text: """Unit tests for the positional only argument syntax specified in PEP 570."""
  
  import dis
  import pickle
  import unittest
  
  from test.support import check_syntax_error
  
  
  def global_pos_only_f(a, b, /):
      return a, b
  
  def global_pos_only_and_normal(a, /, b):
      return a, b
  
  def global_pos_only_defaults(a=1, /, b=2):
      return a, b
  
  def global_inner_has_pos_only():
      def f(x: int, /): ...
      return f
  
  
  class PositionalOnlyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
  
      def assertRaisesSyntaxError(self, codestr, regex="invalid syntax"):
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, regex):
              compile(codestr + "\n", "<test>", "single")
  
      def test_invalid_syntax_errors(self):
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, b = 5, /, c): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a = 5, b, /, c): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a = 5, b=1, /, c, *, d=2): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a = 5, b, /): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(*args, /): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(*args, a, /): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(**kwargs, /): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(/, a = 1): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(/, a): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(/): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(*, a, /): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(*, /, a): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, /, a): pass", "duplicate argument 'a' in function definition")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, /, *, a): pass", "duplicate argument 'a' in function definition")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, b/2, c): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, /, c, /): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, /, c, /, d): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, /, c, /, d, *, e): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, *, c, /, d, e): pass")
  
      def test_invalid_syntax_errors_async(self):
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, b = 5, /, c): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a = 5, b, /, c): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a = 5, b=1, /, c, d=2): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a = 5, b, /): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(*args, /): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(*args, a, /): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(**kwargs, /): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(/, a = 1): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(/, a): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(/): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(*, a, /): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(*, /, a): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, /, a): pass", "duplicate argument 'a' in function definition")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, /, *, a): pass", "duplicate argument 'a' in function definition")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, b/2, c): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, /, c, /): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, /, c, /, d): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, /, c, /, d, *, e): pass")
          check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, *, c, /, d, e): pass")
  
      def test_optional_positional_only_args(self):
          def f(a, b=10, /, c=100):
              return a + b + c
  
          self.assertEqual(f(1, 2, 3), 6)
          self.assertEqual(f(1, 2, c=3), 6)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'b'"):
              f(1, b=2, c=3)
  
          self.assertEqual(f(1, 2), 103)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'b'"):
              f(1, b=2)
          self.assertEqual(f(1, c=2), 13)
  
          def f(a=1, b=10, /, c=100):
              return a + b + c
  
          self.assertEqual(f(1, 2, 3), 6)
          self.assertEqual(f(1, 2, c=3), 6)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'b'"):
              f(1, b=2, c=3)
  
          self.assertEqual(f(1, 2), 103)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'b'"):
              f(1, b=2)
          self.assertEqual(f(1, c=2), 13)
  
      def test_syntax_for_many_positional_only(self):
          # more than 255 positional only arguments, should compile ok
          fundef = "def f(%s, /):\n  pass\n" % ', '.join('i%d' % i for i in range(300))
          compile(fundef, "<test>", "single")
  
      def test_pos_only_definition(self):
          def f(a, b, c, /, d, e=1, *, f, g=2):
              pass
  
          self.assertEqual(5, f.__code__.co_argcount)  # 3 posonly + 2 "standard args"
          self.assertEqual(3, f.__code__.co_posonlyargcount)
          self.assertEqual((1,), f.__defaults__)
  
          def f(a, b, c=1, /, d=2, e=3, *, f, g=4):
              pass
  
          self.assertEqual(5, f.__code__.co_argcount)  # 3 posonly + 2 "standard args"
          self.assertEqual(3, f.__code__.co_posonlyargcount)
          self.assertEqual((1, 2, 3), f.__defaults__)
  
      def test_pos_only_call_via_unpacking(self):
          def f(a, b, /):
              return a + b
  
          self.assertEqual(f(*[1, 2]), 3)
  
      def test_use_positional_as_keyword(self):
          def f(a, /):
              pass
          expected = r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'a'"
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected):
              f(a=1)
  
          def f(a, /, b):
              pass
          expected = r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'a'"
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected):
              f(a=1, b=2)
  
          def f(a, b, /):
              pass
          expected = r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'a, b'"
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected):
              f(a=1, b=2)
  
      def test_positional_only_and_arg_invalid_calls(self):
          def f(a, b, /, c):
              pass
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'c'"):
              f(1, 2)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 2 required positional arguments: 'b' and 'c'"):
              f(1)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 3 required positional arguments: 'a', 'b', and 'c'"):
              f()
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) takes 3 positional arguments but 4 were given"):
              f(1, 2, 3, 4)
  
      def test_positional_only_and_optional_arg_invalid_calls(self):
          def f(a, b, /, c=3):
              pass
          f(1, 2)  # does not raise
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'b'"):
              f(1)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 2 required positional arguments: 'a' and 'b'"):
              f()
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) takes from 2 to 3 positional arguments but 4 were given"):
              f(1, 2, 3, 4)
  
      def test_positional_only_and_kwonlyargs_invalid_calls(self):
          def f(a, b, /, c, *, d, e):
              pass
          f(1, 2, 3, d=1, e=2)  # does not raise
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"missing 1 required keyword-only argument: 'd'"):
              f(1, 2, 3, e=2)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"missing 2 required keyword-only arguments: 'd' and 'e'"):
              f(1, 2, 3)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'c'"):
              f(1, 2)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 2 required positional arguments: 'b' and 'c'"):
              f(1)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r" missing 3 required positional arguments: 'a', 'b', and 'c'"):
              f()
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) takes 3 positional arguments but 6 positional arguments "
                                                 r"\(and 2 keyword-only arguments\) were given"):
              f(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, d=7, e=8)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got an unexpected keyword argument 'f'"):
              f(1, 2, 3, d=1, e=4, f=56)
  
      def test_positional_only_invalid_calls(self):
          def f(a, b, /):
              pass
          f(1, 2)  # does not raise
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'b'"):
              f(1)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 2 required positional arguments: 'a' and 'b'"):
              f()
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) takes 2 positional arguments but 3 were given"):
              f(1, 2, 3)
  
      def test_positional_only_with_optional_invalid_calls(self):
          def f(a, b=2, /):
              pass
          f(1)  # does not raise
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'a'"):
              f()
  
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) takes from 1 to 2 positional arguments but 3 were given"):
              f(1, 2, 3)
  
      def test_no_standard_args_usage(self):
          def f(a, b, /, *, c):
              pass
  
          f(1, 2, c=3)
          with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
              f(1, b=2, c=3)
  
      def test_change_default_pos_only(self):
          def f(a, b=2, /, c=3):
              return a + b + c
  
          self.assertEqual((2,3), f.__defaults__)
          f.__defaults__ = (1, 2, 3)
          self.assertEqual(f(1, 2, 3), 6)
  
      def test_lambdas(self):
          x = lambda a, /, b: a + b
          self.assertEqual(x(1,2), 3)
          self.assertEqual(x(1,b=2), 3)
  
          x = lambda a, /, b=2: a + b
          self.assertEqual(x(1), 3)
  
          x = lambda a, b, /: a + b
          self.assertEqual(x(1, 2), 3)
  
          x = lambda a, b, /, : a + b
          self.assertEqual(x(1, 2), 3)
  
      def test_invalid_syntax_lambda(self):
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, b = 5, /, c: None", "non-default argument follows default argument")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a = 5, b, /, c: None", "non-default argument follows default argument")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a = 5, b, /: None", "non-default argument follows default argument")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda *args, /: None")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda *args, a, /: None")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda **kwargs, /: None")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda /, a = 1: None")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda /, a: None")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda /: None")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda *, a, /: None")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda *, /, a: None")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, /, a: None", "duplicate argument 'a' in function definition")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, /, *, a: None", "duplicate argument 'a' in function definition")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, /, b, /: None")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, /, b, /, c: None")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, /, b, /, c, *, d: None")
          check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, *, b, /, c: None")
  
      def test_posonly_methods(self):
          class Example:
              def f(self, a, b, /):
                  return a, b
  
          self.assertEqual(Example().f(1, 2), (1, 2))
          self.assertEqual(Example.f(Example(), 1, 2), (1, 2))
          self.assertRaises(TypeError, Example.f, 1, 2)
          expected = r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'b'"
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected):
              Example().f(1, b=2)
  
      def test_mangling(self):
          class X:
              def f(self, *, __a=42):
                  return __a
          self.assertEqual(X().f(), 42)
  
      def test_module_function(self):
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 2 required positional arguments: 'a' and 'b'"):
              global_pos_only_f()
  
  
      def test_closures(self):
          def f(x,y):
              def g(x2,/,y2):
                  return x + y + x2 + y2
              return g
  
          self.assertEqual(f(1,2)(3,4), 10)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"g\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'y2'"):
              f(1,2)(3)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"g\(\) takes 2 positional arguments but 3 were given"):
              f(1,2)(3,4,5)
  
          def f(x,/,y):
              def g(x2,y2):
                  return x + y + x2 + y2
              return g
  
          self.assertEqual(f(1,2)(3,4), 10)
  
          def f(x,/,y):
              def g(x2,/,y2):
                  return x + y + x2 + y2
              return g
  
          self.assertEqual(f(1,2)(3,4), 10)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"g\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'y2'"):
              f(1,2)(3)
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"g\(\) takes 2 positional arguments but 3 were given"):
              f(1,2)(3,4,5)
  
      def test_same_keyword_as_positional_with_kwargs(self):
          def f(something,/,**kwargs):
              return (something, kwargs)
  
          self.assertEqual(f(42, something=42), (42, {'something': 42}))
  
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'something'"):
              f(something=42)
  
          self.assertEqual(f(42), (42, {}))
  
      def test_mangling(self):
          class X:
              def f(self, __a=42, /):
                  return __a
  
              def f2(self, __a=42, /, __b=43):
                  return (__a, __b)
  
              def f3(self, __a=42, /, __b=43, *, __c=44):
                  return (__a, __b, __c)
  
          self.assertEqual(X().f(), 42)
          self.assertEqual(X().f2(), (42, 43))
          self.assertEqual(X().f3(), (42, 43, 44))
  
      def test_too_many_arguments(self):
          # more than 255 positional-only arguments, should compile ok
          fundef = "def f(%s, /):\n  pass\n" % ', '.join('i%d' % i for i in range(300))
          compile(fundef, "<test>", "single")
  
      def test_serialization(self):
          pickled_posonly = pickle.dumps(global_pos_only_f)
          pickled_optional = pickle.dumps(global_pos_only_and_normal)
          pickled_defaults = pickle.dumps(global_pos_only_defaults)
  
          unpickled_posonly = pickle.loads(pickled_posonly)
          unpickled_optional = pickle.loads(pickled_optional)
          unpickled_defaults = pickle.loads(pickled_defaults)
  
          self.assertEqual(unpickled_posonly(1,2), (1,2))
          expected = r"global_pos_only_f\(\) got some positional-only arguments "\
                     r"passed as keyword arguments: 'a, b'"
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected):
              unpickled_posonly(a=1,b=2)
  
          self.assertEqual(unpickled_optional(1,2), (1,2))
          expected = r"global_pos_only_and_normal\(\) got some positional-only arguments "\
                     r"passed as keyword arguments: 'a'"
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected):
              unpickled_optional(a=1,b=2)
  
          self.assertEqual(unpickled_defaults(), (1,2))
          expected = r"global_pos_only_defaults\(\) got some positional-only arguments "\
                     r"passed as keyword arguments: 'a'"
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected):
              unpickled_defaults(a=1,b=2)
  
      def test_async(self):
  
          async def f(a=1, /, b=2):
              return a, b
  
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'a'"):
              f(a=1, b=2)
  
          def _check_call(*args, **kwargs):
              try:
                  coro = f(*args, **kwargs)
                  coro.send(None)
              except StopIteration as e:
                  result = e.value
              self.assertEqual(result, (1, 2))
  
          _check_call(1, 2)
          _check_call(1, b=2)
          _check_call(1)
          _check_call()
  
      def test_generator(self):
  
          def f(a=1, /, b=2):
              yield a, b
  
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'a'"):
              f(a=1, b=2)
  
          gen = f(1, 2)
          self.assertEqual(next(gen), (1, 2))
          gen = f(1, b=2)
          self.assertEqual(next(gen), (1, 2))
          gen = f(1)
          self.assertEqual(next(gen), (1, 2))
          gen = f()
          self.assertEqual(next(gen), (1, 2))
  
      def test_super(self):
  
          sentinel = object()
  
          class A:
              def method(self):
                  return sentinel
  
          class C(A):
              def method(self, /):
                  return super().method()
  
          self.assertEqual(C().method(), sentinel)
  
      def test_annotations(self):
          assert global_inner_has_pos_only().__annotations__ == {'x': int}
  
      def test_annotations_constant_fold(self):
          def g():
              def f(x: not (int is int), /): ...
  
          # without constant folding we end up with
          # COMPARE_OP(is), UNARY_NOT
          # with constant folding we should expect a COMPARE_OP(is not)
          codes = [(i.opname, i.argval) for i in dis.get_instructions(g)]
          self.assertNotIn(('UNARY_NOT', None), codes)
          self.assertIn(('COMPARE_OP', 'is not'), codes)
  
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
      unittest.main()
  