',
      '.xlb'    : 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
      # Duplicates :(
      '.xls'    : 'application/excel',
      '.xls'    : 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
      '.xml'    : 'text/xml',
      '.xpm'    : 'image/x-xpixmap',
      '.xsl'    : 'application/xml',
      '.xwd'    : 'image/x-xwindowdump',
      '.zip'    : 'application/zip',
      }
  
  # These are non-standard types, commonly found in the wild.  They will only
  # match if strict=0 flag is given to the API methods.
  
  # Please sort these too
  common_types = {
      '.jpg' : 'image/jpg',
      '.mid' : 'audio/midi',
      '.midi': 'audio/midi',
      '.pct' : 'image/pict',
      '.pic' : 'image/pict',
      '.pict': 'image/pict',
      '.rtf' : 'application/rtf',
      '.xul' : 'text/xul'
      }
  
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      import sys
      import getopt
  
      USAGE = """\
  Usage: mimetypes.py [options] type
  
  Options:
      --help / -h       -- print this message and exit
      --lenient / -l    -- additionally search of some common, but non-standard
                           types.
      --extension / -e  -- guess extension instead of type
  
  More than one type argument may be given.
  """
  
      def usage(code, msg=''):
          print USAGE
          if msg: print msg
          sys.exit(code)
  
      try:
          opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'hle',
                                     ['help', 'lenient', 'extension'])
      except getopt.error, msg:
          usage(1, msg)
  
      strict = 1
      extension = 0
      for opt, arg in opts:
          if opt in ('-h', '--help'):
              usage(0)
          elif opt in ('-l', '--lenient'):
              strict = 0
          elif opt in ('-e', '--extension'):
              extension = 1
      for gtype in args:
          if extension:
              guess = guess_extension(gtype, strict)
              if not guess: print "I don't know anything about type", gtype
              else: print guess
          else:
              guess, encoding = guess_type(gtype, strict)
              if not guess: print "I don't know anything about type", gtype
              else: print 'type:', guess, 'encoding:', encoding
  