text: r"""
  :mod:`~matplotlib.gridspec` contains classes that help to layout multiple
  `~.axes.Axes` in a grid-like pattern within a figure.
  
  The `GridSpec` specifies the overall grid structure. Individual cells within
  the grid are referenced by `SubplotSpec`\s.
  
  See the tutorial :ref:`sphx_glr_tutorials_intermediate_gridspec.py` for a
  comprehensive usage guide.
  """
  
  import copy
  import logging
  from numbers import Integral
  
  import numpy as np
  
  import matplotlib as mpl
  from matplotlib import _pylab_helpers, cbook, tight_layout, rcParams
  from matplotlib.transforms import Bbox
  import matplotlib._layoutbox as layoutbox
  
  _log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  
  
  class GridSpecBase:
      """
      A base class of GridSpec that specifies the geometry of the grid
      that a subplot will be placed.
      """
  
      def __init__(self, nrows, ncols, height_ratios=None, width_ratios=None):
          """
          Parameters
          ----------
          nrows, ncols : int
              The number of rows and columns of the grid.
          width_ratios : array-like of length *ncols*, optional
              Defines the relative widths of the columns. Each column gets a
              relative width of ``width_ratios[i] / sum(width_ratios)``.
              If not given, all columns will have the same width.
          height_ratios : array-like of length *nrows*, optional
              Defines the relative heights of the rows. Each column gets a
              relative height of ``height_ratios[i] / sum(height_ratios)``.
              If not given, all rows will have the same height.
          """
          if not isinstance(nrows, Integral) or nrows <= 0:
              raise ValueError(
                  f"Number of rows must be a positive integer, not {nrows}")
          if not isinstance(ncols, Integral) or ncols <= 0:
              raise ValueError(
                  f"Number of columns must be a positive integer, not {ncols}")
          self._nrows, self._ncols = nrows, ncols
          self.set_height_ratios(height_ratios)
          self.set_width_ratios(width_ratios)
  
      def __repr__(self):
          height_arg = (', height_ratios=%r' % (self._row_height_ratios,)
                        if self._row_height_ratios is not None else '')
          width_arg = (', width_ratios=%r' % (self._col_width_ratios,)
                       if self._col_width_ratios is not None else '')
          return '{clsname}({nrows}, {ncols}{optionals})'.format(
              clsname=self.__class__.__name__,
              nrows=self._nrows,
              ncols=self._ncols,
              optionals=height_arg + width_arg,
              )
  
      nrows = property(lambda self: self._nrows,
                       doc="The number of rows in the grid.")
      ncols = property(lambda self: self._ncols,
                       doc="The number of columns in the grid.")
  
      def get_geometry(self):
          """
          Return a tuple containing the number of rows and columns in the grid.
          """
          return self._nrows, self._ncols
  
      def get_subplot_params(self, figure=None):
          # Must be implemented in subclasses
          pass
  
      def new_subplotspec(self, loc, rowspan=1, colspan=1):
          """
          Create and return a `.SubplotSpec` instance.
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          loc : (int, int)
              The position of the subplot in the grid as
              ``(row_index, column_index)``.
          rowspan, colspan : int, default: 1
              The number of rows and columns the subplot should span in the grid.
          """
          loc1, loc2 = loc
          subplotspec = self[loc1:loc1+rowspan, loc2:loc2+colspan]
          return subplotspec
  
      def set_width_ratios(self, width_ratios):
          """
          Set the relative widths of the columns.
  
          *width_ratios* must be of length *ncols*. Each column gets a relative
          width of ``width_ratios[i] / sum(width_ratios)``.
          """
          if width_ratios is not None and len(width_ratios) != self._ncols:
              raise ValueError('Expected the given number of width ratios to '
                               'match the number of columns of the grid')
          self._col_width_ratios = width_ratios
  
      def get_width_ratios(self):
          """
          Return the width ratios.
  
          This is *None* if no width ratios have been set explicitly.
          """
          return self._col_width_ratios
  
      def set_height_ratios(self, height_ratios):
          """
          Set the relative heights of the rows.
  
          *height_ratios* must be of length *nrows*. Each row gets a relative
          height of ``height_ratios[i] / sum(height_ratios)``.
          """
          if height_ratios is not None and len(height_ratios) != self._nrows:
              raise ValueError('Expected the given number of height ratios to '
                               'match the number of rows of the grid')
          self._row_height_ratios = height_ratios
  
      def get_height_ratios(self):
          """
          Return the height ratios.
  
          This is *None* if no height ratios have been set explicitly.
          """
          return self._row_height_ratios
  
      def get_grid_positions(self, fig, raw=False):
          """
          Return the positions of the grid cells in figure coordinates.
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          fig : `~matplotlib.figure.Figure`
              The figure the grid should be applied to. The subplot parameters
              (margins and spacing between subplots) are taken from *fig*.
          raw : bool, default: False
              If *True*, the subplot parameters of the figure are not taken
              into account. The grid spans the range [0, 1] in both directions
              without margins and there is no space between grid cells. This is
              used for constrained_layout.
  
          Returns
          -------
          bottoms, tops, lefts, rights : array
              The bottom, top, left, right positions of the grid cells in
              figure coordinates.
          """
          nrows, ncols = self.get_geometry()
  
          if raw:
              left = 0.
              right = 1.
              bottom = 0.
              top = 1.
              wspace = 0.
              hspace = 0.
          else:
              subplot_params = self.get_subplot_params(fig)
              left = subplot_params.left
              right = subplot_params.right
              bottom = subplot_params.bottom
              top = subplot_params.top
              wspace = subplot_params.wspace
              hspace = subplot_params.hspace
          tot_width = right - left
          tot_height = top - bottom
  
          # calculate accumulated heights of columns
          cell_h = tot_height / (nrows + hspace*(nrows-1))
          sep_h = hspace * cell_h
          if self._row_height_ratios is not None:
              norm = cell_h * nrows / sum(self._row_height_ratios)
              cell_heights = [r * norm for r in self._row_height_ratios]
          else:
              cell_heights = [cell_h] * nrows
          sep_heights = [0] + ([sep_h] * (nrows-1))
          cell_hs = np.cumsum(np.column_stack([sep_heights, cell_heights]).flat)
  
          # calculate accumulated widths of rows
          cell_w = tot_width / (ncols + wspace*(ncols-1))
          sep_w = wspace * cell_w
          if self._col_width_ratios is not None:
              norm = cell_w * ncols / sum(self._col_width_ratios)
              cell_widths = [r * norm for r in self._col_width_ratios]
          else:
              cell_widths = [cell_w] * ncols
          sep_widths = [0] + ([sep_w] * (ncols-1))
          cell_ws = np.cumsum(np.column_stack([sep_widths, cell_widths]).flat)
  
          fig_tops, fig_bottoms = (top - cell_hs).reshape((-1, 2)).T
          fig_lefts, fig_rights = (left + cell_ws).reshape((-1, 2)).T
          return fig_bottoms, fig_tops, fig_lefts, fig_rights
  
      def __getitem__(self, key):
          """Create and return a `.SubplotSpec` instance."""
          nrows, ncols = self.get_geometry()
  
          def _normalize(key, size, axis):  # Includes last index.
              orig_key = key
              if isinstance(key, slice):
                  start, stop, _ = key.indices(size)
                  if stop > start:
                      return start, stop - 1
                  raise IndexError("GridSpec slice would result in no space "
                                   "allocated for subplot")
              else:
                  if key < 0:
                      key = key + size
                  if 0 <= key < size:
                      return key, key
                  elif axis is not None:
                      raise IndexError(f"index {orig_key} is out of bounds for "
                                       f"axis {axis} with size {size}")
                  else:  # flat index
                      raise IndexError(f"index {orig_key} is out of bounds for "
                                       f"GridSpec with size {size}")
  
          if isinstance(key, tuple):
              try:
                  k1, k2 = key
              except ValueError as err:
                  raise ValueError("Unrecognized subplot spec") from err
              num1, num2 = np.ravel_multi_index(
                  [_normalize(k1, nrows, 0), _normalize(k2, ncols, 1)],
                  (nrows, ncols))
          else:  # Single key
              num1, num2 = _normalize(key, nrows * ncols, None)
  
          return SubplotSpec(self, num1, num2)
  
      def subplots(self, *, sharex=False, sharey=False, squeeze=True,
                   subplot_kw=None):
          """
          Add all subplots specified by this `GridSpec` to its parent figure.
  
          This utility wrapper makes it convenient to create common layouts of
          subplots in a single call.
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          sharex, sharey : bool or {'none', 'all', 'row', 'col'}, default: False
              Controls sharing of properties among x (*sharex*) or y (*sharey*)
              axes:
  
              - True or 'all': x- or y-axis will be shared among all subplots.
              - False or 'none': each subplot x- or y-axis will be independent.
              - 'row': each subplot row will share an x- or y-axis.
              - 'col': each subplot column will share an x- or y-axis.
  
              When subplots have a shared x-axis along a column, only the x tick
              labels of the bottom subplot are created. Similarly, when subplots
              have a shared y-axis along a row, only the y tick labels of the
              first column subplot are created. To later turn other subplots'
              ticklabels on, use `~matplotlib.axes.Axes.tick_params`.
  
          squeeze : bool, optional, default: True
              - If True, extra dimensions are squeezed out from the returned
                array of Axes:
  
                - if only one subplot is constructed (nrows=ncols=1), the
                  resulting single Axes object is returned as a scalar.
                - for Nx1 or 1xM subplots, the returned object is a 1D numpy
                  object array of Axes objects.
                - for NxM, subplots with N>1 and M>1 are returned as a 2D array.
  
              - If False, no squeezing at all is done: the returned Axes object
                is always a 2D array containing Axes instances, even if it ends
                up being 1x1.
  
          subplot_kw : dict, optional
              Dict with keywords passed to the `~.Figure.add_subplot` call used
              to create each subplot.
  
          Returns
          -------
          ax : `~.axes.Axes` object or array of Axes objects.
              *ax* can be either a single `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` object or
              an array of Axes objects if more than one subplot was created. The
              dimensions of the resulting array can be controlled with the
              squeeze keyword, see above.
  
          See Also
          --------
          .pyplot.subplots
          .Figure.add_subplot
          .pyplot.subplot
          """
  
          figure = self.figure
  
          if figure is None:
              raise ValueError("GridSpec.subplots() only works for GridSpecs "
                               "created with a parent figure")
  
          if isinstance(sharex, bool):
              sharex = "all" if sharex else "none"
          if isinstance(sharey, bool):
              sharey = "all" if sharey else "none"
          # This check was added because it is very easy to type
          # `subplots(1, 2, 1)` when `subplot(1, 2, 1)` was intended.
          # In most cases, no error will ever occur, but mysterious behavior
          # will result because what was intended to be the subplot index is
          # instead treated as a bool for sharex.
          if isinstance(sharex, Integral):
              cbook._warn_external(
                  "sharex argument to subplots() was an integer.  Did you "
                  "intend to use subplot() (without 's')?")
          cbook._check_in_list(["all", "row", "col", "none"],
                               sharex=sharex, sharey=sharey)
          if subplot_kw is None:
              subplot_kw = {}
          # don't mutate kwargs passed by user...
          subplot_kw = subplot_kw.copy()
  
          # Create array to hold all axes.
          axarr = np.empty((self._nrows, self._ncols), dtype=object)
          for row in range(self._nrows):
              for col in range(self._ncols):
                  shared_with = {"none": None, "all": axarr[0, 0],
                                 "row": axarr[row, 0], "col": axarr[0, col]}
                  subplot_kw["sharex"] = shared_with[sharex]
                  subplot_kw["sharey"] = shared_with[sharey]
                  axarr[row, col] = figure.add_subplot(
                      self[row, col], **subplot_kw)
  
          # turn off redundant tick labeling
          if sharex in ["col", "all"]:
              # turn off all but the bottom row
              for ax in axarr[:-1, :].flat:
                  ax.xaxis.set_tick_params(which='both',
                                           labelbottom=False, labeltop=False)
                  ax.xaxis.offsetText.set_visible(False)
          if sharey in ["row", "all"]:
              # turn off all but the first column
              for ax in axarr[:, 1:].flat:
                  ax.yaxis.set_tick_params(which='both',
                                           labelleft=False, labelright=False)
                  ax.yaxis.offsetText.set_visible(False)
  
          if squeeze:
              # Discarding unneeded dimensions that equal 1.  If we only have one
              # subplot, just return it instead of a 1-element array.
              return axarr.item() if axarr.size == 1 else axarr.squeeze()
          else:
              # Returned axis array will be always 2-d, even if nrows=ncols=1.
              return axarr
  
  
  class GridSpec(GridSpecBase):
      """
      A grid layout to place subplots within a figure.
  
      The location of the grid cells is determined in a similar way to
      `~.figure.SubplotParams` using *left*, *right*, *top*, *bottom*, *wspace*
      and *hspace*.
      """
      def __init__(self, nrows, ncols, figure=None,
                   left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None,
                   wspace=None, hspace=None,
                   width_ratios=None, height_ratios=None):
          """
          Parameters
          ----------
          nrows, ncols : int
              The number of rows and columns of the grid.
  
          figure : `~.figure.Figure`, optional
              Only used for constrained layout to create a proper layoutbox.
  
          left, right, top, bottom : float, optional
              Extent of the subplots as a fraction of figure width or height.
              Left cannot be larger than right, and bottom cannot be larger than
              top. If not given, the values will be inferred from a figure or
              rcParams at draw time. See also `GridSpec.get_subplot_params`.
  
          wspace : float, optional
              The amount of width reserved for space between subplots,
              expressed as a fraction of the average axis width.
              If not given, the values will be inferred from a figure or
              rcParams when necessary. See also `GridSpec.get_subplot_params`.
  
          hspace : float, optional
              The amount of height reserved for space between subplots,
              expressed as a fraction of the average axis height.
              If not given, the values will be inferred from a figure or
              rcParams when necessary. See also `GridSpec.get_subplot_params`.
  
          width_ratios : array-like of length *ncols*, optional
              Defines the relative widths of the columns. Each column gets a
              relative width of ``width_ratios[i] / sum(width_ratios)``.
              If not given, all columns will have the same width.
  
          height_ratios : array-like of length *nrows*, optional
              Defines the relative heights of the rows. Each column gets a
              relative height of ``height_ratios[i] / sum(height_ratios)``.
              If not given, all rows will have the same height.
  
          """
          self.left = left
          self.bottom = bottom
          self.right = right
          self.top = top
          self.wspace = wspace
          self.hspace = hspace
          self.figure = figure
  
          GridSpecBase.__init__(self, nrows, ncols,
                                width_ratios=width_ratios,
                                height_ratios=height_ratios)
  
          if self.figure is None or not self.figure.get_constrained_layout():
              self._layoutbox = None
          else:
              self.figure.init_layoutbox()
              self._layoutbox = layoutbox.LayoutBox(
                  parent=self.figure._layoutbox,
                  name='gridspec' + layoutbox.seq_id(),
                  artist=self)
          # by default the layoutbox for a gridspec will fill a figure.
          # but this can change below if the gridspec is created from a
          # subplotspec. (GridSpecFromSubplotSpec)
  
      _AllowedKeys = ["left", "bottom", "right", "top", "wspace", "hspace"]
  
      def __getstate__(self):
          return {**self.__dict__, "_layoutbox": None}
  
      def update(self, **kwargs):
          """
          Update the subplot parameters of the grid.
  
          Parameters that are not explicitly given are not changed. Setting a
          parameter to *None* resets it to :rc:`figure.subplot.*`.
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          left, right, top, bottom : float or None, optional
              Extent of the subplots as a fraction of figure width or height.
          wspace, hspace : float, optional
              Spacing between the subplots as a fraction of the average subplot
              width / height.
          """
          for k, v in kwargs.items():
              if k in self._AllowedKeys:
                  setattr(self, k, v)
              else:
                  raise AttributeError(f"{k} is an unknown keyword")
          for figmanager in _pylab_helpers.Gcf.figs.values():
              for ax in figmanager.canvas.figure.axes:
                  # copied from Figure.subplots_adjust
                  if not isinstance(ax, mpl.axes.SubplotBase):
                      # Check if sharing a subplots axis
                      if isinstance(ax._sharex, mpl.axes.SubplotBase):
                          if ax._sharex.get_subplotspec().get_gridspec() == self:
                              ax._sharex.update_params()
                              ax._set_position(ax._sharex.figbox)
                      elif isinstance(ax._sharey, mpl.axes.SubplotBase):
                          if ax._sharey.get_subplotspec().get_gridspec() == self:
                              ax._sharey.update_params()
                              ax._set_position(ax._sharey.figbox)
                  else:
                      ss = ax.get_subplotspec().get_topmost_subplotspec()
                      if ss.get_gridspec() == self:
                          ax.update_params()
                          ax._set_position(ax.figbox)
  
      def get_subplot_params(self, figure=None):
          """
          Return the `~.SubplotParams` for the GridSpec.
  
          In order of precedence the values are taken from
  
          - non-*None* attributes of the GridSpec
          - the provided *figure*
          - :rc:`figure.subplot.*`
          """
          if figure is None:
              kw = {k: rcParams["figure.subplot."+k] for k in self._AllowedKeys}
              subplotpars = mpl.figure.SubplotParams(**kw)
          else:
              subplotpars = copy.copy(figure.subplotpars)
  
          subplotpars.update(**{k: getattr(self, k) for k in self._AllowedKeys})
  
          return subplotpars
  
      def locally_modified_subplot_params(self):
          """
          Return a list of the names of the subplot parameters explicitly set
          in the GridSpec.
  
          This is a subset of the attributes of `.SubplotParams`.
          """
          return [k for k in self._AllowedKeys if getattr(self, k)]
  
      def tight_layout(self, figure, renderer=None,
                       pad=1.08, h_pad=None, w_pad=None, rect=None):
          """
          Adjust subplot parameters to give specified padding.
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          pad : float
              Padding between the figure edge and the edges of subplots, as a
              fraction of the font-size.
          h_pad, w_pad : float, optional
              Padding (height/width) between edges of adjacent subplots.
              Defaults to *pad*.
          rect : tuple of 4 floats, default: (0, 0, 1, 1), i.e. the whole figure
              (left, bottom, right, top) rectangle in normalized figure
              coordinates that the whole subplots area (including labels) will
              fit into.
          """
  
          subplotspec_list = tight_layout.get_subplotspec_list(
              figure.axes, grid_spec=self)
          if None in subplotspec_list:
              cbook._warn_external("This figure includes Axes that are not "
                                   "compatible with tight_layout, so results "
                                   "might be incorrect.")
  
          if renderer is None:
              renderer = tight_layout.get_renderer(figure)
  
          kwargs = tight_layout.get_tight_layout_figure(
              figure, figure.axes, subplotspec_list, renderer,
              pad=pad, h_pad=h_pad, w_pad=w_pad, rect=rect)
          if kwargs:
              self.update(**kwargs)
  
  
  class GridSpecFromSubplotSpec(GridSpecBase):
      """
      GridSpec whose subplot layout parameters are inherited from the
      location specified by a given SubplotSpec.
      """
      def __init__(self, nrows, ncols,
                   subplot_spec,
                   wspace=None, hspace=None,
                   height_ratios=None, width_ratios=None):
          """
          The number of rows and number of columns of the grid need to
          be set. An instance of SubplotSpec is also needed to be set
          from which the layout parameters will be inherited. The wspace
          and hspace of the layout can be optionally specified or the
          default values (from the figure or rcParams) will be used.
          """
          self._wspace = wspace
          self._hspace = hspace
          self._subplot_spec = subplot_spec
          self.figure = self._subplot_spec.get_gridspec().figure
          GridSpecBase.__init__(self, nrows, ncols,
                                width_ratios=width_ratios,
                                height_ratios=height_ratios)
          # do the layoutboxes
          subspeclb = subplot_spec._layoutbox
          if subspeclb is None:
              self._layoutbox = None
          else:
              # OK, this is needed to divide the figure.
              self._layoutbox = subspeclb.layout_from_subplotspec(
                      subplot_spec,
                      name=subspeclb.name + '.gridspec' + layoutbox.seq_id(),
                      artist=self)
  
      def get_subplot_params(self, figure=None):
          """Return a dictionary of subplot layout parameters."""
          hspace = (self._hspace if self._hspace is not None
                    else figure.subplotpars.hspace if figure is not None
                    else rcParams["figure.subplot.hspace"])
          wspace = (self._wspace if self._wspace is not None
                    else figure.subplotpars.wspace if figure is not None
                    else rcParams["figure.subplot.wspace"])
  
          figbox = self._subplot_spec.get_position(figure)
          left, bottom, right, top = figbox.extents
  
          return mpl.figure.SubplotParams(left=left, right=right,
                                          bottom=bottom, top=top,
                                          wspace=wspace, hspace=hspace)
  
      def get_topmost_subplotspec(self):
          """
          Return the topmost `.SubplotSpec` instance associated with the subplot.
          """
          return self._subplot_spec.get_topmost_subplotspec()
  
  
  class SubplotSpec:
      """
      Specifies the location of a subplot in a `GridSpec`.
  
      .. note::
  
          Likely, you'll never instantiate a `SubplotSpec` yourself. Instead you
          will typically obtain one from a `GridSpec` using item-access.
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      gridspec : `~matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec`
          The GridSpec, which the subplot is referencing.
      num1, num2 : int
          The subplot will occupy the num1-th cell of the given
          gridspec.  If num2 is provided, the subplot will span between
          num1-th cell and num2-th cell *inclusive*.
  
          The index starts from 0.
      """
      def __init__(self, gridspec, num1, num2=None):
          self._gridspec = gridspec
          self.num1 = num1
          self.num2 = num2
          if gridspec._layoutbox is not None:
              glb = gridspec._layoutbox
              # So note that here we don't assign any layout yet,
              # just make the layoutbox that will contain all items
              # associated w/ this axis.  This can include other axes like
              # a colorbar or a legend.
              self._layoutbox = layoutbox.LayoutBox(
                      parent=glb,
                      name=glb.name + '.ss' + layoutbox.seq_id(),
                      artist=self)
          else:
              self._layoutbox = None
  
      def __repr__(self):
          return (f"{self.get_gridspec()}["
                  f"{self.rowspan.start}:{self.rowspan.stop}, "
                  f"{self.colspan.start}:{self.colspan.stop}]")
  
      @staticmethod
      def _from_subplot_args(figure, args):
          """
          Construct a `.SubplotSpec` from a parent `.Figure` and either
  
          - a `.SubplotSpec` -- returned as is;
          - one or three numbers -- a MATLAB-style subplot specifier.
          """
          message = ("Passing non-integers as three-element position "
                     "specification is deprecated since %(since)s and will be "
                     "removed %(removal)s.")
          if len(args) == 1:
              arg, = args
              if isinstance(arg, SubplotSpec):
                  return arg
              else:
                  if not isinstance(arg, Integral):
                      cbook.warn_deprecated("3.3", message=message)
                      arg = str(arg)
                  try:
                      rows, cols, num = map(int, str(arg))
                  except ValueError:
                      raise ValueError(
                          f"Single argument to subplot must be a three-digit "
                          f"integer, not {arg}") from None
                  # num - 1 for converting from MATLAB to python indexing
                  return GridSpec(rows, cols, figure=figure)[num - 1]
          elif len(args) == 3:
              rows, cols, num = args
              if not (isinstance(rows, Integral) and isinstance(cols, Integral)):
                  cbook.warn_deprecated("3.3", message=message)
                  rows, cols = map(int, [rows, cols])
              gs = GridSpec(rows, cols, figure=figure)
              if isinstance(num, tuple) and len(num) == 2:
                  if not all(isinstance(n, Integral) for n in num):
                      cbook.warn_deprecated("3.3", message=message)
                      i, j = map(int, num)
                  else:
                      i, j = num
                  return gs[i-1:j]
              else:
                  if not isinstance(num, Integral):
                      cbook.warn_deprecated("3.3", message=message)
                      num = int(num)
                  if num < 1 or num > rows*cols:
                      raise ValueError(
                          f"num must be 1 <= num <= {rows*cols}, not {num}")
                  return gs[num - 1]   # -1 due to MATLAB indexing.
          else:
              raise TypeError(f"subplot() takes 1 or 3 positional arguments but "
                              f"{len(args)} were given")
  
      # num2 is a property only to handle the case where it is None and someone
      # mutates num1.
  
      @property
      def num2(self):
          return self.num1 if self._num2 is None else self._num2
  
      @num2.setter
      def num2(self, value):
          self._num2 = value
  
      def __getstate__(self):
          return {**self.__dict__, "_layoutbox": None}
  
      def get_gridspec(self):
          return self._gridspec
  
      def get_geometry(self):
          """
          Return the subplot geometry as tuple ``(n_rows, n_cols, start, stop)``.
  
          The indices *start* and *stop* define the range of the subplot within
          the `GridSpec`. *stop* is inclusive (i.e. for a single cell
          ``start == stop``).
          """
          rows, cols = self.get_gridspec().get_geometry()
          return rows, cols, self.num1, self.num2
  
      @cbook.deprecated("3.3", alternative="rowspan, colspan")
      def get_rows_columns(self):
          """
          Return the subplot row and column numbers as a tuple
          ``(n_rows, n_cols, row_start, row_stop, col_start, col_stop)``.
          """
          gridspec = self.get_gridspec()
          nrows, ncols = gridspec.get_geometry()
          row_start, col_start = divmod(self.num1, ncols)
          row_stop, col_stop = divmod(self.num2, ncols)
          return nrows, ncols, row_start, row_stop, col_start, col_stop
  
      @property
      def rowspan(self):
          """The rows spanned by this subplot, as a `range` object."""
          ncols = self.get_gridspec().ncols
          return range(self.num1 // ncols, self.num2 // ncols + 1)
  
      @property
      def colspan(self):
          """The columns spanned by this subplot, as a `range` object."""
          ncols = self.get_gridspec().ncols
          # We explicitly support num2 refering to a column on num1's *left*, so
          # we must sort the column indices here so that the range makes sense.
          c1, c2 = sorted([self.num1 % ncols, self.num2 % ncols])
          return range(c1, c2 + 1)
  
      def get_position(self, figure, return_all=False):
          """
          Update the subplot position from ``figure.subplotpars``.
          """
          gridspec = self.get_gridspec()
          nrows, ncols = gridspec.get_geometry()
          rows, cols = np.unravel_index([self.num1, self.num2], (nrows, ncols))
          fig_bottoms, fig_tops, fig_lefts, fig_rights = \
              gridspec.get_grid_positions(figure)
  
          fig_bottom = fig_bottoms[rows].min()
          fig_top = fig_tops[rows].max()
          fig_left = fig_lefts[cols].min()
          fig_right = fig_rights[cols].max()
          figbox = Bbox.from_extents(fig_left, fig_bottom, fig_right, fig_top)
  
          if return_all:
              return figbox, rows[0], cols[0], nrows, ncols
          else:
              return figbox
  
      def get_topmost_subplotspec(self):
          """
          Return the topmost `SubplotSpec` instance associated with the subplot.
          """
          gridspec = self.get_gridspec()
          if hasattr(gridspec, "get_topmost_subplotspec"):
              return gridspec.get_topmost_subplotspec()
          else:
              return self
  
      def __eq__(self, other):
          """
          Two SubplotSpecs are considered equal if they refer to the same
          position(s) in the same `GridSpec`.
          """
          # other may not even have the attributes we are checking.
          return ((self._gridspec, self.num1, self.num2)
                  == (getattr(other, "_gridspec", object()),
                      getattr(other, "num1", object()),
                      getattr(other, "num2", object())))
  
      def __hash__(self):
          return hash((self._gridspec, self.num1, self.num2))
  
      def subgridspec(self, nrows, ncols, **kwargs):
          """
          Create a GridSpec within this subplot.
  
          The created `.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec` will have this `SubplotSpec` as
          a parent.
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          nrows : int
              Number of rows in grid.
  
          ncols : int
              Number or columns in grid.
  
          Returns
          -------
          `.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec`
  
          Other Parameters
          ----------------
          **kwargs
              All other parameters are passed to `.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec`.
  
          See Also
          --------
          matplotlib.pyplot.subplots
  
          Examples
          --------
          Adding three subplots in the space occupied by a single subplot::
  
              fig = plt.figure()
              gs0 = fig.add_gridspec(3, 1)
              ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs0[0])
              ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs0[1])
              gssub = gs0[2].subgridspec(1, 3)
              for i in range(3):
                  fig.add_subplot(gssub[0, i])
          """
          return GridSpecFromSubplotSpec(nrows, ncols, self, **kwargs)
  