text: // Copyright(c) 2019, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
  //
  // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  // You may obtain a copy of the License at
  //
  //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  //
  // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  // limitations under the License.
  //
  // VulkanHpp Samples : DrawTexturedCube
  //                     Draw a textured cube
  
  #include "../utils/geometries.hpp"
  #include "../utils/math.hpp"
  #include "../utils/shaders.hpp"
  #include "../utils/utils.hpp"
  #include "SPIRV/GlslangToSpv.h"
  #include "vulkan/vulkan.hpp"
  
  #include <iostream>
  #include <thread>
  
  static char const * AppName    = "DrawTexturedCube";
  static char const * EngineName = "Vulkan.hpp";
  
  int main( int /*argc*/, char ** /*argv*/ )
  {
    try
    {
      vk::UniqueInstance instance = vk::su::createInstance( AppName, EngineName, {}, vk::su::getInstanceExtensions() );
  #if !defined( NDEBUG )
      vk::UniqueDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugUtilsMessenger = vk::su::createDebugUtilsMessenger( instance );
  #endif
  
      vk::PhysicalDevice physicalDevice = instance->enumeratePhysicalDevices().front();
  
      vk::su::SurfaceData surfaceData( instance, AppName, vk::Extent2D( 500, 500 ) );
  
      std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> graphicsAndPresentQueueFamilyIndex =
        vk::su::findGraphicsAndPresentQueueFamilyIndex( physicalDevice, *surfaceData.surface );
      vk::UniqueDevice device =
        vk::su::createDevice( physicalDevice, graphicsAndPresentQueueFamilyIndex.first, vk::su::getDeviceExtensions() );
  
      vk::UniqueCommandPool   commandPool = vk::su::createCommandPool( device, graphicsAndPresentQueueFamilyIndex.first );
      vk::UniqueCommandBuffer commandBuffer = std::move( device
                                                           ->allocateCommandBuffersUnique( vk::CommandBufferAllocateInfo(
                                                             commandPool.get(), vk::CommandBufferLevel::ePrimary, 1 ) )
                                                           .front() );
  
      vk::Queue graphicsQueue = device->getQueue( graphicsAndPresentQueueFamilyIndex.first, 0 );
      vk::Queue presentQueue  = device->getQueue( graphicsAndPresentQueueFamilyIndex.second, 0 );
  
      vk::su::SwapChainData swapChainData( physicalDevice,
                                           device,
                                           *surfaceData.surface,
                                           surfaceData.extent,
                                           vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eColorAttachment |
                                             vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc,
                                           vk::UniqueSwapchainKHR(),
                                           graphicsAndPresentQueueFamilyIndex.first,
                                           graphicsAndPresentQueueFamilyIndex.second );
  
      vk::su::DepthBufferData depthBufferData( physicalDevice, device, vk::Format::eD16Unorm, surfaceData.extent );
  
      vk::su::TextureData textureData( physicalDevice, device );
  
      commandBuffer->begin( vk::CommandBufferBeginInfo() );
      textureData.setImage( device, commandBuffer, vk::su::CheckerboardImageGenerator() );
  
      vk::su::BufferData uniformBufferData(
        physicalDevice, device, sizeof( glm::mat4x4 ), vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eUniformBuffer );
      vk::su::copyToDevice(
        device, uniformBufferData.deviceMemory, vk::su::createModelViewProjectionClipMatrix( surfaceData.extent ) );
  
      vk::UniqueDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout = vk::su::createDescriptorSetLayout(
        device,
        { { vk::DescriptorType::eUniformBuffer, 1, vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eVertex },
          { vk::DescriptorType::eCombinedImageSampler, 1, vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eFragment } } );
      vk::UniquePipelineLayout pipelineLayout = device->createPipelineLayoutUnique(
        vk::PipelineLayoutCreateInfo( vk::PipelineLayoutCreateFlags(), *descriptorSetLayout ) );
  
      vk::UniqueRenderPass renderPass = vk::su::createRenderPass(
        device,
        vk::su::pickSurfaceFormat( physicalDevice.getSurfaceFormatsKHR( surfaceData.surface.get() ) ).format,
        depthBufferData.format );
  
      glslang::InitializeProcess();
      vk::UniqueShaderModule vertexShaderModule =
        vk::su::createShaderModule( device, vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eVertex, vertexShaderText_PT_T );
      vk::UniqueShaderModule fragmentShaderModule =
        vk::su::createShaderModule( device, vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eFragment, fragmentShaderText_T_C );
      glslang::FinalizeProcess();
  
      std::vector<vk::UniqueFramebuffer> framebuffers = vk::su::createFramebuffers(
        device, renderPass, swapChainData.imageViews, depthBufferData.imageView, surfaceData.extent );
  
      vk::su::BufferData vertexBufferData(
        physicalDevice, device, sizeof( texturedCubeData ), vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eVertexBuffer );
      vk::su::copyToDevice( device,
                            vertexBufferData.deviceMemory,
                            texturedCubeData,
                            sizeof( texturedCubeData ) / sizeof( texturedCubeData[0] ) );
  
      vk::UniqueDescriptorPool descriptorPool = vk::su::createDescriptorPool(
        device, { { vk::DescriptorType::eUniformBuffer, 1 }, { vk::DescriptorType::eCombinedImageSampler, 1 } } );
      vk::UniqueDescriptorSet descriptorSet = std::move(
        device->allocateDescriptorSetsUnique( vk::DescriptorSetAllocateInfo( *descriptorPool, *descriptorSetLayout ) )
          .front() );
  
      vk::su::updateDescriptorSets(
        device, descriptorSet, { { vk::DescriptorType::eUniformBuffer, uniformBufferData.buffer, {} } }, textureData );
  
      vk::UniquePipelineCache pipelineCache = device->createPipelineCacheUnique( vk::PipelineCacheCreateInfo() );
      vk::UniquePipeline      graphicsPipeline =
        vk::su::createGraphicsPipeline( device,
                                        pipelineCache,
                                        std::make_pair( *vertexShaderModule, nullptr ),
                                        std::make_pair( *fragmentShaderModule, nullptr ),
                                        sizeof( texturedCubeData[0] ),
                                        { { vk::Format::eR32G32B32A32Sfloat, 0 }, { vk::Format::eR32G32Sfloat, 16 } },
                                        vk::FrontFace::eClockwise,
                                        true,
                                        pipelineLayout,
                                        renderPass );
      /* VULKAN_KEY_START */
  
      // Get the index of the next available swapchain image:
      vk::UniqueSemaphore       imageAcquiredSemaphore = device->createSemaphoreUnique( vk::SemaphoreCreateInfo() );
      vk::ResultValue<uint32_t> currentBuffer          = device->acquireNextImageKHR(
        swapChainData.swapChain.get(), vk::su::FenceTimeout, imageAcquiredSemaphore.get(), nullptr );
      assert( currentBuffer.result == vk::Result::eSuccess );
      assert( currentBuffer.value < framebuffers.size() );
  
      // commandBuffer->begin() has already been called above!
  
      std::array<vk::ClearValue, 2> clearValues;
      clearValues[0].color        = vk::ClearColorValue( std::array<float, 4>( { { 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f } } ) );
      clearValues[1].depthStencil = vk::ClearDepthStencilValue( 1.0f, 0 );
      vk::RenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo( renderPass.get(),
                                                   framebuffers[currentBuffer.value].get(),
                                                   vk::Rect2D( vk::Offset2D( 0, 0 ), surfaceData.extent ),
                                                   clearValues );
      commandBuffer->beginRenderPass( renderPassBeginInfo, vk::SubpassContents::eInline );
      commandBuffer->bindPipeline( vk::PipelineBindPoint::eGraphics, graphicsPipeline.get() );
      commandBuffer->bindDescriptorSets(
        vk::PipelineBindPoint::eGraphics, pipelineLayout.get(), 0, descriptorSet.get(), nullptr );
  
      commandBuffer->bindVertexBuffers( 0, *vertexBufferData.buffer, { 0 } );
      commandBuffer->setViewport( 0,
                                  vk::Viewport( 0.0f,
                                                0.0f,
                                                static_cast<float>( surfaceData.extent.width ),
                                                static_cast<float>( surfaceData.extent.height ),
                                                0.0f,
                                                1.0f ) );
      commandBuffer->setScissor( 0, vk::Rect2D( vk::Offset2D( 0, 0 ), surfaceData.extent ) );
  
      commandBuffer->draw( 12 * 3, 1, 0, 0 );
      commandBuffer->endRenderPass();
      commandBuffer->end();
  
      vk::UniqueFence drawFence = device->createFenceUnique( vk::FenceCreateInfo() );
  
      vk::PipelineStageFlags waitDestinationStageMask( vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput );
      vk::SubmitInfo         submitInfo( *imageAcquiredSemaphore, waitDestinationStageMask, *commandBuffer );
      graphicsQueue.submit( submitInfo, drawFence.get() );
  
      while ( vk::Result::eTimeout == device->waitForFences( drawFence.get(), VK_TRUE, vk::su::FenceTimeout ) )
        ;
  
      vk::Result result =
        presentQueue.presentKHR( vk::PresentInfoKHR( {}, *swapChainData.swapChain, currentBuffer.value ) );
      switch ( result )
      {
        case vk::Result::eSuccess: break;
        case vk::Result::eSuboptimalKHR: std::cout << "vk::Queue::presentKHR returned vk::Result::eSuboptimalKHR !\n";
        default: assert( false );  // an unexpected result is returned !
      }
      std::this_thread::sleep_for( std::chrono::milliseconds( 1000 ) );
  
      /* VULKAN_KEY_END */
  
      device->waitIdle();
    }
    catch ( vk::SystemError & err )
    {
      std::cout << "vk::SystemError: " << err.what() << std::endl;
      exit( -1 );
    }
    catch ( std::exception & err )
    {
      std::cout << "std::exception: " << err.what() << std::endl;
      exit( -1 );
    }
    catch ( ... )
    {
      std::cout << "unknown error\n";
      exit( -1 );
    }
    return 0;
  }
  