text: #
  #   Module parse tree node
  #
  
  from __future__ import absolute_import
  
  import cython
  cython.declare(Naming=object, Options=object, PyrexTypes=object, TypeSlots=object,
                 error=object, warning=object, py_object_type=object, UtilityCode=object,
                 EncodedString=object, re=object)
  
  from collections import defaultdict
  import json
  import operator
  import os
  import re
  import sys
  
  from .PyrexTypes import CPtrType
  from . import Future
  from . import Annotate
  from . import Code
  from . import Naming
  from . import Nodes
  from . import Options
  from . import TypeSlots
  from . import PyrexTypes
  from . import Pythran
  
  from .Errors import error, warning
  from .PyrexTypes import py_object_type
  from ..Utils import open_new_file, replace_suffix, decode_filename, build_hex_version
  from .Code import UtilityCode, IncludeCode, TempitaUtilityCode
  from .StringEncoding import EncodedString, encoded_string_or_bytes_literal
  from .Pythran import has_np_pythran
  
  
  def replace_suffix_encoded(path, newsuf):
      # calls replace suffix and returns a EncodedString or BytesLiteral with the encoding set
      newpath = replace_suffix(path, newsuf)
      return as_encoded_filename(newpath)
  
  def as_encoded_filename(path):
      # wraps the path with either EncodedString or BytesLiteral (depending on its input type)
      # and sets the encoding to the file system encoding
      return encoded_string_or_bytes_literal(path, sys.getfilesystemencoding())
  
  
  def check_c_declarations_pxd(module_node):
      module_node.scope.check_c_classes_pxd()
      return module_node
  
  
  def check_c_declarations(module_node):
      module_node.scope.check_c_classes()
      module_node.scope.check_c_functions()
      return module_node
  
  
  def generate_c_code_config(env, options):
      if Options.annotate or options.annotate:
          emit_linenums = False
      else:
          emit_linenums = options.emit_linenums
  
      if hasattr(options, "emit_code_comments"):
          print('Warning: option emit_code_comments is deprecated. '
                'Instead, use compiler directive emit_code_comments.')
  
      return Code.CCodeConfig(
          emit_linenums=emit_linenums,
          emit_code_comments=env.directives['emit_code_comments'],
          c_line_in_traceback=options.c_line_in_traceback)
  
  
  class ModuleNode(Nodes.Node, Nodes.BlockNode):
      #  doc       string or None
      #  body      StatListNode
      #
      #  referenced_modules   [ModuleScope]
      #  full_module_name     string
      #
      #  scope                The module scope.
      #  compilation_source   A CompilationSource (see Main)
      #  directives           Top-level compiler directives
  
      child_attrs = ["body"]
      directives = None
  
      def merge_in(self, tree, scope, merge_scope=False):
          # Merges in the contents of another tree, and possibly scope. With the
          # current implementation below, this must be done right prior
          # to code generation.
          #
          # Note: This way of doing it seems strange -- I believe the
          # right concept is to split ModuleNode into a ModuleNode and a
          # CodeGenerator, and tell that CodeGenerator to generate code
          # from multiple sources.
          assert isinstance(self.body, Nodes.StatListNode)
          if isinstance(tree, Nodes.StatListNode):
              self.body.stats.extend(tree.stats)
          else:
              self.body.stats.append(tree)
  
          self.scope.utility_code_list.extend(scope.utility_code_list)
  
          for inc in scope.c_includes.values():
              self.scope.process_include(inc)
  
          def extend_if_not_in(L1, L2):
              for x in L2:
                  if x not in L1:
                      L1.append(x)
  
          extend_if_not_in(self.scope.included_files, scope.included_files)
  
          if merge_scope:
              # Ensure that we don't generate import code for these entries!
              for entry in scope.c_class_entries:
                  entry.type.module_name = self.full_module_name
                  entry.type.scope.directives["internal"] = True
  
              self.scope.merge_in(scope)
  
      def with_compiler_directives(self):
          # When merging a utility code module into the user code we need to preserve
          # the original compiler directives. This returns the body of the module node,
          # wrapped in its set of directives.
          body = Nodes.CompilerDirectivesNode(self.pos, directives=self.directives, body=self.body)
          return body
  
      def analyse_declarations(self, env):
          if has_np_pythran(env):
              Pythran.include_pythran_generic(env)
          if self.directives:
              env.old_style_globals = self.directives['old_style_globals']
          if not Options.docstrings:
              env.doc = self.doc = None
          elif Options.embed_pos_in_docstring:
              env.doc = EncodedString(u'File: %s (starting at line %s)' % Nodes.relative_position(self.pos))
              if self.doc is not None:
                  env.doc = EncodedString(env.doc + u'\n' + self.doc)
                  env.doc.encoding = self.doc.encoding
          else:
              env.doc = self.doc
          env.directives = self.directives
  
          self.body.analyse_declarations(env)
  
      def prepare_utility_code(self):
          # prepare any utility code that must be created before code generation
          # specifically: CythonUtilityCode
          env = self.scope
          if env.has_import_star:
              self.create_import_star_conversion_utility_code(env)
          for name, entry in sorted(env.entries.items()):
              if (entry.create_wrapper and entry.scope is env
                  and entry.is_type and entry.type.is_enum):
                      entry.type.create_type_wrapper(env)
  
      def process_implementation(self, options, result):
          env = self.scope
          env.return_type = PyrexTypes.c_void_type
          self.referenced_modules = []
          self.find_referenced_modules(env, self.referenced_modules, {})
          self.sort_cdef_classes(env)
          self.generate_c_code(env, options, result)
          self.generate_h_code(env, options, result)
          self.generate_api_code(env, options, result)
  
      def has_imported_c_functions(self):
          for module in self.referenced_modules:
              for entry in module.cfunc_entries:
                  if entry.defined_in_pxd:
                      return 1
          return 0
  
      def generate_h_code(self, env, options, result):
          def h_entries(entries, api=0, pxd=0):
              return [entry for entry in entries
                      if ((entry.visibility == 'public') or
                          (api and entry.api) or
                          (pxd and entry.defined_in_pxd))]
          h_types = h_entries(env.type_entries, api=1)
          h_vars = h_entries(env.var_entries)
          h_funcs = h_entries(env.cfunc_entries)
          h_extension_types = h_entries(env.c_class_entries)
          if h_types or  h_vars or h_funcs or h_extension_types:
              result.h_file = replace_suffix_encoded(result.c_file, ".h")
              h_code = Code.CCodeWriter()
              c_code_config = generate_c_code_config(env, options)
              Code.GlobalState(h_code, self, c_code_config)
              if options.generate_pxi:
                  result.i_file = replace_suffix_encoded(result.c_file, ".pxi")
                  i_code = Code.PyrexCodeWriter(result.i_file)
              else:
                  i_code = None
  
              h_code.put_generated_by()
              h_guard = self.api_name(Naming.h_guard_prefix, env)
              h_code.put_h_guard(h_guard)
              h_code.putln("")
              h_code.putln('#include "Python.h"')
              self.generate_type_header_code(h_types, h_code)
              if options.capi_reexport_cincludes:
                  self.generate_includes(env, [], h_code)
              h_code.putln("")
              api_guard = self.api_name(Naming.api_guard_prefix, env)
              h_code.putln("#ifndef %s" % api_guard)
              h_code.putln("")
              self.generate_extern_c_macro_definition(h_code)
              h_code.putln("")
              self.generate_dl_import_macro(h_code)
              if h_extension_types:
                  h_code.putln("")
                  for entry in h_extension_types:
                      self.generate_cclass_header_code(entry.type, h_code)
                      if i_code:
                          self.generate_cclass_include_code(entry.type, i_code)
              if h_funcs:
                  h_code.putln("")
                  for entry in h_funcs:
                      self.generate_public_declaration(entry, h_code, i_code)
              if h_vars:
                  h_code.putln("")
                  for entry in h_vars:
                      self.generate_public_declaration(entry, h_code, i_code)
              h_code.putln("")
              h_code.putln("#endif /* !%s */" % api_guard)
              h_code.putln("")
              h_code.putln("/* WARNING: the interface of the module init function changed in CPython 3.5. */")
              h_code.putln("/* It now returns a PyModuleDef instance instead of a PyModule instance. */")
              h_code.putln("")
              h_code.putln("#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3")
              if env.module_name.isascii():
                  py2_mod_name = env.module_name
              else:
                  py2_mod_name = env.module_name.encode("ascii", errors="ignore").decode("utf-8")
                  h_code.putln('#error "Unicode module names are not supported in Python 2";')
              h_code.putln("PyMODINIT_FUNC init%s(void);" % py2_mod_name)
              h_code.putln("#else")
              py3_mod_func_name = self.mod_init_func_cname('PyInit', env)
              warning_string = EncodedString('Use PyImport_AppendInittab("%s", %s) instead of calling %s directly.' % (
                  py2_mod_name, py3_mod_func_name, py3_mod_func_name))
              h_code.putln('/* WARNING: %s from Python 3.5 */' % warning_string.rstrip('.'))
              h_code.putln("PyMODINIT_FUNC %s(void);" % py3_mod_func_name)
              h_code.putln("")
              h_code.putln("#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03050000 "
                  "&& (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__) || defined(_MSC_VER) "
                  "|| (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201402L))")
              h_code.putln("#if defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201402L")
              h_code.putln("[[deprecated(%s)]] inline" % warning_string.as_c_string_literal())
              h_code.putln("#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)")
              h_code.putln('__attribute__ ((__deprecated__(%s), __unused__)) __inline__' % (
                  warning_string.as_c_string_literal()))
              h_code.putln("#elif defined(_MSC_VER)")
              h_code.putln('__declspec(deprecated(%s)) __inline' % (
                  warning_string.as_c_string_literal()))
              h_code.putln('#endif')
              h_code.putln("static PyObject* __PYX_WARN_IF_INIT_CALLED(PyObject* res) {")
              h_code.putln("return res;")
              h_code.putln("}")
              # Function call is converted to warning macro; uncalled (pointer) is not
              h_code.putln('#define %s() __PYX_WARN_IF_INIT_CALLED(%s())' % (
                  py3_mod_func_name, py3_mod_func_name))
              h_code.putln('#endif')
              h_code.putln('#endif')
              h_code.putln("")
              h_code.putln("#endif /* !%s */" % h_guard)
  
              f = open_new_file(result.h_file)
              try:
                  h_code.copyto(f)
              finally:
                  f.close()
  
      def generate_public_declaration(self, entry, h_code, i_code):
          h_code.putln("%s %s;" % (
              Naming.extern_c_macro,
              entry.type.declaration_code(entry.cname)))
          if i_code:
              i_code.putln("cdef extern %s" % (
                  entry.type.declaration_code(entry.cname, pyrex=1)))
  
      def api_name(self, prefix, env):
          api_name = self.punycode_module_name(prefix, env.qualified_name)
          return api_name.replace(".", "__")
  
      def generate_api_code(self, env, options, result):
          def api_entries(entries, pxd=0):
              return [entry for entry in entries
                      if entry.api or (pxd and entry.defined_in_pxd)]
          api_vars = api_entries(env.var_entries)
          api_funcs = api_entries(env.cfunc_entries)
          api_extension_types = api_entries(env.c_class_entries)
          if api_vars or api_funcs or api_extension_types:
              result.api_file = replace_suffix_encoded(result.c_file, "_api.h")
              h_code = Code.CCodeWriter()
              c_code_config = generate_c_code_config(env, options)
              Code.GlobalState(h_code, self, c_code_config)
              h_code.put_generated_by()
              api_guard = self.api_name(Naming.api_guard_prefix, env)
              h_code.put_h_guard(api_guard)
              # Work around https://bugs.python.org/issue4709
              h_code.putln('#ifdef __MINGW64__')
              h_code.putln('#define MS_WIN64')
              h_code.putln('#endif')
  
              h_code.putln('#include "Python.h"')
              if result.h_file:
                  h_filename = os.path.basename(result.h_file)
                  h_filename = as_encoded_filename(h_filename)
                  h_code.putln('#include %s' % h_filename.as_c_string_literal())
              if api_extension_types:
                  h_code.putln("")
                  for entry in api_extension_types:
                      type = entry.type
                      h_code.putln("static PyTypeObject *%s = 0;" % type.typeptr_cname)
                      h_code.putln("#define %s (*%s)" % (
                          type.typeobj_cname, type.typeptr_cname))
              if api_funcs:
                  h_code.putln("")
                  for entry in api_funcs:
                      type = CPtrType(entry.type)
                      cname = env.mangle(Naming.func_prefix_api, entry.name)
                      h_code.putln("static %s = 0;" % type.declaration_code(cname))
                      h_code.putln("#define %s %s" % (entry.name, cname))
              if api_vars:
                  h_code.putln("")
                  for entry in api_vars:
                      type = CPtrType(entry.type)
                      cname = env.mangle(Naming.varptr_prefix_api, entry.name)
                      h_code.putln("static %s = 0;" %  type.declaration_code(cname))
                      h_code.putln("#define %s (*%s)" % (entry.name, cname))
              h_code.put(UtilityCode.load_as_string("PyIdentifierFromString", "ImportExport.c")[0])
              if api_vars:
                  h_code.put(UtilityCode.load_as_string("VoidPtrImport", "ImportExport.c")[1])
              if api_funcs:
                  h_code.put(UtilityCode.load_as_string("FunctionImport", "ImportExport.c")[1])
              if api_extension_types:
                  h_code.put(UtilityCode.load_as_string("TypeImport", "ImportExport.c")[0])
                  h_code.put(UtilityCode.load_as_string("TypeImport", "ImportExport.c")[1])
              h_code.putln("")
              h_code.putln("static int %s(void) {" % self.api_name("import", env))
              h_code.putln("PyObject *module = 0;")
              h_code.putln('module = PyImport_ImportModule(%s);' % env.qualified_name.as_c_string_literal())
              h_code.putln("if (!module) goto bad;")
              for entry in api_funcs:
                  cname = env.mangle(Naming.func_prefix_api, entry.name)
                  sig = entry.type.signature_string()
                  h_code.putln(
                      'if (__Pyx_ImportFunction(module, %s, (void (**)(void))&%s, "%s") < 0) goto bad;'
                      % (entry.name.as_c_string_literal(), cname, sig))
              for entry in api_vars:
                  cname = env.mangle(Naming.varptr_prefix_api, entry.name)
                  sig = entry.type.empty_declaration_code()
                  h_code.putln(
                      'if (__Pyx_ImportVoidPtr(module, %s, (void **)&%s, "%s") < 0) goto bad;'
                      % (entry.name.as_c_string_literal(), cname, sig))
              with ModuleImportGenerator(h_code, imported_modules={env.qualified_name: 'module'}) as import_generator:
                  for entry in api_extension_types:
                      self.generate_type_import_call(entry.type, h_code, import_generator, error_code="goto bad;")
              h_code.putln("Py_DECREF(module); module = 0;")
              h_code.putln("return 0;")
              h_code.putln("bad:")
              h_code.putln("Py_XDECREF(module);")
              h_code.putln("return -1;")
              h_code.putln("}")
              h_code.putln("")
              h_code.putln("#endif /* !%s */" % api_guard)
  
              f = open_new_file(result.api_file)
              try:
                  h_code.copyto(f)
              finally:
                  f.close()
  
      def generate_cclass_header_code(self, type, h_code):
          h_code.putln("%s %s %s;" % (
              Naming.extern_c_macro,
              PyrexTypes.public_decl("PyTypeObject", "DL_IMPORT"),
              type.typeobj_cname))
  
      def generate_cclass_include_code(self, type, i_code):
          i_code.putln("cdef extern class %s.%s:" % (
              type.module_name, type.name))
          i_code.indent()
          var_entries = type.scope.var_entries
          if var_entries:
              for entry in var_entries:
                  i_code.putln("cdef %s" % (
                      entry.type.declaration_code(entry.cname, pyrex=1)))
          else:
              i_code.putln("pass")
          i_code.dedent()
  
      def generate_c_code(self, env, options, result):
          modules = self.referenced_modules
  
          if Options.annotate or options.annotate:
              show_entire_c_code = Options.annotate == "fullc" or options.annotate == "fullc"
              rootwriter = Annotate.AnnotationCCodeWriter(show_entire_c_code=show_entire_c_code)
          else:
              rootwriter = Code.CCodeWriter()
  
          c_code_config = generate_c_code_config(env, options)
  
          globalstate = Code.GlobalState(
              rootwriter, self,
              code_config=c_code_config,
              common_utility_include_dir=options.common_utility_include_dir,
          )
          globalstate.initialize_main_c_code()
          h_code = globalstate['h_code']
  
          self.generate_module_preamble(env, options, modules, result.embedded_metadata, h_code)
  
          globalstate.module_pos = self.pos
          globalstate.directives = self.directives
  
          globalstate.use_utility_code(refnanny_utility_code)
  
          code = globalstate['before_global_var']
          code.putln('#define __Pyx_MODULE_NAME %s' %
                     self.full_module_name.as_c_string_literal())
          module_is_main = self.is_main_module_flag_cname()
          code.putln("extern int %s;" % module_is_main)
          code.putln("int %s = 0;" % module_is_main)
          code.putln("")
          code.putln("/* Implementation of %s */" % env.qualified_name.as_c_string_literal())
  
          code = globalstate['late_includes']
          self.generate_includes(env, modules, code, early=False)
  
          code = globalstate['module_code']
  
          self.generate_cached_builtins_decls(env, code)
  
          # generate normal variable and function definitions
          self.generate_lambda_definitions(env, code)
          self.generate_variable_definitions(env, code)
          self.body.generate_function_definitions(env, code)
  
          code.mark_pos(None)
          self.generate_typeobj_definitions(env, code)
          self.generate_method_table(env, code)
          if env.has_import_star:
              self.generate_import_star(env, code)
  
          # initialise the macro to reduce the code size of one-time functionality
          code.putln(UtilityCode.load_as_string("SmallCodeConfig", "ModuleSetupCode.c")[0].strip())
  
          self.generate_module_state_start(env, globalstate['module_state'])
          self.generate_module_state_defines(env, globalstate['module_state_defines'])
          self.generate_module_state_clear(env, globalstate['module_state_clear'])
          self.generate_module_state_traverse(env, globalstate['module_state_traverse'])
  
          # init_globals is inserted before this
          self.generate_module_init_func(modules[:-1], env, globalstate['init_module'])
          self.generate_module_cleanup_func(env, globalstate['cleanup_module'])
          if Options.embed:
              self.generate_main_method(env, globalstate['main_method'])
          self.generate_filename_table(globalstate['filename_table'])
  
          self.generate_declarations_for_modules(env, modules, globalstate)
          h_code.write('\n')
  
          for utilcode in env.utility_code_list[:]:
              globalstate.use_utility_code(utilcode)
          globalstate.finalize_main_c_code()
  
          self.generate_module_state_end(env, modules, globalstate)
  
          f = open_new_file(result.c_file)
          try:
              rootwriter.copyto(f)
          finally:
              f.close()
          result.c_file_generated = 1
          if options.gdb_debug:
              self._serialize_lineno_map(env, rootwriter)
          if Options.annotate or options.annotate:
              self._generate_annotations(rootwriter, result, options)
  
      def _generate_annotations(self, rootwriter, result, options):
          self.annotate(rootwriter)
  
          coverage_xml_filename = Options.annotate_coverage_xml or options.annotate_coverage_xml
          if coverage_xml_filename and os.path.exists(coverage_xml_filename):
              try:
                  import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
              except ImportError:
                  import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
              coverage_xml = ET.parse(coverage_xml_filename).getroot()
              for el in coverage_xml.getiterator():
                  el.tail = None  # save some memory
          else:
              coverage_xml = None
  
          rootwriter.save_annotation(result.main_source_file, result.c_file, coverage_xml=coverage_xml)
  
          # if we included files, additionally generate one annotation file for each
          if not self.scope.included_files:
              return
  
          search_include_file = self.scope.context.search_include_directories
          target_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(result.c_file))
          for included_file in self.scope.included_files:
              target_file = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(target_dir, included_file))
              target_file_dir = os.path.dirname(target_file)
              if not target_file_dir.startswith(target_dir):
                  # any other directories may not be writable => avoid trying
                  continue
              source_file = search_include_file(included_file, "", self.pos, include=True)
              if not source_file:
                  continue
              if target_file_dir != target_dir and not os.path.exists(target_file_dir):
                  try:
                      os.makedirs(target_file_dir)
                  except OSError as e:
                      import errno
                      if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
                          raise
              rootwriter.save_annotation(source_file, target_file, coverage_xml=coverage_xml)
  
      def _serialize_lineno_map(self, env, ccodewriter):
          tb = env.context.gdb_debug_outputwriter
          markers = ccodewriter.buffer.allmarkers()
  
          d = defaultdict(list)
          for c_lineno, cython_lineno in enumerate(markers):
              if cython_lineno > 0:
                  d[cython_lineno].append(c_lineno + 1)
  
          tb.start('LineNumberMapping')
          for cython_lineno, c_linenos in sorted(d.items()):
              tb.add_entry(
                  'LineNumber',
                  c_linenos=' '.join(map(str, c_linenos)),
                  cython_lineno=str(cython_lineno),
              )
          tb.end('LineNumberMapping')
          tb.serialize()
  
      def find_referenced_modules(self, env, module_list, modules_seen):
          if env not in modules_seen:
              modules_seen[env] = 1
              for imported_module in env.cimported_modules:
                  self.find_referenced_modules(imported_module, module_list, modules_seen)
              module_list.append(env)
  
      def sort_types_by_inheritance(self, type_dict, type_order, getkey):
          # copy the types into a list moving each parent type before
          # its first child
          type_list = []
          for i, key in enumerate(type_order):
              new_entry = type_dict[key]
  
              # collect all base classes to check for children
              hierarchy = set()
              base = new_entry
              while base:
                  base_type = base.type.base_type
                  if not base_type:
                      break
                  base_key = getkey(base_type)
                  hierarchy.add(base_key)
                  base = type_dict.get(base_key)
              new_entry.base_keys = hierarchy
  
              # find the first (sub-)subclass and insert before that
              for j in range(i):
                  entry = type_list[j]
                  if key in entry.base_keys:
                      type_list.insert(j, new_entry)
                      break
              else:
                  type_list.append(new_entry)
          return type_list
  
      def sort_type_hierarchy(self, module_list, env):
          # poor developer's OrderedDict
          vtab_dict, vtab_dict_order = {}, []
          vtabslot_dict, vtabslot_dict_order = {}, []
  
          for module in module_list:
              for entry in module.c_class_entries:
                  if entry.used and not entry.in_cinclude:
                      type = entry.type
                      key = type.vtabstruct_cname
                      if not key:
                          continue
                      if key in vtab_dict:
                          # FIXME: this should *never* happen, but apparently it does
                          # for Cython generated utility code
                          from .UtilityCode import NonManglingModuleScope
                          assert isinstance(entry.scope, NonManglingModuleScope), str(entry.scope)
                          assert isinstance(vtab_dict[key].scope, NonManglingModuleScope), str(vtab_dict[key].scope)
                      else:
                          vtab_dict[key] = entry
                          vtab_dict_order.append(key)
              all_defined_here = module is env
              for entry in module.type_entries:
                  if entry.used and (all_defined_here or entry.defined_in_pxd):
                      type = entry.type
                      if type.is_extension_type and not entry.in_cinclude:
                          type = entry.type
                          key = type.objstruct_cname
                          assert key not in vtabslot_dict, key
                          vtabslot_dict[key] = entry
                          vtabslot_dict_order.append(key)
  
          def vtabstruct_cname(entry_type):
              return entry_type.vtabstruct_cname
          vtab_list = self.sort_types_by_inheritance(
              vtab_dict, vtab_dict_order, vtabstruct_cname)
  
          def objstruct_cname(entry_type):
              return entry_type.objstruct_cname
          vtabslot_list = self.sort_types_by_inheritance(
              vtabslot_dict, vtabslot_dict_order, objstruct_cname)
  
          return (vtab_list, vtabslot_list)
  
      def sort_cdef_classes(self, env):
          key_func = operator.attrgetter('objstruct_cname')
          entry_dict, entry_order = {}, []
          for entry in env.c_class_entries:
              key = key_func(entry.type)
              assert key not in entry_dict, key
              entry_dict[key] = entry
              entry_order.append(key)
          env.c_class_entries[:] = self.sort_types_by_inheritance(
              entry_dict, entry_order, key_func)
  
      def generate_type_definitions(self, env, modules, vtab_list, vtabslot_list, code):
          # TODO: Why are these separated out?
          for entry in vtabslot_list:
              self.generate_objstruct_predeclaration(entry.type, code)
          vtabslot_entries = set(vtabslot_list)
          ctuple_names = set()
          for module in modules:
              definition = module is env
              type_entries = []
              for entry in module.type_entries:
                  if entry.type.is_ctuple and entry.used:
                      if entry.name not in ctuple_names:
                          ctuple_names.add(entry.name)
                          type_entries.append(entry)
                  elif definition or entry.defined_in_pxd:
                      type_entries.append(entry)
              type_entries = [t for t in type_entries if t not in vtabslot_entries]
              self.generate_type_header_code(type_entries, code)
          for entry in vtabslot_list:
              self.generate_objstruct_definition(entry.type, code)
              self.generate_typeobj_predeclaration(entry, code)
          for entry in vtab_list:
              self.generate_typeobj_predeclaration(entry, code)
              self.generate_exttype_vtable_struct(entry, code)
              self.generate_exttype_vtabptr_declaration(entry, code)
              self.generate_exttype_final_methods_declaration(entry, code)
  
      def generate_declarations_for_modules(self, env, modules, globalstate):
          typecode = globalstate['type_declarations']
          typecode.putln("")
          typecode.putln("/*--- Type declarations ---*/")
          # This is to work around the fact that array.h isn't part of the C-API,
          # but we need to declare it earlier than utility code.
          if 'cpython.array' in [m.qualified_name for m in modules]:
              typecode.putln('#ifndef _ARRAYARRAY_H')
              typecode.putln('struct arrayobject;')
              typecode.putln('typedef struct arrayobject arrayobject;')
              typecode.putln('#endif')
          vtab_list, vtabslot_list = self.sort_type_hierarchy(modules, env)
          self.generate_type_definitions(
              env, modules, vtab_list, vtabslot_list, typecode)
          modulecode = globalstate['module_declarations']
          for module in modules:
              defined_here = module is env
              modulecode.putln("")
              modulecode.putln("/* Module declarations from %s */" % module.qualified_name.as_c_string_literal())
              self.generate_c_class_declarations(module, modulecode, defined_here, globalstate)
              self.generate_cvariable_declarations(module, modulecode, defined_here)
              self.generate_cfunction_declarations(module, modulecode, defined_here)
  
      def _put_setup_code(self, code, name):
          code.put(UtilityCode.load_as_string(name, "ModuleSetupCode.c")[1])
  
      def generate_module_preamble(self, env, options, cimported_modules, metadata, code):
          code.put_generated_by()
          if metadata:
              code.putln("/* BEGIN: Cython Metadata")
              code.putln(json.dumps(metadata, indent=4, sort_keys=True))
              code.putln("END: Cython Metadata */")
              code.putln("")
  
          code.putln("#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN")
          self._put_setup_code(code, "InitLimitedAPI")
  
          for inc in sorted(env.c_includes.values(), key=IncludeCode.sortkey):
              if inc.location == inc.INITIAL:
                  inc.write(code)
          code.putln("#ifndef Py_PYTHON_H")
          code.putln("    #error Python headers needed to compile C extensions, "
                     "please install development version of Python.")
          code.putln("#elif PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02070000 || "
                     "(0x03000000 <= PY_VERSION_HEX && PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03030000)")
          code.putln("    #error Cython requires Python 2.7+ or Python 3.3+.")
          code.putln("#else")
          code.globalstate["end"].putln("#endif /* Py_PYTHON_H */")
  
          from .. import __version__
          code.putln('#define CYTHON_ABI "%s"' % __version__.replace('.', '_'))
          code.putln('#define __PYX_ABI_MODULE_NAME "_cython_" CYTHON_ABI')
          code.putln('#define __PYX_TYPE_MODULE_PREFIX __PYX_ABI_MODULE_NAME "."')
          code.putln('#define CYTHON_HEX_VERSION %s' % build_hex_version(__version__))
          code.putln("#define CYTHON_FUTURE_DIVISION %d" % (
              Future.division in env.context.future_directives))
  
          self._put_setup_code(code, "CModulePreamble")
          if env.context.options.cplus:
              self._put_setup_code(code, "CppInitCode")
          else:
              self._put_setup_code(code, "CInitCode")
          self._put_setup_code(code, "PythonCompatibility")
          self._put_setup_code(code, "MathInitCode")
  
          # Using "(void)cname" to prevent "unused" warnings.
          if options.c_line_in_traceback:
              cinfo = "%s = %s; (void)%s; " % (Naming.clineno_cname, Naming.line_c_macro, Naming.clineno_cname)
          else:
              cinfo = ""
          code.putln("#define __PYX_MARK_ERR_POS(f_index, lineno) \\")
          code.putln("    { %s = %s[f_index]; (void)%s; %s = lineno; (void)%s; %s}" % (
              Naming.filename_cname, Naming.filetable_cname, Naming.filename_cname,
              Naming.lineno_cname, Naming.lineno_cname,
              cinfo
          ))
          code.putln("#define __PYX_ERR(f_index, lineno, Ln_error) \\")
          code.putln("    { __PYX_MARK_ERR_POS(f_index, lineno) goto Ln_error; }")
  
          code.putln("")
          self.generate_extern_c_macro_definition(code)
          code.putln("")
  
          code.putln("#define %s" % self.api_name(Naming.h_guard_prefix, env))
          code.putln("#define %s" % self.api_name(Naming.api_guard_prefix, env))
          code.putln("/* Early includes */")
          self.generate_includes(env, cimported_modules, code, late=False)
          code.putln("")
          code.putln("#if defined(PYREX_WITHOUT_ASSERTIONS) && !defined(CYTHON_WITHOUT_ASSERTIONS)")
          code.putln("#define CYTHON_WITHOUT_ASSERTIONS")
          code.putln("#endif")
          code.putln("")
  
          if env.directives['ccomplex']:
              code.putln("")
              code.putln("#if !defined(CYTHON_CCOMPLEX)")
              code.putln("#define CYTHON_CCOMPLEX 1")
              code.putln("#endif")
              code.putln("")
          code.put(UtilityCode.load_as_string("UtilityFunctionPredeclarations", "ModuleSetupCode.c")[0])
  
          c_string_type = env.directives['c_string_type']
          c_string_encoding = env.directives['c_string_encoding']
          if c_string_type not in ('bytes', 'bytearray') and not c_string_encoding:
              error(self.pos, "a default encoding must be provided if c_string_type is not a byte type")
          code.putln('#define __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII %s' % int(c_string_encoding == 'ascii'))
          code.putln('#define __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_UTF8 %s' %
                  int(c_string_encoding.replace('-', '').lower() == 'utf8'))
          if c_string_encoding == 'default':
              code.putln('#define __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_DEFAULT 1')
          else:
              code.putln('#define __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_DEFAULT '
                      '(PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_UTF8)')
              code.putln('#define __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING "%s"' % c_string_encoding)
          if c_string_type == 'bytearray':
              c_string_func_name = 'ByteArray'
          else:
              c_string_func_name = c_string_type.title()
          code.putln('#define __Pyx_PyObject_FromString __Pyx_Py%s_FromString' % c_string_func_name)
          code.putln('#define __Pyx_PyObject_FromStringAndSize __Pyx_Py%s_FromStringAndSize' % c_string_func_name)
          code.put(UtilityCode.load_as_string("TypeConversions", "TypeConversion.c")[0])
  
          # These utility functions are assumed to exist and used elsewhere.
          PyrexTypes.c_long_type.create_to_py_utility_code(env)
          PyrexTypes.c_long_type.create_from_py_utility_code(env)
          PyrexTypes.c_int_type.create_from_py_utility_code(env)
  
          code.put(Nodes.branch_prediction_macros)
          code.putln('static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_pretend_to_initialize(void* ptr) { (void)ptr; }')
          code.putln('')
          code.putln('#if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API')
          code.putln('static PyObject *%s = NULL;' % env.module_cname)
          code.putln('static PyObject *%s;' % env.module_dict_cname)
          code.putln('static PyObject *%s;' % Naming.builtins_cname)
          code.putln('static PyObject *%s = NULL;' % Naming.cython_runtime_cname)
          code.putln('static PyObject *%s;' % Naming.empty_tuple)
          code.putln('static PyObject *%s;' % Naming.empty_bytes)
          code.putln('static PyObject *%s;' % Naming.empty_unicode)
          if Options.pre_import is not None:
              code.putln('static PyObject *%s;' % Naming.preimport_cname)
          code.putln('#endif')
  
          code.putln('static int %s;' % Naming.lineno_cname)
          code.putln('static int %s = 0;' % Naming.clineno_cname)
          code.putln('static const char * %s = %s;' % (Naming.cfilenm_cname, Naming.file_c_macro))
          code.putln('static const char *%s;' % Naming.filename_cname)
  
          env.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("FastTypeChecks", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
          if has_np_pythran(env):
              env.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("PythranConversion", "CppSupport.cpp"))
  
      def generate_extern_c_macro_definition(self, code):
          name = Naming.extern_c_macro
          code.putln("#ifndef %s" % name)
          code.putln("  #ifdef __cplusplus")
          code.putln('    #define %s extern "C"' % name)
          code.putln("  #else")
          code.putln("    #define %s extern" % name)
          code.putln("  #endif")
          code.putln("#endif")
  
      def generate_dl_import_macro(self, code):
          code.putln("#ifndef DL_IMPORT")
          code.putln("  #define DL_IMPORT(_T) _T")
          code.putln("#endif")
  
      def generate_includes(self, env, cimported_modules, code, early=True, late=True):
          for inc in sorted(env.c_includes.values(), key=IncludeCode.sortkey):
              if inc.location == inc.EARLY:
                  if early:
                      inc.write(code)
              elif inc.location == inc.LATE:
                  if late:
                      inc.write(code)
          if early:
              code.putln_openmp("#include <omp.h>")
  
      def generate_filename_table(self, code):
          from os.path import isabs, basename
          code.putln("")
          code.putln("static const char *%s[] = {" % Naming.filetable_cname)
          if code.globalstate.filename_list:
              for source_desc in code.globalstate.filename_list:
                  file_path = source_desc.get_filenametable_entry()
                  if isabs(file_path):
                      file_path = basename(file_path)  # never include absolute paths
                  escaped_filename = file_path.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', r'\"')
                  escaped_filename = as_encoded_filename(escaped_filename)
                  code.putln('%s,' % escaped_filename.as_c_string_literal())
          else:
              # Some C compilers don't like an empty array
              code.putln("0")
          code.putln("};")
  
      def generate_type_predeclarations(self, env, code):
          pass
  
      def generate_type_header_code(self, type_entries, code):
          # Generate definitions of structs/unions/enums/typedefs/objstructs.
          #self.generate_gcc33_hack(env, code) # Is this still needed?
          # Forward declarations
          for entry in type_entries:
              if not entry.in_cinclude:
                  #print "generate_type_header_code:", entry.name, repr(entry.type) ###
                  type = entry.type
                  if type.is_typedef: # Must test this first!
                      pass
                  elif type.is_struct_or_union or type.is_cpp_class:
                      self.generate_struct_union_predeclaration(entry, code)
                  elif type.is_ctuple and entry.used:
                      self.generate_struct_union_predeclaration(entry.type.struct_entry, code)
                  elif type.is_extension_type:
                      self.generate_objstruct_predeclaration(type, code)
          # Actual declarations
          for entry in type_entries:
              if not entry.in_cinclude:
                  #print "generate_type_header_code:", entry.name, repr(entry.type) ###
                  type = entry.type
                  if type.is_typedef: # Must test this first!
                      self.generate_typedef(entry, code)
                  elif type.is_enum:
                      self.generate_enum_definition(entry, code)
                  elif type.is_struct_or_union:
                      self.generate_struct_union_definition(entry, code)
                  elif type.is_ctuple and entry.used:
                      self.generate_struct_union_definition(entry.type.struct_entry, code)
                  elif type.is_cpp_class:
                      self.generate_cpp_class_definition(entry, code)
                  elif type.is_extension_type:
                      self.generate_objstruct_definition(type, code)
  
      def generate_gcc33_hack(self, env, code):
          # Workaround for spurious warning generation in gcc 3.3
          code.putln("")
          for entry in env.c_class_entries:
              type = entry.type
              if not type.typedef_flag:
                  name = type.objstruct_cname
                  if name.startswith("__pyx_"):
                      tail = name[6:]
                  else:
                      tail = name
                  code.putln("typedef struct %s __pyx_gcc33_%s;" % (
                      name, tail))
  
      def generate_typedef(self, entry, code):
          base_type = entry.type.typedef_base_type
          if base_type.is_numeric:
              try:
                  writer = code.globalstate['numeric_typedefs']
              except KeyError:
                  writer = code
          else:
              writer = code
          writer.mark_pos(entry.pos)
          writer.putln("typedef %s;" % base_type.declaration_code(entry.cname))
  
      def sue_predeclaration(self, type, kind, name):
          if type.typedef_flag:
              return "%s %s;\ntypedef %s %s %s;" % (
                  kind, name,
                  kind, name, name)
          else:
              return "%s %s;" % (kind, name)
  
      def generate_struct_union_predeclaration(self, entry, code):
          type = entry.type
          if type.is_cpp_class and type.templates:
              code.putln("template <typename %s>" % ", typename ".join(
                  [T.empty_declaration_code() for T in type.templates]))
          code.putln(self.sue_predeclaration(type, type.kind, type.cname))
  
      def sue_header_footer(self, type, kind, name):
          header = "%s %s {" % (kind, name)
          footer = "};"
          return header, footer
  
      def generate_struct_union_definition(self, entry, code):
          code.mark_pos(entry.pos)
          type = entry.type
          scope = type.scope
          if scope:
              kind = type.kind
              packed = type.is_struct and type.packed
              if packed:
                  kind = "%s %s" % (type.kind, "__Pyx_PACKED")
                  code.globalstate.use_utility_code(packed_struct_utility_code)
              header, footer = \
                  self.sue_header_footer(type, kind, type.cname)
              if packed:
                  code.putln("#if defined(__SUNPRO_C)")
                  code.putln("  #pragma pack(1)")
                  code.putln("#elif !defined(__GNUC__)")
                  code.putln("  #pragma pack(push, 1)")
                  code.putln("#endif")
              code.putln(header)
              var_entries = scope.var_entries
              if not var_entries:
                  error(entry.pos, "Empty struct or union definition not allowed outside a 'cdef extern from' block")
              for attr in var_entries:
                  code.putln(
                      "%s;" % attr.type.declaration_code(attr.cname))
              code.putln(footer)
              if packed:
                  code.putln("#if defined(__SUNPRO_C)")
                  code.putln("  #pragma pack()")
                  code.putln("#elif !defined(__GNUC__)")
                  code.putln("  #pragma pack(pop)")
                  code.putln("#endif")
  
      def generate_cpp_class_definition(self, entry, code):
          code.mark_pos(entry.pos)
          type = entry.type
          scope = type.scope
          if scope:
              if type.templates:
                  code.putln("template <class %s>" % ", class ".join(
                      [T.empty_declaration_code() for T in type.templates]))
              # Just let everything be public.
              code.put("struct %s" % type.cname)
              if type.base_classes:
                  base_class_decl = ", public ".join(
                      [base_class.empty_declaration_code() for base_class in type.base_classes])
                  code.put(" : public %s" % base_class_decl)
              code.putln(" {")
              py_attrs = [e for e in scope.entries.values()
                          if e.type.is_pyobject and not e.is_inherited]
              has_virtual_methods = False
              constructor = None
              destructor = None
              for attr in scope.var_entries:
                  if attr.type.is_cfunction and attr.type.is_static_method:
                      code.put("static ")
                  elif attr.name == "<init>":
                      constructor = attr
                  elif attr.name == "<del>":
                      destructor = attr
                  elif attr.type.is_cfunction:
                      code.put("virtual ")
                      has_virtual_methods = True
                  code.putln("%s;" % attr.type.declaration_code(attr.cname))
              is_implementing = 'init_module' in code.globalstate.parts
              if constructor or py_attrs:
                  if constructor:
                      arg_decls = []
                      arg_names = []
                      for arg in constructor.type.original_args[
                              :len(constructor.type.args)-constructor.type.optional_arg_count]:
                          arg_decls.append(arg.declaration_code())
                          arg_names.append(arg.cname)
                      if constructor.type.optional_arg_count:
                          arg_decls.append(constructor.type.op_arg_struct.declaration_code(Naming.optional_args_cname))
                          arg_names.append(Naming.optional_args_cname)
                      if not arg_decls:
                          arg_decls = ["void"]
                  else:
                      arg_decls = ["void"]
                      arg_names = []
                  if is_implementing:
                    code.putln("%s(%s) {" % (type.cname, ", ".join(arg_decls)))
                    if py_attrs:
                        code.put_ensure_gil()
                        for attr in py_attrs:
                            code.put_init_var_to_py_none(attr, nanny=False)
                    if constructor:
                        code.putln("%s(%s);" % (constructor.cname, ", ".join(arg_names)))
                    if py_attrs:
                        code.put_release_ensured_gil()
                    code.putln("}")
                  else:
                    code.putln("%s(%s);" % (type.cname, ", ".join(arg_decls)))
              if destructor or py_attrs or has_virtual_methods:
                  if has_virtual_methods:
                      code.put("virtual ")
                  if is_implementing:
                    code.putln("~%s() {" % type.cname)
                    if py_attrs:
                        code.put_ensure_gil()
                    if destructor:
                        code.putln("%s();" % destructor.cname)
                    if py_attrs:
                        for attr in py_attrs:
                            code.put_var_xdecref(attr, nanny=False)
                        code.put_release_ensured_gil()
                    code.putln("}")
                  else:
                    code.putln("~%s();" % type.cname)
              if py_attrs:
                  # Also need copy constructor and assignment operators.
                  if is_implementing:
                    code.putln("%s(const %s& __Pyx_other) {" % (type.cname, type.cname))
                    code.put_ensure_gil()
                    for attr in scope.var_entries:
                        if not attr.type.is_cfunction:
                            code.putln("%s = __Pyx_other.%s;" % (attr.cname, attr.cname))
                            code.put_var_incref(attr, nanny=False)
                    code.put_release_ensured_gil()
                    code.putln("}")
                    code.putln("%s& operator=(const %s& __Pyx_other) {" % (type.cname, type.cname))
                    code.putln("if (this != &__Pyx_other) {")
                    code.put_ensure_gil()
                    for attr in scope.var_entries:
                        if not attr.type.is_cfunction:
                            code.put_var_xdecref(attr, nanny=False)
                            code.putln("%s = __Pyx_other.%s;" % (attr.cname, attr.cname))
                            code.put_var_incref(attr, nanny=False)
                    code.put_release_ensured_gil()
                    code.putln("}")
                    code.putln("return *this;")
                    code.putln("}")
                  else:
                    code.putln("%s(const %s& __Pyx_other);" % (type.cname, type.cname))
                    code.putln("%s& operator=(const %s& __Pyx_other);" % (type.cname, type.cname))
              code.putln("};")
  
      def generate_enum_definition(self, entry, code):
          code.mark_pos(entry.pos)
          type = entry.type
          name = entry.cname or entry.name or ""
          header, footer = self.sue_header_footer(type, "enum", name)
          code.putln(header)
          enum_values = entry.enum_values
          if not enum_values:
              error(entry.pos, "Empty enum definition not allowed outside a 'cdef extern from' block")
          else:
              last_entry = enum_values[-1]
              # this does not really generate code, just builds the result value
              for value_entry in enum_values:
                  if value_entry.value_node is not None:
                      value_entry.value_node.generate_evaluation_code(code)
  
              for value_entry in enum_values:
                  if value_entry.value_node is None:
                      value_code = value_entry.cname
                  else:
                      value_code = ("%s = %s" % (
                          value_entry.cname,
                          value_entry.value_node.result()))
                  if value_entry is not last_entry:
                      value_code += ","
                  code.putln(value_code)
          code.putln(footer)
          if entry.type.typedef_flag:
              # Not pre-declared.
              code.putln("typedef enum %s %s;" % (name, name))
  
      def generate_typeobj_predeclaration(self, entry, code):
          code.putln("")
          name = entry.type.typeobj_cname
          if name:
              if entry.visibility == 'extern' and not entry.in_cinclude:
                  code.putln("%s %s %s;" % (
                      Naming.extern_c_macro,
                      PyrexTypes.public_decl("PyTypeObject", "DL_IMPORT"),
                      name))
              elif entry.visibility == 'public':
                  code.putln("%s %s %s;" % (
                      Naming.extern_c_macro,
                      PyrexTypes.public_decl("PyTypeObject", "DL_EXPORT"),
                      name))
              # ??? Do we really need the rest of this? ???
              #else:
              #    code.putln("static PyTypeObject %s;" % name)
  
      def generate_exttype_vtable_struct(self, entry, code):
          if not entry.used:
              return
  
          code.mark_pos(entry.pos)
          # Generate struct declaration for an extension type's vtable.
          type = entry.type
          scope = type.scope
  
          self.specialize_fused_types(scope)
  
          if type.vtabstruct_cname:
              code.putln("")
              code.putln("struct %s {" % type.vtabstruct_cname)
              if type.base_type and type.base_type.vtabstruct_cname:
                  code.putln("struct %s %s;" % (
                      type.base_type.vtabstruct_cname,
                      Naming.obj_base_cname))
              for method_entry in scope.cfunc_entries:
                  if not method_entry.is_inherited:
                      code.putln("%s;" % method_entry.type.declaration_code("(*%s)" % method_entry.cname))
              code.putln("};")
  
      def generate_exttype_vtabptr_declaration(self, entry, code):
          if not entry.used:
              return
  
          code.mark_pos(entry.pos)
          # Generate declaration of pointer to an extension type's vtable.
          type = entry.type
          if type.vtabptr_cname:
              code.putln("static struct %s *%s;" % (
                  type.vtabstruct_cname,
                  type.vtabptr_cname))
  
      def generate_exttype_final_methods_declaration(self, entry, code):
          if not entry.used:
              return
  
          code.mark_pos(entry.pos)
          # Generate final methods prototypes
          type = entry.type
          for method_entry in entry.type.scope.cfunc_entries:
              if not method_entry.is_inherited and method_entry.final_func_cname:
                  declaration = method_entry.type.declaration_code(
                      method_entry.final_func_cname)
                  modifiers = code.build_function_modifiers(method_entry.func_modifiers)
                  code.putln("static %s%s;" % (modifiers, declaration))
  
      def generate_objstruct_predeclaration(self, type, code):
          if not type.scope:
              return
          code.putln(self.sue_predeclaration(type, "struct", type.objstruct_cname))
  
      def generate_objstruct_definition(self, type, code):
          code.mark_pos(type.pos)
          # Generate object struct definition for an
          # extension type.
          if not type.scope:
              return # Forward declared but never defined
          header, footer = \
              self.sue_header_footer(type, "struct", type.objstruct_cname)
          code.putln(header)
          base_type = type.base_type
          if base_type:
              basestruct_cname = base_type.objstruct_cname
              if basestruct_cname == "PyTypeObject":
                  # User-defined subclasses of type are heap allocated.
                  basestruct_cname = "PyHeapTypeObject"
              code.putln(
                  "%s%s %s;" % (
                      ("struct ", "")[base_type.typedef_flag],
                      basestruct_cname,
                      Naming.obj_base_cname))
          else:
              code.putln(
                  "PyObject_HEAD")
          if type.vtabslot_cname and not (type.base_type and type.base_type.vtabslot_cname):
              code.putln(
                  "struct %s *%s;" % (
                      type.vtabstruct_cname,
                      type.vtabslot_cname))
          for attr in type.scope.var_entries:
              if attr.is_declared_generic:
                  attr_type = py_object_type
              else:
                  attr_type = attr.type
              code.putln(
                  "%s;" % attr_type.declaration_code(attr.cname))
          code.putln(footer)
          if type.objtypedef_cname is not None:
              # Only for exposing public typedef name.
              code.putln("typedef struct %s %s;" % (type.objstruct_cname, type.objtypedef_cname))
  
      def generate_c_class_declarations(self, env, code, definition, globalstate):
          module_state = globalstate['module_state']
          module_state_defines = globalstate['module_state_defines']
          module_state_clear = globalstate['module_state_clear']
          module_state_traverse = globalstate['module_state_traverse']
          code.putln("#if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          for entry in env.c_class_entries:
              if definition or entry.defined_in_pxd:
                  code.putln("static PyTypeObject *%s = 0;" % (
                      entry.type.typeptr_cname))
                  module_state.putln("PyTypeObject *%s;" % entry.type.typeptr_cname)
                  module_state_defines.putln("#define %s %s->%s" % (
                      entry.type.typeptr_cname,
                      Naming.modulestateglobal_cname,
                      entry.type.typeptr_cname))
                  module_state_clear.putln(
                      "Py_CLEAR(clear_module_state->%s);" %
                      entry.type.typeptr_cname)
                  module_state_traverse.putln(
                      "Py_VISIT(traverse_module_state->%s);" %
                      entry.type.typeptr_cname)
                  if entry.type.typeobj_cname is not None:
                      module_state.putln("PyObject *%s;" % entry.type.typeobj_cname)
                      module_state_defines.putln("#define %s %s->%s" % (
                          entry.type.typeobj_cname,
                          Naming.modulestateglobal_cname,
                          entry.type.typeobj_cname))
                      module_state_clear.putln(
                          "Py_CLEAR(clear_module_state->%s);" % (
                          entry.type.typeobj_cname))
                      module_state_traverse.putln(
                          "Py_VISIT(traverse_module_state->%s);" % (
                          entry.type.typeobj_cname))
          code.putln("#endif")
  
      def generate_cvariable_declarations(self, env, code, definition):
          if env.is_cython_builtin:
              return
          for entry in env.var_entries:
              if (entry.in_cinclude or entry.in_closure or
                      (entry.visibility == 'private' and not (entry.defined_in_pxd or entry.used))):
                  continue
  
              storage_class = None
              dll_linkage = None
              init = None
  
              if entry.visibility == 'extern':
                  storage_class = Naming.extern_c_macro
                  dll_linkage = "DL_IMPORT"
              elif entry.visibility == 'public':
                  storage_class = Naming.extern_c_macro
                  if definition:
                      dll_linkage = "DL_EXPORT"
                  else:
                      dll_linkage = "DL_IMPORT"
              elif entry.visibility == 'private':
                  storage_class = "static"
                  dll_linkage = None
                  if entry.init is not None:
                      init = entry.type.literal_code(entry.init)
              type = entry.type
              cname = entry.cname
  
              if entry.defined_in_pxd and not definition:
                  storage_class = "static"
                  dll_linkage = None
                  type = CPtrType(type)
                  cname = env.mangle(Naming.varptr_prefix, entry.name)
                  init = 0
  
              if storage_class:
                  code.put("%s " % storage_class)
              code.put(type.declaration_code(
                  cname, dll_linkage=dll_linkage))
              if init is not None:
                  code.put_safe(" = %s" % init)
              code.putln(";")
              if entry.cname != cname:
                  code.putln("#define %s (*%s)" % (entry.cname, cname))
  
      def generate_cfunction_declarations(self, env, code, definition):
          for entry in env.cfunc_entries:
              if entry.used or (entry.visibility == 'public' or entry.api):
                  generate_cfunction_declaration(entry, env, code, definition)
  
      def generate_variable_definitions(self, env, code):
          for entry in env.var_entries:
              if not entry.in_cinclude and entry.visibility == "public":
                  code.put(entry.type.declaration_code(entry.cname))
                  if entry.init is not None:
                      init = entry.type.literal_code(entry.init)
                      code.put_safe(" = %s" % init)
                  code.putln(";")
  
      def generate_typeobj_definitions(self, env, code):
          full_module_name = env.qualified_name
          for entry in env.c_class_entries:
              #print "generate_typeobj_definitions:", entry.name
              #print "...visibility =", entry.visibility
              if entry.visibility != 'extern':
                  type = entry.type
                  scope = type.scope
                  if scope: # could be None if there was an error
                      self.generate_exttype_vtable(scope, code)
                      self.generate_new_function(scope, code, entry)
                      self.generate_dealloc_function(scope, code)
                      if scope.needs_gc():
                          self.generate_traverse_function(scope, code, entry)
                          if scope.needs_tp_clear():
                              self.generate_clear_function(scope, code, entry)
                      if scope.defines_any_special(["__getitem__"]):
                          self.generate_getitem_int_function(scope, code)
                      if scope.defines_any_special(["__setitem__", "__delitem__"]):
                          self.generate_ass_subscript_function(scope, code)
                      if scope.defines_any_special(["__getslice__", "__setslice__", "__delslice__"]):
                          warning(self.pos,
                                  "__getslice__, __setslice__, and __delslice__ are not supported by Python 3, "
                                  "use __getitem__, __setitem__, and __delitem__ instead", 1)
                          code.putln("#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3")
                          code.putln("#error __getslice__, __setslice__, and __delslice__ not supported in Python 3.")
                          code.putln("#endif")
                      if scope.defines_any_special(["__setslice__", "__delslice__"]):
                          self.generate_ass_slice_function(scope, code)
                      if scope.defines_any_special(["__getattr__", "__getattribute__"]):
                          self.generate_getattro_function(scope, code)
                      if scope.defines_any_special(["__setattr__", "__delattr__"]):
                          self.generate_setattro_function(scope, code)
                      if scope.defines_any_special(["__get__"]):
                          self.generate_descr_get_function(scope, code)
                      if scope.defines_any_special(["__set__", "__delete__"]):
                          self.generate_descr_set_function(scope, code)
                      if not scope.is_closure_class_scope and scope.defines_any(["__dict__"]):
                          self.generate_dict_getter_function(scope, code)
                      if scope.defines_any_special(TypeSlots.richcmp_special_methods):
                          self.generate_richcmp_function(scope, code)
                      for slot in TypeSlots.PyNumberMethods:
                          if slot.is_binop and scope.defines_any_special(slot.user_methods):
                              self.generate_binop_function(scope, slot, code, entry.pos)
                      self.generate_property_accessors(scope, code)
                      self.generate_method_table(scope, code)
                      self.generate_getset_table(scope, code)
                      code.putln("#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
                      self.generate_typeobj_spec(entry, code)
                      code.putln("#else")
                      self.generate_typeobj_definition(full_module_name, entry, code)
                      code.putln("#endif")
  
      def generate_exttype_vtable(self, scope, code):
          # Generate the definition of an extension type's vtable.
          type = scope.parent_type
          if type.vtable_cname:
              code.putln("static struct %s %s;" % (
                  type.vtabstruct_cname,
                  type.vtable_cname))
  
      def generate_self_cast(self, scope, code):
          type = scope.parent_type
          code.putln(
              "%s = (%s)o;" % (
                  type.declaration_code("p"),
                  type.empty_declaration_code()))
  
      def generate_new_function(self, scope, code, cclass_entry):
          tp_slot = TypeSlots.ConstructorSlot("tp_new", "__cinit__")
          slot_func = scope.mangle_internal("tp_new")
          if tp_slot.slot_code(scope) != slot_func:
              return  # never used
  
          type = scope.parent_type
          base_type = type.base_type
  
          have_entries, (py_attrs, py_buffers, memoryview_slices) = \
                          scope.get_refcounted_entries()
          is_final_type = scope.parent_type.is_final_type
          if scope.is_internal:
              # internal classes (should) never need None inits, normal zeroing will do
              py_attrs = []
          cpp_class_attrs = [entry for entry in scope.var_entries
                             if entry.type.is_cpp_class]
  
          cinit_func_entry = scope.lookup_here("__cinit__")
          if cinit_func_entry and not cinit_func_entry.is_special:
              cinit_func_entry = None
  
          if base_type or (cinit_func_entry and not cinit_func_entry.trivial_signature):
              unused_marker = ''
          else:
              unused_marker = 'CYTHON_UNUSED '
  
          if base_type:
              freelist_size = 0  # not currently supported
          else:
              freelist_size = scope.directives.get('freelist', 0)
          freelist_name = scope.mangle_internal(Naming.freelist_name)
          freecount_name = scope.mangle_internal(Naming.freecount_name)
  
          decls = code.globalstate['decls']
          decls.putln("static PyObject *%s(PyTypeObject *t, PyObject *a, PyObject *k); /*proto*/" %
                      slot_func)
          code.putln("")
          if freelist_size:
              code.putln("static %s[%d];" % (
                  scope.parent_type.declaration_code(freelist_name),
                  freelist_size))
              code.putln("static int %s = 0;" % freecount_name)
              code.putln("")
          code.putln(
              "static PyObject *%s(PyTypeObject *t, %sPyObject *a, %sPyObject *k) {" % (
                  slot_func, unused_marker, unused_marker))
  
          need_self_cast = (type.vtabslot_cname or
                            (py_buffers or memoryview_slices or py_attrs) or
                            cpp_class_attrs)
          if need_self_cast:
              code.putln("%s;" % scope.parent_type.declaration_code("p"))
          if base_type:
              code.putln("#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
              code.putln("newfunc new_func = (newfunc)PyType_GetSlot(%s, Py_tp_new);" %
                  base_type.typeptr_cname)
              code.putln("PyObject *o = new_func(t, a, k);")
              code.putln("#else")
              tp_new = TypeSlots.get_base_slot_function(scope, tp_slot)
              if tp_new is None:
                  tp_new = "%s->tp_new" % base_type.typeptr_cname
              code.putln("PyObject *o = %s(t, a, k);" % tp_new)
              code.putln("#endif")
          else:
              code.putln("PyObject *o;")
              code.putln("#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
              code.putln("allocfunc alloc_func = (allocfunc)PyType_GetSlot(t, Py_tp_alloc);")
              code.putln("o = alloc_func(t, 0);")
              code.putln("#else")
              if freelist_size:
                  code.globalstate.use_utility_code(
                      UtilityCode.load_cached("IncludeStringH", "StringTools.c"))
                  if is_final_type:
                      type_safety_check = ''
                  else:
                      type_safety_check = ' & (!__Pyx_PyType_HasFeature(t, (Py_TPFLAGS_IS_ABSTRACT | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)))'
                  obj_struct = type.declaration_code("", deref=True)
                  code.putln(
                      "if (CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON && likely((%s > 0) & (t->tp_basicsize == sizeof(%s))%s)) {" % (
                          freecount_name, obj_struct, type_safety_check))
                  code.putln("o = (PyObject*)%s[--%s];" % (
                      freelist_name, freecount_name))
                  code.putln("memset(o, 0, sizeof(%s));" % obj_struct)
                  code.putln("(void) PyObject_INIT(o, t);")
                  if scope.needs_gc():
                      code.putln("PyObject_GC_Track(o);")
                  code.putln("} else {")
              if not is_final_type:
                  code.putln("if (likely(!__Pyx_PyType_HasFeature(t, Py_TPFLAGS_IS_ABSTRACT))) {")
              code.putln("o = (*t->tp_alloc)(t, 0);")
              if not is_final_type:
                  code.putln("} else {")
                  code.putln("o = (PyObject *) PyBaseObject_Type.tp_new(t, %s, 0);" % Naming.empty_tuple)
                  code.putln("}")
          code.putln("if (unlikely(!o)) return 0;")
          if freelist_size and not base_type:
              code.putln('}')
          if not base_type:
              code.putln("#endif")
          if need_self_cast:
              code.putln("p = %s;" % type.cast_code("o"))
          #if need_self_cast:
          #    self.generate_self_cast(scope, code)
  
          # from this point on, ensure DECREF(o) on failure
          needs_error_cleanup = False
  
          if type.vtabslot_cname:
              vtab_base_type = type
              while vtab_base_type.base_type and vtab_base_type.base_type.vtabstruct_cname:
                  vtab_base_type = vtab_base_type.base_type
              if vtab_base_type is not type:
                  struct_type_cast = "(struct %s*)" % vtab_base_type.vtabstruct_cname
              else:
                  struct_type_cast = ""
              code.putln("p->%s = %s%s;" % (
                  type.vtabslot_cname,
                  struct_type_cast, type.vtabptr_cname))
  
          for entry in cpp_class_attrs:
              code.putln("new((void*)&(p->%s)) %s();" % (
                  entry.cname, entry.type.empty_declaration_code()))
  
          for entry in py_attrs:
              if entry.name == "__dict__":
                  needs_error_cleanup = True
                  code.put("p->%s = PyDict_New(); if (unlikely(!p->%s)) goto bad;" % (
                      entry.cname, entry.cname))
              else:
                  code.put_init_var_to_py_none(entry, "p->%s", nanny=False)
  
          for entry in memoryview_slices:
              code.putln("p->%s.data = NULL;" % entry.cname)
              code.putln("p->%s.memview = NULL;" % entry.cname)
  
          for entry in py_buffers:
              code.putln("p->%s.obj = NULL;" % entry.cname)
  
          if cclass_entry.cname == '__pyx_memoryviewslice':
              code.putln("p->from_slice.memview = NULL;")
  
          if cinit_func_entry:
              if cinit_func_entry.trivial_signature:
                  cinit_args = "o, %s, NULL" % Naming.empty_tuple
              else:
                  cinit_args = "o, a, k"
              needs_error_cleanup = True
              code.putln("if (unlikely(%s(%s) < 0)) goto bad;" % (
                  cinit_func_entry.func_cname, cinit_args))
  
          code.putln(
              "return o;")
          if needs_error_cleanup:
              code.putln("bad:")
              code.put_decref_clear("o", py_object_type, nanny=False)
              code.putln("return NULL;")
          code.putln(
              "}")
  
      def generate_dealloc_function(self, scope, code):
          tp_slot = TypeSlots.ConstructorSlot("tp_dealloc", '__dealloc__')
          slot_func = scope.mangle_internal("tp_dealloc")
          base_type = scope.parent_type.base_type
          if tp_slot.slot_code(scope) != slot_func:
              return  # never used
  
          slot_func_cname = scope.mangle_internal("tp_dealloc")
          code.putln("")
          cdealloc_func_entry = scope.lookup_here("__dealloc__")
          if cdealloc_func_entry and not cdealloc_func_entry.is_special:
              cdealloc_func_entry = None
          if cdealloc_func_entry is None:
              code.putln("#if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          code.putln(
              "static void %s(PyObject *o) {" % slot_func_cname)
  
          is_final_type = scope.parent_type.is_final_type
          needs_gc = scope.needs_gc()
          needs_trashcan = scope.needs_trashcan()
  
          weakref_slot = scope.lookup_here("__weakref__") if not scope.is_closure_class_scope else None
          if weakref_slot not in scope.var_entries:
              weakref_slot = None
  
          dict_slot = scope.lookup_here("__dict__") if not scope.is_closure_class_scope else None
          if dict_slot not in scope.var_entries:
              dict_slot = None
  
          _, (py_attrs, _, memoryview_slices) = scope.get_refcounted_entries()
          cpp_class_attrs = [entry for entry in scope.var_entries
                             if entry.type.is_cpp_class]
  
          if py_attrs or cpp_class_attrs or memoryview_slices or weakref_slot or dict_slot:
              self.generate_self_cast(scope, code)
  
          if not is_final_type:
              # in Py3.4+, call tp_finalize() as early as possible
              code.putln("#if CYTHON_USE_TP_FINALIZE")
              if needs_gc:
                  finalised_check = '!_PyGC_FINALIZED(o)'
              else:
                  finalised_check = (
                      '(!PyType_IS_GC(Py_TYPE(o)) || !_PyGC_FINALIZED(o))')
              code.putln(
                  "if (unlikely("
                  "(PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03080000 || __Pyx_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(o), Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE))"
                  " && Py_TYPE(o)->tp_finalize) && %s) {" % finalised_check)
              # if instance was resurrected by finaliser, return
              code.putln("if (PyObject_CallFinalizerFromDealloc(o)) return;")
              code.putln("}")
              code.putln("#endif")
  
          if needs_gc:
              # We must mark this object as (gc) untracked while tearing
              # it down, lest the garbage collection is invoked while
              # running this destructor.
              code.putln("PyObject_GC_UnTrack(o);")
  
          if needs_trashcan:
              code.globalstate.use_utility_code(
                  UtilityCode.load_cached("PyTrashcan", "ExtensionTypes.c"))
              code.putln("__Pyx_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(o, %s)" % slot_func_cname)
  
          if weakref_slot:
              # We must clean the weakreferences before calling the user's __dealloc__
              # because if the __dealloc__ releases the GIL, a weakref can be
              # dereferenced accessing the object in an inconsistent state or
              # resurrecting it.
              code.putln("if (p->__weakref__) PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(o);")
  
          # call the user's __dealloc__
          self.generate_usr_dealloc_call(scope, code)
  
          if dict_slot:
              code.putln("if (p->__dict__) PyDict_Clear(p->__dict__);")
  
          for entry in cpp_class_attrs:
              code.putln("__Pyx_call_destructor(p->%s);" % entry.cname)
  
          for entry in (py_attrs + memoryview_slices):
              code.put_xdecref_clear("p->%s" % entry.cname, entry.type, nanny=False,
                                     clear_before_decref=True, have_gil=True)
  
          if base_type:
              if needs_gc:
                  # The base class deallocator probably expects this to be tracked,
                  # so undo the untracking above.
                  if base_type.scope and base_type.scope.needs_gc():
                      code.putln("PyObject_GC_Track(o);")
                  else:
                      code.putln("#if CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS")
                      code.putln("if (PyType_IS_GC(Py_TYPE(o)->tp_base))")
                      code.putln("#endif")
                      code.putln("PyObject_GC_Track(o);")
  
              tp_dealloc = TypeSlots.get_base_slot_function(scope, tp_slot)
              if tp_dealloc is not None:
                  code.putln("%s(o);" % tp_dealloc)
              elif base_type.is_builtin_type:
                  code.putln("%s->tp_dealloc(o);" % base_type.typeptr_cname)
              else:
                  # This is an externally defined type.  Calling through the
                  # cimported base type pointer directly interacts badly with
                  # the module cleanup, which may already have cleared it.
                  # In that case, fall back to traversing the type hierarchy.
                  base_cname = base_type.typeptr_cname
                  code.putln("if (likely(%s)) %s->tp_dealloc(o); "
                             "else __Pyx_call_next_tp_dealloc(o, %s);" % (
                                 base_cname, base_cname, slot_func_cname))
                  code.globalstate.use_utility_code(
                      UtilityCode.load_cached("CallNextTpDealloc", "ExtensionTypes.c"))
          else:
              freelist_size = scope.directives.get('freelist', 0)
              if freelist_size:
                  freelist_name = scope.mangle_internal(Naming.freelist_name)
                  freecount_name = scope.mangle_internal(Naming.freecount_name)
  
                  if is_final_type:
                      type_safety_check = ''
                  else:
                      type_safety_check = (
                          ' & (!__Pyx_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(o), (Py_TPFLAGS_IS_ABSTRACT | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE)))')
  
                  type = scope.parent_type
                  code.putln(
                      "if (CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON && ((%s < %d) & (Py_TYPE(o)->tp_basicsize == sizeof(%s))%s)) {" % (
                          freecount_name,
                          freelist_size,
                          type.declaration_code("", deref=True),
                          type_safety_check))
                  code.putln("%s[%s++] = %s;" % (
                      freelist_name, freecount_name, type.cast_code("o")))
                  code.putln("} else {")
              code.putln("(*Py_TYPE(o)->tp_free)(o);")
              if freelist_size:
                  code.putln("}")
  
          if needs_trashcan:
              code.putln("__Pyx_TRASHCAN_END")
  
          code.putln(
              "}")
          if cdealloc_func_entry is None:
              code.putln("#endif")
  
      def generate_usr_dealloc_call(self, scope, code):
          entry = scope.lookup_here("__dealloc__")
          if not entry or not entry.is_special:
              return
  
          code.putln("{")
          code.putln("PyObject *etype, *eval, *etb;")
          code.putln("PyErr_Fetch(&etype, &eval, &etb);")
          # increase the refcount while we are calling into user code
          # to prevent recursive deallocation
          code.putln("__Pyx_SET_REFCNT(o, Py_REFCNT(o) + 1);")
          code.putln("%s(o);" % entry.func_cname)
          code.putln("__Pyx_SET_REFCNT(o, Py_REFCNT(o) - 1);")
          code.putln("PyErr_Restore(etype, eval, etb);")
          code.putln("}")
  
      def generate_traverse_function(self, scope, code, cclass_entry):
          tp_slot = TypeSlots.GCDependentSlot("tp_traverse")
          slot_func = scope.mangle_internal("tp_traverse")
          base_type = scope.parent_type.base_type
          if tp_slot.slot_code(scope) != slot_func:
              return  # never used
          code.putln("")
          code.putln(
              "static int %s(PyObject *o, visitproc v, void *a) {" % slot_func)
  
          have_entries, (py_attrs, py_buffers, memoryview_slices) = (
              scope.get_refcounted_entries(include_gc_simple=False))
  
          if base_type or py_attrs:
              code.putln("int e;")
  
          if py_attrs or py_buffers:
              self.generate_self_cast(scope, code)
  
          if base_type:
              # want to call it explicitly if possible so inlining can be performed
              static_call = TypeSlots.get_base_slot_function(scope, tp_slot)
              if static_call:
                  code.putln("e = %s(o, v, a); if (e) return e;" % static_call)
              elif base_type.is_builtin_type:
                  base_cname = base_type.typeptr_cname
                  code.putln("if (!%s->tp_traverse); else { e = %s->tp_traverse(o,v,a); if (e) return e; }" % (
                      base_cname, base_cname))
              else:
                  # This is an externally defined type.  Calling through the
                  # cimported base type pointer directly interacts badly with
                  # the module cleanup, which may already have cleared it.
                  # In that case, fall back to traversing the type hierarchy.
                  base_cname = base_type.typeptr_cname
                  code.putln(
                      "e = ((likely(%s)) ? ((%s->tp_traverse) ? %s->tp_traverse(o, v, a) : 0) : "
                      "__Pyx_call_next_tp_traverse(o, v, a, %s)); if (e) return e;" % (
                          base_cname, base_cname, base_cname, slot_func))
                  code.globalstate.use_utility_code(
                      UtilityCode.load_cached("CallNextTpTraverse", "ExtensionTypes.c"))
  
          for entry in py_attrs:
              var_code = "p->%s" % entry.cname
              var_as_pyobject = PyrexTypes.typecast(py_object_type, entry.type, var_code)
              code.putln("if (%s) {" % var_code)
              code.putln("e = (*v)(%s, a); if (e) return e;" % var_as_pyobject)
              code.putln("}")
  
          # Traverse buffer exporting objects.
          # Note: not traversing memoryview attributes of memoryview slices!
          # When triggered by the GC, it would cause multiple visits (gc_refs
          # subtractions which is not matched by its reference count!)
          for entry in py_buffers:
              cname = entry.cname + ".obj"
              code.putln("if (p->%s) {" % cname)
              code.putln("e = (*v)(p->%s, a); if (e) return e;" % cname)
              code.putln("}")
  
          code.putln("return 0;")
          code.putln("}")
  
      def generate_clear_function(self, scope, code, cclass_entry):
          tp_slot = TypeSlots.get_slot_by_name("tp_clear")
          slot_func = scope.mangle_internal("tp_clear")
          base_type = scope.parent_type.base_type
          if tp_slot.slot_code(scope) != slot_func:
              return # never used
  
          have_entries, (py_attrs, py_buffers, memoryview_slices) = (
              scope.get_refcounted_entries(include_gc_simple=False))
  
          if py_attrs or py_buffers or base_type:
              unused = ''
          else:
              unused = 'CYTHON_UNUSED '
  
          code.putln("")
          code.putln("static int %s(%sPyObject *o) {" % (slot_func, unused))
  
          if py_attrs and Options.clear_to_none:
              code.putln("PyObject* tmp;")
  
          if py_attrs or py_buffers:
              self.generate_self_cast(scope, code)
  
          if base_type:
              # want to call it explicitly if possible so inlining can be performed
              static_call = TypeSlots.get_base_slot_function(scope, tp_slot)
              if static_call:
                  code.putln("%s(o);" % static_call)
              elif base_type.is_builtin_type:
                  base_cname = base_type.typeptr_cname
                  code.putln("if (!%s->tp_clear); else %s->tp_clear(o);" % (
                      base_cname, base_cname))
              else:
                  # This is an externally defined type.  Calling through the
                  # cimported base type pointer directly interacts badly with
                  # the module cleanup, which may already have cleared it.
                  # In that case, fall back to traversing the type hierarchy.
                  base_cname = base_type.typeptr_cname
                  code.putln(
                      "if (likely(%s)) { if (%s->tp_clear) %s->tp_clear(o); } else __Pyx_call_next_tp_clear(o, %s);" % (
                          base_cname, base_cname, base_cname, slot_func))
                  code.globalstate.use_utility_code(
                      UtilityCode.load_cached("CallNextTpClear", "ExtensionTypes.c"))
  
          if Options.clear_to_none:
              for entry in py_attrs:
                  name = "p->%s" % entry.cname
                  code.putln("tmp = ((PyObject*)%s);" % name)
                  if entry.is_declared_generic:
                      code.put_init_to_py_none(name, py_object_type, nanny=False)
                  else:
                      code.put_init_to_py_none(name, entry.type, nanny=False)
                  code.putln("Py_XDECREF(tmp);")
          else:
              for entry in py_attrs:
                  code.putln("Py_CLEAR(p->%s);" % entry.cname)
  
          for entry in py_buffers:
              # Note: shouldn't this call __Pyx_ReleaseBuffer ??
              code.putln("Py_CLEAR(p->%s.obj);" % entry.cname)
  
          if cclass_entry.cname == '__pyx_memoryviewslice':
              code.putln("__PYX_XDEC_MEMVIEW(&p->from_slice, 1);")
  
          code.putln("return 0;")
          code.putln("}")
  
      def generate_getitem_int_function(self, scope, code):
          # This function is put into the sq_item slot when
          # a __getitem__ method is present. It converts its
          # argument to a Python integer and calls mp_subscript.
          code.putln(
              "static PyObject *%s(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i) {" % (
                  scope.mangle_internal("sq_item")))
          code.putln(
              "PyObject *r;")
          code.putln(
              "PyObject *x = PyInt_FromSsize_t(i); if(!x) return 0;")
          code.putln(
              "r = Py_TYPE(o)->tp_as_mapping->mp_subscript(o, x);")
          code.putln(
              "Py_DECREF(x);")
          code.putln(
              "return r;")
          code.putln(
              "}")
  
      def generate_ass_subscript_function(self, scope, code):
          # Setting and deleting an item are both done through
          # the ass_subscript method, so we dispatch to user's __setitem__
          # or __delitem__, or raise an exception.
          base_type = scope.parent_type.base_type
          set_entry = scope.lookup_here("__setitem__")
          del_entry = scope.lookup_here("__delitem__")
          code.putln("")
          code.putln(
              "static int %s(PyObject *o, PyObject *i, PyObject *v) {" % (
                  scope.mangle_internal("mp_ass_subscript")))
          code.putln(
              "if (v) {")
          if set_entry:
              code.putln("return %s(o, i, v);" % set_entry.func_cname)
          else:
              self.generate_guarded_basetype_call(
                  base_type, "tp_as_mapping", "mp_ass_subscript", "o, i, v", code)
              code.putln(
                  "PyErr_Format(PyExc_NotImplementedError,")
              code.putln(
                  '  "Subscript assignment not supported by %.200s", Py_TYPE(o)->tp_name);')
              code.putln(
                  "return -1;")
          code.putln(
              "}")
          code.putln(
              "else {")
          if del_entry:
              code.putln(
                  "return %s(o, i);" % (
                      del_entry.func_cname))
          else:
              self.generate_guarded_basetype_call(
                  base_type, "tp_as_mapping", "mp_ass_subscript", "o, i, v", code)
              code.putln(
                  "PyErr_Format(PyExc_NotImplementedError,")
              code.putln(
                  '  "Subscript deletion not supported by %.200s", Py_TYPE(o)->tp_name);')
              code.putln(
                  "return -1;")
          code.putln(
              "}")
          code.putln(
              "}")
  
      def generate_guarded_basetype_call(
              self, base_type, substructure, slot, args, code):
          if base_type:
              base_tpname = base_type.typeptr_cname
              if substructure:
                  code.putln(
                      "if (%s->%s && %s->%s->%s)" % (
                          base_tpname, substructure, base_tpname, substructure, slot))
                  code.putln(
                      "  return %s->%s->%s(%s);" % (
                          base_tpname, substructure, slot, args))
              else:
                  code.putln(
                      "if (%s->%s)" % (
                          base_tpname, slot))
                  code.putln(
                      "  return %s->%s(%s);" % (
                          base_tpname, slot, args))
  
      def generate_ass_slice_function(self, scope, code):
          # Setting and deleting a slice are both done through
          # the ass_slice method, so we dispatch to user's __setslice__
          # or __delslice__, or raise an exception.
          base_type = scope.parent_type.base_type
          set_entry = scope.lookup_here("__setslice__")
          del_entry = scope.lookup_here("__delslice__")
          code.putln("")
          code.putln(
              "static int %s(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i, Py_ssize_t j, PyObject *v) {" % (
                  scope.mangle_internal("sq_ass_slice")))
          code.putln(
              "if (v) {")
          if set_entry:
              code.putln(
                  "return %s(o, i, j, v);" % (
                      set_entry.func_cname))
          else:
              self.generate_guarded_basetype_call(
                  base_type, "tp_as_sequence", "sq_ass_slice", "o, i, j, v", code)
              code.putln(
                  "PyErr_Format(PyExc_NotImplementedError,")
              code.putln(
                  '  "2-element slice assignment not supported by %.200s", Py_TYPE(o)->tp_name);')
              code.putln(
                  "return -1;")
          code.putln(
              "}")
          code.putln(
              "else {")
          if del_entry:
              code.putln(
                  "return %s(o, i, j);" % (
                      del_entry.func_cname))
          else:
              self.generate_guarded_basetype_call(
                  base_type, "tp_as_sequence", "sq_ass_slice", "o, i, j, v", code)
              code.putln(
                  "PyErr_Format(PyExc_NotImplementedError,")
              code.putln(
                  '  "2-element slice deletion not supported by %.200s", Py_TYPE(o)->tp_name);')
              code.putln(
                  "return -1;")
          code.putln(
              "}")
          code.putln(
              "}")
  
      def generate_richcmp_function(self, scope, code):
          if scope.lookup_here("__richcmp__"):
              # user implemented, nothing to do
              return
          # otherwise, we have to generate it from the Python special methods
          richcmp_cfunc = scope.mangle_internal("tp_richcompare")
          code.putln("")
          code.putln("static PyObject *%s(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, int op) {" % richcmp_cfunc)
          code.putln("switch (op) {")
  
          class_scopes = []
          cls = scope.parent_type
          while cls is not None and not cls.entry.visibility == 'extern':
              class_scopes.append(cls.scope)
              cls = cls.scope.parent_type.base_type
          assert scope in class_scopes
  
          extern_parent = None
          if cls and cls.entry.visibility == 'extern':
              # need to call up into base classes as we may not know all implemented comparison methods
              extern_parent = cls if cls.typeptr_cname else scope.parent_type.base_type
  
          eq_entry = None
          has_ne = False
          for cmp_method in TypeSlots.richcmp_special_methods:
              for class_scope in class_scopes:
                  entry = class_scope.lookup_here(cmp_method)
                  if entry is not None:
                      break
              else:
                  continue
  
              cmp_type = cmp_method.strip('_').upper()  # e.g. "__eq__" -> EQ
              code.putln("case Py_%s: {" % cmp_type)
              if cmp_method == '__eq__':
                  eq_entry = entry
                  # Python itself does not do this optimisation, it seems...
                  #code.putln("if (o1 == o2) return __Pyx_NewRef(Py_True);")
              elif cmp_method == '__ne__':
                  has_ne = True
                  # Python itself does not do this optimisation, it seems...
                  #code.putln("if (o1 == o2) return __Pyx_NewRef(Py_False);")
              code.putln("return %s(o1, o2);" % entry.func_cname)
              code.putln("}")
  
          if eq_entry and not has_ne and not extern_parent:
              code.putln("case Py_NE: {")
              code.putln("PyObject *ret;")
              # Python itself does not do this optimisation, it seems...
              #code.putln("if (o1 == o2) return __Pyx_NewRef(Py_False);")
              code.putln("ret = %s(o1, o2);" % eq_entry.func_cname)
              code.putln("if (likely(ret && ret != Py_NotImplemented)) {")
              code.putln("int b = __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue(ret); Py_DECREF(ret);")
              code.putln("if (unlikely(b < 0)) return NULL;")
              code.putln("ret = (b) ? Py_False : Py_True;")
              code.putln("Py_INCREF(ret);")
              code.putln("}")
              code.putln("return ret;")
              code.putln("}")
  
          code.putln("default: {")
          if extern_parent and extern_parent.typeptr_cname:
              code.putln("if (likely(%s->tp_richcompare)) return %s->tp_richcompare(o1, o2, op);" % (
                  extern_parent.typeptr_cname, extern_parent.typeptr_cname))
          code.putln("return __Pyx_NewRef(Py_NotImplemented);")
          code.putln("}")
  
          code.putln("}")  # switch
          code.putln("}")
  
      def generate_binop_function(self, scope, slot, code, pos):
          func_name = scope.mangle_internal(slot.slot_name)
          if scope.directives['c_api_binop_methods']:
              code.putln('#define %s %s' % (func_name, slot.left_slot.slot_code(scope)))
              return
  
          code.putln()
          preprocessor_guard = slot.preprocessor_guard_code()
          if preprocessor_guard:
              code.putln(preprocessor_guard)
  
          if slot.left_slot.signature == TypeSlots.binaryfunc:
              slot_type = 'binaryfunc'
              extra_arg = extra_arg_decl = ''
          elif slot.left_slot.signature == TypeSlots.ternaryfunc:
              slot_type = 'ternaryfunc'
              extra_arg = ', extra_arg'
              extra_arg_decl = ', PyObject* extra_arg'
          else:
              error(pos, "Unexpected type lost signature: %s" % slot)
  
          def has_slot_method(method_name):
              entry = scope.lookup(method_name)
              return bool(entry and entry.is_special and entry.func_cname)
          def call_slot_method(method_name, reverse):
              entry = scope.lookup(method_name)
              if entry and entry.is_special and entry.func_cname:
                  return "%s(%s%s)" % (
                      entry.func_cname,
                      "right, left" if reverse else "left, right",
                      extra_arg)
              else:
                  return '%s_maybe_call_slot(%s, left, right %s)' % (
                      func_name,
                      'Py_TYPE(right)->tp_base' if reverse else 'Py_TYPE(left)->tp_base',
                      extra_arg)
  
          code.putln(
              TempitaUtilityCode.load_as_string(
                  "BinopSlot", "ExtensionTypes.c",
                  context={
                      "func_name": func_name,
                      "slot_name": slot.slot_name,
                      "overloads_left": int(has_slot_method(slot.left_slot.method_name)),
                      "call_left": call_slot_method(slot.left_slot.method_name, reverse=False),
                      "call_right": call_slot_method(slot.right_slot.method_name, reverse=True),
                      "type_cname": scope.parent_type.typeptr_cname,
                      "slot_type": slot_type,
                      "extra_arg": extra_arg,
                      "extra_arg_decl": extra_arg_decl,
                      })[1])
          if preprocessor_guard:
              code.putln("#endif")
  
      def generate_getattro_function(self, scope, code):
          # First try to get the attribute using __getattribute__, if defined, or
          # PyObject_GenericGetAttr.
          #
          # If that raises an AttributeError, call the __getattr__ if defined.
          #
          # In both cases, defined can be in this class, or any base class.
          def lookup_here_or_base(n, tp=None, extern_return=None):
              # Recursive lookup
              if tp is None:
                  tp = scope.parent_type
              r = tp.scope.lookup_here(n)
              if r is None:
                  if tp.is_external and extern_return is not None:
                      return extern_return
                  if tp.base_type is not None:
                      return lookup_here_or_base(n, tp.base_type)
              return r
  
          has_instance_dict = lookup_here_or_base("__dict__", extern_return="extern")
          getattr_entry = lookup_here_or_base("__getattr__")
          getattribute_entry = lookup_here_or_base("__getattribute__")
          code.putln("")
          code.putln(
              "static PyObject *%s(PyObject *o, PyObject *n) {" % (
                  scope.mangle_internal("tp_getattro")))
          if getattribute_entry is not None:
              code.putln(
                  "PyObject *v = %s(o, n);" % (
                      getattribute_entry.func_cname))
          else:
              if not has_instance_dict and scope.parent_type.is_final_type:
                  # Final with no dict => use faster type attribute lookup.
                  code.globalstate.use_utility_code(
                      UtilityCode.load_cached("PyObject_GenericGetAttrNoDict", "ObjectHandling.c"))
                  generic_getattr_cfunc = "__Pyx_PyObject_GenericGetAttrNoDict"
              elif not has_instance_dict or has_instance_dict == "extern":
                  # No dict in the known ancestors, but don't know about extern ancestors or subtypes.
                  code.globalstate.use_utility_code(
                      UtilityCode.load_cached("PyObject_GenericGetAttr", "ObjectHandling.c"))
                  generic_getattr_cfunc = "__Pyx_PyObject_GenericGetAttr"
              else:
                  generic_getattr_cfunc = "PyObject_GenericGetAttr"
              code.putln(
                  "PyObject *v = %s(o, n);" % generic_getattr_cfunc)
          if getattr_entry is not None:
              code.putln(
                  "if (!v && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {")
              code.putln(
                  "PyErr_Clear();")
              code.putln(
                  "v = %s(o, n);" % (
                      getattr_entry.func_cname))
              code.putln(
                  "}")
          code.putln(
              "return v;")
          code.putln(
              "}")
  
      def generate_setattro_function(self, scope, code):
          # Setting and deleting an attribute are both done through
          # the setattro method, so we dispatch to user's __setattr__
          # or __delattr__ or fall back on PyObject_GenericSetAttr.
          base_type = scope.parent_type.base_type
          set_entry = scope.lookup_here("__setattr__")
          del_entry = scope.lookup_here("__delattr__")
          code.putln("")
          code.putln(
              "static int %s(PyObject *o, PyObject *n, PyObject *v) {" % (
                  scope.mangle_internal("tp_setattro")))
          code.putln(
              "if (v) {")
          if set_entry:
              code.putln(
                  "return %s(o, n, v);" % (
                      set_entry.func_cname))
          else:
              self.generate_guarded_basetype_call(
                  base_type, None, "tp_setattro", "o, n, v", code)
              code.putln(
                  "return PyObject_GenericSetAttr(o, n, v);")
          code.putln(
              "}")
          code.putln(
              "else {")
          if del_entry:
              code.putln(
                  "return %s(o, n);" % (
                      del_entry.func_cname))
          else:
              self.generate_guarded_basetype_call(
                  base_type, None, "tp_setattro", "o, n, v", code)
              code.putln(
                  "return PyObject_GenericSetAttr(o, n, 0);")
          code.putln(
              "}")
          code.putln(
              "}")
  
      def generate_descr_get_function(self, scope, code):
          # The __get__ function of a descriptor object can be
          # called with NULL for the second or third arguments
          # under some circumstances, so we replace them with
          # None in that case.
          user_get_entry = scope.lookup_here("__get__")
          code.putln("")
          code.putln(
              "static PyObject *%s(PyObject *o, PyObject *i, PyObject *c) {" % (
                  scope.mangle_internal("tp_descr_get")))
          code.putln(
              "PyObject *r = 0;")
          code.putln(
              "if (!i) i = Py_None;")
          code.putln(
              "if (!c) c = Py_None;")
          #code.put_incref("i", py_object_type)
          #code.put_incref("c", py_object_type)
          code.putln(
              "r = %s(o, i, c);" % (
                  user_get_entry.func_cname))
          #code.put_decref("i", py_object_type)
          #code.put_decref("c", py_object_type)
          code.putln(
              "return r;")
          code.putln(
              "}")
  
      def generate_descr_set_function(self, scope, code):
          # Setting and deleting are both done through the __set__
          # method of a descriptor, so we dispatch to user's __set__
          # or __delete__ or raise an exception.
          base_type = scope.parent_type.base_type
          user_set_entry = scope.lookup_here("__set__")
          user_del_entry = scope.lookup_here("__delete__")
          code.putln("")
          code.putln(
              "static int %s(PyObject *o, PyObject *i, PyObject *v) {" % (
                  scope.mangle_internal("tp_descr_set")))
          code.putln(
              "if (v) {")
          if user_set_entry:
              code.putln(
                  "return %s(o, i, v);" % (
                      user_set_entry.func_cname))
          else:
              self.generate_guarded_basetype_call(
                  base_type, None, "tp_descr_set", "o, i, v", code)
              code.putln(
                  'PyErr_SetString(PyExc_NotImplementedError, "__set__");')
              code.putln(
                  "return -1;")
          code.putln(
              "}")
          code.putln(
              "else {")
          if user_del_entry:
              code.putln(
                  "return %s(o, i);" % (
                      user_del_entry.func_cname))
          else:
              self.generate_guarded_basetype_call(
                  base_type, None, "tp_descr_set", "o, i, v", code)
              code.putln(
                  'PyErr_SetString(PyExc_NotImplementedError, "__delete__");')
              code.putln(
                  "return -1;")
          code.putln(
              "}")
          code.putln(
              "}")
  
      def generate_property_accessors(self, cclass_scope, code):
          for entry in cclass_scope.property_entries:
              property_scope = entry.scope
              if property_scope.defines_any(["__get__"]):
                  self.generate_property_get_function(entry, code)
              if property_scope.defines_any(["__set__", "__del__"]):
                  self.generate_property_set_function(entry, code)
  
      def generate_property_get_function(self, property_entry, code):
          property_scope = property_entry.scope
          property_entry.getter_cname = property_scope.parent_scope.mangle(
              Naming.prop_get_prefix, property_entry.name)
          get_entry = property_scope.lookup_here("__get__")
          code.putln("")
          code.putln(
              "static PyObject *%s(PyObject *o, CYTHON_UNUSED void *x) {" % (
                  property_entry.getter_cname))
          code.putln(
              "return %s(o);" % (
                  get_entry.func_cname))
          code.putln(
              "}")
  
      def generate_property_set_function(self, property_entry, code):
          property_scope = property_entry.scope
          property_entry.setter_cname = property_scope.parent_scope.mangle(
              Naming.prop_set_prefix, property_entry.name)
          set_entry = property_scope.lookup_here("__set__")
          del_entry = property_scope.lookup_here("__del__")
          code.putln("")
          code.putln(
              "static int %s(PyObject *o, PyObject *v, CYTHON_UNUSED void *x) {" % (
                  property_entry.setter_cname))
          code.putln(
              "if (v) {")
          if set_entry:
              code.putln(
                  "return %s(o, v);" % (
                      set_entry.func_cname))
          else:
              code.putln(
                  'PyErr_SetString(PyExc_NotImplementedError, "__set__");')
              code.putln(
                  "return -1;")
          code.putln(
              "}")
          code.putln(
              "else {")
          if del_entry:
              code.putln(
                  "return %s(o);" % (
                      del_entry.func_cname))
          else:
              code.putln(
                  'PyErr_SetString(PyExc_NotImplementedError, "__del__");')
              code.putln(
                  "return -1;")
          code.putln(
              "}")
          code.putln(
              "}")
  
      def generate_typeobj_spec(self, entry, code):
          ext_type = entry.type
          scope = ext_type.scope
          code.putln("static PyType_Slot %s_slots[] = {" % ext_type.typeobj_cname)
          for slot in TypeSlots.slot_table:
              slot.generate_spec(scope, code)
          code.putln("{0, 0},")
          code.putln("};")
  
          if ext_type.typedef_flag:
              objstruct = ext_type.objstruct_cname
          else:
              objstruct = "struct %s" % ext_type.objstruct_cname
          classname = scope.class_name.as_c_string_literal()
          code.putln("static PyType_Spec %s_spec = {" % ext_type.typeobj_cname)
          code.putln('"%s.%s",' % (self.full_module_name, classname.replace('"', '')))
          code.putln("sizeof(%s)," % objstruct)
          code.putln("0,")
          code.putln("%s," % TypeSlots.get_slot_by_name("tp_flags").slot_code(scope))
          code.putln("%s_slots," % ext_type.typeobj_cname)
          code.putln("};")
  
      def generate_typeobj_definition(self, modname, entry, code):
          type = entry.type
          scope = type.scope
          for suite in TypeSlots.substructures:
              suite.generate_substructure(scope, code)
          code.putln("")
          if entry.visibility == 'public':
              header = "DL_EXPORT(PyTypeObject) %s = {"
          else:
              header = "static PyTypeObject %s = {"
          #code.putln(header % scope.parent_type.typeobj_cname)
          code.putln(header % type.typeobj_cname)
          code.putln(
              "PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(0, 0)")
          classname = scope.class_name.as_c_string_literal()
          code.putln(
              '"%s."%s, /*tp_name*/' % (
                  self.full_module_name,
                  classname))
          if type.typedef_flag:
              objstruct = type.objstruct_cname
          else:
              objstruct = "struct %s" % type.objstruct_cname
          code.putln(
              "sizeof(%s), /*tp_basicsize*/" % objstruct)
          code.putln(
              "0, /*tp_itemsize*/")
          for slot in TypeSlots.slot_table:
              slot.generate(scope, code)
          code.putln(
              "};")
  
      def generate_method_table(self, env, code):
          if env.is_c_class_scope and not env.pyfunc_entries:
              return
          binding = env.directives['binding']
  
          code.putln("")
          wrapper_code_writer = code.insertion_point()
  
          code.putln(
              "static PyMethodDef %s[] = {" % (
                  env.method_table_cname))
          for entry in env.pyfunc_entries:
              if not entry.fused_cfunction and not (binding and entry.is_overridable):
                  code.put_pymethoddef(entry, ",", wrapper_code_writer=wrapper_code_writer)
          code.putln(
              "{0, 0, 0, 0}")
          code.putln(
              "};")
  
          if wrapper_code_writer.getvalue():
              wrapper_code_writer.putln("")
  
      def generate_dict_getter_function(self, scope, code):
          dict_attr = scope.lookup_here("__dict__")
          if not dict_attr or not dict_attr.is_variable:
              return
          func_name = scope.mangle_internal("__dict__getter")
          dict_name = dict_attr.cname
          code.putln("")
          code.putln("static PyObject *%s(PyObject *o, CYTHON_UNUSED void *x) {" % func_name)
          self.generate_self_cast(scope, code)
          code.putln("if (unlikely(!p->%s)){" % dict_name)
          code.putln("p->%s = PyDict_New();" % dict_name)
          code.putln("}")
          code.putln("Py_XINCREF(p->%s);" % dict_name)
          code.putln("return p->%s;" % dict_name)
          code.putln("}")
  
      def generate_getset_table(self, env, code):
          if env.property_entries:
              code.putln("")
              code.putln(
                  "static struct PyGetSetDef %s[] = {" %
                  env.getset_table_cname)
              for entry in env.property_entries:
                  doc = entry.doc
                  if doc:
                      if doc.is_unicode:
                          doc = doc.as_utf8_string()
                      doc_code = "PyDoc_STR(%s)" % doc.as_c_string_literal()
                  else:
                      doc_code = "0"
                  code.putln(
                      '{(char *)%s, %s, %s, (char *)%s, 0},' % (
                          entry.name.as_c_string_literal(),
                          entry.getter_cname or "0",
                          entry.setter_cname or "0",
                          doc_code))
              code.putln(
                  "{0, 0, 0, 0, 0}")
              code.putln(
                  "};")
  
      def create_import_star_conversion_utility_code(self, env):
          # Create all conversion helpers that are needed for "import *" assignments.
          # Must be done before code generation to support CythonUtilityCode.
          for name, entry in sorted(env.entries.items()):
              if entry.is_cglobal and entry.used:
                  if not entry.type.is_pyobject:
                      entry.type.create_from_py_utility_code(env)
  
      def generate_import_star(self, env, code):
          env.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("CStringEquals", "StringTools.c"))
          code.putln()
          code.enter_cfunc_scope()  # as we need labels
          code.putln("static int %s(PyObject *o, PyObject* py_name, char *name) {" % Naming.import_star_set)
  
          code.putln("static const char* internal_type_names[] = {")
          for name, entry in sorted(env.entries.items()):
              if entry.is_type:
                  code.putln('"%s",' % name)
          code.putln("0")
          code.putln("};")
  
          code.putln("const char** type_name = internal_type_names;")
          code.putln("while (*type_name) {")
          code.putln("if (__Pyx_StrEq(name, *type_name)) {")
          code.putln('PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Cannot overwrite C type %s", name);')
          code.putln('goto bad;')
          code.putln("}")
          code.putln("type_name++;")
          code.putln("}")
  
          old_error_label = code.new_error_label()
          code.putln("if (0);")  # so the first one can be "else if"
          msvc_count = 0
          for name, entry in sorted(env.entries.items()):
              if entry.is_cglobal and entry.used and not entry.type.is_const:
                  msvc_count += 1
                  if msvc_count % 100 == 0:
                      code.putln("#ifdef _MSC_VER")
                      code.putln("if (0);  /* Workaround for MSVC C1061. */")
                      code.putln("#endif")
                  code.putln('else if (__Pyx_StrEq(name, "%s")) {' % name)
                  if entry.type.is_pyobject:
                      if entry.type.is_extension_type or entry.type.is_builtin_type:
                          code.putln("if (!(%s)) %s;" % (
                              entry.type.type_test_code("o"),
                              code.error_goto(entry.pos)))
                      code.putln("Py_INCREF(o);")
                      code.put_decref(entry.cname, entry.type, nanny=False)
                      code.putln("%s = %s;" % (
                          entry.cname,
                          PyrexTypes.typecast(entry.type, py_object_type, "o")))
                  elif entry.type.create_from_py_utility_code(env):
                      # if available, utility code was already created in self.prepare_utility_code()
                      code.putln(entry.type.from_py_call_code(
                          'o', entry.cname, entry.pos, code))
                  else:
                      code.putln('PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Cannot convert Python object %s to %s");' % (
                          name, entry.type))
                      code.putln(code.error_goto(entry.pos))
                  code.putln("}")
          code.putln("else {")
          code.putln("if (PyObject_SetAttr(%s, py_name, o) < 0) goto bad;" % Naming.module_cname)
          code.putln("}")
          code.putln("return 0;")
          if code.label_used(code.error_label):
              code.put_label(code.error_label)
              # This helps locate the offending name.
              code.put_add_traceback(EncodedString(self.full_module_name))
          code.error_label = old_error_label
          code.putln("bad:")
          code.putln("return -1;")
          code.putln("}")
          code.putln("")
          code.putln(UtilityCode.load_as_string("ImportStar", "ImportExport.c")[1])
          code.exit_cfunc_scope()  # done with labels
  
      def generate_module_state_start(self, env, code):
          # TODO: Reactor LIMITED_API struct decl closer to the static decl
          code.putln("#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          code.putln('typedef struct {')
          code.putln('PyObject *%s;' % Naming.builtins_cname)
          code.putln('PyObject *%s;' % Naming.cython_runtime_cname)
          code.putln('PyObject *%s;' % Naming.empty_tuple)
          code.putln('PyObject *%s;' % Naming.empty_bytes)
          code.putln('PyObject *%s;' % Naming.empty_unicode)
          if Options.pre_import is not None:
              code.putln('PyObject *%s;' % Naming.preimport_cname)
          code.putln('#ifdef __Pyx_CyFunction_USED')
          code.putln('PyTypeObject *%s;' % Naming.cyfunction_type_cname)
          code.putln('#endif')
          code.putln('#ifdef __Pyx_FusedFunction_USED')
          code.putln('PyTypeObject *%s;' % Naming.fusedfunction_type_cname)
          code.putln('#endif')
  
      def generate_module_state_end(self, env, modules, globalstate):
          module_state = globalstate['module_state']
          module_state_defines = globalstate['module_state_defines']
          module_state_clear = globalstate['module_state_clear']
          module_state_traverse = globalstate['module_state_traverse']
          module_state.putln('} %s;' % Naming.modulestate_cname)
          module_state.putln('')
          module_state.putln('#ifdef __cplusplus')
          module_state.putln('namespace {')
          module_state.putln('extern struct PyModuleDef %s;' % Naming.pymoduledef_cname)
          module_state.putln('} /* anonymous namespace */')
          module_state.putln('#else')
          module_state.putln('static struct PyModuleDef %s;' % Naming.pymoduledef_cname)
          module_state.putln('#endif')
          module_state.putln('')
          module_state.putln('#define %s(o) ((%s *)__Pyx_PyModule_GetState(o))' % (
              Naming.modulestate_cname,
              Naming.modulestate_cname))
          module_state.putln('')
          module_state.putln('#define %s (%s(PyState_FindModule(&%s)))' % (
              Naming.modulestateglobal_cname,
              Naming.modulestate_cname,
              Naming.pymoduledef_cname))
          module_state.putln('')
          module_state.putln('#define %s (PyState_FindModule(&%s))' % (
              env.module_cname,
              Naming.pymoduledef_cname))
          module_state.putln("#endif")
          module_state_defines.putln("#endif")
          module_state_clear.putln("return 0;")
          module_state_clear.putln("}")
          module_state_clear.putln("#endif")
          module_state_traverse.putln("return 0;")
          module_state_traverse.putln("}")
          module_state_traverse.putln("#endif")
  
      def generate_module_state_defines(self, env, code):
          code.putln("#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          code.putln('#define %s %s->%s' % (
              Naming.builtins_cname,
              Naming.modulestateglobal_cname,
              Naming.builtins_cname))
          code.putln('#define %s %s->%s' % (
              Naming.cython_runtime_cname,
              Naming.modulestateglobal_cname,
              Naming.cython_runtime_cname))
          code.putln('#define %s %s->%s' % (
              Naming.empty_tuple,
              Naming.modulestateglobal_cname,
              Naming.empty_tuple))
          code.putln('#define %s %s->%s' % (
              Naming.empty_bytes,
              Naming.modulestateglobal_cname,
              Naming.empty_bytes))
          code.putln('#define %s %s->%s' % (
              Naming.empty_unicode,
              Naming.modulestateglobal_cname,
              Naming.empty_unicode))
          if Options.pre_import is not None:
              code.putln('#define %s %s->%s' % (
                  Naming.preimport_cname,
                  Naming.modulestateglobal_cname,
                  Naming.preimport_cname))
          code.putln('#ifdef __Pyx_CyFunction_USED')
          code.putln('#define %s %s->%s' % (
              Naming.cyfunction_type_cname,
              Naming.modulestateglobal_cname,
              Naming.cyfunction_type_cname))
          code.putln('#endif')
          code.putln('#ifdef __Pyx_FusedFunction_USED')
          code.putln('#define %s %s->%s' %
              (Naming.fusedfunction_type_cname,
              Naming.modulestateglobal_cname,
              Naming.fusedfunction_type_cname))
          code.putln('#endif')
  
      def generate_module_state_clear(self, env, code):
          code.putln("#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          code.putln("static int %s_clear(PyObject *m) {" % Naming.module_cname)
          code.putln("%s *clear_module_state = %s(m);" % (
              Naming.modulestate_cname,
              Naming.modulestate_cname))
          code.putln("if (!clear_module_state) return 0;")
          code.putln('Py_CLEAR(clear_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.builtins_cname)
          code.putln('Py_CLEAR(clear_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.cython_runtime_cname)
          code.putln('Py_CLEAR(clear_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.empty_tuple)
          code.putln('Py_CLEAR(clear_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.empty_bytes)
          code.putln('Py_CLEAR(clear_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.empty_unicode)
          code.putln('#ifdef __Pyx_CyFunction_USED')
          code.putln('Py_CLEAR(clear_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.cyfunction_type_cname)
          code.putln('#endif')
          code.putln('#ifdef __Pyx_FusedFunction_USED')
          code.putln('Py_CLEAR(clear_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.fusedfunction_type_cname)
          code.putln('#endif')
  
      def generate_module_state_traverse(self, env, code):
          code.putln("#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          code.putln("static int %s_traverse(PyObject *m, visitproc visit, void *arg) {" % Naming.module_cname)
          code.putln("%s *traverse_module_state = %s(m);" % (
              Naming.modulestate_cname,
              Naming.modulestate_cname))
          code.putln("if (!traverse_module_state) return 0;")
          code.putln('Py_VISIT(traverse_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.builtins_cname)
          code.putln('Py_VISIT(traverse_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.cython_runtime_cname)
          code.putln('Py_VISIT(traverse_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.empty_tuple)
          code.putln('Py_VISIT(traverse_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.empty_bytes)
          code.putln('Py_VISIT(traverse_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.empty_unicode)
          code.putln('#ifdef __Pyx_CyFunction_USED')
          code.putln('Py_VISIT(traverse_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.cyfunction_type_cname)
          code.putln('#endif')
          code.putln('#ifdef __Pyx_FusedFunction_USED')
          code.putln('Py_VISIT(traverse_module_state->%s);' %
              Naming.fusedfunction_type_cname)
          code.putln('#endif')
  
      def generate_module_init_func(self, imported_modules, env, code):
          subfunction = self.mod_init_subfunction(self.pos, self.scope, code)
  
          self.generate_pymoduledef_struct(env, code)
  
          code.enter_cfunc_scope(self.scope)
          code.putln("")
          code.putln(UtilityCode.load_as_string("PyModInitFuncType", "ModuleSetupCode.c")[0])
          if env.module_name.isascii():
              py2_mod_name = env.module_name
              fail_compilation_in_py2 = False
          else:
              fail_compilation_in_py2 = True
              # at this point py2_mod_name is largely a placeholder and the value doesn't matter
              py2_mod_name = env.module_name.encode("ascii", errors="ignore").decode("utf8")
  
          header2 = "__Pyx_PyMODINIT_FUNC init%s(void)" % py2_mod_name
          header3 = "__Pyx_PyMODINIT_FUNC %s(void)" % self.mod_init_func_cname('PyInit', env)
          header3 = EncodedString(header3)
          code.putln("#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3")
          # Optimise for small code size as the module init function is only executed once.
          code.putln("%s CYTHON_SMALL_CODE; /*proto*/" % header2)
          if fail_compilation_in_py2:
              code.putln('#error "Unicode module names are not supported in Python 2";')
          if self.scope.is_package:
              code.putln("#if !defined(CYTHON_NO_PYINIT_EXPORT) && (defined(WIN32) || defined(MS_WINDOWS))")
              code.putln("__Pyx_PyMODINIT_FUNC init__init__(void) { init%s(); }" % py2_mod_name)
              code.putln("#endif")
          code.putln(header2)
          code.putln("#else")
          code.putln("%s CYTHON_SMALL_CODE; /*proto*/" % header3)
          if self.scope.is_package:
              code.putln("#if !defined(CYTHON_NO_PYINIT_EXPORT) && (defined(WIN32) || defined(MS_WINDOWS))")
              code.putln("__Pyx_PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit___init__(void) { return %s(); }" % (
                  self.mod_init_func_cname('PyInit', env)))
              code.putln("#endif")
          code.putln(header3)
  
          # CPython 3.5+ supports multi-phase module initialisation (gives access to __spec__, __file__, etc.)
          code.putln("#if CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT")
          code.putln("{")
          code.putln("return PyModuleDef_Init(&%s);" % Naming.pymoduledef_cname)
          code.putln("}")
  
          mod_create_func = UtilityCode.load_as_string("ModuleCreationPEP489", "ModuleSetupCode.c")[1]
          code.put(mod_create_func)
  
          code.putln("")
          # main module init code lives in Py_mod_exec function, not in PyInit function
          code.putln("static CYTHON_SMALL_CODE int %s(PyObject *%s)" % (
              self.mod_init_func_cname(Naming.pymodule_exec_func_cname, env),
              Naming.pymodinit_module_arg))
          code.putln("#endif")  # PEP489
  
          code.putln("#endif")  # Py3
  
          # start of module init/exec function (pre/post PEP 489)
          code.putln("{")
  
          tempdecl_code = code.insertion_point()
  
          profile = code.globalstate.directives['profile']
          linetrace = code.globalstate.directives['linetrace']
          if profile or linetrace:
              if linetrace:
                  code.use_fast_gil_utility_code()
              code.globalstate.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("Profile", "Profile.c"))
  
          code.put_declare_refcount_context()
          code.putln("#if CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT")
          # Most extension modules simply can't deal with it, and Cython isn't ready either.
          # See issues listed here: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/init.html#sub-interpreter-support
          code.putln("if (%s) {" % Naming.module_cname)
          # Hack: enforce single initialisation.
          code.putln("if (%s == %s) return 0;" % (
              Naming.module_cname,
              Naming.pymodinit_module_arg,
          ))
          code.putln('PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,'
                     ' "Module \'%s\' has already been imported. Re-initialisation is not supported.");' %
                     env.module_name.as_c_string_literal()[1:-1])
          code.putln("return -1;")
          code.putln("}")
          code.putln("#elif PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3")
          # Hack: enforce single initialisation also on reimports under different names on Python 3 (with PEP 3121/489).
          code.putln("if (%s) return __Pyx_NewRef(%s);" % (
              Naming.module_cname,
              Naming.module_cname,
          ))
          code.putln("#endif")
  
          code.putln("/*--- Module creation code ---*/")
          self.generate_module_creation_code(env, code)
  
          if profile or linetrace:
              tempdecl_code.put_trace_declarations()
              code.put_trace_frame_init()
  
          refnanny_import_code = UtilityCode.load_as_string("ImportRefnannyAPI", "ModuleSetupCode.c")[1]
          code.putln(refnanny_import_code.rstrip())
          code.put_setup_refcount_context(header3)
  
          env.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load("CheckBinaryVersion", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
          code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, "__Pyx_check_binary_version()")
  
          code.putln("#ifdef __Pxy_PyFrame_Initialize_Offsets")
          code.putln("__Pxy_PyFrame_Initialize_Offsets();")
          code.putln("#endif")
          code.putln("%s = PyTuple_New(0); %s" % (
              Naming.empty_tuple, code.error_goto_if_null(Naming.empty_tuple, self.pos)))
          code.putln("%s = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(\"\", 0); %s" % (
              Naming.empty_bytes, code.error_goto_if_null(Naming.empty_bytes, self.pos)))
          code.putln("%s = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(\"\", 0); %s" % (
              Naming.empty_unicode, code.error_goto_if_null(Naming.empty_unicode, self.pos)))
  
          for ext_type in ('CyFunction', 'FusedFunction', 'Coroutine', 'Generator', 'AsyncGen', 'StopAsyncIteration'):
              code.putln("#ifdef __Pyx_%s_USED" % ext_type)
              code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, "__pyx_%s_init()" % ext_type)
              code.putln("#endif")
  
          code.putln("/*--- Library function declarations ---*/")
          if env.directives['np_pythran']:
              code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, "_import_array()")
  
          code.putln("/*--- Threads initialization code ---*/")
          code.putln("#if defined(WITH_THREAD) && PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030700F0 "
                     "&& defined(__PYX_FORCE_INIT_THREADS) && __PYX_FORCE_INIT_THREADS")
          code.putln("PyEval_InitThreads();")
          code.putln("#endif")
  
          code.putln("/*--- Initialize various global constants etc. ---*/")
          code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, "__Pyx_InitGlobals()")
  
          code.putln("#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 && (__PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII || "
                     "__PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_DEFAULT)")
          code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, "__Pyx_init_sys_getdefaultencoding_params()")
          code.putln("#endif")
  
          code.putln("if (%s) {" % self.is_main_module_flag_cname())
          code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, 'PyObject_SetAttr(%s, %s, %s)' % (
              env.module_cname,
              code.intern_identifier(EncodedString("__name__")),
              code.intern_identifier(EncodedString("__main__"))))
          code.putln("}")
  
          # set up __file__ and __path__, then add the module to sys.modules
          self.generate_module_import_setup(env, code)
  
          if Options.cache_builtins:
              code.putln("/*--- Builtin init code ---*/")
              code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, "__Pyx_InitCachedBuiltins()")
  
          code.putln("/*--- Constants init code ---*/")
          code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, "__Pyx_InitCachedConstants()")
  
          code.putln("/*--- Global type/function init code ---*/")
  
          with subfunction("Global init code") as inner_code:
              self.generate_global_init_code(env, inner_code)
  
          with subfunction("Variable export code") as inner_code:
              self.generate_c_variable_export_code(env, inner_code)
  
          with subfunction("Function export code") as inner_code:
              self.generate_c_function_export_code(env, inner_code)
  
          with subfunction("Type init code") as inner_code:
              self.generate_type_init_code(env, inner_code)
  
          with subfunction("Type import code") as inner_code:
              for module in imported_modules:
                  self.generate_type_import_code_for_module(module, env, inner_code)
  
          with subfunction("Variable import code") as inner_code:
              for module in imported_modules:
                  self.generate_c_variable_import_code_for_module(module, env, inner_code)
  
          with subfunction("Function import code") as inner_code:
              for module in imported_modules:
                  self.specialize_fused_types(module)
                  self.generate_c_function_import_code_for_module(module, env, inner_code)
  
          code.putln("/*--- Execution code ---*/")
          code.mark_pos(None)
  
          code.putln("#if defined(__Pyx_Generator_USED) || defined(__Pyx_Coroutine_USED)")
          code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, "__Pyx_patch_abc()")
          code.putln("#endif")
  
          if profile or linetrace:
              code.put_trace_call(header3, self.pos, nogil=not code.funcstate.gil_owned)
              code.funcstate.can_trace = True
  
          self.body.generate_execution_code(code)
  
          if profile or linetrace:
              code.funcstate.can_trace = False
              code.put_trace_return("Py_None", nogil=not code.funcstate.gil_owned)
  
          code.putln()
          code.putln("/*--- Wrapped vars code ---*/")
          self.generate_wrapped_entries_code(env, code)
          code.putln()
  
          if Options.generate_cleanup_code:
              code.globalstate.use_utility_code(
                  UtilityCode.load_cached("RegisterModuleCleanup", "ModuleSetupCode.c"))
              code.putln("if (__Pyx_RegisterCleanup()) %s;" % code.error_goto(self.pos))
  
          code.put_goto(code.return_label)
          code.put_label(code.error_label)
          for cname, type in code.funcstate.all_managed_temps():
              code.put_xdecref(cname, type)
          code.putln('if (%s) {' % env.module_cname)
          code.putln("#if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          code.putln('if (%s) {' % env.module_dict_cname)
          code.putln("#endif")
          code.put_add_traceback(EncodedString("init %s" % env.qualified_name))
          code.globalstate.use_utility_code(Nodes.traceback_utility_code)
          # Module reference and module dict are in global variables which might still be needed
          # for cleanup, atexit code, etc., so leaking is better than crashing.
          # At least clearing the module dict here might be a good idea, but could still break
          # user code in atexit or other global registries.
          ##code.put_decref_clear(env.module_dict_cname, py_object_type, nanny=False)
          code.putln("#if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          code.putln('}')
          code.put_decref_clear(env.module_cname, py_object_type, nanny=False, clear_before_decref=True)
          code.putln("#endif")
          code.putln('} else if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {')
          code.putln('PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "init %s");' %
                     env.qualified_name.as_c_string_literal()[1:-1])
          code.putln('}')
          code.put_label(code.return_label)
  
          code.put_finish_refcount_context()
  
          code.putln("#if CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT")
          code.putln("return (%s != NULL) ? 0 : -1;" % env.module_cname)
          code.putln("#elif PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3")
          code.putln("return %s;" % env.module_cname)
          code.putln("#else")
          code.putln("return;")
          code.putln("#endif")
          code.putln('}')
  
          tempdecl_code.put_temp_declarations(code.funcstate)
  
          code.exit_cfunc_scope()
  
      def mod_init_subfunction(self, pos, scope, orig_code):
          """
          Return a context manager that allows deviating the module init code generation
          into a separate function and instead inserts a call to it.
  
          Can be reused sequentially to create multiple functions.
          The functions get inserted at the point where the context manager was created.
          The call gets inserted where the context manager is used (on entry).
          """
          prototypes = orig_code.insertion_point()
          prototypes.putln("")
          function_code = orig_code.insertion_point()
          function_code.putln("")
  
          class ModInitSubfunction(object):
              def __init__(self, code_type):
                  cname = '_'.join(code_type.lower().split())
                  assert re.match("^[a-z0-9_]+$", cname)
                  self.cfunc_name = "__Pyx_modinit_%s" % cname
                  self.description = code_type
                  self.tempdecl_code = None
                  self.call_code = None
  
              def __enter__(self):
                  self.call_code = orig_code.insertion_point()
                  code = function_code
                  code.enter_cfunc_scope(scope)
                  prototypes.putln("static CYTHON_SMALL_CODE int %s(void); /*proto*/" % self.cfunc_name)
                  code.putln("static int %s(void) {" % self.cfunc_name)
                  code.put_declare_refcount_context()
                  self.tempdecl_code = code.insertion_point()
                  code.put_setup_refcount_context(EncodedString(self.cfunc_name))
                  # Leave a grepable marker that makes it easy to find the generator source.
                  code.putln("/*--- %s ---*/" % self.description)
                  return code
  
              def __exit__(self, *args):
                  code = function_code
                  code.put_finish_refcount_context()
                  code.putln("return 0;")
  
                  self.tempdecl_code.put_temp_declarations(code.funcstate)
                  self.tempdecl_code = None
  
                  needs_error_handling = code.label_used(code.error_label)
                  if needs_error_handling:
                      code.put_label(code.error_label)
                      for cname, type in code.funcstate.all_managed_temps():
                          code.put_xdecref(cname, type)
                      code.put_finish_refcount_context()
                      code.putln("return -1;")
                  code.putln("}")
                  code.exit_cfunc_scope()
                  code.putln("")
  
                  if needs_error_handling:
                      self.call_code.putln(
                          self.call_code.error_goto_if_neg("%s()" % self.cfunc_name, pos))
                  else:
                      self.call_code.putln("(void)%s();" % self.cfunc_name)
                  self.call_code = None
  
          return ModInitSubfunction
  
      def generate_module_import_setup(self, env, code):
          module_path = env.directives['set_initial_path']
          if module_path == 'SOURCEFILE':
              module_path = self.pos[0].filename
  
          if module_path:
              code.putln('if (!CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT) {')
              code.putln('if (PyObject_SetAttrString(%s, "__file__", %s) < 0) %s;' % (
                  env.module_cname,
                  code.globalstate.get_py_string_const(
                      EncodedString(decode_filename(module_path))).cname,
                  code.error_goto(self.pos)))
              code.putln("}")
  
              if env.is_package:
                  # set __path__ to mark the module as package
                  code.putln('if (!CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT) {')
                  temp = code.funcstate.allocate_temp(py_object_type, True)
                  code.putln('%s = Py_BuildValue("[O]", %s); %s' % (
                      temp,
                      code.globalstate.get_py_string_const(
                          EncodedString(decode_filename(
                              os.path.dirname(module_path)))).cname,
                      code.error_goto_if_null(temp, self.pos)))
                  code.put_gotref(temp, py_object_type)
                  code.putln(
                      'if (PyObject_SetAttrString(%s, "__path__", %s) < 0) %s;' % (
                          env.module_cname, temp, code.error_goto(self.pos)))
                  code.put_decref_clear(temp, py_object_type)
                  code.funcstate.release_temp(temp)
                  code.putln("}")
  
          elif env.is_package:
              # packages require __path__, so all we can do is try to figure
              # out the module path at runtime by rerunning the import lookup
              code.putln("if (!CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT) {")
              package_name, _ = self.full_module_name.rsplit('.', 1)
              if '.' in package_name:
                  parent_name = '"%s"' % (package_name.rsplit('.', 1)[0],)
              else:
                  parent_name = 'NULL'
              code.globalstate.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load(
                  "SetPackagePathFromImportLib", "ImportExport.c"))
              code.putln(code.error_goto_if_neg(
                  '__Pyx_SetPackagePathFromImportLib(%s, %s)' % (
                      parent_name,
                      code.globalstate.get_py_string_const(
                          EncodedString(env.module_name)).cname),
                  self.pos))
              code.putln("}")
  
          # CPython may not have put us into sys.modules yet, but relative imports and reimports require it
          fq_module_name = self.full_module_name
          if fq_module_name.endswith('.__init__'):
              fq_module_name = EncodedString(fq_module_name[:-len('.__init__')])
          fq_module_name_cstring = fq_module_name.as_c_string_literal()
          code.putln("#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3")
          code.putln("{")
          code.putln("PyObject *modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict(); %s" %
                     code.error_goto_if_null("modules", self.pos))
          code.putln('if (!PyDict_GetItemString(modules, %s)) {' % fq_module_name_cstring)
          code.putln(code.error_goto_if_neg('PyDict_SetItemString(modules, %s, %s)' % (
              fq_module_name_cstring, env.module_cname), self.pos))
          code.putln("}")
          code.putln("}")
          code.putln("#endif")
  
      def generate_module_cleanup_func(self, env, code):
          if not Options.generate_cleanup_code:
              return
  
          code.putln('static void %s(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *self) {' %
                     Naming.cleanup_cname)
          if Options.generate_cleanup_code >= 2:
              code.putln("/*--- Global cleanup code ---*/")
              rev_entries = list(env.var_entries)
              rev_entries.reverse()
              for entry in rev_entries:
                  if entry.visibility != 'extern':
                      if entry.type.is_pyobject and entry.used:
                          code.put_xdecref_clear(
                              entry.cname, entry.type,
                              clear_before_decref=True,
                              nanny=False)
          code.putln("__Pyx_CleanupGlobals();")
          if Options.generate_cleanup_code >= 3:
              code.putln("/*--- Type import cleanup code ---*/")
              for ext_type in sorted(env.types_imported, key=operator.attrgetter('typeptr_cname')):
                  code.put_xdecref_clear(
                      ext_type.typeptr_cname, ext_type,
                      clear_before_decref=True,
                      nanny=False)
          if Options.cache_builtins:
              code.putln("/*--- Builtin cleanup code ---*/")
              for entry in env.cached_builtins:
                  code.put_xdecref_clear(
                      entry.cname, PyrexTypes.py_object_type,
                      clear_before_decref=True,
                      nanny=False)
          code.putln("/*--- Intern cleanup code ---*/")
          code.put_decref_clear(Naming.empty_tuple,
                                PyrexTypes.py_object_type,
                                clear_before_decref=True,
                                nanny=False)
          for entry in env.c_class_entries:
              cclass_type = entry.type
              if cclass_type.is_external or cclass_type.base_type:
                  continue
              if cclass_type.scope.directives.get('freelist', 0):
                  scope = cclass_type.scope
                  freelist_name = scope.mangle_internal(Naming.freelist_name)
                  freecount_name = scope.mangle_internal(Naming.freecount_name)
                  code.putln("while (%s > 0) {" % freecount_name)
                  code.putln("PyObject* o = (PyObject*)%s[--%s];" % (
                      freelist_name, freecount_name))
                  code.putln("(*Py_TYPE(o)->tp_free)(o);")
                  code.putln("}")
  #        for entry in env.pynum_entries:
  #            code.put_decref_clear(entry.cname,
  #                                  PyrexTypes.py_object_type,
  #                                  nanny=False)
  #        for entry in env.all_pystring_entries:
  #            if entry.is_interned:
  #                code.put_decref_clear(entry.pystring_cname,
  #                                      PyrexTypes.py_object_type,
  #                                      nanny=False)
  #        for entry in env.default_entries:
  #            if entry.type.is_pyobject and entry.used:
  #                code.putln("Py_DECREF(%s); %s = 0;" % (
  #                    code.entry_as_pyobject(entry), entry.cname))
          if Options.pre_import is not None:
              code.put_decref_clear(Naming.preimport_cname, py_object_type,
                                    nanny=False, clear_before_decref=True)
          for cname in [Naming.cython_runtime_cname, Naming.builtins_cname]:
              code.put_decref_clear(cname, py_object_type, nanny=False, clear_before_decref=True)
          code.putln("#if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          code.put_decref_clear(env.module_dict_cname, py_object_type, nanny=False, clear_before_decref=True)
          code.putln("#endif")
  
      def generate_main_method(self, env, code):
          module_is_main = self.is_main_module_flag_cname()
          if Options.embed == "main":
              wmain = "wmain"
          else:
              wmain = Options.embed
          main_method = UtilityCode.load_cached("MainFunction", "Embed.c")
          code.globalstate.use_utility_code(
              main_method.specialize(
                  module_name=env.module_name,
                  module_is_main=module_is_main,
                  main_method=Options.embed,
                  wmain_method=wmain))
  
      def punycode_module_name(self, prefix, name):
          # adapted from PEP483
          try:
              name = '_' + name.encode('ascii').decode('ascii')
          except UnicodeEncodeError:
              name = 'U_' + name.encode('punycode').replace(b'-', b'_').decode('ascii')
          return "%s%s" % (prefix, name)
  
      def mod_init_func_cname(self, prefix, env):
          # from PEP483
          return self.punycode_module_name(prefix, env.module_name)
  
      def generate_pymoduledef_struct(self, env, code):
          if env.doc:
              doc = "%s" % code.get_string_const(env.doc)
          else:
              doc = "0"
          if Options.generate_cleanup_code:
              cleanup_func = "(freefunc)%s" % Naming.cleanup_cname
          else:
              cleanup_func = 'NULL'
  
          code.putln("")
          code.putln("#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3")
          code.putln("#if CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT")
          exec_func_cname = self.mod_init_func_cname(Naming.pymodule_exec_func_cname, env)
          code.putln("static PyObject* %s(PyObject *spec, PyModuleDef *def); /*proto*/" %
                     Naming.pymodule_create_func_cname)
          code.putln("static int %s(PyObject* module); /*proto*/" % exec_func_cname)
  
          code.putln("static PyModuleDef_Slot %s[] = {" % Naming.pymoduledef_slots_cname)
          code.putln("{Py_mod_create, (void*)%s}," % Naming.pymodule_create_func_cname)
          code.putln("{Py_mod_exec, (void*)%s}," % exec_func_cname)
          code.putln("{0, NULL}")
          code.putln("};")
          if not env.module_name.isascii():
              code.putln("#else /* CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT */")
              code.putln('#error "Unicode module names are only supported with multi-phase init'
                         ' as per PEP489"')
          code.putln("#endif")
  
          code.putln("")
          code.putln('#ifdef __cplusplus')
          code.putln('namespace {')
          code.putln("struct PyModuleDef %s =" % Naming.pymoduledef_cname)
          code.putln('#else')
          code.putln("static struct PyModuleDef %s =" % Naming.pymoduledef_cname)
          code.putln('#endif')
          code.putln('{')
          code.putln("  PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,")
          code.putln('  %s,' % env.module_name.as_c_string_literal())
          code.putln("  %s, /* m_doc */" % doc)
          code.putln("#if CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT")
          code.putln("  0, /* m_size */")
          code.putln("#elif CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          code.putln("  sizeof(%s), /* m_size */" % Naming.modulestate_cname)
          code.putln("#else")
          code.putln("  -1, /* m_size */")
          code.putln("#endif")
          code.putln("  %s /* m_methods */," % env.method_table_cname)
          code.putln("#if CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT")
          code.putln("  %s, /* m_slots */" % Naming.pymoduledef_slots_cname)
          code.putln("#else")
          code.putln("  NULL, /* m_reload */")
          code.putln("#endif")
          code.putln("#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          code.putln("  %s_traverse, /* m_traverse */" % Naming.module_cname)
          code.putln("  %s_clear, /* m_clear */" % Naming.module_cname)
          code.putln("  %s /* m_free */" % cleanup_func)
          code.putln("#else")
          code.putln("  NULL, /* m_traverse */")
          code.putln("  NULL, /* m_clear */")
          code.putln("  %s /* m_free */" % cleanup_func)
          code.putln("#endif")
          code.putln("};")
          code.putln('#ifdef __cplusplus')
          code.putln('} /* anonymous namespace */')
          code.putln('#endif')
          code.putln("#endif")
  
      def generate_module_creation_code(self, env, code):
          # Generate code to create the module object and
          # install the builtins.
          if env.doc:
              doc = "%s" % code.get_string_const(env.doc)
          else:
              doc = "0"
  
          code.putln("#if CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT")
          code.putln("%s = %s;" % (
              env.module_cname,
              Naming.pymodinit_module_arg))
          code.put_incref(env.module_cname, py_object_type, nanny=False)
          code.putln("#else")
          code.putln("#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3")
          code.putln(
              '%s = Py_InitModule4(%s, %s, %s, 0, PYTHON_API_VERSION); Py_XINCREF(%s);' % (
                  env.module_cname,
                  env.module_name.as_c_string_literal(),
                  env.method_table_cname,
                  doc,
                  env.module_cname))
          code.putln(code.error_goto_if_null(env.module_cname, self.pos))
          code.putln("#elif CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          module_temp = code.funcstate.allocate_temp(py_object_type, manage_ref=True)
          code.putln(
              "%s = PyModule_Create(&%s); %s" % (
                  module_temp,
                  Naming.pymoduledef_cname,
                  code.error_goto_if_null(module_temp, self.pos)))
          code.put_gotref(module_temp, py_object_type)
          code.putln(code.error_goto_if_neg("PyState_AddModule(%s, &%s)" % (
              module_temp, Naming.pymoduledef_cname), self.pos))
          code.put_decref_clear(module_temp, type=py_object_type)
          code.funcstate.release_temp(module_temp)
          code.putln('#else')
          code.putln(
              "%s = PyModule_Create(&%s);" % (
                  env.module_cname,
                  Naming.pymoduledef_cname))
          code.putln(code.error_goto_if_null(env.module_cname, self.pos))
          code.putln("#endif")
          code.putln("#endif")  # CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT
  
          code.putln("#if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
          code.putln(
              "%s = PyModule_GetDict(%s); %s" % (
                  env.module_dict_cname, env.module_cname,
                  code.error_goto_if_null(env.module_dict_cname, self.pos)))
          code.put_incref(env.module_dict_cname, py_object_type, nanny=False)
          code.putln("#endif")
  
          code.putln(
              '%s = PyImport_AddModule(__Pyx_BUILTIN_MODULE_NAME); %s' % (
                  Naming.builtins_cname,
                  code.error_goto_if_null(Naming.builtins_cname, self.pos)))
          code.put_incref(Naming.builtins_cname, py_object_type, nanny=False)
          code.putln(
              '%s = PyImport_AddModule((char *) "cython_runtime"); %s' % (
                  Naming.cython_runtime_cname,
                  code.error_goto_if_null(Naming.cython_runtime_cname, self.pos)))
          code.put_incref(Naming.cython_runtime_cname, py_object_type, nanny=False)
          code.putln(
              'if (PyObject_SetAttrString(%s, "__builtins__", %s) < 0) %s;' % (
                  env.module_cname,
                  Naming.builtins_cname,
                  code.error_goto(self.pos)))
          if Options.pre_import is not None:
              code.putln(
                  '%s = PyImport_AddModule("%s"); %s' % (
                      Naming.preimport_cname,
                      Options.pre_import,
                      code.error_goto_if_null(Naming.preimport_cname, self.pos)))
              code.put_incref(Naming.preimport_cname, py_object_type, nanny=False)
  
      def generate_global_init_code(self, env, code):
          # Generate code to initialise global PyObject *
          # variables to None.
          for entry in env.var_entries:
              if entry.visibility != 'extern':
                  if entry.used:
                      entry.type.global_init_code(entry, code)
  
      def generate_wrapped_entries_code(self, env, code):
          for name, entry in sorted(env.entries.items()):
              if (entry.create_wrapper
                      and not entry.is_type
                      and entry.scope is env):
                  if not entry.type.create_to_py_utility_code(env):
                      error(entry.pos, "Cannot convert '%s' to Python object" % entry.type)
                  code.putln("{")
                  code.putln("PyObject* wrapped = %s(%s);"  % (
                      entry.type.to_py_function,
                      entry.cname))
                  code.putln(code.error_goto_if_null("wrapped", entry.pos))
                  code.putln(
                      'if (PyObject_SetAttrString(%s, "%s", wrapped) < 0) %s;' % (
                          env.module_cname,
                          name,
                          code.error_goto(entry.pos)))
                  code.putln("}")
  
      def generate_c_variable_export_code(self, env, code):
          # Generate code to create PyCFunction wrappers for exported C functions.
          entries = []
          for entry in env.var_entries:
              if (entry.api
                      or entry.defined_in_pxd
                      or (Options.cimport_from_pyx and not entry.visibility == 'extern')):
                  entries.append(entry)
          if entries:
              env.use_utility_code(UtilityCode.load_cached("VoidPtrExport", "ImportExport.c"))
              for entry in entries:
                  signature = entry.type.empty_declaration_code()
                  name = code.intern_identifier(entry.name)
                  code.putln('if (__Pyx_ExportVoidPtr(%s, (void *)&%s, "%s") < 0) %s' % (
                      name, entry.cname, signature,
                      code.error_goto(self.pos)))
  
      def generate_c_function_export_code(self, env, code):
          # Generate code to create PyCFunction wrappers for exported C functions.
          entries = []
          for entry in env.cfunc_entries:
              if (entry.api
                      or entry.defined_in_pxd
                      or (Options.cimport_from_pyx and not entry.visibility == 'extern')):
                  entries.append(entry)
          if entries:
              env.use_utility_code(
                  UtilityCode.load_cached("FunctionExport", "ImportExport.c"))
              # Note: while this looks like it could be more cheaply stored and read from a struct array,
              # investigation shows that the resulting binary is smaller with repeated functions calls.
              for entry in entries:
                  signature = entry.type.signature_string()
                  code.putln('if (__Pyx_ExportFunction(%s, (void (*)(void))%s, "%s") < 0) %s' % (
                      entry.name.as_c_string_literal(),
                      entry.cname,
                      signature,
                      code.error_goto(self.pos)))
  
      def generate_type_import_code_for_module(self, module, env, code):
          # Generate type import code for all exported extension types in
          # an imported module.
          #if module.c_class_entries:
          with ModuleImportGenerator(code) as import_generator:
              for entry in module.c_class_entries:
                  if entry.defined_in_pxd:
                      self.generate_type_import_code(env, entry.type, entry.pos, code, import_generator)
  
      def specialize_fused_types(self, pxd_env):
          """
          If fused c(p)def functions are defined in an imported pxd, but not
          used in this implementation file, we still have fused entries and
          not specialized ones. This method replaces any fused entries with their
          specialized ones.
          """
          for entry in pxd_env.cfunc_entries[:]:
              if entry.type.is_fused:
                  # This call modifies the cfunc_entries in-place
                  entry.type.get_all_specialized_function_types()
  
      def generate_c_variable_import_code_for_module(self, module, env, code):
          # Generate import code for all exported C functions in a cimported module.
          entries = []
          for entry in module.var_entries:
              if entry.defined_in_pxd:
                  entries.append(entry)
          if entries:
              env.use_utility_code(
                  UtilityCode.load_cached("VoidPtrImport", "ImportExport.c"))
              temp = code.funcstate.allocate_temp(py_object_type, manage_ref=True)
              code.putln(
                  '%s = PyImport_ImportModule("%s"); if (!%s) %s' % (
                      temp,
                      module.qualified_name,
                      temp,
                      code.error_goto(self.pos)))
              for entry in entries:
                  if env is module:
                      cname = entry.cname
                  else:
                      cname = module.mangle(Naming.varptr_prefix, entry.name)
                  signature = entry.type.empty_declaration_code()
                  code.putln(
                      'if (__Pyx_ImportVoidPtr(%s, "%s", (void **)&%s, "%s") < 0) %s' % (
                          temp, entry.name, cname, signature,
                          code.error_goto(self.pos)))
              code.putln("Py_DECREF(%s); %s = 0;" % (temp, temp))
  
      def generate_c_function_import_code_for_module(self, module, env, code):
          # Generate import code for all exported C functions in a cimported module.
          entries = []
          for entry in module.cfunc_entries:
              if entry.defined_in_pxd and entry.used:
                  entries.append(entry)
          if entries:
              env.use_utility_code(
                  UtilityCode.load_cached("FunctionImport", "ImportExport.c"))
              temp = code.funcstate.allocate_temp(py_object_type, manage_ref=True)
              code.putln(
                  '%s = PyImport_ImportModule("%s"); if (!%s) %s' % (
                      temp,
                      module.qualified_name,
                      temp,
                      code.error_goto(self.pos)))
              for entry in entries:
                  code.putln(
                      'if (__Pyx_ImportFunction(%s, %s, (void (**)(void))&%s, "%s") < 0) %s' % (
                          temp,
                          entry.name.as_c_string_literal(),
                          entry.cname,
                          entry.type.signature_string(),
                          code.error_goto(self.pos)))
              code.putln("Py_DECREF(%s); %s = 0;" % (temp, temp))
  
      def generate_type_init_code(self, env, code):
          # Generate type import code for extern extension types
          # and type ready code for non-extern ones.
          with ModuleImportGenerator(code) as import_generator:
              for entry in env.c_class_entries:
                  if entry.visibility == 'extern' and not entry.utility_code_definition:
                      self.generate_type_import_code(env, entry.type, entry.pos, code, import_generator)
                  else:
                      self.generate_base_type_import_code(env, entry, code, import_generator)
                      self.generate_exttype_vtable_init_code(entry, code)
                      if entry.type.early_init:
                          self.generate_type_ready_code(entry, code)
  
      def generate_base_type_import_code(self, env, entry, code, import_generator):
          base_type = entry.type.base_type
          if (base_type and base_type.module_name != env.qualified_name and not
                  (base_type.is_builtin_type or base_type.is_cython_builtin_type)
                   and not entry.utility_code_definition):
              self.generate_type_import_code(env, base_type, self.pos, code, import_generator)
  
      def generate_type_import_code(self, env, type, pos, code, import_generator):
          # If not already done, generate code to import the typeobject of an
          # extension type defined in another module, and extract its C method
          # table pointer if any.
          if type in env.types_imported:
              return
          if type.name not in Code.ctypedef_builtins_map:
              # see corresponding condition in generate_type_import_call() below!
              code.globalstate.use_utility_code(
                  UtilityCode.load_cached("TypeImport", "ImportExport.c"))
          self.generate_type_import_call(type, code, import_generator, error_pos=pos)
          if type.vtabptr_cname:
              code.globalstate.use_utility_code(
                  UtilityCode.load_cached('GetVTable', 'ImportExport.c'))
              code.putln("%s = (struct %s*)__Pyx_GetVtable(%s); %s" % (
                  type.vtabptr_cname,
                  type.vtabstruct_cname,
                  type.typeptr_cname,
                  code.error_goto_if_null(type.vtabptr_cname, pos)))
          env.types_imported.add(type)
  
      def generate_type_import_call(self, type, code, import_generator, error_code=None, error_pos=None):
          if type.typedef_flag:
              objstruct = type.objstruct_cname
          else:
              objstruct = "struct %s" % type.objstruct_cname
          sizeof_objstruct = objstruct
          module_name = type.module_name
          condition = replacement = None
          if module_name not in ('__builtin__', 'builtins'):
              module_name = '"%s"' % module_name
          elif type.name in Code.ctypedef_builtins_map:
              # Fast path for special builtins, don't actually import
              ctypename = Code.ctypedef_builtins_map[type.name]
              code.putln('%s = %s;' % (type.typeptr_cname, ctypename))
              return
          else:
              module_name = '__Pyx_BUILTIN_MODULE_NAME'
              if type.name in Code.non_portable_builtins_map:
                  condition, replacement = Code.non_portable_builtins_map[type.name]
              if objstruct in Code.basicsize_builtins_map:
                  # Some builtin types have a tp_basicsize which differs from sizeof(...):
                  sizeof_objstruct = Code.basicsize_builtins_map[objstruct]
  
          if not error_code:
              assert error_pos is not None
              error_code = code.error_goto(error_pos)
  
          module = import_generator.imported_module(module_name, error_code)
          code.put('%s = __Pyx_ImportType(%s, %s,' % (
              type.typeptr_cname,
              module,
              module_name))
  
          type_name = type.name.as_c_string_literal()
  
          if condition and replacement:
              code.putln("")  # start in new line
              code.putln("#if %s" % condition)
              code.putln('"%s",' % replacement)
              code.putln("#else")
              code.putln('%s,' % type_name)
              code.putln("#endif")
          else:
              code.put(' %s, ' % type_name)
  
          if sizeof_objstruct != objstruct:
              if not condition:
                  code.putln("")  # start in new line
              code.putln("#if defined(PYPY_VERSION_NUM) && PYPY_VERSION_NUM < 0x050B0000")
              code.putln('sizeof(%s),' % objstruct)
              code.putln("#elif CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API")
              code.putln('sizeof(%s),' % objstruct)
              code.putln("#else")
              code.putln('sizeof(%s),' % sizeof_objstruct)
              code.putln("#endif")
          else:
              code.put('sizeof(%s), ' % objstruct)
  
          # check_size
          if type.check_size and type.check_size in ('error', 'warn', 'ignore'):
              check_size = type.check_size
          elif not type.is_external or type.is_subclassed:
              check_size = 'error'
          else:
              raise RuntimeError("invalid value for check_size '%s' when compiling %s.%s" % (
                  type.check_size, module_name, type.name))
          code.putln('__Pyx_ImportType_CheckSize_%s);' % check_size.title())
  
          code.putln(' if (!%s) %s' % (type.typeptr_cname, error_code))
  
      def generate_type_ready_code(self, entry, code):
          Nodes.CClassDefNode.generate_type_ready_code(entry, code)
  
      def is_main_module_flag_cname(self):
          full_module_name = self.full_module_name.replace('.', '__')
          return self.punycode_module_name(Naming.module_is_main, full_module_name)
  
      def generate_exttype_vtable_init_code(self, entry, code):
          # Generate code to initialise the C method table of an
          # extension type.
          type = entry.type
          if type.vtable_cname:
              code.putln(
                  "%s = &%s;" % (
                      type.vtabptr_cname,
                      type.vtable_cname))
              if type.base_type and type.base_type.vtabptr_cname:
                  code.putln(
                      "%s.%s = *%s;" % (
                          type.vtable_cname,
                          Naming.obj_base_cname,
                          type.base_type.vtabptr_cname))
  
              c_method_entries = [
                  entry for entry in type.scope.cfunc_entries
                  if entry.func_cname]
              if c_method_entries:
                  for meth_entry in c_method_entries:
                      cast = meth_entry.type.signature_cast_string()
                      code.putln(
                          "%s.%s = %s%s;" % (
                              type.vtable_cname,
                              meth_entry.cname,
                              cast,
                              meth_entry.func_cname))
  
  
  class ModuleImportGenerator(object):
      """
      Helper to generate module import while importing external types.
      This is used to avoid excessive re-imports of external modules when multiple types are looked up.
      """
      def __init__(self, code, imported_modules=None):
          self.code = code
          self.imported = {}
          if imported_modules:
              for name, cname in imported_modules.items():
                  self.imported['"%s"' % name] = cname
          self.temps = []  # remember original import order for freeing
  
      def imported_module(self, module_name_string, error_code):
          if module_name_string in self.imported:
              return self.imported[module_name_string]
  
          code = self.code
          temp = code.funcstate.allocate_temp(py_object_type, manage_ref=True)
          self.temps.append(temp)
          code.putln('%s = PyImport_ImportModule(%s); if (unlikely(!%s)) %s' % (
              temp, module_name_string, temp, error_code))
          code.put_gotref(temp, py_object_type)
          self.imported[module_name_string] = temp
          return temp
  
      def __enter__(self):
          return self
  
      def __exit__(self, *exc):
          code = self.code
          for temp in self.temps:
              code.put_decref_clear(temp, py_object_type)
              code.funcstate.release_temp(temp)
  
  
  def generate_cfunction_declaration(entry, env, code, definition):
      from_cy_utility = entry.used and entry.utility_code_definition
      if entry.used and entry.inline_func_in_pxd or (not entry.in_cinclude and (
              definition or entry.defined_in_pxd or entry.visibility == 'extern' or from_cy_utility)):
          if entry.visibility == 'extern':
              storage_class = Naming.extern_c_macro
              dll_linkage = "DL_IMPORT"
          elif entry.visibility == 'public':
              storage_class = Naming.extern_c_macro
              dll_linkage = None
          elif entry.visibility == 'private':
              storage_class = "static"
              dll_linkage = None
          else:
              storage_class = "static"
              dll_linkage = None
          type = entry.type
  
          if entry.defined_in_pxd and not definition:
              storage_class = "static"
              dll_linkage = None
              type = CPtrType(type)
  
          header = type.declaration_code(
              entry.cname, dll_linkage=dll_linkage)
          modifiers = code.build_function_modifiers(entry.func_modifiers)
          code.putln("%s %s%s; /*proto*/" % (
              storage_class,
              modifiers,
              header))
  
  #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #
  #  Runtime support code
  #
  #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  refnanny_utility_code = UtilityCode.load("Refnanny", "ModuleSetupCode.c")
  
  packed_struct_utility_code = UtilityCode(proto="""
  #if defined(__GNUC__)
  #define __Pyx_PACKED __attribute__((__packed__))
  #else
  #define __Pyx_PACKED
  #endif
  """, impl="", proto_block='utility_code_proto_before_types')
  
  capsule_utility_code = UtilityCode.load("Capsule", "Capsule.c")
  