text: --
  -- STRINGS
  -- Test various data entry syntaxes.
  --
  
  -- create required tables
  CREATE TABLE CHAR_STRINGS_TBL(f1 char(4));
  INSERT INTO CHAR_STRINGS_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a'),
  ('ab'),
  ('abcd'),
  ('abcd    ');
  
  CREATE TABLE VARCHAR_STRINGS_TBL(f1 varchar(4));
  INSERT INTO VARCHAR_STRINGS_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a'),
  ('ab'),
  ('abcd'),
  ('abcd    ');
  
  CREATE TABLE TEXT_STRINGS_TBL (f1 text);
  INSERT INTO TEXT_STRINGS_TBL VALUES ('doh!'),
  ('hi de ho neighbor');
  
  -- SQL92 string continuation syntax
  -- E021-03 character string literals
  SELECT 'first line'
  ' - next line'
  	' - third line'
  	AS "Three lines to one";
  
  -- illegal string continuation syntax
  SELECT 'first line'
  ' - next line' /* this comment is not allowed here */
  ' - third line'
  	AS "Illegal comment within continuation";
  
  -- bytea
  SET bytea_output TO hex;
  SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEf'::bytea;
  SELECT E'\\x De Ad Be Ef '::bytea;
  SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeE'::bytea;
  SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEx'::bytea;
  SELECT E'\\xDe00BeEf'::bytea;
  SELECT E'DeAdBeEf'::bytea;
  SELECT E'De\\000dBeEf'::bytea;
  SELECT E'De\123dBeEf'::bytea;
  SELECT E'De\\123dBeEf'::bytea;
  SELECT E'De\\678dBeEf'::bytea;
  
  SET bytea_output TO escape;
  SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEf'::bytea;
  SELECT E'\\x De Ad Be Ef '::bytea;
  SELECT E'\\xDe00BeEf'::bytea;
  SELECT E'DeAdBeEf'::bytea;
  SELECT E'De\\000dBeEf'::bytea;
  SELECT E'De\\123dBeEf'::bytea;
  
  --
  -- test conversions between various string types
  -- E021-10 implicit casting among the character data types
  --
  
  SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(char)" FROM CHAR_STRINGS_TBL ORDER BY 1;
  
  SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_STRINGS_TBL ORDER BY 1;
  
  SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS text) AS "text(name)";
  
  -- since this is an explicit cast, it should truncate w/o error:
  SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_STRINGS_TBL ORDER BY 1;
  -- note: implicit-cast case is tested in char.sql
  
  SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(20)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_STRINGS_TBL ORDER BY 1;
  
  SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_STRINGS_TBL ORDER BY 1;
  
  SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS char(10)) AS "char(name)";
  
  SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(text)" FROM TEXT_STRINGS_TBL ORDER BY 1;
  
  SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(char)" FROM CHAR_STRINGS_TBL ORDER BY 1;
  
  SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS varchar) AS "varchar(name)";
  
  --
  -- test SQL92 string functions
  -- E### and T### are feature reference numbers from SQL99
  --
  
  -- E021-09 trim function
  SELECT TRIM(BOTH FROM '  bunch o blanks  ') = 'bunch o blanks' AS "bunch o blanks";
  
  SELECT TRIM(LEADING FROM '  bunch o blanks  ') = 'bunch o blanks  ' AS "bunch o blanks  ";
  
  SELECT TRIM(TRAILING FROM '  bunch o blanks  ') = '  bunch o blanks' AS "  bunch o blanks";
  
  SELECT TRIM(BOTH 'x' FROM 'xxxxxsome Xsxxxxx') = 'some Xs' AS "some Xs";
  
  -- E021-06 substring expression
  SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 3) = '34567890' AS "34567890";
  
  SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 4 FOR 3) = '456' AS "456";
  
  -- T581 regular expression substring (with SQL99's bizarre regexp syntax)
  SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'a#"(b_d)#"%' FOR '#') AS "bcd";
  
  -- No match should return NULL
  SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM '#"(b_d)#"%' FOR '#') IS NULL AS "True";
  
  -- Null inputs should return NULL
  SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM '(b|c)' FOR NULL) IS NULL AS "True";
  SELECT SUBSTRING(NULL FROM '(b|c)' FOR '#') IS NULL AS "True";
  SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM NULL FOR '#') IS NULL AS "True";
  
  -- PostgreSQL extension to allow omitting the escape character;
  -- here the regexp is taken as Posix syntax
  SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'c.e') AS "cde";
  
  -- With a parenthesized subexpression, return only what matches the subexpr
  SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'b(.*)f') AS "cde";
  
  -- PostgreSQL extension to allow using back reference in replace string;
  SELECT regexp_replace('1112223333', E'(\\d{3})(\\d{3})(\\d{4})', E'(\\1) \\2-\\3');
  SELECT regexp_replace('AAA   BBB   CCC   ', E'\\s+', ' ', 'g');
  SELECT regexp_replace('AAA', '^|$', 'Z', 'g');
  SELECT regexp_replace('AAA aaa', 'A+', 'Z', 'gi');
  -- invalid regexp option
  SELECT regexp_replace('AAA aaa', 'A+', 'Z', 'z');
  
  -- set so we can tell NULL from empty string
  \pset null '\\N'
  
  -- return all matches from regexp
  SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$);
  
  -- test case insensitive
  SELECT regexp_matches('foObARbEqUEbAz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$, 'i');
  
  -- global option - more than one match
  SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebazilbarfbonk', $re$(b[^b]+)(b[^b]+)$re$, 'g');
  
  -- empty capture group (matched empty string)
  SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.*)(beque)$re$);
  -- no match
  SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.+)(beque)$re$);
  -- optional capture group did not match, null entry in array
  SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.+)?(beque)$re$);
  
  -- no capture groups
  SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$barbeque$re$);
  
  -- give me errors
  SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$, 'gz');
  SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(barbeque$re$);
  SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque){2,1}$re$);
  
  -- split string on regexp
  SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', $re$\s+$re$) AS foo;
  SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', $re$\s+$re$);
  
  SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$) AS foo;
  SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$);
  SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', '') AS foo;
  SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', '');
  -- case insensitive
  SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPed ovEr THE lazy dOG', 'e', 'i') AS foo;
  SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPed ovEr THE lazy dOG', 'e', 'i');
  -- no match of pattern
  SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', 'nomatch') AS foo;
  SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', 'nomatch');
  -- some corner cases
  SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','1');
  SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','6');
  SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','.');
  -- errors
  SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPed ovEr THE lazy dOG', 'e', 'zippy') AS foo;
  SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPed ovEr THE lazy dOG', 'e', 'iz');
  -- global option meaningless for regexp_split
  SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPed ovEr THE lazy dOG', 'e', 'g') AS foo;
  SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPed ovEr THE lazy dOG', 'e', 'g');
  
  -- change NULL-display back
  \pset null ''
  
  -- E021-11 position expression
  SELECT POSITION('4' IN '1234567890') = '4' AS "4";
  
  SELECT POSITION('5' IN '1234567890') = '5' AS "5";
  
  -- T312 character overlay function
  SELECT OVERLAY('abcdef' PLACING '45' FROM 4) AS "abc45f";
  
  SELECT OVERLAY('yabadoo' PLACING 'daba' FROM 5) AS "yabadaba";
  
  SELECT OVERLAY('yabadoo' PLACING 'daba' FROM 5 FOR 0) AS "yabadabadoo";
  
  SELECT OVERLAY('babosa' PLACING 'ubb' FROM 2 FOR 4) AS "bubba";
  
  --
  -- test LIKE
  -- Be sure to form every test as a LIKE/NOT LIKE pair.
  --
  
  -- simplest examples
  -- E061-04 like predicate
  SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' AS "true";
  SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'H%' AS "false";
  SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'H%' AS "true";
  
  SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'indio%' AS "false";
  SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'indio%' AS "true";
  
  SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%eye' AS "true";
  SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%eye' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' AS "true";
  SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in__o' AS "true";
  SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in__o' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in_o' AS "false";
  SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in_o' AS "true";
  
  -- unused escape character
  SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
  SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
  SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
  
  -- escape character
  -- E061-05 like predicate with escape clause
  SELECT 'h%' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
  SELECT 'h%' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
  SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
  
  SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
  SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'h%awkeye' LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
  SELECT 'h%awkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
  SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
  SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
  SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
  
  SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
  SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
  
  -- escape character same as pattern character
  SELECT 'maca' LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "true";
  SELECT 'maca' NOT LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'ma%a' LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "true";
  SELECT 'ma%a' NOT LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'bear' LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
  SELECT 'bear' NOT LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'be_r' LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
  SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'be_r' LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
  SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
  
  
  --
  -- test ILIKE (case-insensitive LIKE)
  -- Be sure to form every test as an ILIKE/NOT ILIKE pair.
  --
  
  SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true";
  SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%' AS "true";
  SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "true";
  SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "false";
  
  SELECT 'Hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true";
  SELECT 'Hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false";
  
  --
  -- test %/_ combination cases, cf bugs #4821 and #5478
  --
  
  SELECT 'foo' LIKE '_%' as t, 'f' LIKE '_%' as t, '' LIKE '_%' as f;
  SELECT 'foo' LIKE '%_' as t, 'f' LIKE '%_' as t, '' LIKE '%_' as f;
  
  SELECT 'foo' LIKE '__%' as t, 'foo' LIKE '___%' as t, 'foo' LIKE '____%' as f;
  SELECT 'foo' LIKE '%__' as t, 'foo' LIKE '%___' as t, 'foo' LIKE '%____' as f;
  
  SELECT 'jack' LIKE '%____%' AS t;
  
  
  --
  -- test implicit type conversion
  --
  
  -- E021-07 character concatenation
  SELECT 'unknown' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat unknown types";
  
  SELECT text 'text' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat text to unknown type";
  
  SELECT char(20) 'characters' || ' and text' AS "Concat char to unknown type";
  
  SELECT text 'text' || char(20) ' and characters' AS "Concat text to char";
  
  SELECT text 'text' || varchar ' and varchar' AS "Concat text to varchar";
  
  -- Test "unknown" from sub queries - MPP-2510
  select foo || 'bar'::text from (select 'bar' as foo) a;
  select foo || 'bar'::text from (select 'bar'::text as foo) a;
  select * from ( select 'a' as a) x join (select 'b' as b) y on a=b;
  
  -- Test "unknown" with typmod MPP-2658
  create table unknown_test (v varchar(20), n numeric(20, 2), t timestamp(2));
  insert into unknown_test select '100', '123.23', '2008-01-01 11:11:11';
  select 'foo'::varchar(10) || bar from (select 'bar' as bar) moo;
  select '123'::numeric(4,1) + bar from (select '123' as bar) baz;
  drop table unknown_test;
  
  -- Test nested "unknown"s from MPP-2689
  select 'foo'::text || foo from ( select foo from (select 4.5, foo from ( select
  1, 'foo' as foo) a ) b ) c;
  select 'foo'::text || foo from ( select foo from
   (select foo || bar as foo from ( select 'bar' as bar, 'foo' as foo) a ) b ) c;
  create domain u_d as text;
  prepare p1 as select $1::u_d || foo from (select 'foo' as foo) a;
  prepare p2 as select 'foo' || foo
  from (select $1::u_d || bar as foo from (select 'bar' as bar) a ) b;
  
  select 'a' as a, 'b' as b, 'c' as c, 1 as d union select * from (select 'a' as a, 'b' as b, 'c' as c, 1 as d)d;
  select * from (select 'a' as a, 'b' as b, 'c' as c, 1 as d)d union select 'a' as a, 'b' as b, 'c' as c, 1 as d;
  
  -- Make sure we can convert unknown to other useful types (MPP-4298)
  create table t as select j as a, 'abc' as i from
  generate_series(1, 10) j;
  select * from t order by a;
  alter table t alter i type int; -- should fail
  alter table t alter i type text; -- should work
  select * from t order by a;
  drop table t;
  
  --
  -- test substr with toasted text values
  --
  CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 text);
  
  insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
  insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
  
  --
  -- Ensure that some values are uncompressed, to test the faster substring
  -- operation used in that case
  --
  alter table toasttest alter column f1 set storage external;
  insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
  insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
  
  -- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
  -- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL92.
  SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
  
  -- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
  SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
  
  -- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
  -- string is assumed.
  SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
  
  -- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
  -- string length
  SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
  
  DROP TABLE toasttest;
  
  --
  -- test substr with toasted bytea values
  --
  CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 bytea);
  
  insert into toasttest values("decode"(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
  insert into toasttest values(pg_catalog.decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
  
  --
  -- Ensure that some values are uncompressed, to test the faster substring
  -- operation used in that case
  --
  alter table toasttest alter column f1 set storage external;
  insert into toasttest values("decode"(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
  insert into toasttest values(pg_catalog.decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
  
  -- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
  -- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL92.
  SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
  
  -- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
  SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
  
  -- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
  -- string is assumed.
  SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
  
  -- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
  -- string length
  SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
  
  DROP TABLE toasttest;
  
  -- test internally compressing datums
  
  -- this tests compressing a datum to a very small size which exercises a
  -- corner case in packed-varlena handling: even though small, the compressed
  -- datum must be given a 4-byte header because there are no bits to indicate
  -- compression in a 1-byte header
  
  CREATE TABLE toasttest (c char(4096));
  INSERT INTO toasttest VALUES('x');
  SELECT length(c), c::text FROM toasttest;
  SELECT c FROM toasttest;
  DROP TABLE toasttest;
  
  --
  -- test length
  --
  
  SELECT length('abcdef') AS "length_6";
  
  --
  -- test strpos
  --
  
  SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'cd') AS "pos_3";
  
  SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'xy') AS "pos_0";
  
  --
  -- test replace
  --
  SELECT replace('abcdef', 'de', '45') AS "abc45f";
  
  SELECT replace('yabadabadoo', 'ba', '123') AS "ya123da123doo";
  
  SELECT replace('yabadoo', 'bad', '') AS "yaoo";
  
  --
  -- test split_part
  --
  select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',0) AS "an error";
  
  select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',1) AS "joeuser";
  
  select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',2) AS "mydatabase";
  
  select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',3) AS "empty string";
  
  select split_part('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',2) AS "joeuser";
  
  --
  -- test to_hex
  --
  select to_hex(256*256*256 - 1) AS "ffffff";
  
  select to_hex(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "ffffffff";
  
  --
  -- MD5 test suite - from IETF RFC 1321
  -- (see: ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1321.txt)
  --
  select md5('') = 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5('a') = '0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5('abc') = '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5('message digest') = 'f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz') = 'c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789') = 'd174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5('12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890') = '57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5(''::bytea) = 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5('a'::bytea) = '0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5('abc'::bytea) = '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5('message digest'::bytea) = 'f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'::bytea) = 'c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789'::bytea) = 'd174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f' AS "TRUE";
  
  select md5('12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890'::bytea) = '57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a' AS "TRUE";
  
  --
  -- test behavior of escape_string_warning and standard_conforming_strings options
  --
  set escape_string_warning = off;
  set standard_conforming_strings = off;
  
  show escape_string_warning;
  show standard_conforming_strings;
  
  set escape_string_warning = on;
  set standard_conforming_strings = on;
  
  show escape_string_warning;
  show standard_conforming_strings;
  
  select 'a\bcd' as f1, 'a\b''cd' as f2, 'a\b''''cd' as f3, 'abcd\'   as f4, 'ab\''cd' as f5, '\\' as f6;
  
  set standard_conforming_strings = off;
  
  select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\'   as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as f6;
  
  set escape_string_warning = off;
  set standard_conforming_strings = on;
  
  select 'a\bcd' as f1, 'a\b''cd' as f2, 'a\b''''cd' as f3, 'abcd\'   as f4, 'ab\''cd' as f5, '\\' as f6;
  
  set standard_conforming_strings = off;
  
  select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\'   as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as f6;
  
  --
  -- test unicode escape
  --
  select E'A\u0041' as f1, E'\u0127' as f2;
  select E'\u0000';
  select E'\udsfs';
  select E'\uD843\uE001';
  select E'\uDC01';
  select E'\uD834';
  
  --
  -- Additional string functions
  --
  
  SELECT initcap('hi THOMAS');
  
  SELECT lpad('hi', 5, 'xy');
  SELECT lpad('hi', 5);
  SELECT lpad('hi', -5, 'xy');
  SELECT lpad('hello', 2);
  SELECT lpad('hi', 5, '');
  
  SELECT rpad('hi', 5, 'xy');
  SELECT rpad('hi', 5);
  SELECT rpad('hi', -5, 'xy');
  SELECT rpad('hello', 2);
  SELECT rpad('hi', 5, '');
  
  SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim', 'xyz');
  
  SELECT translate('', '14', 'ax');
  SELECT translate('12345', '14', 'ax');
  
  SELECT ascii('x');
  SELECT ascii('');
  
  SELECT chr(65);
  SELECT chr(0);
  
  SELECT repeat('Pg', 4);
  SELECT repeat('Pg', -4);
  
  SELECT trim(E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
  SELECT btrim(E'\\000trim\\000'::bytea, E'\\000'::bytea);
  SELECT btrim(''::bytea, E'\\000'::bytea);
  SELECT btrim(E'\\000trim\\000'::bytea, ''::bytea);
  
  
  -- Clean up GPDB-added tables
  DROP TABLE char_strings_tbl;
  DROP TABLE varchar_strings_tbl;
  DROP TABLE text_strings_tbl;
  