text: """Faust Application.
  
  An app is an instance of the Faust library.
  Everything starts here.
  
  """
  import asyncio
  import importlib
  import inspect
  import re
  import sys
  import typing
  import warnings
  
  from datetime import tzinfo
  from functools import wraps
  from itertools import chain
  from typing import (
      Any,
      AsyncIterable,
      Awaitable,
      Callable,
      ClassVar,
      ContextManager,
      Dict,
      Iterable,
      Iterator,
      List,
      Mapping,
      MutableMapping,
      MutableSequence,
      Optional,
      Pattern,
      Set,
      Tuple,
      Type,
      Union,
      cast,
  )
  
  import opentracing
  
  from mode import Seconds, Service, ServiceT, SupervisorStrategyT, want_seconds
  from mode.utils.aiter import aiter
  from mode.utils.collections import force_mapping
  from mode.utils.contexts import nullcontext
  from mode.utils.futures import stampede
  from mode.utils.imports import import_from_cwd, smart_import
  from mode.utils.logging import flight_recorder, get_logger
  from mode.utils.objects import cached_property, qualname, shortlabel
  from mode.utils.typing import NoReturn
  from mode.utils.queues import FlowControlEvent, ThrowableQueue
  from mode.utils.types.trees import NodeT
  
  from faust import transport
  from faust.agents import (
      AgentFun,
      AgentManager,
      AgentT,
      ReplyConsumer,
      SinkT,
  )
  from faust.channels import Channel, ChannelT
  from faust.exceptions import ConsumerNotStarted, ImproperlyConfigured, SameNode
  from faust.fixups import FixupT, fixups
  from faust.sensors import Monitor, SensorDelegate
  from faust.utils import cron, venusian
  from faust.utils.tracing import (
      call_with_trace,
      noop_span,
      operation_name_from_fun,
      set_current_span,
      traced_from_parent_span,
  )
  from faust.web import drivers as web_drivers
  from faust.web.cache import backends as cache_backends
  from faust.web.views import View
  
  from faust.types._env import STRICT
  from faust.types.app import AppT, BootStrategyT, TaskArg
  from faust.types.assignor import LeaderAssignorT, PartitionAssignorT
  from faust.types.codecs import CodecArg
  from faust.types.core import HeadersArg, K, V
  from faust.types.enums import ProcessingGuarantee
  from faust.types.models import ModelArg
  from faust.types.router import RouterT
  from faust.types.serializers import RegistryT
  from faust.types.settings import Settings as _Settings
  from faust.types.streams import StreamT
  from faust.types.tables import CollectionT, TableManagerT, TableT
  from faust.types.topics import TopicT
  from faust.types.transports import (
      ConductorT,
      ConsumerT,
      ProducerT,
      TPorTopicSet,
      TransportT,
  )
  from faust.types.tuples import (
      MessageSentCallback,
      RecordMetadata,
      TP,
  )
  from faust.types.web import (
      CacheBackendT,
      HttpClientT,
      PageArg,
      Request,
      ResourceOptions,
      Response,
      ViewDecorator,
      ViewHandlerFun,
      Web,
  )
  from faust.types.windows import WindowT
  
  from ._attached import Attachments
  
  if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
      from faust.cli.base import AppCommand as _AppCommand
      from faust.livecheck import LiveCheck as _LiveCheck
      from faust.worker import Worker as _Worker
  else:
      class _AppCommand: ...  # noqa
      class _LiveCheck: ...   # noqa
      class _Worker: ...      # noqa
  
  __all__ = ['App', 'BootStrategy']
  
  logger = get_logger(__name__)
  
  #: Format string for ``repr(app)``.
  APP_REPR_FINALIZED = '''
  <{name}({c.id}): {c.broker} {s.state} agents({agents}) {id:#x}>
  '''.strip()
  
  APP_REPR_UNFINALIZED = '''
  <{name}: <non-finalized> {id:#x}>
  '''.strip()
  
  # Venusian (pypi): This is used for "autodiscovery" of user code,
  # CLI commands, and much more.
  # Named after same concept from Django: the Django Admin autodiscover function
  # that finds custom admin configuration in ``{app}/admin.py`` modules.
  
  SCAN_AGENT = 'faust.agent'
  SCAN_COMMAND = 'faust.command'
  SCAN_PAGE = 'faust.page'
  SCAN_SERVICE = 'faust.service'
  SCAN_TASK = 'faust.task'
  
  #: Default decorator categories for :pypi`venusian` to scan for when
  #: autodiscovering things like @app.agent decorators.
  SCAN_CATEGORIES: Iterable[str] = [
      SCAN_AGENT,
      SCAN_COMMAND,
      SCAN_PAGE,
      SCAN_SERVICE,
      SCAN_TASK,
  ]
  
  #: List of regular expressions for :pypi:`venusian` that acts as a filter
  #: for modules that :pypi:`venusian` should ignore when autodiscovering
  #: decorators.
  SCAN_IGNORE: Iterable[Any] = [
      re.compile('test_.*').search,
      '.__main__',
  ]
  
  E_NEED_ORIGIN = '''
  `origin` argument to faust.App is mandatory when autodiscovery enabled.
  
  This parameter sets the canonical path to the project package,
  and describes how a user, or program can find it on the command-line when using
  the `faust -A project` option.  It's also used as the default package
  to scan when autodiscovery is enabled.
  
  If your app is defined in a module: ``project/app.py``, then the
  origin will be "project":
  
      # file: project/app.py
      import faust
  
      app = faust.App(
          id='myid',
          origin='project',
      )
  '''
  
  W_OPTION_DEPRECATED = '''\
  Argument {old!r} is deprecated and scheduled for removal in Faust 1.0.
  
  Please use {new!r} instead.
  '''
  
  W_DEPRECATED_SHARD_PARAM = '''\
  The second argument to `@table_route` is deprecated,
  please use the `query_param` keyword argument instead.
  '''
  
  # @app.task decorator may be called in several ways:
  #
  # 1) Without parens:
  #    @app.task
  #    async def foo():
  #
  # 2) With parens:
  #   @app.task()
  #
  # 3) With parens and arguments
  #   @app.task(on_leader=True)
  #
  # This means @app.task attempts to do the right thing depending
  # on how it's used. All the frameworks do this, but we have to also type it.
  TaskDecoratorRet = Union[
      Callable[[TaskArg], TaskArg],
      TaskArg,
  ]
  
  
  class BootStrategy(BootStrategyT):
      """App startup strategy.
  
      The startup strategy defines the graph of services
      to start when the Faust worker for an app starts.
      """
  
      enable_kafka: bool = True
      # We want these to take default from `enable_kafka`
      # attribute, but still want to allow subclasses to define
      # them like this:
      #   class MyBoot(BootStrategy):
      #       enable_kafka_consumer = False
      enable_kafka_consumer: Optional[bool] = None
      enable_kafka_producer: Optional[bool] = None
  
      enable_web: Optional[bool] = None
      enable_sensors: bool = True
  
      def __init__(self, app: AppT, *,
                   enable_web: bool = None,
                   enable_kafka: bool = None,
                   enable_kafka_producer: bool = None,
                   enable_kafka_consumer: bool = None,
                   enable_sensors: bool = None) -> None:
          self.app = app
  
          if enable_kafka is not None:
              self.enable_kafka = enable_kafka
          if enable_kafka_producer is not None:
              self.enable_kafka_producer = enable_kafka_producer
          if enable_kafka_consumer is not None:
              self.enable_kafka_consumer = enable_kafka_consumer
          if enable_web is not None:
              self.enable_web = enable_web
          if enable_sensors is not None:
              self.enable_sensors = enable_sensors
  
      def server(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return services to start when app is in default mode."""
          return self._chain(
              # Sensors (Sensor): always start first and stop last.
              self.sensors(),
              # Producer: always stop after Consumer.
              self.kafka_producer(),
              # Web
              self.web_server(),
              # Consumer: always stop after Conductor
              self.kafka_consumer(),
              # AgentManager starts agents (app.agents)
              self.agents(),
              # Conductor (transport.Conductor))
              self.kafka_conductor(),
              # Table Manager (app.TableManager)
              self.tables(),
          )
  
      def client_only(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return services to start when app is in client_only mode."""
          return self._chain(
              self.kafka_producer(),
              self.kafka_client_consumer(),
              self.kafka_conductor(),
              [self.app._fetcher],
          )
  
      def producer_only(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return services to start when app is in producer_only mode."""
          return self._chain(
              self.web_server(),
              self.kafka_producer(),
          )
  
      def _chain(self, *arguments: Iterable[ServiceT]) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          return cast(Iterable[ServiceT], chain(*arguments))
  
      def sensors(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return list of services required to start sensors."""
          if self.enable_sensors:
              return self.app.sensors
          return []
  
      def kafka_producer(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return list of services required to start Kafka producer."""
          if self._should_enable_kafka_producer():
              return [self.app.producer]
          return []
  
      def _should_enable_kafka_producer(self) -> bool:
          if self.enable_kafka_producer is None:
              return self.enable_kafka
          return self.enable_kafka_producer
  
      def kafka_consumer(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return list of services required to start Kafka consumer."""
          if self._should_enable_kafka_consumer():
              return [
                  self.app.consumer,
                  # Leader Assignor (assignor.LeaderAssignor)
                  self.app._leader_assignor,
                  # Reply Consumer (ReplyConsumer)
                  self.app._reply_consumer,
              ]
          return []
  
      def _should_enable_kafka_consumer(self) -> bool:
          if self.enable_kafka_consumer is None:
              return self.enable_kafka
          return self.enable_kafka_consumer
  
      def kafka_client_consumer(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return list of services required to start Kafka client consumer."""
          return [
              self.app.consumer,
              self.app._reply_consumer,
          ]
  
      def agents(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return list of services required to start agents."""
          return [self.app.agents]
  
      def kafka_conductor(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return list of services required to start Kafka conductor."""
          if self._should_enable_kafka_consumer():
              return [self.app.topics]
          return []
  
      def web_server(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return list of web-server services."""
          if self._should_enable_web():
              return list(self.web_components()) + [self.app.web]
          return []
  
      def _should_enable_web(self) -> bool:
          if self.enable_web is None:
              return self.app.conf.web_enabled
          return self.enable_web
  
      def web_components(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return list of web-related services (excluding web server)."""
          return [self.app.cache]
  
      def tables(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return list of table-related services."""
          return [self.app.tables]
  
  
  class App(AppT, Service):
      """Faust Application.
  
      Arguments:
          id (str): Application ID.
  
      Keyword Arguments:
          loop (asyncio.AbstractEventLoop): optional event loop to use.
  
      See Also:
          :ref:`application-configuration` -- for supported keyword arguments.
  
      """
      SCAN_CATEGORIES: ClassVar[List[str]] = list(SCAN_CATEGORIES)
  
      BootStrategy = BootStrategy
      Settings = _Settings
  
      #: Set this to True if app should only start the services required to
      #: operate as an RPC client (producer and simple reply consumer).
      client_only = False
  
      #: Set this to True if app should run without consumer/tables.
      producer_only = False
  
      #: Source of configuration: ``app.conf`` (when configured)
      _conf: Optional[_Settings] = None
  
      #: Original configuration source object.
      _config_source: Any = None
  
      # Default consumer instance.
      _consumer: Optional[ConsumerT] = None
  
      # Default producer instance.
      _producer: Optional[ProducerT] = None
  
      # Consumer transport is created on demand:
      # use `.transport` property.
      _transport: Optional[TransportT] = None
  
      # Producer transport is created on demand:
      # use `.producer_transport` property.
      _producer_transport: Optional[TransportT] = None
  
      # Cache is created on demand: use `.cache` property.
      _cache: Optional[CacheBackendT] = None
  
      # Monitor is created on demand: use `.monitor` property.
      _monitor: Optional[Monitor] = None
  
      # @app.task decorator adds asyncio tasks to be started
      # with the app here.
      _tasks: MutableSequence[Callable[[], Awaitable]]
  
      _http_client: Optional[HttpClientT] = None
  
      _extra_services: List[ServiceT]
      _extra_service_instances: Optional[List[ServiceT]] = None
  
      # See faust/app/_attached.py
      _attachments: Attachments
  
      _on_revoked_timeout = None
  
      #: Current assignment
      _assignment: Optional[Set[TP]] = None
  
      #: Optional tracing support.
      tracer: Optional[Any] = None
      _rebalancing_span: Optional[opentracing.Span] = None
      _rebalancing_sensor_state: Optional[Dict] = None
  
      def __init__(self,
                   id: str,
                   *,
                   monitor: Monitor = None,
                   config_source: Any = None,
                   loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = None,
                   beacon: NodeT = None,
                   **options: Any) -> None:
          # This is passed to the configuration in self.conf
          self._default_options = (id, options)
  
          # The agent manager manages all agents.
          self.agents = AgentManager(self)
  
          # Sensors monitor Faust using a standard sensor API.
          self.sensors = SensorDelegate(self)
  
          # this is a local hack we use until we have proper
          # transactions support in the Python Kafka Client
          # and can have "exactly once" semantics.
          self._attachments = Attachments(self)
  
          # "The Monitor" is a special sensor that provides detailed stats
          # for the web server.
          self._monitor = monitor
  
          # Any additional asyncio.Task's specified using @app.task decorator.
          self._tasks = []
  
          # Called as soon as the a worker is fully operational.
          self.on_startup_finished: Optional[Callable] = None
  
          # Any additional services added using the @app.service decorator.
          self._extra_services = []
  
          # The configuration source object/module passed to ``config_by_object``
          # for introspectio purposes.
          self._config_source = config_source
  
          # create default sender for signals such as self.on_configured
          self._init_signals()
  
          # initialize fixups (automatically applied extensions,
          # such as Django integration).
          self.fixups = self._init_fixups()
  
          self.boot_strategy = self.BootStrategy(self)
  
          Service.__init__(self, loop=loop, beacon=beacon)
  
      def _init_signals(self) -> None:
          # Signals in Faust are the same as in Django, but asynchronous by
          # default (:class:`mode.SyncSignal` is the normal ``def`` version)).
          #
          # Signals in Faust are usually local to the app instance::
          #
          #  @app.on_before_configured.connect  # <-- only sent by this app
          #  def on_before_configured(self):
          #    ...
          #
          # In Django signals are usually global, and an easter-egg
          # provides this in Faust also::
          #
          #    V---- NOTE upper case A in App
          #   @App.on_before_configured.connect  # <-- sent by ALL apps
          #   def on_before_configured(app):
          #
          # Note: Signals are local-only, and cannot do anything to other
          # processes or machines.
          self.on_before_configured = (
              self.on_before_configured.with_default_sender(self))
          self.on_configured = self.on_configured.with_default_sender(self)
          self.on_after_configured = (
              self.on_after_configured.with_default_sender(self))
          self.on_partitions_assigned = (
              self.on_partitions_assigned.with_default_sender(self))
          self.on_partitions_revoked = (
              self.on_partitions_revoked.with_default_sender(self))
          self.on_worker_init = self.on_worker_init.with_default_sender(self)
          self.on_rebalance_complete = (
              self.on_rebalance_complete.with_default_sender(self))
          self.on_before_shutdown = (
              self.on_before_shutdown.with_default_sender(self))
          self.on_produce_message = (
              self.on_produce_message.with_default_sender(self))
  
      def _init_fixups(self) -> MutableSequence[FixupT]:
          # Returns list of "fixups"
          # Fixups are small additional patches we apply when certain
          # platforms or frameworks are present.
          #
          # One example is the Django fixup, responsible for Django integration
          # whenever the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable is
          # set. See faust/fixups/django.py, it's not complicated - using
          # setuptools entry points you can very easily create extensions that
          # are automatically enabled by installing a PyPI package with
          # `pip install myname`.
          return list(fixups(self))
  
      def on_init_dependencies(self) -> Iterable[ServiceT]:
          """Return list of additional service dependencies.
  
          The services returned will be started with the
          app when the app starts.
          """
          # Add the main Monitor sensor.
          # The beacon is also reattached in case the monitor
          # was created by the user.
          self.monitor.beacon.reattach(self.beacon)
          self.monitor.loop = self.loop
          self.sensors.add(self.monitor)
  
          if self.producer_only:
              return self.boot_strategy.producer_only()
          elif self.client_only:
              return self.boot_strategy.client_only()
          else:
              return self.boot_strategy.server()
  
      async def on_first_start(self) -> None:
          """Call first time app starts in this process."""
          self._create_directories()
  
      async def on_start(self) -> None:
          """Call every time app start/restarts."""
          self.finalize()
          if self.conf.debug:
              logger.warning(
                  '!!! DEBUG is enabled -- disable for production environments')
  
      async def on_started(self) -> None:
          """Call when app is fully started."""
          # Wait for table recovery to complete (returns True if app stopped)
          if not await self._wait_for_table_recovery_completed():
              # Add all asyncio.Tasks, like timers, etc.
              await self.on_started_init_extra_tasks()
  
              # Start user-provided services.
              await self.on_started_init_extra_services()
  
              # Call the app-is-fully-started callback used by Worker
              # to print the "ready" message that signals to the user that
              # the worker is ready to start processing.
              if self.on_startup_finished:
                  await self.on_startup_finished()
  
      async def _wait_for_table_recovery_completed(self) -> bool:
          if (self.tables.recovery.started and not
                  self.producer_only and not self.client_only):
              return await self.wait_for_stopped(self.tables.recovery.completed)
          return False
  
      async def on_started_init_extra_tasks(self) -> None:
          """Call when started to start additional tasks."""
          for task in self._tasks:
              self.add_future(task())
  
      async def on_started_init_extra_services(self) -> None:
          """Call when initializing extra services at startup."""
          if self._extra_service_instances is None:
              # instantiate the services added using the @app.service decorator.
              self._extra_service_instances = [
                  await self.on_init_extra_service(service)
                  for service in self._extra_services
              ]
  
      async def on_init_extra_service(
              self, service: Union[ServiceT, Type[ServiceT]]) -> ServiceT:
          """Call when adding user services to this app."""
          s: ServiceT = self._prepare_subservice(service)
          # start the service now, or when the app is started.
          await self.add_runtime_dependency(s)
          return s
  
      def _prepare_subservice(
              self, service: Union[ServiceT, Type[ServiceT]]) -> ServiceT:
          if inspect.isclass(service):
              return service(loop=self.loop, beacon=self.beacon)
          return service
  
      def config_from_object(self,
                             obj: Any,
                             *,
                             silent: bool = False,
                             force: bool = False) -> None:
          """Read configuration from object.
  
          Object is either an actual object or the name of a module to import.
  
          Examples:
              >>> app.config_from_object('myproj.faustconfig')
  
              >>> from myproj import faustconfig
              >>> app.config_from_object(faustconfig)
  
          Arguments:
              silent (bool): If true then import errors will be ignored.
              force (bool): Force reading configuration immediately.
                  By default the configuration will be read only when required.
          """
          self._config_source = obj
          if self.finalized or self.configured:
              self.Settings._warn_already_configured()
          if force or self.configured:
              self._conf = None
              self._configure(silent=silent)
  
      def finalize(self) -> None:
          """Finalize app configuration."""
          # Finalization signals that the application have been configured
          # and is ready to use.
  
          # If you access configuration before an explicit call to
          # ``app.finalize()`` you will get an error.
          # The ``app.main`` entry point and the ``faust -A app`` command
          # both will automatically finalize the app for you.
          if not self.finalized:
              self.finalized = True
              id = self.conf.id
              if not id:
                  raise ImproperlyConfigured('App requires an id!')
  
      async def _maybe_close_http_client(self) -> None:
          if self._http_client:
              await self._http_client.close()
  
      def worker_init(self) -> None:
          """Init worker/CLI commands."""
          # This init is called by the `faust worker` command.
          for fixup in self.fixups:
              fixup.on_worker_init()
  
      def worker_init_post_autodiscover(self) -> None:
          """Init worker after autodiscover."""
          self.web.init_server()
          self.on_worker_init.send()
  
      def discover(self,
                   *extra_modules: str,
                   categories: Iterable[str] = None,
                   ignore: Iterable[Any] = SCAN_IGNORE) -> None:
          """Discover decorators in packages."""
          # based on autodiscovery in Django,
          # but finds @app.agent decorators, and so on.
          if categories is None:
              categories = self.SCAN_CATEGORIES
          modules = set(self._discovery_modules())
          modules |= set(extra_modules)
          for fixup in self.fixups:
              modules |= set(fixup.autodiscover_modules())
          if modules:
              scanner = venusian.Scanner()
              for name in modules:
                  try:
                      module = importlib.import_module(name)
                  except ModuleNotFoundError:
                      raise ModuleNotFoundError(
                          f'Unknown module {name} in App.conf.autodiscover list')
                  scanner.scan(
                      module,
                      ignore=ignore,
                      categories=tuple(categories),
                      onerror=self._on_autodiscovery_error,
                  )
  
      def _on_autodiscovery_error(self, name: str) -> None:
          logger.warning('Autodiscovery importing module %r raised error: %r',
                         name, sys.exc_info()[1], exc_info=1)
  
      def _discovery_modules(self) -> List[str]:
          modules: List[str] = []
          autodiscover = self.conf.autodiscover
          if autodiscover:
              if isinstance(autodiscover, bool):
                  if self.conf.origin is None:
                      raise ImproperlyConfigured(E_NEED_ORIGIN)
              elif callable(autodiscover):
                  modules.extend(
                      cast(Callable[[], Iterator[str]], autodiscover)())
              else:
                  modules.extend(autodiscover)
              if self.conf.origin:
                  modules.append(self.conf.origin)
          return modules
  
      def main(self) -> NoReturn:
          """Execute the :program:`faust` umbrella command using this app."""
          from faust.cli.faust import cli
          self.finalize()
          self.worker_init()
          if self.conf.autodiscover:
              self.discover()
          self.worker_init_post_autodiscover()
          cli(app=self)
          raise SystemExit(3451)  # for mypy: NoReturn
  
      def topic(self,
                *topics: str,
                pattern: Union[str, Pattern] = None,
                key_type: ModelArg = None,
                value_type: ModelArg = None,
                key_serializer: CodecArg = None,
                value_serializer: CodecArg = None,
                partitions: int = None,
                retention: Seconds = None,
                compacting: bool = None,
                deleting: bool = None,
                replicas: int = None,
                acks: bool = True,
                internal: bool = False,
                config: Mapping[str, Any] = None,
                maxsize: int = None,
                allow_empty: bool = False,
                loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = None) -> TopicT:
          """Create topic description.
  
          Topics are named channels (for example a Kafka topic),
          that exist on a server.  To make an ephemeral local communication
          channel use: :meth:`channel`.
  
          See Also:
              :class:`faust.topics.Topic`
          """
          return self.conf.Topic(
              self,
              topics=topics,
              pattern=pattern,
              key_type=key_type,
              value_type=value_type,
              key_serializer=key_serializer,
              value_serializer=value_serializer,
              partitions=partitions,
              retention=retention,
              compacting=compacting,
              deleting=deleting,
              replicas=replicas,
              acks=acks,
              internal=internal,
              config=config,
              allow_empty=allow_empty,
              loop=loop,
          )
  
      def channel(self,
                  *,
                  key_type: ModelArg = None,
                  value_type: ModelArg = None,
                  maxsize: int = None,
                  loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = None) -> ChannelT:
          """Create new channel.
  
          By default this will create an in-memory channel
          used for intra-process communication, but in practice
          channels can be backed by any transport (network or even means
          of inter-process communication).
  
          See Also:
              :class:`faust.channels.Channel`.
          """
          return Channel(
              self,
              key_type=key_type,
              value_type=value_type,
              maxsize=maxsize,
              loop=loop,
          )
  
      def agent(self,
                channel: Union[str, ChannelT] = None,
                *,
                name: str = None,
                concurrency: int = 1,
                supervisor_strategy: Type[SupervisorStrategyT] = None,
                sink: Iterable[SinkT] = None,
                isolated_partitions: bool = False,
                use_reply_headers: bool = False,
                **kwargs: Any) -> Callable[[AgentFun], AgentT]:
          """Create Agent from async def function.
  
          It can be a regular async function::
  
              @app.agent()
              async def my_agent(stream):
                  async for number in stream:
                      print(f'Received: {number!r}')
  
          Or it can be an async iterator that yields values.
          These values can be used as the reply in an RPC-style call,
          or for sinks: callbacks that forward events to
          other agents/topics/statsd, and so on::
  
              @app.agent(sink=[log_topic])
              async def my_agent(requests):
                  async for number in requests:
                      yield number * 2
  
          """
          def _inner(fun: AgentFun) -> AgentT:
              agent = self.conf.Agent(
                  fun,
                  name=name,
                  app=self,
                  channel=channel,
                  concurrency=concurrency,
                  supervisor_strategy=supervisor_strategy,
                  sink=sink,
                  isolated_partitions=isolated_partitions,
                  on_error=self._on_agent_error,
                  use_reply_headers=use_reply_headers,
                  help=fun.__doc__,
                  **kwargs)
              self.agents[agent.name] = agent
              venusian.attach(agent, category=SCAN_AGENT)
              return agent
  
          return _inner
  
      actor = agent  # XXX Compatibility alias: REMOVE FOR 1.0
  
      async def _on_agent_error(self, agent: AgentT, exc: BaseException) -> None:
          # See agent-errors in docs/userguide/agents.rst
          if self._consumer:
              try:
                  await self._consumer.on_task_error(exc)
              except MemoryError:
                  raise
              except Exception as exc:
                  self.log.exception('Consumer error callback raised: %r', exc)
  
      def task(self,
               fun: TaskArg = None,
               *,
               on_leader: bool = False,
               traced: bool = True) -> TaskDecoratorRet:
          """Define an async def function to be started with the app.
  
          This is like :meth:`timer` but a one-shot task only
          executed at worker startup (after recovery and the worker is
          fully ready for operation).
  
          The function may take zero, or one argument.
          If the target function takes an argument, the ``app`` argument
          is passed::
  
              >>> @app.task
              >>> async def on_startup(app):
              ...    print('STARTING UP: %r' % (app,))
  
          Nullary functions are also supported::
  
              >>> @app.task
              >>> async def on_startup():
              ...     print('STARTING UP')
          """
          def _inner(fun: TaskArg) -> TaskArg:
              return self._task(fun, on_leader=on_leader, traced=traced)
          return _inner(fun) if fun is not None else _inner
  
      def _task(self, fun: TaskArg,
                on_leader: bool = False,
                traced: bool = False,
                ) -> TaskArg:
          app = self
  
          @wraps(fun)
          async def _wrapped() -> None:
              should_run = app.is_leader() if on_leader else True
              if should_run:
                  with self.trace(shortlabel(fun), trace_enabled=traced):
                      # pass app only if decorated function takes an argument
                      if inspect.signature(fun).parameters:
                          task_takes_app = cast(Callable[[AppT], Awaitable], fun)
                          return await task_takes_app(app)
                      else:
                          task = cast(Callable[[], Awaitable], fun)
                          return await task()
  
          venusian.attach(_wrapped, category=SCAN_TASK)
          self._tasks.append(_wrapped)
          return _wrapped
  
      def timer(self, interval: Seconds,
                on_leader: bool = False,
                traced: bool = True,
                name: str = None,
                max_drift_correction: float = 0.1) -> Callable:
          """Define an async def function to be run at periodic intervals.
  
          Like :meth:`task`, but executes periodically until the worker
          is shut down.
  
          This decorator takes an async function and adds it to a
          list of timers started with the app.
  
          Arguments:
              interval (Seconds): How often the timer executes in seconds.
  
              on_leader (bool) = False: Should the timer only run on the leader?
  
          Example:
              >>> @app.timer(interval=10.0)
              >>> async def every_10_seconds():
              ...     print('TEN SECONDS JUST PASSED')
  
  
              >>> app.timer(interval=5.0, on_leader=True)
              >>> async def every_5_seconds():
              ...     print('FIVE SECONDS JUST PASSED. ALSO, I AM THE LEADER!')
          """
          interval_s = want_seconds(interval)
  
          def _inner(fun: TaskArg) -> TaskArg:
              timer_name = name or qualname(fun)
  
              @wraps(fun)
              async def around_timer(*args: Any) -> None:
                  async for sleep_time in self.itertimer(
                          interval_s,
                          name=timer_name,
                          max_drift_correction=max_drift_correction):
                      should_run = not on_leader or self.is_leader()
                      if should_run:
                          with self.trace(shortlabel(fun),
                                          trace_enabled=traced):
                              await fun(*args)  # type: ignore
  
              # If you call @app.task without parents the return value is:
              #    Callable[[TaskArg], TaskArg]
              # but we always call @app.task() - with parens, so return value is
              # always TaskArg.
              return cast(TaskArg, self.task(around_timer, traced=False))
  
          return _inner
  
      def crontab(self, cron_format: str, *,
                  timezone: tzinfo = None,
                  on_leader: bool = False,
                  traced: bool = True) -> Callable:
          """Define periodic task using Crontab description.
  
          This is an ``async def`` function to be run at the fixed times,
          defined by the Cron format.
  
          Like :meth:`timer`, but executes at fixed times instead of executing
          at certain intervals.
  
          This decorator takes an async function and adds it to a
          list of Cronjobs started with the app.
  
          Arguments:
              cron_format: The Cron spec defining fixed times to run the
                  decorated function.
  
          Keyword Arguments:
              timezone: The timezone to be taken into account for the Cron jobs.
                  If not set value from :setting:`timezone` will be taken.
  
              on_leader: Should the Cron job only run on the leader?
  
          Example:
              >>> @app.crontab(cron_format='30 18 * * *',
                               timezone=pytz.timezone('US/Pacific'))
              >>> async def every_6_30_pm_pacific():
              ...     print('IT IS 6:30pm')
  
  
              >>> app.crontab(cron_format='30 18 * * *', on_leader=True)
              >>> async def every_6_30_pm():
              ...     print('6:30pm UTC; ALSO, I AM THE LEADER!')
          """
          def _inner(fun: TaskArg) -> TaskArg:
              @wraps(fun)
              async def cron_starter(*args: Any) -> None:
                  _tz = self.conf.timezone if timezone is None else timezone
                  while not self.should_stop:
                      await self.sleep(cron.secs_for_next(cron_format, _tz))
                      if not self.should_stop:
                          should_run = not on_leader or self.is_leader()
                          if should_run:
                              with self.trace(shortlabel(fun),
                                              trace_enabled=traced):
                                  await fun(*args)  # type: ignore
  
              return cast(TaskArg, self.task(cron_starter, traced=False))
  
          return _inner
  
      def service(self, cls: Type[ServiceT]) -> Type[ServiceT]:
          """Decorate :class:`mode.Service` to be started with the app.
  
          Examples:
              .. sourcecode:: python
  
                  from mode import Service
  
                  @app.service
                  class Foo(Service):
                      ...
          """
          venusian.attach(cls, category=SCAN_SERVICE)
          self._extra_services.append(cls)
          return cls
  
      def is_leader(self) -> bool:
          """Return :const:`True` if we are in leader worker process."""
          return self._leader_assignor.is_leader()
  
      def stream(self,
                 channel: Union[AsyncIterable, Iterable],
                 beacon: NodeT = None,
                 **kwargs: Any) -> StreamT:
          """Create new stream from channel/topic/iterable/async iterable.
  
          Arguments:
              channel: Iterable to stream over (async or non-async).
  
              kwargs: See :class:`Stream`.
  
          Returns:
              faust.Stream:
                  to iterate over events in the stream.
          """
          return self.conf.Stream(
              app=self,
              channel=aiter(channel) if channel is not None else None,
              beacon=beacon or self.beacon,
              **kwargs)
  
      def Table(self,
                name: str,
                *,
                default: Callable[[], Any] = None,
                window: WindowT = None,
                partitions: int = None,
                help: str = None,
                **kwargs: Any) -> TableT:
          """Define new table.
  
          Arguments:
              name: Name used for table, note that two tables living in
                  the same application cannot have the same name.
  
              default: A callable, or type that will return a default value
                 for keys missing in this table.
              window: A windowing strategy to wrap this window in.
  
          Examples:
              >>> table = app.Table('user_to_amount', default=int)
              >>> table['George']
              0
              >>> table['Elaine'] += 1
              >>> table['Elaine'] += 1
              >>> table['Elaine']
              2
          """
          table = self.tables.add(
              self.conf.Table(
                  self,
                  name=name,
                  default=default,
                  beacon=self.beacon,
                  partitions=partitions,
                  help=help,
                  **kwargs))
          return table.using_window(window) if window else table
  
      def SetTable(self,
                   name: str,
                   *,
                   window: WindowT = None,
                   partitions: int = None,
                   start_manager: bool = False,
                   help: str = None,
                   **kwargs: Any) -> TableT:
          """Table of sets."""
          table = self.tables.add(
              self.conf.SetTable(
                  self,
                  name=name,
                  beacon=self.beacon,
                  partitions=partitions,
                  start_manager=start_manager,
                  help=help,
                  **kwargs))
          return table.using_window(window) if window else table
  
      def page(self, path: str, *,
               base: Type[View] = View,
               cors_options: Mapping[str, ResourceOptions] = None,
               name: str = None) -> Callable[[PageArg], Type[View]]:
          """Decorate view to be included in the web server."""
          view_base: Type[View] = base if base is not None else View
  
          def _decorator(fun: PageArg) -> Type[View]:
              view: Optional[Type[View]] = None
              if inspect.isclass(fun):
                  view = cast(Type[View], fun)
                  if not issubclass(view, View):
                      raise TypeError(
                          'When decorating class, it must be subclass of View')
              if view is None:
                  view = view_base.from_handler(cast(ViewHandlerFun, fun))
              view.view_name = name or view.__name__
              view.view_path = path
              self.web.add_view(view, cors_options=cors_options)
              venusian.attach(view, category=SCAN_PAGE)
              return view
  
          return _decorator
  
      def table_route(self, table: CollectionT,
                      shard_param: str = None,
                      *,
                      query_param: str = None,
                      match_info: str = None,
                      exact_key: str = None) -> ViewDecorator:
          """Decorate view method to route request to table key destination."""
          def _decorator(fun: ViewHandlerFun) -> ViewHandlerFun:
              _query_param = query_param
              if shard_param is not None:
                  warnings.warn(DeprecationWarning(W_DEPRECATED_SHARD_PARAM))
                  if query_param:
                      raise TypeError(
                          'Cannot specify shard_param and query_param')
                  _query_param = shard_param
              if (_query_param is None and
                      match_info is None and
                      exact_key is None):
                  raise TypeError(
                      'Need one of query_param, shard_param, or exact key')
  
              @wraps(fun)
              async def get(view: View, request: Request,
                            *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Response:
                  if exact_key:
                      key = exact_key
                  elif match_info:
                      key = request.match_info[match_info]
                  elif _query_param:
                      key = request.query[_query_param]
                  else:  # pragma: no cover
                      raise Exception('cannot get here')
                  try:
                      return await self.router.route_req(table.name, key,
                                                         view.web, request)
                  except SameNode:
                      return await fun(  # type: ignore
                          view, request, *args, **kwargs)
  
              return get
  
          return _decorator
  
      def command(self,
                  *options: Any,
                  base: Optional[Type[_AppCommand]] = None,
                  **kwargs: Any) -> Callable[[Callable], Type[_AppCommand]]:
          """Decorate ``async def`` function to be used as CLI command."""
          _base: Type[_AppCommand]
          if base is None:
              from faust.cli import base as cli_base
              _base = cli_base.AppCommand
          else:
              _base = base
  
          def _inner(fun: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]]) -> Type[_AppCommand]:
              cmd = _base.from_handler(*options, **kwargs)(fun)
              venusian.attach(cmd, category=SCAN_COMMAND)
              return cmd
  
          return _inner
  
      async def start_client(self) -> None:
          """Start the app in Client-Only mode necessary for RPC requests.
  
          Notes:
              Once started as a client the app cannot be restarted as Server.
          """
          self.client_only = True
          await self.maybe_start()
          self.consumer.stop_flow()
          await self.topics.wait_for_subscriptions()
          await self.topics.on_client_only_start()
          self.consumer.resume_flow()
          self.flow_control.resume()
  
      async def maybe_start_client(self) -> None:
          """Start the app in Client-Only mode if not started as Server."""
          if not self.started:
              await self.start_client()
  
      def trace(self,
                name: str,
                trace_enabled: bool = True,
                **extra_context: Any) -> ContextManager:
          """Return new trace context to trace operation using OpenTracing."""
          if self.tracer is None or not trace_enabled:
              return nullcontext()
          else:
              return self.tracer.trace(
                  name=name,
                  **extra_context)
  
      def traced(self, fun: Callable,
                 name: str = None,
                 sample_rate: float = 1.0,
                 **context: Any) -> Callable:
          """Decorate function to be traced using the OpenTracing API."""
          assert fun
          operation: str = name or operation_name_from_fun(fun)
  
          @wraps(fun)
          def wrapped(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
              span = self.trace(operation,
                                sample_rate=sample_rate,
                                **context)
              return call_with_trace(span, fun, None, *args, **kwargs)
          return wrapped
  
      def _start_span_from_rebalancing(self, name: str) -> opentracing.Span:
          rebalancing_span = self._rebalancing_span
          if rebalancing_span is not None and self.tracer is not None:
              span = self.tracer.get_tracer('_faust').start_span(
                  operation_name=name,
                  child_of=rebalancing_span,
              )
              set_current_span(span)
              return span
          else:
              return noop_span()
  
      async def send(
              self,
              channel: Union[ChannelT, str],
              key: K = None,
              value: V = None,
              partition: int = None,
              timestamp: float = None,
              headers: HeadersArg = None,
              key_serializer: CodecArg = None,
              value_serializer: CodecArg = None,
              callback: MessageSentCallback = None) -> Awaitable[RecordMetadata]:
          """Send event to channel/topic.
  
          Arguments:
              channel: Channel/topic or the name of a topic to send event to.
              key: Message key.
              value: Message value.
              partition: Specific partition to send to.
                  If not set the partition will be chosen by the partitioner.
              timestamp: Epoch seconds (from Jan 1 1970
                  UTC) to use as the message timestamp. Defaults to current time.
              headers: Mapping of key/value pairs, or iterable of key value
                  pairs to use as headers for the message.
              key_serializer: Serializer to use (if value is not model).
              value_serializer: Serializer to use (if value is not model).
              callback: Called after the message is fully delivered to the
                  channel, but not to the consumer.
                  Signature must be unary as the
                  :class:`~faust.types.tuples.FutureMessage` future is passed
                  to it.
  
                  The resulting :class:`faust.types.tuples.RecordMetadata`
                  object is then available as ``fut.result()``.
          """
          chan: ChannelT
          if isinstance(channel, str):
              chan = self.topic(channel)
          else:
              chan = channel
          return await chan.send(
              key=key,
              value=value,
              partition=partition,
              timestamp=timestamp,
              headers=headers,
              key_serializer=key_serializer,
              value_serializer=value_serializer,
              callback=callback,
          )
  
      @cached_property
      def in_transaction(self) -> bool:
          """Return :const:`True` if stream is using transactions."""
          return (
              self.in_worker and
              self.conf.processing_guarantee == ProcessingGuarantee.EXACTLY_ONCE
          )
  
      def LiveCheck(self, **kwargs: Any) -> _LiveCheck:
          """Return new LiveCheck instance testing features for this app."""
          from faust.livecheck import LiveCheck
          return LiveCheck.for_app(self, **kwargs)
  
      @stampede
      async def maybe_start_producer(self) -> ProducerT:
          """Ensure producer is started."""
          if self.in_transaction:
              # return TransactionManager when
              # processing_guarantee="exactly_once" enabled.
              return self.consumer.transactions
          else:
              producer = self.producer
              # producer may also have been started by app.start()
              await producer.maybe_start()
              return producer
  
      async def commit(self, topics: TPorTopicSet) -> bool:
          """Commit offset for acked messages in specified topics'.
  
          Warning:
              This will commit acked messages in **all topics**
              if the topics argument is passed in as :const:`None`.
          """
          return await self.topics.commit(topics)
  
      async def on_stop(self) -> None:
          """Call when application stops.
  
          Tip:
              Remember to call ``super`` if you override this method.
          """
          await self._stop_consumer()
          # send shutdown signal
          await self.on_before_shutdown.send()
          await self._producer_flush(self.log)
          await self._maybe_close_http_client()
  
      async def _producer_flush(self, logger: Any) -> None:
          if self._producer is not None:
              logger.info('Flush producer buffer...')
              await self._producer.flush()
  
      async def _stop_consumer(self) -> None:
          if self._consumer is not None:
              consumer = self._consumer
              try:
                  assignment = consumer.assignment()
              except ConsumerNotStarted:
                  pass
              else:
                  if assignment:
                      self.tables.on_partitions_revoked(assignment)
                      consumer.stop_flow()
                      self.flow_control.suspend()
                      consumer.pause_partitions(assignment)
                      self.flow_control.clear()
                      await self._stop_fetcher()
                      await self._consumer_wait_empty(consumer, self.log)
  
      async def _consumer_wait_empty(
              self, consumer: ConsumerT, logger: Any) -> None:
          if self.conf.stream_wait_empty:
              logger.info('Wait for streams...')
              await consumer.wait_empty()
  
      def on_rebalance_start(self) -> None:
          """Call when rebalancing starts."""
          self.rebalancing = True
          self.rebalancing_count += 1
          if self._rebalancing_sensor_state:
              self.log.warning('Previous rebalance did not clear state: %r',
                               self._rebalancing_sensor_state)
          self._rebalancing_sensor_state = self.sensors.on_rebalance_start(self)
          if self.tracer:
              tracer = self.tracer.get_tracer('_faust')
              self._rebalancing_span = tracer.start_span(
                  operation_name='rebalance',
                  tags={'rebalancing_count': self.rebalancing_count},
              )
          self.tables.on_rebalance_start()
  
      def on_rebalance_return(self) -> None:
          sensor_state = self._rebalancing_sensor_state
          if not sensor_state:
              self.log.warning('Missing sensor state for rebalance #%s',
                               self.rebalancing_count)
          else:
              self.sensors.on_rebalance_return(self, sensor_state)
  
      def on_rebalance_end(self) -> None:
          """Call when rebalancing is done."""
          self.rebalancing = False
          if self._rebalancing_span:
              self._rebalancing_span.finish()
          self._rebalancing_span = None
          sensor_state = self._rebalancing_sensor_state
          try:
              if not sensor_state:
                  self.log.warning('Missing sensor state for rebalance #%s',
                                   self.rebalancing_count)
              else:
                  self.sensors.on_rebalance_end(self, sensor_state)
          finally:
              self._rebalancing_sensor_state = None
  
      async def _on_partitions_revoked(self, revoked: Set[TP]) -> None:
          """Handle revocation of topic partitions.
  
          This is called during a rebalance and is followed by
          :meth:`on_partitions_assigned`.
  
          Revoked means the partitions no longer exist, or they
          have been reassigned to a different node.
          """
          if self.should_stop:
              return self._on_rebalance_when_stopped()
          session_timeout = self.conf.broker_session_timeout * 0.95
          T = traced_from_parent_span()
          with flight_recorder(self.log, timeout=session_timeout) as on_timeout:
              self._on_revoked_timeout = on_timeout
              consumer = self.consumer
              try:
                  self.log.dev('ON PARTITIONS REVOKED')
                  T(self.tables.on_partitions_revoked)(revoked)
                  assignment = consumer.assignment()
                  if assignment:
                      on_timeout.info('flow_control.suspend()')
                      T(consumer.stop_flow)()
                      T(self.flow_control.suspend)()
                      on_timeout.info('consumer.pause_partitions')
                      T(consumer.pause_partitions)(assignment)
                      # Every agent instance has an incoming buffer of messages
                      # (a asyncio.Queue) -- we clear those to make sure
                      # agents will not start processing them.
                      #
                      # This allows for large buffer sizes
                      # (stream_buffer_maxsize).
                      on_timeout.info('flow_control.clear()')
                      T(self.flow_control.clear)()
  
                      # even if we clear, some of the agent instances may have
                      # already started working on an event.
                      #
                      # we need to wait for them.
                      await T(self._consumer_wait_empty)(consumer, on_timeout)
                      await T(self._producer_flush)(on_timeout)
                      if self.in_transaction:
                          await T(consumer.transactions.on_partitions_revoked)(
                              revoked)
                  else:
                      self.log.dev('ON P. REVOKED NOT COMMITTING: NO ASSIGNMENT')
                  on_timeout.info('+send signal: on_partitions_revoked')
                  await T(self.on_partitions_revoked.send)(revoked)
                  on_timeout.info('-send signal: on_partitions_revoked')
              except Exception as exc:
                  on_timeout.info('on partitions revoked crashed: %r', exc)
                  await self.crash(exc)
              finally:
                  self._on_revoked_timeout = None
  
      async def _stop_fetcher(self) -> None:
          await self._fetcher.stop()
          # Reset fetcher service state so that we can restart it
          # in TableManager table recovery.
          self._fetcher.service_reset()
  
      def _on_rebalance_when_stopped(self) -> None:
          self.consumer.close()
  
      async def _on_partitions_assigned(self, assigned: Set[TP]) -> None:
          """Handle new topic partition assignment.
  
          This is called during a rebalance after :meth:`on_partitions_revoked`.
  
          The new assignment overrides the previous
          assignment, so any tp no longer in the assigned' list will have
          been revoked.
          """
          if self.should_stop:
              return self._on_rebalance_when_stopped()
          T = traced_from_parent_span()
          # shave some time off so we timeout before the broker
          # (Kafka does not send error, it just logs)
          session_timeout = self.conf.broker_session_timeout * 0.95
          self.unassigned = not assigned
  
          revoked, newly_assigned = self._update_assignment(assigned)
  
          with flight_recorder(self.log, timeout=session_timeout) as on_timeout:
              self._on_revoked_timeout = on_timeout
              consumer = self.consumer
              try:
                  on_timeout.info('agents.on_rebalance()')
                  await T(self.agents.on_rebalance,
                          revoked=revoked,
                          newly_assigned=newly_assigned)(revoked, newly_assigned)
                  # Wait for transport.Conductor to finish
                  # calling Consumer.subscribe
                  on_timeout.info('topics.wait_for_subscriptions()')
                  await T(self.topics.maybe_wait_for_subscriptions)()
                  on_timeout.info('consumer.pause_partitions()')
                  T(consumer.pause_partitions)(assigned)
                  on_timeout.info('topics.on_partitions_assigned()')
                  await T(self.topics.on_partitions_assigned)(assigned)
                  on_timeout.info('transactions.on_rebalance()')
                  if self.in_transaction:
                      await T(consumer.transactions.on_rebalance)(
                          assigned, revoked, newly_assigned)
                  on_timeout.info('tables.on_rebalance()')
                  await T(self.tables.on_rebalance)(
                      assigned, revoked, newly_assigned)
                  on_timeout.info('+send signal: on_partitions_assigned')
                  await T(self.on_partitions_assigned.send)(assigned)
                  on_timeout.info('-send signal: on_partitions_assigned')
              except Exception as exc:
                  on_timeout.info('on partitions assigned crashed: %r', exc)
                  await self.crash(exc)
  
      def _update_assignment(
              self, assigned: Set[TP]) -> Tuple[Set[TP], Set[TP]]:
          revoked: Set[TP]
          newly_assigned: Set[TP]
          if self._assignment is not None:
              revoked = self._assignment - assigned
              newly_assigned = assigned - self._assignment
          else:
              revoked = set()
              newly_assigned = assigned
          self._assignment = assigned
          return revoked, newly_assigned
  
      def _new_producer(self) -> ProducerT:
          return self.transport.create_producer(beacon=self.beacon)
  
      def _new_consumer(self) -> ConsumerT:
          return self.transport.create_consumer(
              callback=self.topics.on_message,
              on_partitions_revoked=self._on_partitions_revoked,
              on_partitions_assigned=self._on_partitions_assigned,
              beacon=self.beacon,
          )
  
      def _new_conductor(self) -> ConductorT:
          return self.transport.create_conductor(beacon=self.beacon)
  
      def _new_transport(self) -> TransportT:
          return transport.by_url(self.conf.broker_consumer[0])(
              self.conf.broker_consumer, self, loop=self.loop)
  
      def _new_producer_transport(self) -> TransportT:
          return transport.by_url(self.conf.broker_producer[0])(
              self.conf.broker_producer, self, loop=self.loop)
  
      def _new_cache_backend(self) -> CacheBackendT:
          return cache_backends.by_url(self.conf.cache)(
              self, self.conf.cache, loop=self.loop)
  
      def FlowControlQueue(
              self,
              maxsize: int = None,
              *,
              clear_on_resume: bool = False,
              loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = None) -> ThrowableQueue:
          """Like :class:`asyncio.Queue`, but can be suspended/resumed."""
          return ThrowableQueue(
              maxsize=maxsize,
              flow_control=self.flow_control,
              clear_on_resume=clear_on_resume,
              loop=loop or self.loop,
          )
  
      def Worker(self, **kwargs: Any) -> _Worker:
          """Return application worker instance."""
          return self.conf.Worker(self, **kwargs)
  
      def on_webserver_init(self, web: Web) -> None:
          """Call when the Web server is initializing."""
          ...
  
      def _create_directories(self) -> None:
          self.conf.datadir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
          self.conf.appdir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
          self.conf.tabledir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
  
      def __repr__(self) -> str:
          if self._conf:
              return APP_REPR_FINALIZED.format(
                  name=type(self).__name__,
                  s=self,
                  c=self.conf,
                  agents=self.agents,
                  id=id(self),
              )
          else:
              return APP_REPR_UNFINALIZED.format(
                  name=type(self).__name__,
                  id=id(self),
              )
  
      def _configure(self, *, silent: bool = False) -> None:
          self.on_before_configured.send()
          conf = self._load_settings(silent=silent)
          self.on_configured.send(conf)
          self._conf, self.configured = conf, True
          self.on_after_configured.send()
  
      def _load_settings(self, *, silent: bool = False) -> _Settings:
          changes: Mapping[str, Any] = {}
          appid, defaults = self._default_options
          if self._config_source:
              changes = self._load_settings_from_source(
                  self._config_source, silent=silent)
          conf = {**defaults, **changes}
          return self.Settings(appid, **self._prepare_compat_settings(conf))
  
      def _prepare_compat_settings(self, options: MutableMapping) -> Mapping:
          COMPAT_OPTIONS = {
              'client_id': 'broker_client_id',
              'commit_interval': 'broker_commit_interval',
              'create_reply_topic': 'reply_create_topic',
              'num_standby_replicas': 'table_standby_replicas',
              'default_partitions': 'topic_partitions',
              'replication_factor': 'topic_replication_factor',
          }
          for old, new in COMPAT_OPTIONS.items():
              val = options.get(new)
              try:
                  options[new] = options[old]
              except KeyError:
                  pass
              else:
                  if val is not None:
                      raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                          f'Cannot use both compat option {old!r} and {new!r}')
                  warnings.warn(
                      FutureWarning(
                          W_OPTION_DEPRECATED.format(old=old, new=new)))
          return options
  
      def _load_settings_from_source(self, source: Any, *,
                                     silent: bool = False) -> Mapping:
          if isinstance(source, str):
              try:
                  source = smart_import(source, imp=import_from_cwd)
              except (AttributeError, ImportError):
                  if not silent:
                      raise
                  return {}
          return force_mapping(source)
  
      @property
      def conf(self) -> _Settings:
          """Application configuration."""
          if not self.finalized and STRICT:
              raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                  'App configuration accessed before app.finalize()')
          if self._conf is None:
              self._configure()
          return cast(_Settings, self._conf)
  
      @conf.setter
      def conf(self, settings: _Settings) -> None:
          self._conf = settings
  
      @property
      def producer(self) -> ProducerT:
          """Message producer."""
          if self._producer is None:
              self._producer = self._new_producer()
          return self._producer
  
      @producer.setter
      def producer(self, producer: ProducerT) -> None:
          self._producer = producer
  
      @property
      def consumer(self) -> ConsumerT:
          """Message consumer."""
          if self._consumer is None:
              self._consumer = self._new_consumer()
          return self._consumer
  
      @consumer.setter
      def consumer(self, consumer: ConsumerT) -> None:
          self._consumer = consumer
  
      @property
      def transport(self) -> TransportT:
          """Consumer message transport."""
          if self._transport is None:
              self._transport = self._new_transport()
          return self._transport
  
      @transport.setter
      def transport(self, transport: TransportT) -> None:
          self._transport = transport
  
      @property
      def producer_transport(self) -> TransportT:
          """Producer message transport."""
          if self._producer_transport is None:
              self._producer_transport = self._new_producer_transport()
          return self._producer_transport
  
      @producer_transport.setter
      def producer_transport(self, transport: TransportT) -> None:
          self._producer_transport = transport
  
      @property
      def cache(self) -> CacheBackendT:
          """Cache backend."""
          if self._cache is None:
              self._cache = self._new_cache_backend()
          return self._cache
  
      @cache.setter
      def cache(self, cache: CacheBackendT) -> None:
          self._cache = cache
  
      @cached_property
      def tables(self) -> TableManagerT:
          """Map of available tables, and the table manager service."""
          return self.conf.TableManager(
              app=self,
              loop=self.loop,
              beacon=self.beacon,
          )
  
      @cached_property
      def topics(self) -> ConductorT:
          """Topic Conductor.
  
          This is the mediator that moves messages fetched by the Consumer
          into the streams.
  
          It's also a set of registered topics by string topic name, so you
          can check if a topic is being consumed from by doing
          ``topic in app.topics``.
          """
          return self._new_conductor()
  
      @property
      def monitor(self) -> Monitor:
          """Monitor keeps stats about what's going on inside the worker."""
          if self._monitor is None:
              self._monitor = cast(Monitor,
                                   self.conf.Monitor(
                                       loop=self.loop, beacon=self.beacon))
          return self._monitor
  
      @monitor.setter
      def monitor(self, monitor: Monitor) -> None:
          self._monitor = monitor
  
      @cached_property
      def _fetcher(self) -> ServiceT:
          """Fetcher helps Kafka Consumer retrieve records in topics."""
          return self.transport.Fetcher(self, loop=self.loop, beacon=self.beacon)
  
      @cached_property
      def _reply_consumer(self) -> ReplyConsumer:
          """Kafka Consumer that consumes agent replies."""
          return ReplyConsumer(self, loop=self.loop, beacon=self.beacon)
  
      @cached_property
      def flow_control(self) -> FlowControlEvent:
          """Flow control of streams.
  
          This object controls flow into stream queues,
          and can also clear all buffers.
          """
          return FlowControlEvent(loop=self.loop)
  
      @property
      def http_client(self) -> HttpClientT:
          """HTTP client Session."""
          if self._http_client is None:
              self._http_client = self.conf.HttpClient()
          return self._http_client
  
      @http_client.setter
      def http_client(self, client: HttpClientT) -> None:
          self._http_client = client
  
      @cached_property
      def assignor(self) -> PartitionAssignorT:
          """Partition Assignor.
  
          Responsible for partition assignment.
          """
          return self.conf.PartitionAssignor(
              self, replicas=self.conf.table_standby_replicas)
  
      @cached_property
      def _leader_assignor(self) -> LeaderAssignorT:
          """Leader assignor.
  
          The leader assignor is a special Kafka partition assignor,
          used to find the leader in a cluster of Faust worker nodes,
          and enables the ``@app.timer(on_leader=True)`` feature that executes
          exclusively on one node at a time. Excellent for things that would
          traditionally require a lock/mutex.
          """
          return self.conf.LeaderAssignor(
              self, loop=self.loop, beacon=self.beacon)
  
      @cached_property
      def router(self) -> RouterT:
          """Find the node partitioned data belongs to.
  
          The router helps us route web requests to the wanted Faust node.
          If a topic is sharded by account_id, the router can send us to the
          Faust worker responsible for any account.  Used by the
          ``@app.table_route`` decorator.
          """
          return self.conf.Router(self)
  
      @cached_property
      def web(self) -> Web:
          """Web driver."""
          return self._new_web()
  
      def _new_web(self) -> Web:
          return web_drivers.by_url(self.conf.web)(self)
  
      @cached_property
      def serializers(self) -> RegistryT:
          """Return serializer registry."""
          # Many things such as key_serializer/value_serializer configures
          # the serializer by name (e.g. "json"). The serializer registry
          # lets you extend Faust with support for additional
          # serialization formats.
          self.finalize()  # easiest way to autofinalize for topic.send
          return self.conf.Serializers(
              key_serializer=self.conf.key_serializer,
              value_serializer=self.conf.value_serializer,
          )
  
      @property
      def label(self) -> str:
          """Return human readable description of application."""
          return f'{self.shortlabel}: {self.conf.id}@{self.conf.broker}'
  
      @property
      def shortlabel(self) -> str:
          """Return short description of application."""
          return type(self).__name__
  