text: /*
   * Copyright 1995-2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
   *
   * Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License").  You may not use
   * this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
   * in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
   * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
   */
  
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <time.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include "apps.h"
  #include <openssl/bio.h>
  #include <openssl/evp.h>
  #include <openssl/conf.h>
  #include <openssl/err.h>
  #include <openssl/asn1.h>
  #include <openssl/x509.h>
  #include <openssl/x509v3.h>
  #include <openssl/objects.h>
  #include <openssl/pem.h>
  #include <openssl/bn.h>
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_RSA
  # include <openssl/rsa.h>
  #endif
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DSA
  # include <openssl/dsa.h>
  #endif
  
  #define SECTION         "req"
  
  #define BITS            "default_bits"
  #define KEYFILE         "default_keyfile"
  #define PROMPT          "prompt"
  #define DISTINGUISHED_NAME      "distinguished_name"
  #define ATTRIBUTES      "attributes"
  #define V3_EXTENSIONS   "x509_extensions"
  #define REQ_EXTENSIONS  "req_extensions"
  #define STRING_MASK     "string_mask"
  #define UTF8_IN         "utf8"
  
  #define DEFAULT_KEY_LENGTH      2048
  #define MIN_KEY_LENGTH          512
  
  static int make_REQ(X509_REQ *req, EVP_PKEY *pkey, char *dn, int mutlirdn,
                      int attribs, unsigned long chtype);
  static int build_subject(X509_REQ *req, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
                           int multirdn);
  static int prompt_info(X509_REQ *req,
                         STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *dn_sk, char *dn_sect,
                         STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *attr_sk, char *attr_sect,
                         int attribs, unsigned long chtype);
  static int auto_info(X509_REQ *req, STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *sk,
                       STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *attr, int attribs,
                       unsigned long chtype);
  static int add_attribute_object(X509_REQ *req, char *text, const char *def,
                                  char *value, int nid, int n_min, int n_max,
                                  unsigned long chtype);
  static int add_DN_object(X509_NAME *n, char *text, const char *def,
                           char *value, int nid, int n_min, int n_max,
                           unsigned long chtype, int mval);
  static int genpkey_cb(EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx);
  static int req_check_len(int len, int n_min, int n_max);
  static int check_end(const char *str, const char *end);
  static EVP_PKEY_CTX *set_keygen_ctx(const char *gstr,
                                      int *pkey_type, long *pkeylen,
                                      char **palgnam, ENGINE *keygen_engine);
  static CONF *req_conf = NULL;
  static int batch = 0;
  
  typedef enum OPTION_choice {
      OPT_ERR = -1, OPT_EOF = 0, OPT_HELP,
      OPT_INFORM, OPT_OUTFORM, OPT_ENGINE, OPT_KEYGEN_ENGINE, OPT_KEY,
      OPT_PUBKEY, OPT_NEW, OPT_CONFIG, OPT_KEYFORM, OPT_IN, OPT_OUT,
      OPT_KEYOUT, OPT_PASSIN, OPT_PASSOUT, OPT_RAND, OPT_NEWKEY,
      OPT_PKEYOPT, OPT_SIGOPT, OPT_BATCH, OPT_NEWHDR, OPT_MODULUS,
      OPT_VERIFY, OPT_NODES, OPT_NOOUT, OPT_VERBOSE, OPT_UTF8,
      OPT_NAMEOPT, OPT_REQOPT, OPT_SUBJ, OPT_SUBJECT, OPT_TEXT, OPT_X509,
      OPT_MULTIVALUE_RDN, OPT_DAYS, OPT_SET_SERIAL, OPT_EXTENSIONS,
      OPT_REQEXTS, OPT_MD
  } OPTION_CHOICE;
  
  OPTIONS req_options[] = {
      {"help", OPT_HELP, '-', "Display this summary"},
      {"inform", OPT_INFORM, 'F', "Input format - DER or PEM"},
      {"outform", OPT_OUTFORM, 'F', "Output format - DER or PEM"},
      {"in", OPT_IN, '<', "Input file"},
      {"out", OPT_OUT, '>', "Output file"},
      {"key", OPT_KEY, 's', "Private key to use"},
      {"keyform", OPT_KEYFORM, 'f', "Key file format"},
      {"pubkey", OPT_PUBKEY, '-', "Output public key"},
      {"new", OPT_NEW, '-', "New request"},
      {"config", OPT_CONFIG, '<', "Request template file"},
      {"keyout", OPT_KEYOUT, '>', "File to send the key to"},
      {"passin", OPT_PASSIN, 's', "Private key password source"},
      {"passout", OPT_PASSOUT, 's', "Output file pass phrase source"},
      {"rand", OPT_RAND, 's',
       "Load the file(s) into the random number generator"},
      {"newkey", OPT_NEWKEY, 's', "Specify as type:bits"},
      {"pkeyopt", OPT_PKEYOPT, 's', "Public key options as opt:value"},
      {"sigopt", OPT_SIGOPT, 's', "Signature parameter in n:v form"},
      {"batch", OPT_BATCH, '-',
       "Do not ask anything during request generation"},
      {"newhdr", OPT_NEWHDR, '-', "Output \"NEW\" in the header lines"},
      {"modulus", OPT_MODULUS, '-', "RSA modulus"},
      {"verify", OPT_VERIFY, '-', "Verify signature on REQ"},
      {"nodes", OPT_NODES, '-', "Don't encrypt the output key"},
      {"noout", OPT_NOOUT, '-', "Do not output REQ"},
      {"verbose", OPT_VERBOSE, '-', "Verbose output"},
      {"utf8", OPT_UTF8, '-', "Input characters are UTF8 (default ASCII)"},
      {"nameopt", OPT_NAMEOPT, 's', "Various certificate name options"},
      {"reqopt", OPT_REQOPT, 's', "Various request text options"},
      {"text", OPT_TEXT, '-', "Text form of request"},
      {"x509", OPT_X509, '-',
       "Output a x509 structure instead of a cert request"},
      {OPT_MORE_STR, 1, 1, "(Required by some CA's)"},
      {"subj", OPT_SUBJ, 's', "Set or modify request subject"},
      {"subject", OPT_SUBJECT, '-', "Output the request's subject"},
      {"multivalue-rdn", OPT_MULTIVALUE_RDN, '-',
       "Enable support for multivalued RDNs"},
      {"days", OPT_DAYS, 'p', "Number of days cert is valid for"},
      {"set_serial", OPT_SET_SERIAL, 'p', "Serial number to use"},
      {"extensions", OPT_EXTENSIONS, 's',
       "Cert extension section (override value in config file)"},
      {"reqexts", OPT_REQEXTS, 's',
       "Request extension section (override value in config file)"},
      {"", OPT_MD, '-', "Any supported digest"},
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
      {"engine", OPT_ENGINE, 's', "Use engine, possibly a hardware device"},
      {"keygen_engine", OPT_KEYGEN_ENGINE, 's',
       "Specify engine to be used for key generation operations"},
  #endif
      {NULL}
  };
  
  int req_main(int argc, char **argv)
  {
      ASN1_INTEGER *serial = NULL;
      BIO *in = NULL, *out = NULL;
      ENGINE *e = NULL, *gen_eng = NULL;
      EVP_PKEY *pkey = NULL;
      EVP_PKEY_CTX *genctx = NULL;
      STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *pkeyopts = NULL, *sigopts = NULL;
      X509 *x509ss = NULL;
      X509_REQ *req = NULL;
      const EVP_CIPHER *cipher = NULL;
      const EVP_MD *md_alg = NULL, *digest = NULL;
      char *extensions = NULL, *infile = NULL;
      char *outfile = NULL, *keyfile = NULL, *inrand = NULL;
      char *keyalgstr = NULL, *p, *prog, *passargin = NULL, *passargout = NULL;
      char *passin = NULL, *passout = NULL;
      char *nofree_passin = NULL, *nofree_passout = NULL;
      char *req_exts = NULL, *subj = NULL;
      char *template = default_config_file, *keyout = NULL;
      const char *keyalg = NULL;
      OPTION_CHOICE o;
      int ret = 1, x509 = 0, days = 30, i = 0, newreq = 0, verbose = 0;
      int pkey_type = -1, private = 0;
      int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM, keyform = FORMAT_PEM;
      int modulus = 0, multirdn = 0, verify = 0, noout = 0, text = 0;
      int nodes = 0, newhdr = 0, subject = 0, pubkey = 0;
      long newkey = -1;
      unsigned long chtype = MBSTRING_ASC, nmflag = 0, reqflag = 0;
      char nmflag_set = 0;
  
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DES
      cipher = EVP_des_ede3_cbc();
  #endif
  
      prog = opt_init(argc, argv, req_options);
      while ((o = opt_next()) != OPT_EOF) {
          switch (o) {
          case OPT_EOF:
          case OPT_ERR:
   opthelp:
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s: Use -help for summary.\n", prog);
              goto end;
          case OPT_HELP:
              opt_help(req_options);
              ret = 0;
              goto end;
          case OPT_INFORM:
              if (!opt_format(opt_arg(), OPT_FMT_PEMDER, &informat))
                  goto opthelp;
              break;
          case OPT_OUTFORM:
              if (!opt_format(opt_arg(), OPT_FMT_PEMDER, &outformat))
                  goto opthelp;
              break;
          case OPT_ENGINE:
              e = setup_engine(opt_arg(), 0);
              break;
          case OPT_KEYGEN_ENGINE:
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
              gen_eng = ENGINE_by_id(opt_arg());
              if (gen_eng == NULL) {
                  BIO_printf(bio_err, "Can't find keygen engine %s\n", *argv);
                  goto opthelp;
              }
  #endif
              break;
          case OPT_KEY:
              keyfile = opt_arg();
              break;
          case OPT_PUBKEY:
              pubkey = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_NEW:
              newreq = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_CONFIG:
              template = opt_arg();
              break;
          case OPT_KEYFORM:
              if (!opt_format(opt_arg(), OPT_FMT_ANY, &keyform))
                  goto opthelp;
              break;
          case OPT_IN:
              infile = opt_arg();
              break;
          case OPT_OUT:
              outfile = opt_arg();
              break;
          case OPT_KEYOUT:
              keyout = opt_arg();
              break;
          case OPT_PASSIN:
              passargin = opt_arg();
              break;
          case OPT_PASSOUT:
              passargout = opt_arg();
              break;
          case OPT_RAND:
              inrand = opt_arg();
              break;
          case OPT_NEWKEY:
              keyalg = opt_arg();
              newreq = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_PKEYOPT:
              if (!pkeyopts)
                  pkeyopts = sk_OPENSSL_STRING_new_null();
              if (!pkeyopts || !sk_OPENSSL_STRING_push(pkeyopts, opt_arg()))
                  goto opthelp;
              break;
          case OPT_SIGOPT:
              if (!sigopts)
                  sigopts = sk_OPENSSL_STRING_new_null();
              if (!sigopts || !sk_OPENSSL_STRING_push(sigopts, opt_arg()))
                  goto opthelp;
              break;
          case OPT_BATCH:
              batch = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_NEWHDR:
              newhdr = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_MODULUS:
              modulus = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_VERIFY:
              verify = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_NODES:
              nodes = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_NOOUT:
              noout = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_VERBOSE:
              verbose = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_UTF8:
              chtype = MBSTRING_UTF8;
              break;
          case OPT_NAMEOPT:
              nmflag_set = 1;
              if (!set_name_ex(&nmflag, opt_arg()))
                  goto opthelp;
              break;
          case OPT_REQOPT:
              if (!set_cert_ex(&reqflag, opt_arg()))
                  goto opthelp;
              break;
          case OPT_TEXT:
              text = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_X509:
              x509 = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_DAYS:
              days = atoi(opt_arg());
              break;
          case OPT_SET_SERIAL:
              serial = s2i_ASN1_INTEGER(NULL, opt_arg());
              if (serial == NULL)
                  goto opthelp;
              break;
          case OPT_SUBJECT:
              subject = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_SUBJ:
              subj = opt_arg();
              break;
          case OPT_MULTIVALUE_RDN:
              multirdn = 1;
              break;
          case OPT_EXTENSIONS:
              extensions = opt_arg();
              break;
          case OPT_REQEXTS:
              req_exts = opt_arg();
              break;
          case OPT_MD:
              if (!opt_md(opt_unknown(), &md_alg))
                  goto opthelp;
              digest = md_alg;
              break;
          }
      }
      argc = opt_num_rest();
      if (argc != 0)
          goto opthelp;
  
      if (!nmflag_set)
          nmflag = XN_FLAG_ONELINE;
  
      /* TODO: simplify this as pkey is still always NULL here */ 
      private = newreq && (pkey == NULL) ? 1 : 0;
  
      if (!app_passwd(passargin, passargout, &passin, &passout)) {
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error getting passwords\n");
          goto end;
      }
  
      if (verbose)
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "Using configuration from %s\n", template);
      req_conf = app_load_config(template);
      if (template != default_config_file && !app_load_modules(req_conf))
          goto end;
  
      if (req_conf != NULL) {
          p = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, NULL, "oid_file");
          if (p == NULL)
              ERR_clear_error();
          if (p != NULL) {
              BIO *oid_bio;
  
              oid_bio = BIO_new_file(p, "r");
              if (oid_bio == NULL) {
                  /*-
                  BIO_printf(bio_err,"problems opening %s for extra oid's\n",p);
                  ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
                  */
              } else {
                  OBJ_create_objects(oid_bio);
                  BIO_free(oid_bio);
              }
          }
      }
      if (!add_oid_section(req_conf))
          goto end;
  
      if (md_alg == NULL) {
          p = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, "default_md");
          if (p == NULL)
              ERR_clear_error();
          else {
              if (!opt_md(p, &md_alg))
                  goto opthelp;
              digest = md_alg;
          }
      }
  
      if (!extensions) {
          extensions = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, V3_EXTENSIONS);
          if (!extensions)
              ERR_clear_error();
      }
      if (extensions) {
          /* Check syntax of file */
          X509V3_CTX ctx;
          X509V3_set_ctx_test(&ctx);
          X509V3_set_nconf(&ctx, req_conf);
          if (!X509V3_EXT_add_nconf(req_conf, &ctx, extensions, NULL)) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err,
                         "Error Loading extension section %s\n", extensions);
              goto end;
          }
      }
  
      if (passin == NULL) {
          passin = nofree_passin =
              NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, "input_password");
          if (passin == NULL)
              ERR_clear_error();
      }
  
      if (passout == NULL) {
          passout = nofree_passout =
              NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, "output_password");
          if (passout == NULL)
              ERR_clear_error();
      }
  
      p = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, STRING_MASK);
      if (!p)
          ERR_clear_error();
  
      if (p && !ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask_asc(p)) {
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "Invalid global string mask setting %s\n", p);
          goto end;
      }
  
      if (chtype != MBSTRING_UTF8) {
          p = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, UTF8_IN);
          if (!p)
              ERR_clear_error();
          else if (strcmp(p, "yes") == 0)
              chtype = MBSTRING_UTF8;
      }
  
      if (!req_exts) {
          req_exts = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, REQ_EXTENSIONS);
          if (!req_exts)
              ERR_clear_error();
      }
      if (req_exts) {
          /* Check syntax of file */
          X509V3_CTX ctx;
          X509V3_set_ctx_test(&ctx);
          X509V3_set_nconf(&ctx, req_conf);
          if (!X509V3_EXT_add_nconf(req_conf, &ctx, req_exts, NULL)) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err,
                         "Error Loading request extension section %s\n",
                         req_exts);
              goto end;
          }
      }
  
      if (keyfile != NULL) {
          pkey = load_key(keyfile, keyform, 0, passin, e, "Private Key");
          if (!pkey) {
              /* load_key() has already printed an appropriate message */
              goto end;
          } else {
              char *randfile = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, "RANDFILE");
              if (randfile == NULL)
                  ERR_clear_error();
              app_RAND_load_file(randfile, 0);
          }
      }
  
      if (newreq && (pkey == NULL)) {
          char *randfile = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, "RANDFILE");
          if (randfile == NULL)
              ERR_clear_error();
          app_RAND_load_file(randfile, 0);
          if (inrand)
              app_RAND_load_files(inrand);
  
          if (!NCONF_get_number(req_conf, SECTION, BITS, &newkey)) {
              newkey = DEFAULT_KEY_LENGTH;
          }
  
          if (keyalg) {
              genctx = set_keygen_ctx(keyalg, &pkey_type, &newkey,
                                      &keyalgstr, gen_eng);
              if (!genctx)
                  goto end;
          }
  
          if (newkey < MIN_KEY_LENGTH
              && (pkey_type == EVP_PKEY_RSA || pkey_type == EVP_PKEY_DSA)) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "private key length is too short,\n");
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "it needs to be at least %d bits, not %ld\n",
                         MIN_KEY_LENGTH, newkey);
              goto end;
          }
  
          if (!genctx) {
              genctx = set_keygen_ctx(NULL, &pkey_type, &newkey,
                                      &keyalgstr, gen_eng);
              if (!genctx)
                  goto end;
          }
  
          if (pkeyopts) {
              char *genopt;
              for (i = 0; i < sk_OPENSSL_STRING_num(pkeyopts); i++) {
                  genopt = sk_OPENSSL_STRING_value(pkeyopts, i);
                  if (pkey_ctrl_string(genctx, genopt) <= 0) {
                      BIO_printf(bio_err, "parameter error \"%s\"\n", genopt);
                      ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
                      goto end;
                  }
              }
          }
  
          if (pkey_type == EVP_PKEY_EC) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "Generating an EC private key\n");
          } else {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "Generating a %ld bit %s private key\n",
                         newkey, keyalgstr);
          }
  
          EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_cb(genctx, genpkey_cb);
          EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_app_data(genctx, bio_err);
  
          if (EVP_PKEY_keygen(genctx, &pkey) <= 0) {
              BIO_puts(bio_err, "Error Generating Key\n");
              goto end;
          }
  
          EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(genctx);
          genctx = NULL;
  
          app_RAND_write_file(randfile);
  
          if (keyout == NULL) {
              keyout = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, KEYFILE);
              if (keyout == NULL)
                  ERR_clear_error();
          }
  
          if (keyout == NULL)
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "writing new private key to stdout\n");
          else
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "writing new private key to '%s'\n", keyout);
          out = bio_open_owner(keyout, outformat, private);
          if (out == NULL)
              goto end;
  
          p = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, "encrypt_rsa_key");
          if (p == NULL) {
              ERR_clear_error();
              p = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, "encrypt_key");
              if (p == NULL)
                  ERR_clear_error();
          }
          if ((p != NULL) && (strcmp(p, "no") == 0))
              cipher = NULL;
          if (nodes)
              cipher = NULL;
  
          i = 0;
   loop:
          assert(private);
          if (!PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(out, pkey, cipher,
                                        NULL, 0, NULL, passout)) {
              if ((ERR_GET_REASON(ERR_peek_error()) ==
                   PEM_R_PROBLEMS_GETTING_PASSWORD) && (i < 3)) {
                  ERR_clear_error();
                  i++;
                  goto loop;
              }
              goto end;
          }
          BIO_free(out);
          out = NULL;
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "-----\n");
      }
  
      if (!newreq) {
          in = bio_open_default(infile, 'r', informat);
          if (in == NULL)
              goto end;
  
          if (informat == FORMAT_ASN1)
              req = d2i_X509_REQ_bio(in, NULL);
          else
              req = PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ(in, NULL, NULL, NULL);
          if (req == NULL) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to load X509 request\n");
              goto end;
          }
      }
  
      if (newreq || x509) {
          if (pkey == NULL) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "you need to specify a private key\n");
              goto end;
          }
  
          if (req == NULL) {
              req = X509_REQ_new();
              if (req == NULL) {
                  goto end;
              }
  
              i = make_REQ(req, pkey, subj, multirdn, !x509, chtype);
              subj = NULL;        /* done processing '-subj' option */
              if (!i) {
                  BIO_printf(bio_err, "problems making Certificate Request\n");
                  goto end;
              }
          }
          if (x509) {
              EVP_PKEY *tmppkey;
              X509V3_CTX ext_ctx;
              if ((x509ss = X509_new()) == NULL)
                  goto end;
  
              /* Set version to V3 */
              if (extensions && !X509_set_version(x509ss, 2))
                  goto end;
              if (serial) {
                  if (!X509_set_serialNumber(x509ss, serial))
                      goto end;
              } else {
                  if (!rand_serial(NULL, X509_get_serialNumber(x509ss)))
                      goto end;
              }
  
              if (!X509_set_issuer_name(x509ss, X509_REQ_get_subject_name(req)))
                  goto end;
              if (!X509_gmtime_adj(X509_get_notBefore(x509ss), 0))
                  goto end;
              if (!X509_time_adj_ex(X509_get_notAfter(x509ss), days, 0, NULL))
                  goto end;
              if (!X509_set_subject_name
                  (x509ss, X509_REQ_get_subject_name(req)))
                  goto end;
              tmppkey = X509_REQ_get0_pubkey(req);
              if (!tmppkey || !X509_set_pubkey(x509ss, tmppkey))
                  goto end;
  
              /* Set up V3 context struct */
  
              X509V3_set_ctx(&ext_ctx, x509ss, x509ss, NULL, NULL, 0);
              X509V3_set_nconf(&ext_ctx, req_conf);
  
              /* Add extensions */
              if (extensions && !X509V3_EXT_add_nconf(req_conf,
                                                      &ext_ctx, extensions,
                                                      x509ss)) {
                  BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error Loading extension section %s\n",
                             extensions);
                  goto end;
              }
  
              i = do_X509_sign(x509ss, pkey, digest, sigopts);
              if (!i) {
                  ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
                  goto end;
              }
          } else {
              X509V3_CTX ext_ctx;
  
              /* Set up V3 context struct */
  
              X509V3_set_ctx(&ext_ctx, NULL, NULL, req, NULL, 0);
              X509V3_set_nconf(&ext_ctx, req_conf);
  
              /* Add extensions */
              if (req_exts && !X509V3_EXT_REQ_add_nconf(req_conf,
                                                        &ext_ctx, req_exts,
                                                        req)) {
                  BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error Loading extension section %s\n",
                             req_exts);
                  goto end;
              }
              i = do_X509_REQ_sign(req, pkey, digest, sigopts);
              if (!i) {
                  ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
                  goto end;
              }
          }
      }
  
      if (subj && x509) {
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "Cannot modify certificate subject\n");
          goto end;
      }
  
      if (subj && !x509) {
          if (verbose) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "Modifying Request's Subject\n");
              print_name(bio_err, "old subject=",
                         X509_REQ_get_subject_name(req), nmflag);
          }
  
          if (build_subject(req, subj, chtype, multirdn) == 0) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "ERROR: cannot modify subject\n");
              ret = 1;
              goto end;
          }
  
          if (verbose) {
              print_name(bio_err, "new subject=",
                         X509_REQ_get_subject_name(req), nmflag);
          }
      }
  
      if (verify && !x509) {
          EVP_PKEY *tpubkey = pkey;
  
          if (tpubkey == NULL) {
              tpubkey = X509_REQ_get0_pubkey(req);
              if (tpubkey == NULL)
                  goto end;
          }
  
          i = X509_REQ_verify(req, tpubkey);
  
          if (i < 0) {
              goto end;
          } else if (i == 0) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "verify failure\n");
              ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
          } else                  /* if (i > 0) */
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "verify OK\n");
      }
  
      if (noout && !text && !modulus && !subject && !pubkey) {
          ret = 0;
          goto end;
      }
  
      out = bio_open_default(outfile,
                             keyout != NULL && outfile != NULL &&
                             strcmp(keyout, outfile) == 0 ? 'a' : 'w',
                             outformat);
      if (out == NULL)
          goto end;
  
      if (pubkey) {
          EVP_PKEY *tpubkey;
          tpubkey = X509_REQ_get_pubkey(req);
          if (tpubkey == NULL) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error getting public key\n");
              ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
              goto end;
          }
          PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY(out, tpubkey);
          EVP_PKEY_free(tpubkey);
      }
  
      if (text) {
          if (x509)
              X509_print_ex(out, x509ss, nmflag, reqflag);
          else
              X509_REQ_print_ex(out, req, nmflag, reqflag);
      }
  
      if (subject) {
          if (x509)
              print_name(out, "subject=", X509_get_subject_name(x509ss),
                         nmflag);
          else
              print_name(out, "subject=", X509_REQ_get_subject_name(req),
                         nmflag);
      }
  
      if (modulus) {
          EVP_PKEY *tpubkey;
  
          if (x509)
              tpubkey = X509_get_pubkey(x509ss);
          else
              tpubkey = X509_REQ_get_pubkey(req);
          if (tpubkey == NULL) {
              fprintf(stdout, "Modulus=unavailable\n");
              goto end;
          }
          fprintf(stdout, "Modulus=");
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_RSA
          if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(tpubkey) == EVP_PKEY_RSA) {
              const BIGNUM *n;
              RSA_get0_key(EVP_PKEY_get0_RSA(tpubkey), &n, NULL, NULL);
              BN_print(out, n);
          } else
  #endif
              fprintf(stdout, "Wrong Algorithm type");
          EVP_PKEY_free(tpubkey);
          fprintf(stdout, "\n");
      }
  
      if (!noout && !x509) {
          if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1)
              i = i2d_X509_REQ_bio(out, req);
          else if (newhdr)
              i = PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ_NEW(out, req);
          else
              i = PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ(out, req);
          if (!i) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to write X509 request\n");
              goto end;
          }
      }
      if (!noout && x509 && (x509ss != NULL)) {
          if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1)
              i = i2d_X509_bio(out, x509ss);
          else
              i = PEM_write_bio_X509(out, x509ss);
          if (!i) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to write X509 certificate\n");
              goto end;
          }
      }
      ret = 0;
   end:
      if (ret) {
          ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
      }
      NCONF_free(req_conf);
      BIO_free(in);
      BIO_free_all(out);
      EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
      EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(genctx);
      sk_OPENSSL_STRING_free(pkeyopts);
      sk_OPENSSL_STRING_free(sigopts);
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
      ENGINE_free(gen_eng);
  #endif
      OPENSSL_free(keyalgstr);
      X509_REQ_free(req);
      X509_free(x509ss);
      ASN1_INTEGER_free(serial);
      if (passin != nofree_passin)
          OPENSSL_free(passin);
      if (passout != nofree_passout)
          OPENSSL_free(passout);
      return (ret);
  }
  
  static int make_REQ(X509_REQ *req, EVP_PKEY *pkey, char *subj, int multirdn,
                      int attribs, unsigned long chtype)
  {
      int ret = 0, i;
      char no_prompt = 0;
      STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *dn_sk, *attr_sk = NULL;
      char *tmp, *dn_sect, *attr_sect;
  
      tmp = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, PROMPT);
      if (tmp == NULL)
          ERR_clear_error();
      if ((tmp != NULL) && strcmp(tmp, "no") == 0)
          no_prompt = 1;
  
      dn_sect = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, DISTINGUISHED_NAME);
      if (dn_sect == NULL) {
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to find '%s' in config\n",
                     DISTINGUISHED_NAME);
          goto err;
      }
      dn_sk = NCONF_get_section(req_conf, dn_sect);
      if (dn_sk == NULL) {
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to get '%s' section\n", dn_sect);
          goto err;
      }
  
      attr_sect = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, SECTION, ATTRIBUTES);
      if (attr_sect == NULL) {
          ERR_clear_error();
          attr_sk = NULL;
      } else {
          attr_sk = NCONF_get_section(req_conf, attr_sect);
          if (attr_sk == NULL) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to get '%s' section\n", attr_sect);
              goto err;
          }
      }
  
      /* setup version number */
      if (!X509_REQ_set_version(req, 0L))
          goto err;               /* version 1 */
  
      if (subj)
          i = build_subject(req, subj, chtype, multirdn);
      else if (no_prompt)
          i = auto_info(req, dn_sk, attr_sk, attribs, chtype);
      else
          i = prompt_info(req, dn_sk, dn_sect, attr_sk, attr_sect, attribs,
                          chtype);
      if (!i)
          goto err;
  
      if (!X509_REQ_set_pubkey(req, pkey))
          goto err;
  
      ret = 1;
   err:
      return (ret);
  }
  
  /*
   * subject is expected to be in the format /type0=value0/type1=value1/type2=...
   * where characters may be escaped by \
   */
  static int build_subject(X509_REQ *req, char *subject, unsigned long chtype,
                           int multirdn)
  {
      X509_NAME *n;
  
      if ((n = parse_name(subject, chtype, multirdn)) == NULL)
          return 0;
  
      if (!X509_REQ_set_subject_name(req, n)) {
          X509_NAME_free(n);
          return 0;
      }
      X509_NAME_free(n);
      return 1;
  }
  
  static int prompt_info(X509_REQ *req,
                         STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *dn_sk, char *dn_sect,
                         STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *attr_sk, char *attr_sect,
                         int attribs, unsigned long chtype)
  {
      int i;
      char *p, *q;
      char buf[100];
      int nid, mval;
      long n_min, n_max;
      char *type, *value;
      const char *def;
      CONF_VALUE *v;
      X509_NAME *subj;
      subj = X509_REQ_get_subject_name(req);
  
      if (!batch) {
          BIO_printf(bio_err,
                     "You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated\n");
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "into your certificate request.\n");
          BIO_printf(bio_err,
                     "What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.\n");
          BIO_printf(bio_err,
                     "There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank\n");
          BIO_printf(bio_err,
                     "For some fields there will be a default value,\n");
          BIO_printf(bio_err,
                     "If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.\n");
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "-----\n");
      }
  
      if (sk_CONF_VALUE_num(dn_sk)) {
          i = -1;
   start:for (;;) {
              i++;
              if (sk_CONF_VALUE_num(dn_sk) <= i)
                  break;
  
              v = sk_CONF_VALUE_value(dn_sk, i);
              p = q = NULL;
              type = v->name;
              if (!check_end(type, "_min") || !check_end(type, "_max") ||
                  !check_end(type, "_default") || !check_end(type, "_value"))
                  continue;
              /*
               * Skip past any leading X. X: X, etc to allow for multiple
               * instances
               */
              for (p = v->name; *p; p++)
                  if ((*p == ':') || (*p == ',') || (*p == '.')) {
                      p++;
                      if (*p)
                          type = p;
                      break;
                  }
              if (*type == '+') {
                  mval = -1;
                  type++;
              } else
                  mval = 0;
              /* If OBJ not recognised ignore it */
              if ((nid = OBJ_txt2nid(type)) == NID_undef)
                  goto start;
              if (BIO_snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s_default", v->name)
                  >= (int)sizeof(buf)) {
                  BIO_printf(bio_err, "Name '%s' too long\n", v->name);
                  return 0;
              }
  
              if ((def = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, dn_sect, buf)) == NULL) {
                  ERR_clear_error();
                  def = "";
              }
  
              BIO_snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s_value", v->name);
              if ((value = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, dn_sect, buf)) == NULL) {
                  ERR_clear_error();
                  value = NULL;
              }
  
              BIO_snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s_min", v->name);
              if (!NCONF_get_number(req_conf, dn_sect, buf, &n_min)) {
                  ERR_clear_error();
                  n_min = -1;
              }
  
              BIO_snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s_max", v->name);
              if (!NCONF_get_number(req_conf, dn_sect, buf, &n_max)) {
                  ERR_clear_error();
                  n_max = -1;
              }
  
              if (!add_DN_object(subj, v->value, def, value, nid,
                                 n_min, n_max, chtype, mval))
                  return 0;
          }
          if (X509_NAME_entry_count(subj) == 0) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err,
                         "error, no objects specified in config file\n");
              return 0;
          }
  
          if (attribs) {
              if ((attr_sk != NULL) && (sk_CONF_VALUE_num(attr_sk) > 0)
                  && (!batch)) {
                  BIO_printf(bio_err,
                             "\nPlease enter the following 'extra' attributes\n");
                  BIO_printf(bio_err,
                             "to be sent with your certificate request\n");
              }
  
              i = -1;
   start2:   for (;;) {
                  i++;
                  if ((attr_sk == NULL) || (sk_CONF_VALUE_num(attr_sk) <= i))
                      break;
  
                  v = sk_CONF_VALUE_value(attr_sk, i);
                  type = v->name;
                  if ((nid = OBJ_txt2nid(type)) == NID_undef)
                      goto start2;
  
                  if (BIO_snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s_default", type)
                      >= (int)sizeof(buf)) {
                      BIO_printf(bio_err, "Name '%s' too long\n", v->name);
                      return 0;
                  }
  
                  if ((def = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, attr_sect, buf))
                      == NULL) {
                      ERR_clear_error();
                      def = "";
                  }
  
                  BIO_snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s_value", type);
                  if ((value = NCONF_get_string(req_conf, attr_sect, buf))
                      == NULL) {
                      ERR_clear_error();
                      value = NULL;
                  }
  
                  BIO_snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s_min", type);
                  if (!NCONF_get_number(req_conf, attr_sect, buf, &n_min)) {
                      ERR_clear_error();
                      n_min = -1;
                  }
  
                  BIO_snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s_max", type);
                  if (!NCONF_get_number(req_conf, attr_sect, buf, &n_max)) {
                      ERR_clear_error();
                      n_max = -1;
                  }
  
                  if (!add_attribute_object(req,
                                            v->value, def, value, nid, n_min,
                                            n_max, chtype))
                      return 0;
              }
          }
      } else {
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "No template, please set one up.\n");
          return 0;
      }
  
      return 1;
  
  }
  
  static int auto_info(X509_REQ *req, STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *dn_sk,
                       STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *attr_sk, int attribs,
                       unsigned long chtype)
  {
      int i, spec_char, plus_char;
      char *p, *q;
      char *type;
      CONF_VALUE *v;
      X509_NAME *subj;
  
      subj = X509_REQ_get_subject_name(req);
  
      for (i = 0; i < sk_CONF_VALUE_num(dn_sk); i++) {
          int mval;
          v = sk_CONF_VALUE_value(dn_sk, i);
          p = q = NULL;
          type = v->name;
          /*
           * Skip past any leading X. X: X, etc to allow for multiple instances
           */
          for (p = v->name; *p; p++) {
  #ifndef CHARSET_EBCDIC
              spec_char = ((*p == ':') || (*p == ',') || (*p == '.'));
  #else
              spec_char = ((*p == os_toascii[':']) || (*p == os_toascii[','])
                      || (*p == os_toascii['.']));
  #endif
              if (spec_char) {
                  p++;
                  if (*p)
                      type = p;
                  break;
              }
          }
  #ifndef CHARSET_EBCDIC
          plus_char = (*p == '+');
  #else
          plus_char = (*p == os_toascii['+']);
  #endif
          if (plus_char) {
              p++;
              mval = -1;
          } else
              mval = 0;
          if (!X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt(subj, type, chtype,
                                          (unsigned char *)v->value, -1, -1,
                                          mval))
              return 0;
  
      }
  
      if (!X509_NAME_entry_count(subj)) {
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "error, no objects specified in config file\n");
          return 0;
      }
      if (attribs) {
          for (i = 0; i < sk_CONF_VALUE_num(attr_sk); i++) {
              v = sk_CONF_VALUE_value(attr_sk, i);
              if (!X509_REQ_add1_attr_by_txt(req, v->name, chtype,
                                             (unsigned char *)v->value, -1))
                  return 0;
          }
      }
      return 1;
  }
  
  static int add_DN_object(X509_NAME *n, char *text, const char *def,
                           char *value, int nid, int n_min, int n_max,
                           unsigned long chtype, int mval)
  {
      int i, ret = 0;
      char buf[1024];
   start:
      if (!batch)
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s [%s]:", text, def);
      (void)BIO_flush(bio_err);
      if (value != NULL) {
          OPENSSL_strlcpy(buf, value, sizeof buf);
          OPENSSL_strlcat(buf, "\n", sizeof buf);
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s\n", value);
      } else {
          buf[0] = '\0';
          if (!batch) {
              if (!fgets(buf, sizeof buf, stdin))
                  return 0;
          } else {
              buf[0] = '\n';
              buf[1] = '\0';
          }
      }
  
      if (buf[0] == '\0')
          return (0);
      else if (buf[0] == '\n') {
          if ((def == NULL) || (def[0] == '\0'))
              return (1);
          OPENSSL_strlcpy(buf, def, sizeof buf);
          OPENSSL_strlcat(buf, "\n", sizeof buf);
      } else if ((buf[0] == '.') && (buf[1] == '\n'))
          return (1);
  
      i = strlen(buf);
      if (buf[i - 1] != '\n') {
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "weird input :-(\n");
          return (0);
      }
      buf[--i] = '\0';
  #ifdef CHARSET_EBCDIC
      ebcdic2ascii(buf, buf, i);
  #endif
      if (!req_check_len(i, n_min, n_max)) {
          if (batch || value)
              return 0;
          goto start;
      }
  
      if (!X509_NAME_add_entry_by_NID(n, nid, chtype,
                                      (unsigned char *)buf, -1, -1, mval))
          goto err;
      ret = 1;
   err:
      return (ret);
  }
  
  static int add_attribute_object(X509_REQ *req, char *text, const char *def,
                                  char *value, int nid, int n_min,
                                  int n_max, unsigned long chtype)
  {
      int i;
      static char buf[1024];
  
   start:
      if (!batch)
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s [%s]:", text, def);
      (void)BIO_flush(bio_err);
      if (value != NULL) {
          OPENSSL_strlcpy(buf, value, sizeof buf);
          OPENSSL_strlcat(buf, "\n", sizeof buf);
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s\n", value);
      } else {
          buf[0] = '\0';
          if (!batch) {
              if (!fgets(buf, sizeof buf, stdin))
                  return 0;
          } else {
              buf[0] = '\n';
              buf[1] = '\0';
          }
      }
  
      if (buf[0] == '\0')
          return (0);
      else if (buf[0] == '\n') {
          if ((def == NULL) || (def[0] == '\0'))
              return (1);
          OPENSSL_strlcpy(buf, def, sizeof buf);
          OPENSSL_strlcat(buf, "\n", sizeof buf);
      } else if ((buf[0] == '.') && (buf[1] == '\n'))
          return (1);
  
      i = strlen(buf);
      if (buf[i - 1] != '\n') {
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "weird input :-(\n");
          return (0);
      }
      buf[--i] = '\0';
  #ifdef CHARSET_EBCDIC
      ebcdic2ascii(buf, buf, i);
  #endif
      if (!req_check_len(i, n_min, n_max)) {
          if (batch || value)
              return 0;
          goto start;
      }
  
      if (!X509_REQ_add1_attr_by_NID(req, nid, chtype,
                                     (unsigned char *)buf, -1)) {
          BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error adding attribute\n");
          ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
          goto err;
      }
  
      return (1);
   err:
      return (0);
  }
  
  static int req_check_len(int len, int n_min, int n_max)
  {
      if ((n_min > 0) && (len < n_min)) {
          BIO_printf(bio_err,
                     "string is too short, it needs to be at least %d bytes long\n",
                     n_min);
          return (0);
      }
      if ((n_max >= 0) && (len > n_max)) {
          BIO_printf(bio_err,
                     "string is too long, it needs to be less than  %d bytes long\n",
                     n_max);
          return (0);
      }
      return (1);
  }
  
  /* Check if the end of a string matches 'end' */
  static int check_end(const char *str, const char *end)
  {
      int elen, slen;
      const char *tmp;
      elen = strlen(end);
      slen = strlen(str);
      if (elen > slen)
          return 1;
      tmp = str + slen - elen;
      return strcmp(tmp, end);
  }
  
  static EVP_PKEY_CTX *set_keygen_ctx(const char *gstr,
                                      int *pkey_type, long *pkeylen,
                                      char **palgnam, ENGINE *keygen_engine)
  {
      EVP_PKEY_CTX *gctx = NULL;
      EVP_PKEY *param = NULL;
      long keylen = -1;
      BIO *pbio = NULL;
      const char *paramfile = NULL;
  
      if (gstr == NULL) {
          *pkey_type = EVP_PKEY_RSA;
          keylen = *pkeylen;
      } else if (gstr[0] >= '0' && gstr[0] <= '9') {
          *pkey_type = EVP_PKEY_RSA;
          keylen = atol(gstr);
          *pkeylen = keylen;
      } else if (strncmp(gstr, "param:", 6) == 0)
          paramfile = gstr + 6;
      else {
          const char *p = strchr(gstr, ':');
          int len;
          ENGINE *tmpeng;
          const EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD *ameth;
  
          if (p)
              len = p - gstr;
          else
              len = strlen(gstr);
          /*
           * The lookup of a the string will cover all engines so keep a note
           * of the implementation.
           */
  
          ameth = EVP_PKEY_asn1_find_str(&tmpeng, gstr, len);
  
          if (!ameth) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "Unknown algorithm %.*s\n", len, gstr);
              return NULL;
          }
  
          EVP_PKEY_asn1_get0_info(NULL, pkey_type, NULL, NULL, NULL, ameth);
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
          ENGINE_finish(tmpeng);
  #endif
          if (*pkey_type == EVP_PKEY_RSA) {
              if (p) {
                  keylen = atol(p + 1);
                  *pkeylen = keylen;
              } else
                  keylen = *pkeylen;
          } else if (p)
              paramfile = p + 1;
      }
  
      if (paramfile) {
          pbio = BIO_new_file(paramfile, "r");
          if (!pbio) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "Can't open parameter file %s\n", paramfile);
              return NULL;
          }
          param = PEM_read_bio_Parameters(pbio, NULL);
  
          if (!param) {
              X509 *x;
              (void)BIO_reset(pbio);
              x = PEM_read_bio_X509(pbio, NULL, NULL, NULL);
              if (x) {
                  param = X509_get_pubkey(x);
                  X509_free(x);
              }
          }
  
          BIO_free(pbio);
  
          if (!param) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error reading parameter file %s\n", paramfile);
              return NULL;
          }
          if (*pkey_type == -1)
              *pkey_type = EVP_PKEY_id(param);
          else if (*pkey_type != EVP_PKEY_base_id(param)) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "Key Type does not match parameters\n");
              EVP_PKEY_free(param);
              return NULL;
          }
      }
  
      if (palgnam) {
          const EVP_PKEY_ASN1_METHOD *ameth;
          ENGINE *tmpeng;
          const char *anam;
          ameth = EVP_PKEY_asn1_find(&tmpeng, *pkey_type);
          if (!ameth) {
              BIO_puts(bio_err, "Internal error: can't find key algorithm\n");
              return NULL;
          }
          EVP_PKEY_asn1_get0_info(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &anam, ameth);
          *palgnam = OPENSSL_strdup(anam);
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
          ENGINE_finish(tmpeng);
  #endif
      }
  
      if (param) {
          gctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(param, keygen_engine);
          *pkeylen = EVP_PKEY_bits(param);
          EVP_PKEY_free(param);
      } else
          gctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id(*pkey_type, keygen_engine);
  
      if (gctx == NULL) {
          BIO_puts(bio_err, "Error allocating keygen context\n");
          ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
          return NULL;
      }
  
      if (EVP_PKEY_keygen_init(gctx) <= 0) {
          BIO_puts(bio_err, "Error initializing keygen context\n");
          ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
          EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(gctx);
          return NULL;
      }
  #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_RSA
      if ((*pkey_type == EVP_PKEY_RSA) && (keylen != -1)) {
          if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_keygen_bits(gctx, keylen) <= 0) {
              BIO_puts(bio_err, "Error setting RSA keysize\n");
              ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
              EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(gctx);
              return NULL;
          }
      }
  #endif
  
      return gctx;
  }
  
  static int genpkey_cb(EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx)
  {
      char c = '*';
      BIO *b = EVP_PKEY_CTX_get_app_data(ctx);
      int p;
      p = EVP_PKEY_CTX_get_keygen_info(ctx, 0);
      if (p == 0)
          c = '.';
      if (p == 1)
          c = '+';
      if (p == 2)
          c = '*';
      if (p == 3)
          c = '\n';
      BIO_write(b, &c, 1);
      (void)BIO_flush(b);
      return 1;
  }
  
  static int do_sign_init(EVP_MD_CTX *ctx, EVP_PKEY *pkey,
                          const EVP_MD *md, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts)
  {
      EVP_PKEY_CTX *pkctx = NULL;
      int i;
  
      if (ctx == NULL)
          return 0;
      if (!EVP_DigestSignInit(ctx, &pkctx, md, NULL, pkey))
          return 0;
      for (i = 0; i < sk_OPENSSL_STRING_num(sigopts); i++) {
          char *sigopt = sk_OPENSSL_STRING_value(sigopts, i);
          if (pkey_ctrl_string(pkctx, sigopt) <= 0) {
              BIO_printf(bio_err, "parameter error \"%s\"\n", sigopt);
              ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
              return 0;
          }
      }
      return 1;
  }
  
  int do_X509_sign(X509 *x, EVP_PKEY *pkey, const EVP_MD *md,
                   STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts)
  {
      int rv;
      EVP_MD_CTX *mctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
  
      rv = do_sign_init(mctx, pkey, md, sigopts);
      if (rv > 0)
          rv = X509_sign_ctx(x, mctx);
      EVP_MD_CTX_free(mctx);
      return rv > 0 ? 1 : 0;
  }
  
  int do_X509_REQ_sign(X509_REQ *x, EVP_PKEY *pkey, const EVP_MD *md,
                       STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts)
  {
      int rv;
      EVP_MD_CTX *mctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
      rv = do_sign_init(mctx, pkey, md, sigopts);
      if (rv > 0)
          rv = X509_REQ_sign_ctx(x, mctx);
      EVP_MD_CTX_free(mctx);
      return rv > 0 ? 1 : 0;
  }
  
  int do_X509_CRL_sign(X509_CRL *x, EVP_PKEY *pkey, const EVP_MD *md,
                       STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts)
  {
      int rv;
      EVP_MD_CTX *mctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
      rv = do_sign_init(mctx, pkey, md, sigopts);
      if (rv > 0)
          rv = X509_CRL_sign_ctx(x, mctx);
      EVP_MD_CTX_free(mctx);
      return rv > 0 ? 1 : 0;
  }
  